ISBN 978-3-934401-20-4 Independent Review on European Security & Defence – Winner of the European Award 2011 for Citizenship, Security and Defence Volume No 10 Main Topic Migration Cyber Security Disaster around Europe – how to engage them? Frontex and the crisis in the Mediterranean Basin EU Cyber Security – how to protect societies Interview with Ilkka Laitinen Executive Director, Frontex, Warsaw Interview with Marietje Schaake MEP, Strasbourg/Brussels MIDDLE-EAST: Is the time not right for peace and security? Edition 2/2011 EDITORIAL Editorial The case for European renewal What most worries me is not the current crises. Such problems as the In this connection he boldly called for a Euro- current financial crisis and migration issues can be resolved through pean defence to foster Europe’s ability to take determined action by the international community. responsibility for its own defence and make the EU into a robust and credible partner for But the muffled anti-European nationalisms now emerging in virtually the United States. The defence capability, he all European societies, and particularly on the far right of the political said, should be supplemented by a European spectrum, are genuine cause for concern. They are fuelled by contempt Civil Defence Force able to respond to humani- for the political establishment and supported by those who are dis- tarian crises and take action globally – a pro- gruntled with the EU. posal Barnier had made in his report on crisis This anti-European passion has managed to generate a negative trend management in 2006. Hartmut Bühl across Europe by filling a breach so far left open by a European Union unable to convey a heartfelt community of values transcending Plead for a more humanist approach national concerns. If Barnier’s call for a more humanist approach focused on human dignity can be successfully conveyed throughout the EU, that to me I believe that this trend can be reversed, but that the impetus for such would be a step forward in itself. It includes a call for a more humanist a move will have to come from public figures committed to the goal of approach to refugees. And I also wish the political leaders of the EU a “new” Europe and with the ideas and dedication to take the intellec- and its Member States would henceforth refuse to make concessions tual and spiritual lead in European renewal. to the right wing and the disgruntled in their countries, as long as the incorrigible remain unreconstructed. European renewal EU-Commissioner Michel Barnier delivered a noteworthy speech on Barnier’s call to give a renewed Europe the necessary strength through Europe Day (9 May) at Humboldt University in Berlin, in which he took a social market economy is compelling. After 60 years, it is still faced the renewal of Europe as his theme. with the British free market vision. The only way out is joint pressure He said that in the current global crisis, the need for Europe is stronger and persuasion. than ever, but he wondered whether European citizens still want it and whether it will still exist in the year 2050. Michel Barnier has given a great European speech. Asked what the Europe, he said, has focused too much on the mechanics of integra- founding fathers would have to say about today’s EU, he said, “They tion instead of professing the values that bring us together – the spirit would say that the union of Europeans is not an option, but a vital of freedom, the quest for social justice and a civic spirit based on hu- necessity to be able to count, protect ourselves and gain respect.” manism. What we need, he said, is the desire to be together, and we must not leave this to the right wing. Barnier called for an EU political and diplomatic culture, with a European foreign minister using the European diplomatic service (EEAS) to convey European culture and values. Impressum The European − Security and Defence Union ProPress Publishing Group Brussels/Berlin Headquarters Berlin: Kaskelstr. 41, D-10317 Berlin Phone: +49/30/557 412-0, Fax: +49/30/557 412-33 Brussels Office: Hartmut Bühl Avenue des Celtes, 30, B-1040 Brussels Phone/Fax: +32/2732 3135, GMS: 0049-1723 282 319 E-Mail: [email protected] Bonn Office: Am Buschhof 8, D-53227 Bonn Phone: +49/228/970 97-0, Fax: +49/228/970 97-75 Advertisement Office Bonn: Karin Dornbusch Phone: +49/228/970 97-40 E-Mail: [email protected] Publisher and Editor-in-Chief: Hartmut Bühl, Brussels Editorial Deputy: Nannette Bühl-Cazaubon, Paris Publishing House: ProPress Verlagsgesellschaft mbH President ProPress Publishing Group: R. Uwe Proll E-Mail: [email protected] Layout: SpreeService- und Beratungsgesellschaft mbH Print: Heider Druck GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach The European − Security and Defence Union Magazine is published by the ProPress Publishing Group. The ProPress Publishing Group is the organizer of the congress on European Security and Defence (Berliner Sicherheitskonferenz), the European Police Congress and the European Congress on Disaster Management. For further information about the magazine and the congresses please visit www.euro-defence.eu Suscription: This magazine is published in Brussels and Berlin. The copy price is 16 Euro: 3 copies for one year: 42 Euro (Euro EU Subscription). 3 copies for one year: 66 Euro (International subscription) including postage and dispatch (3 issues) © 2011 by ProPress Publishing Group Bonn/Berlin 3 THE EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION Gilles de Kerchove EU Counterterrorism Coordinator, Brussels Dr. Einat Wilf MP Jerusalem POLICY and POLITICS Editorial European Union Security and Defence 7 24 The CSDP and its developments after Lisbon Roberto Gualtieri, Strasbourg/Brussels A renewal of Europe Documentation Oliver Bruzek, Aachen 8 How to make Europe a nation? Lisbon can’t be the end Simon Busuttil, Strasbourg/Brussels 11 EU Border Guards that Frontex needs Reduce the influence of nations Capabilities are still missing Françoise Hostalier MP and Jean-Pierre Kucheida MP, Paris 27 The CSDP – the way ahead There is no leadership Claude France Arnould, Brussels 29 European Defence Agency (EDA): Role and perspectives Breakthrough – now! Ilkka Laitinen, Warsaw 14 Frontex and the crisis in the Mediterranean The most important SAR organization Dr. Rainer Martens, Munich 32 Technology for future aero engines Sophistication of products Ioan Dascaˇlu, Bukarest 16 The enlargement of “Schengen“ and the new role for Romania The country made enormous efforts Patrick Bellouard, Bonn 34 A success story of European cooperation 10 years of serious work Murad Bayar, Ankara 37 Right time and proper platform for armament Europe and the Middle East cooperation between Turkey and the EU A reliable partner is looking to Europe Dr. Einat Wilf MP, Jerusalem 19 For the Palestinians’ Sake An Israeli sight of the problem Dr. Matthew Lewitt, Washington 21 While loss of Bin Laden – terrorist threat to the West remains present Reduced interest but realistic warning Michael Hancock MP, London 22 The Arab Spring, Libya and Europe Europe’s lethargy is not the right way to support 4 Antoine Bouvier, Paris 39 The benefits of 10 years of integration in the missile sector An idea, a will and persistence CONTENT Murad Bayar Undersecretary Ministry of National Defence, Ankara Claude France Arnould CEO, European Defence Agency, Brussels SECURITY and SECURITY SOLUTIONS Joseph A. Ghattas, Paris Cyber Security – the threats and solutions 42 A governance platform for fighting security threats in a time of transformation A wake up call for administrations Marietje Schaake MEP, Strasbourg/Brussels 54 EU Cyber Security – how to protect societies The rights of citizens to be respected Hans H. Kühl, Dörpling 44 The CBRN threat and resulting challenges for Gilles de Kerchove, Brussels 57 Cyber Threat – the need for an EU response the European Union A crucial issue for the EU National responsibilities but common policy Arne Schoenbohm, Munich 58 EU-Crisis prevention – new structures and coordination Cyber crime and cyber war– we have to cease being passive The EU is asked to be pro-activ Hans Das, Brussels 46 The role of the future European Emergency Response Centre The Commission is pushing forward Armed and civil capabilities in crisis management General Jean-Paul Palomeros, Paris Nannette Bühl-Cazaubon, Journalist, Paris 48 Training and preparedness – key elements 60 French Air Force its challenges and commitments Strong commitment and excellent performance for the EU crisis and disaster management Simulation in training is a better spending Abraham (Avi) Bachar, Tel Aviv 50 The Israeli approach to crisis and consequences management A very strong commitment of the society “The European – Security Defence Union” is the Winner of the European Award 2011 for Citizenship, Security and Defence 5 SECURITY AND DEFENCE Turkish defence industries having achieved a global competitive capacity is now keen to cooperate Right time and proper platform for armament cooperation between Turkey and the EU by Murad Bayar, Undersecretary, Ministry of National Defence, Ankara Considering global trends and current challenges, we have to ensure that the technologically advanced capability be improved so as to enable us to operate efficiently in the face of a wide array of diversified threats. A strong and indigenous capability infrastructure will ensure that our national and global interests are secured. This can be interpreted not only as building an indigenous defence industry, but also as deepening international defence integration. Creating synergies – Turkey is keen to cooperate In addition, taking into account shrinking defence budgets, especially in Europe, co-operation has become indispensible in terms of providing best-value solutions to obtain cuttingedge technologies. The international partnership concept is now being taken more seriously than ever before, as many nations with similar requirements are eager to collaborate to create synergies. Turkey, meanwhile, particularly in the last decade, has made considerable strides towards its goal of modernising its armed forces and creating indigenous defence products in order to reduce arms import-dependency and to cultivate its own export markets. It has been the policy that defence procurement should, through joint ventures with overseas companies, provide the stimulus for industrial development. The Turkish Government has encouraged foreign investment, and there are a number of very significant co-production deals between Turkish and foreign companies involving important transfers of advanced technology to Turkey. Turkey is now keen to export and remain competitive in the defence sector. Murad Bayar Murad Bayar is States Secretary for defence industries in the Ministry of Defence (SSM) and is in this position the chief procurement official of Turkey since 2004. He is an electronics engineer with master’s degrees of the North Carolina University and Yale University. States Secretary Bayar startet his career 1987 with Turkey´s militaryowned electronic company Aselsan. He worked for the SSM between 1989 and 1998 and engaged1998 at the international consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton´s in New York before coming to his actual function. Turkey has aimed to conduct effective supply activities in accordance with the expectations of the users, to improve international cooperation in the field of defence and to establish an effective institutionalized structure to realize the above-mentioned activities per our Strategic Plan. A growing trend began in the sector in 2007. $352 million in defence exports in 2006 has gradually increased to approximately $830 million in 2009, and sectorial turnover increased to $2.3 billion from $1.7 billion in 2006. Platforms not produced in Turkey, such as aircraft and submarines, are projects that even leading countries prefer to implement through consortiums. Thus, Turkey should aim at supplying the needs of the Turkish Armed Forces by affiliating our industry with international consortiums for these projects. The Turkish procurement policy Increased competitive capacities of the Turkish defence industry Turkey’s procurement policy is implemented by the Under-Secretariat for Defence Industries (SSM), which undertakes technical, financial and industrial project evaluations. The strategic priorities of SSM are Procurement Management, Industry and Technology Management and International Cooperation. The 2007-2011 Strategic Plan policies published by SSM include: • having 50% of system requirements met through local infrastructure by 2011; • using cost + contracts for R&D and local development; • achieving defence exports valued at $1 billion per annum by 2011. The global competitive capacity of the Turkish defence industry has gradually increased, especially in recent years, and Turkish companies have become contractors in national procurement projects and reliable partners in many respectable international projects. Thanks to the international projects, Turkish companies have begun to form an effective working culture with the world defence industry for new cooperation opportunities in the future. International defence industry cooperation has a reciprocal triggering relationship. As its technological infrastructure improves, our industry strengthens its stance as a suitable candidate for new partnerships, and as it participates in new international projects, it is able to improve its capabilities. One of 37 THE EUROPEAN – SECURITY AND DEFENCE UNION Turkish Forces participate regurlarly in NATO and EU-Missions the most important features of Turkey’s new international cooperation is the role of not only key industrial institutions, but also of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Overlapping security goals and defence priorities The issue that primarily needs to be addressed at present is that Turkish and European security goals and defence priorities mostly overlap. This in turn can lead us to try to identify a mutually beneficial forum where procurement and defence industry cooperation in the real sense can be pursued. In parallel with strategies focusing on increasing local capacity to achieve industrial self-reliance, Turkey has considered European countries to be among its preferred partners for major defence systems. These include helicopters, naval platforms and electronic warfare systems. Defence cooperation with Europe stems from common threat perceptions with considerable potential. By being a partner in large-scale European defence programmes, such as A400M, and recent joint initiatives in Advanced UAV, Turkey has been able to enhance its capabilities, integrating them through “supply chains” into the European industrial base. In these projects, the Turkish aviation industry entered into very successful partnerships. The integration of our industry with international industry, its ability to get more business, and improving technology and capability via these projects is still in progress. Similarly, the Turkish aviation industry’s involvement in the A400M Project developed a culture of working with the main players in the sector and created potential for new partnerships in critical activities, both in “joint production” and design and development. Multinational programmes are mutually supportive It should therefore be underlined that, given the level of experience and capabilities obtained over the last decade 38 through multinational programmes, Turkey’s membership in OCCAR would surely strengthen armaments cooperation between Turkey and the EU. For its part, Turkey has always focused on developing and maintaining strong relations with its European counterparts and would like to see a shift in perception towards the advantages of its industrial capabilities. Currently, SSM carries out large-scale programmes. By 2010, the total contract volume of its 14 naval platform programmes exceeded $8 billion. The National Corvette (MILGEM), for instance, has been designed to meet vaPhoto: ESDU archive rious requirements, including reconnaissance, surveillance, target identification, early warning, defence of bases and harbours, anti-submarine warfare, amphibious operations and surface-to-surface and surface-to-air warfare. In context of the programme, ASELSAN and HAVELSAN are responsible for the development and integration of combat systems, whereas the sonar system has been designed and developed by TÜBiTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). In that sense, MILGEM is a unique example of cooperation in the Turkish defence industry. Turkish security and defence industries are enabled for global export As a result of our continuous efforts to enhance the capabilities of the local industry, fortified with our proven design and sub-system solutions, the Turkish defence industry now has the capability to export various systems to various countries around the world. Yonca Onuk, one of the leading exporters in the area of composite hulls, has delivered improved rapid-intervention crafts and patrol boats to Georgia, UAE and Pakistan. ASELSAN has delivered the STAMP to Malaysia and the UAE and signed a contract involving Software Defined Radios with the Pakistani Armed Forces. In the land sector, FNSS, one of Turkey’s leading armoured vehicle companies, has signed a $600 million contract with the Government of Malaysia to equip their armed forces with Pars IFVs. In 2009, 21% of the Turkey’s aviation exports were achieved by Alp Aviation. Turkey attaches great importance to continuing its enhanced dialogue with the EU, and Turkey’s catalytic role in NATO-EU relations has led to some tangible changes in the European perception of defence and security. In conclusion, all of these accomplishments demonstrate the Turkish defence industry’s competitiveness and reliability as partner in the international field.