Introduction: What is a PDNA
Disaster and Crisis Recovery Operations for Increased Resilience
JVI, September 10-14, 2012
What is PDNA
 A Post-Disaster Needs Assessment – ideally - is government initiated, - owned,
and -led exercise, supported by the international community with the objective to:
 Estimate the economic and human impacts of the disaster
 Determine the reconstruction and recovery needs
 Arrive to Recovery Framework by prioritizing reconstruction and recovery
needs/activities
Involves assessments of
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the impact of a disaster on:
Human life, injuries, health
Infrastructure (Roads, bridges, electricity, communications, etc.)
Social sectors (Health, education, governance, etc.)
Household and community assets (Housing and community infrastructure)
On critical issues: food security, nutrition, access to social services, livelihoods losses
Based on the following principles:
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Government led process
Partnership between EU, UN, WB, and with an inclusive approach toward civil society
One process, one team, one output
Strong emphasis on “Resilient Recovery” – a recovery and reconstruction process that
lead to disaster risk reduction
More on PDNA as a Partnership
EU-UN-WB Partnership
 Joint Declaration (JD) on Post-Crisis
Assessment and Recovery Planning,
signed in 2008 by EC, UN and WB
 JD is a platform for partnership and
action to boost a coordinated, effective,
sustainable response to crisis
 Develop joint methodology and tools,
undertake joint missions and trainings,
and support government jointly in postdisaster recovery planning and
implementation.
Why PDNA - Emerging Recovery Priorities
 Methodologies
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available earlier
Did not address specific recovery needs of households / communities
Lacked focus on vulnerable groups such as children, disabled, elderly,
excluded groups, etc.
 Shift
in focus from economic recovery to restoration of livelihoods and
cross-cutting themes such as gender, human rights, economic and social
functions
 Necessity
for a broader platform to include NGOs and other stakeholders
both in raising resources and in implementing recovery activities
Evolution of Assessment Methodologies
Evolution of Assessment Methodology
Origin
 Evolved from the Methodology developed by the Economic Commission for Latin
America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in early 1970s
 The Methodology was developed in the context of frequent disasters in Central America
and the Caribbean, where due to small size of national economies large-scale disasters
had huge impact on national economy
 It was the first comprehensive methodology covering all sectors included in the National
Systems of Account
 Used bottom up approach: sector level assessments aggregated for estimating the
overall impact of disasters
 Largely concerned with physical infrastructure and macro-economic impact of disasters:
GDP losses, impact on balance of payment and public debt, etc.
 Adopted by the World Bank as DaLA for estimating mainly reconstruction financing needs
New realities
 With growing size of national economies and their diversification, macro-economic
impacts came down substantially
 International agencies participating in social sector recovery needed a different needs
assessment approach to formulate their interventions
 It become necessary to estimate how the impact of disaster was distributed across
households and communities
 Paris Declaration in 2005 brought up the need for a uniform and consistent methodology
to be used by all the agencies
Scope of PDNA
Pulls together
analysis into a single, consolidated report and includes
information on:
 the physical impacts of a disaster,
 the economic value of the damages and losses,
 the human impacts as experienced by the affected population, and
 the resulting early and long-term recovery needs and priorities
Analyses
how disasters have affected social networks, coping
capacities, and governance
Provides information on how the households and communities cope
with their losses, how they access to necessary assistance for recovery
Based on all the information, presents a broad recovery framework,
which includes estimates of prioritized recovery needs in both physical
and financial terms
 Suggests a preliminary outline of recovery strategy
Methodology of PDNA
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Integrates two key perspectives:
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valuation of damages and losses, and
human recovery needs (livelihoods, health care, water and sanitation, education)
DALA methodology for the valuation of damages and losses in sectors within the national
systems of accounts (NSA)
In each sector data collected from several sources: government departments, surveys,
physical visits, satellite images and media.
A sample of data checked and validated on the ground
Cost calculated using data on damages and losses on the basis of replacement costs and
current prices respectively
Damages and losses in all sectors are added, to arrive at a complete account of monetary
value of these damages and losses
Largely for estimate the cost of reconstruction
HRNA focuses on losses at household and community levels
Sectors covered through HRNA include: Livelihoods, Education, Community Infrastructure,
Gender, Governance, mostly cross cutting sectors, not included in NSA
The data on recovery needs is collected through a representative sample of the affected
population
Quantitative and qualitative surveys are accompanied with focus group discussions
Centered on restoration of important functions and services
More conducive to planning early recovery interventions
More on DaLA
More on HRNA
More on DaLA
 Based on
a stock-flow model that measures Damage to assets and loss – changes
in economic flows
 DaLA categorizes disaster effects on the affected economy as damage and losses
 Effects differ in
 the time of occurrence, and
 the way they valued
 Typical damages and losses
 Disaster Impact
 Post Disaster Needs
 Recovery Needs
 Reconstruction Needs
 Assessment Result
 Total value of destruction in physical assets (damage) and changes (losses) in
flows of the economy
 Distribution of damages and losses by ownership
 Identification of most affected sectors
 Geographic distribution of disaster effects
 Impact of disaster at macro-economic and at personal/household levels
 Estimates of post-disaster needs for recovery, reconstruction and disaster risk
reduction
Resource: Introduction to Damage , Loss and Needs Assessment E-learning Course
More on HRNA
Objective of HRNA
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Revival of livelihoods
Restoration of local governance systems
Re-establishing community infrastructure
Restoring access to schools and hospitals
Cleaning the local environment
Providing special assistance to women and children, including socially
disadvantageous and excluded groups in the scheme of recovery
Methodology
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Uses primary data
Carried out in the field
Participatory, consultative exercise
Requires understanding of baseline socio-economic conditions
Carries out sample household-level survey based on a questionnaire
Interviews key informants, and
Conducts focus group discussions with the affected communities
PDNA as a Process
PDNA
Recovery and
Reconstruction
Plan
Pre Disaster
Planning
Monitoring
and Evaluation
PDNA = process that integrates interventions in pre-disaster preparedness and
capacity building with post-disaster planning, implementation and monitoring.
PDNA
PDNA = is a continuum from interventions in pre-disaster preparedness and
capacity building to post-disaster planning, implementation and monitoring.
PDNA:
 Informs resilient recovery
 Summarizes the qualitative and quantitative consequences of disaster
 Provides input to identify priority interventions for government,
international community, private sector
 Identifies systemic weaknesses leading to disasters and as such a
prerequisite for designing risk mitigation measures for reconstruction programs
Recovery and Reconstruction Plan
Developing program and project work plans for phases of recovery
activities
 Detailed evaluations and process flows of how projects will be designed,
processed, implemented, and monitored
Monitoring and Evaluation
To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of recovery
programs, a result – based framework should be developed that can capture the
impact of interventions
The system should capture the progress at overall recovery/reconstruction level
and also at the individual program and project levels
The monitoring should look at social impact, economic impact, risk and
vulnerability impact
Methodologies can include SIA, SAM,
Pre-disaster Planning
 Scaling up in-country capacity development including data
preparedness, mobilization procedures, early warning systems,
emergency planning
 Streamlining post-disaster processes – procurement, legal
provisions, etc.
 Establishment of protocols for cooperation
 Refinement the PDNA methodology
 Fostering regional cooperation and community participation
Starting PDNA
 Government request for assistance in assessing the impact of a natural disaster
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Thailand flood, 2011
 Inter-agency communication at national and global level
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BCPR/UNDG, EU HQ, GFDRR/Regions
WB CD, EU Resident, UN Agencies and IFIs with Government
 Rapid financial commitment to facilitate the PDNA
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Funding request to GFDRR
 PDNA planning mission to set the goals and process of the assessment
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PDNA ToR
 Identification of local and international experts for the multi-agencies
assessment team led by the Government staff
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Assessment team by theme
Assessment team by organizations
 Creating the organization and management of the process
PDNA Actors
PDNA Secretariat
(Senior management of
DMA; UN coordinator, EU
resident, WB country rep)
Line ministries, DMAs of
the government
PDNA Actors
Civil society, Private sector,
Technical and Academic
Institutions
UN, EU, WB/GFDRR
( Regional organizations and
development banks, bilateral
donors)
Coordination Mechanism
Core Secretariat consisting of: the government as the lead, the World Bank and the UN.
The core secretariat is supported by the coordination team comprising of experts from
the World Bank, UN, as well as EC, tasked to:
 Complete the identification and confirmation of experts for the PDNA
 Facilitate logistical arrangements of mission activities (venue, field trips),
 Compile background data needed for the PDNA (including existing assessment
reports, Flash Appeal Report, maps, etc.);
 Compile baseline data for the PDNA from the various participating ministries,
 Prepare standard field datasheets for each sub-sector team, in consultation with
experts;
 Review sector outputs and provide guidance in the compilation of the assessment
report;
 Facilitate the high level meeting to present the outcome of the assessment report.
Coordination Team
Technical Expert’s group
Report Secretariat
Post-Disaster PDNA Milestones
Example of Haiti Earthquake – One of the most complex exercise with the strict timeline
Government Request
1 week after disaster
Drafting ToR
Working on Assessment Drafting the Report
2 weeks after disaster
Earthquake: January 12, 2010
3- 5 weeks
6 weeks
Donor Conference, March 31, 2010
The total amount of pledges for 2010 -2013 and beyond added up to $9.9 billion from 59 countries and
international organizations
PDNA Outcome: Ensuring Resilient Recovery
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Including DRR and CCA expertise in the assessment team
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Providing guidance on DRR to sector teams
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Making sure the needs assessment is disaster proofed
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Dedicating a chapter to disaster risk management that analyses the policy
framework, DRM strategies and institutional capacities and needs
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Dedicating a chapter to CCA measures
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Identification & prioritization of Needs; Development of Recovery
Framework
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Implementation Arrangements
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Leveraging Financial Resources