What is Fundamental?
Oleh:
Prof. Abd. Aziz Tajuddin
Dekan Penyelidikan Pelantar Sains Fundamental /
Pengerusi JK Sains Fundamental
Universiti Sains Malaysia
What is Fundamental
Research?
• Research leading to the advancement of
knowledge in the areas of human and
natural sciences
• The research should focus on:
– accumulation of theories
– fundamental structures
– fundamental processes
IMPORTANCE OF
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
• It contributes towards the advancement of
knowledge.
• It leads to new discoveries and
technological inventions in science.
• It is the road to achieving the Nobel
Laureate prize.
Definition of Fundamental
Research
• “A principle (research) which serves as the
groundwork of a system, going to the root
of the matter, serving as a base or
foundation; essential, primary, original
(basic knowledge) from which others are
derived.”
Norazmi Mohd Nor 2002
“Basic Research is the engine that drives
medical advances”
Prof. E.D. Miller
Dean & CEO of John Hopkin’s University School of Medicine
Excellent Fundamental Research produces new knowledge &
ideas
• that change the way people think
• that endure, and
• that are widely used by others
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE, USA
Basic research or fundamental
research (sometimes pure research)
• is research carried out to increase understanding
of fundamental principles. Many times the end
results have no direct or immediate commercial
benefits: basic research can be thought of as
arising out of curiosity. However, in the long term it
is the basis for many commercial products and
applied research. Basic research is mainly carried
out by universities and research institutes though
some commercial companies do get involve at
times.
Curiosity
• To answer the question
WHY?
Curiosity
• Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research
is driven by a scientist's curiosity or
interest in a scientific question. The main
motivation is to expand man's knowledge ,
not to create or invent something. There is
no obvious commercial value to the
discoveries that result from basic
research.
For example, basic science
investigations probe for answers
to questions such as:
• How did the universe begin?
• What are protons, neutrons, and electrons
composed of?
• How do slime molds reproduce?
• What is the specific genetic code of the
fruit fly?
• Most scientists believe that a basic,
fundamental understanding of all branches of
science is needed in order for progress to take
place.
• In other words, basic research lays down the
foundation for the applied science that follows.
If basic work is done first, then applied spin-offs
often eventually result from this research.
• As Dr. George Smoot of LBNL says, "People
cannot foresee the future well enough to predict
what's going to develop from basic research. If
we only did applied research, we would still be
making better spears."
There have been many
historical examples in which
basic research has played a
vital role in the advancement
of scientific knowledge.
Here are just a few important
examples:
Our understanding of genetics and
heredity is largely due to the studies of
Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants in
the 1860's, and the experiments with
fruitflies by T.H. Morgan in the early 20th
century. These organisms were used
because it was easier to design
experiments using pea plants and fruitflies
than using higher forms of life. (Fruitflies
are still being used today in the Human
Genome Project!)
DNA has been called the "ladder of life".
Today, the double-helix structure of DNA is
routinely introduced in middle school life
science classes, but in the early 1950's, the
structure of DNA was still being determined.
Using data gathered from the previous basic
research of other scientists, James Watson
and Francis Crick discovered the structural
design of the DNA molecule in 1953.
Determining DNA's structure was vital to our
understanding of how DNA worked.
•Many of today's electrical devices (e.g.,
radios, generators and alternators) can
trace their roots to the basic research
conducted by Michael Faraday in 1831. He
discovered the principle of electromagnetic
induction, that is, the relationship between
electricity and magnetism.
•At LBNL's Advanced Light Source, x-rays
are used to help us to probe into very tiny
samples of materials. But our understanding
of the properties of x-rays began with the
fundamental experiments of Wilhelm
Rontgen in 1895.
In 1931, Earnest O. Lawrence invented the first
functional cyclotron, a device that would allow
scientists to accelerate atomic particles to incredible
speeds. Soon after, the Berkeley National Laboratory
was established. Subsequent basic research at LBNL
led to the discovery of many radioactive isotopes.
Some of these isotopes -- such as carbon-14, cobalt60, hydrogen-3 (tritium), iodine-131, and technetium99 -- later became vital research tools used by
biologists, paleontologists, and archeologists, or as
aids in the medical treatment of various diseases.
Radio-isotope research at LBNL also included the
creation of 15 of the so-called "heavy" (transuranic)
elements. Albert Ghiorso, co-discoverer of 12 heavy
elements, explains why the pursuit of new manmade
elements is a worthwhile venture.
Each of these scientists
was trying to learn about
the basic nature of the
phenomena that they were
studying. Only today can
we see the vast
implications of their
research!
• The distinction between basic and applied research
isn't always clear. It sometimes depends on your
perspective or point of view. According to Dr. Ashok
Gadgil of LBNL, one way to look at it is to ask the
following question: "How long will it be before some
practical application results from the research ?"
• If a practical use is only a few years away, then the
work can be defined as strictly applied research.
• If a practical use is still 20-50 years away, then the
work is somewhat applied and somewhat basic in
nature.
• If a practical use cannot be envisioned in the
foreseeable future, then the work can be described
as purely basic research.
• For example, for some time now, a fair
amount of research has been underway on
developing fusion reactors to provide a
controlled energy source for cities. There is a
clear applied goal to this work, yet there are
so many technical obstacles to overcome
that it may be another 30 to 50 years before
we see a functional fusion reactor in use.
The development of fusion energy could be
regarded as both basic and applied research.
• Superconductivity is another research area
that falls into this gray zone. Most conductors of
electricity are not very efficient; some energy is
lost as heat as the electricity passes through the
(typically metallic) conductor. Superconductors
are materials that lose little or no energy as
electricity passes through them. However, the
earliest superconductors had to be cooled with
expensive liquid helium to temperatures below 269 C to work properly. Newer materials have
been developed in recent years that show
superconductive properties at much warmer
temperatures, requiring only inexpensive liquid
nitrogen to be sufficiently cooled.
• Clearly, the development of new
superconductive materials falls into the realm
of basic research. However, if and when
superconductive materials are developed
that can be used as easily as copper wire,
many important practical applications will
soon follow, including providing electricity to
cities much more efficiently.
A proposal to do fundamental research in the arts and
social sciences must reflect the following elements:
• Strong, clear and explicit theoretical underpinning
• distinguishable from research that is purely applied in
nature
• an empirical component that is clearly directed at
exploring the theoretical concerns of the research
• having the ultimate aim of revisiting, reconstructing, or
building new theoretical, conceptual or paradigmatic
knowledge bases in the arts and social sciences
FRGS FASA 1 / 2010
• 31 Disember, 2009
Latar Belakang/Sejarah
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) telah memperuntukkan
dana sebanyak RM 200 juta di bawah Rancangan Malaysia
ke-Sembilan (RMK-9) bagi melaksanakan Skim Geran
Penyelidikan Fundamental IPTA (FRGS) untuk diagihkan
kepada institusi – institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA).
Terdapat dua bentuk geran yang boleh dipohon di bawah
FRGS iaitu:(i) Projek-projek yang dipohon oleh penyelidik melalui
kepada Pengurusan Penyelidikan di IPTA masingmasing;
(ii) Projek-projek yang dikenalpasti oleh pihak
jawatankuasa Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental secara
Top Down.
Inception of FRGS Grant
• RM100 million grant has been given to
MoE to promote fundamental research and
was mentioned RM200 millions under RM9
for MOHE.
• RM32 millions has been distributed to
IPTAs.
• USM has received RM3 million for this
purpose in 2002 and RM4 millions
in 2003 out of which RM1 millions has been
allocated top-down and RM7.8 millions for
2006
Objektif
•Penyelidikan Fundamental merupakan penyelidikan
asas yang dilakukan untuk tempoh satu jangka masa,
berterusan dan tidak menghasilkan manfaat dalam
jangka masa yang singkat.
•Penyelidikan ini juga bertujuan untuk menggalakkan
penerokaan idea/ konsep/ teori baru yang
seterusnya akan menjadi pemangkin kepada
penemuan baru, perkembangan ilmu dan
penciptaan yang inovatif dan terkini.
Demarcation: basic/fundamental versus
applied research:
• not at all clear cut
• inextricably inter-twined
• hybrid of new knowledge generation and
subsequent exploitation
• major innovation - rarely possible without prior
generation of new knowledge founded on basic
research
• strong scientific discipline + strong collation =
generation of knowledge and application
Basic/Fundamental Science
Value/definition of basic scientific research:
• fundamental theoretical or experimental
investigative research to advance investigative
research to advance knowledge without a
specifically envisaged or immediately practical
application
• the quest for new knowledge and the exploration
of the unknown
• naively perceived as unnecessary luxury that
can simply replaced by applied research top
more directly address immediate need
Retard basic research = stifle innovation and
application New scientific knowledge :
•
•
•
•
fostering innovation & economic growth
sound foundation for education and training
Investment in basic research (ARGUEABLY) :
why not focus primarily / exclusively on the
existing information to develop applied solution ?
• superficially (such approach) facilitated by the
emergence of global society (internet access)
• merit for a short-term (may be)?
•
•
•
•
Neglecting basic and applied research is seriously
flawed! WHY?
Basic & Applied Research: a continuum and
interdependent
integration of B&A research is crucial to problem
solving, innovation, and product development
Knowledge is more than information – transfer of
scientific knowledge requires well – trained
(cognitive capability, skills and training) scientists at
both ends of the exchange
excessive dependency on foreign B&A research
rarely likely lead to solving local problems
Charting future research:
Globalization and participation
“…a country with no basic scientific research
capacity effectively excludes itself from having
any real influence on the future directions of
science…”
Why??
Antarctica
Global knowledge economy:
• Thriving scientific community to generate
new knowledge and to exploit (academia
and industry – irrefutable)
• Exploitation and application of scientific
information requires skilled scientists with
good understanding of the basic theories
and practice of science
• Adequate investment in Basic&Applied
research is critical
•
WHY???
“… support for basic science is not
something that can be postponed or
diminished when times are hard in the
misplaced hope that applied research
alone will provide a better return…”
ICSU2004
Bidang Penyelidikan
Bidang-bidang keutamaan bagi Penyelidikan Fundamental ialah:A. Sains Tulen
B. Sains Gunaan
C. Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan
D. Sains Perubatan (termasuk kajian klinikal)
E. Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan
F. Sastera dan Sastera Ikhtisas
G. Natural Sciences and National Heritage (Geologi,
Arkeologi,Taxonomi, Biodiversiti, Ekologi dll)
Kriteria Pemilihan
Setiap permohonan Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental harus memenuhi
kriteria seperti berikut:(i) Penyelidikan yang dipohon merupakan projek yang dapat
menghasikan sesuatu idea baru yang akan dapat
membangunkan satu penyelidikan yang lain.
(ii) Penyelidikan yang merangkumi isu-isu kemanusiaan dan
sains sosial bagi tujuan peningkatan nilai kehidupan sejagat.
(iii) Penyelidikan yang akan dapat menambahbaik sesuatu
polisi dan metodologi penyelesaian yang sedia ada.
(iv) Projek penyelidikan yang merupakan niche IPTA serta
projek-projek strategik negara (national interest) yang mampu
membangun sesuatu industri bagi kepentingan negara.
RESULTS OF FIRST
EXCERCISE
2002
Statistics of Applications (2002)
•A total of 174
applications from 21
Schools, Centers
and Units were
received.
Detailed Results
Number of approved
applications
Number of projects
rejected
Percentage of Success
Amount of money
disbursed
63
111
~57%
RM4,929,026
Results Of Second
Exercise
( 2003)
Statistics of
Applications
• A total of 128
applications from 26
Schools, Centers and
Units were received
Detailed Results (2003)
Number of Approved Applications
Number of Projects rejected
36
(RM3,015,458.00)
25
(RM2,410,775.69)
59
Number of Conditional Approval
8 (RM751,515.00)
Number of KIV cases
Percentage of Success
Amount of Money Disbursed
28%
RM 3,015,458.00
Results Of MOHE
Exercise
( 2006)
FRGS FASA I / 2006
PERMOHONAN FRGS YANG DITERIMA DAN DIPROSES
Bil
Perkara
Jumlah Keseluruhan
1.
Jumlah Permohonan
Diterima
180
2.
Jumlah Permohonan
Diperakui Peringkat
Jawatankuasa FRGS
144
3.
Jumlah Permohonan
Ditolak
35
4.
Geran FRGS Top Down
1
5.
Jumlah Permohonan
Dihantar Ke Kementerian
Pengajian Tinggi
145
Keputusan Permohonan FRGS
2006
Peruntukan yang diluluskan oleh KPT
Jenis Projek
Peruntukan Lulus (RM)
Projek-projek dalam kategori A - D
7,932,025.54
TOP-DOWN
4,039,780.00
Kategori A (Highly Recommended)
Bilangan
Pusat Pengajian
Bilangan
Penerima
1.
Ilmu Kemanusiaan
6
2.
Ilmu Pendidikan
3
3.
IPPT
1
4.
ISDEV
2
5.
Kajian Samudera & Pantai
1
6.
Kejuruteraan Aeroangkasa
1
7.
Kejuruteraan Awam
1
8.
Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
5
9.
Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik
2
10.
Kejuruteraan Kimia
8
11.
Pengurusan
3
12.
Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan
2
13.
Sains Farmasi
2
14.
Sains Kajihayat
5
15.
Sains Kemasyarakatan
1
16.
Sains Kesihatan
2
17.
Sains Kimia
14
18.
Sains Perubatan
2
19.
Teknologi Industri
2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN
63
Kategori B (Recommended)
Bilangan
Pusat Pengajian
Bilangan Penerima
1.
Sains kimia
2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN
2
Kategori C (Pembudayaan Penyelidikan)
Bilangan
Pusat Pengajian
Bilangan Penerima
1.
Bah. Pembangunan Koporat & Lestari
1
2.
Ilmu Kemanusiaan
5
3.
ISDEV
1
4.
Kajian Samudera & Pantai
1
5.
Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
2
6.
Kejuruteraan Kimia
1
7.
Kejuruteraan mekanik
1
8.
Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
3
9.
Pengurusan
3
10 .
Penyelidikan & Pembangunan Wanita
1
11 .
Sains Farmasi
3
12 .
Sains Fizik
3
13.
Sains Kajihayat
13
14 .
Sains Kimia
2
15 .
Sains Komputer
3
16.
Sains Matematik
14
17 .
Sains Perubatan
7
18 .
Teknologi Industri
2
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN
66
Kategori D (Not Fundamental)
Bilangan
Pusat Pengajian
Bilangan Penerima
1.
Kajian Samudera & Pantai
1
2.
Pendidikan jarak jauh
1
3.
Sains Kajihayat
2
4.
Sains Kesihatan
1
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN
5
Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun
FASA
Bilangan Permohonan
Yang Diluluskan
Jumlah Peruntukan
Yang Diluluskan
(RM)
2006
138
8,956,069.12
2007
182
12,905,820.00
2008
27
2,536,516.00
2009
13
579,270.00
JUMLAH
KESELURUHAN
360
24,977,675.12
Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun
FASA
Bilangan Permohonan
Yang Diluluskan
Jumlah Peruntukan
Yang Diluluskan
(RM)
2002
63
4,929,026.00
2003
36
3,015,458.00
20062009
360
24,977,675.12
JUMLAH
KESELURUHAN
459
32,922,159.12
GUIDE TO
WRITING
FRGS
APPLICATION
Contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Research background
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
Importance & Benefits of Research
Project costs & Tips on preparing budget
Overall Tips
Evaluation criteria
Tailor your research such that it
deals with solving problem at the
fundamental level
This is very important
What studies constitute
Fundamental Level Research?
• Physics/Engineering
-atomic, electronic, molecular, atomic
bonding, thermodynamic, material
responses, interaction, transition.
• Biology/Medicine/Pharmacy
-cells, biological mechanism, genes,
protein/nucleic acid interaction, neuron
activity, cell activation.
What studies constitute
Fundamental Level Research?
• Chemistry-related fields
-synthesis (chemical interaction), structural
behavior, electronics, atomic, ions,
molecules, molecular properties.
• Mathematics
-pure mathematical theories.
Research Background
• Remember that you are not writing a thesis.
• Must be brief, yet thorough enough to support
the need for the project
• Show you have done a thorough literature
search. A background description must
include:
– whether a similar study has been done before? If
so, where, how, & what were the findings
– state your rationale for conducting the current
project
– Give references
• Must indicate potential for success
Research Background (cont.)
• Do not reinvent the wheel
• Make sure its impact-oriented or it
leads to an advancement of
knowledge
• Be innovative
Objectives
• Specific objectives are important since it
relates to the milestone achievements
of the project.
• Objectives set could be carried out
within the duration of the grant.
Objectives (cont.)
• Use result-oriented words, e.g.,
– To define …
– To classify …
– To determine …
– To assess …
– To develop …
Example of FR (Physics)
• To develop a new mathematical formalism
to explain/understand a certain physical
phenomenon.
• To understand and classify a new phase
transition in a material.
Example of FR (Medical
Sciences)
• To identify the cytokines secreted by Th1
and Th2 cell subsets.
• To determine the role of macrophage in
artherosclerosis.
Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)
• Pengelompokan leksikostatistik bahasabahasa bumiputera di Sarawak
• On defining the model of spatial
distribution and diffusion of Melanau
Language family along Rejang-Baram
rivers
• Sistem bacaan USM
• The psychoragraphic clusters of Malaysian
domestic travellers
Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)
• Developing a model of flood hazards on
urban floodplains in Malaysia
• Toward a nurturant-task model of
leadership in Malaysia: a contingency
approach
Example of FR (Pendidikan)
• Kajian pembinaan dan pentaksiran
kerangka kepekaan nombor murid sekolah
rendah tahap 1
• Tahap kefahaman Bahasa Melayu muridmurid sekolah rendah
• Learning English in rural secondary
schools: difficulties, learning styles,
strategies and motivation
• Interaction model in video conferencing
learning environment in distance
education
Example of FR (Pendidikan)
• Tahap penguasaan kemahiran menulis
dalam Bahasa Melayu melalui Kurikulum
Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR)
Example of FR (Sastera)
• Tapak Bukit Bunuh Lenggong Perak –
sumbangan kepada kebudayaan paleolitik
dunia
• Prehistoric trade, exchange and culture
contact between Bukit Tengkorak and
other sites in South East Asia and the
Pacific Region
Methodology
• Include relevant details :
– What do you plan to do to achieve the
research objectives?
– How, when & why?
– Study location
– Sample size / number of tests to be done
– Need approval from govt. ministries? Attach
an approval letter.
• Provide a timetable & flow-chart of your
research design
Methodology (cont’d)
• State the logical progression of the work towards
fulfilling the objectives
• State your end-points/milestones of the project,
& when you plan to achieve them
• Milestones are important since they are used in
monitoring progress of projects
• State the risk and duration of the project
Expected Outcome
• Define clearly the expected results.
• Examples for Physics:
– Development of a new mathematical
formalism for a dipole switching process
– Classification of a new phase transition
• Examples for Medical Sciences:
– Identification of cytokines secreted by Th1
and Th2 cells
– Understanding the role of macrophage in
artherosclerosis
Importance and Benefits of
Research
• Explain how your proposed research contributes to the
advancement of new knowledge.
• Examples:
– Leads to a better understanding of the subject involved
– The research findings lead to an explanation of a
certain process that has never been clearly explained
before
• Example for physics: it leads to a discovery of a new type
of phase transition in a material
• Example for medical sciences: it leads to a better
understanding of T cell function
Project Costs (New guidelines)
• Prepare proposed project
costing for 36 month duration.
• Proposed budget must not
exceed RM100,000 per year
for MOHE FRGS. USM RU
RM250k/RM1(team)/RM5m
(cluster)
Tips on Preparing Budget
• Put items in their right vote.
– Conference fees in vote 29000
• Please itemize all proposed items in each vote.
– Specify conferences to attend i.e. national or international.
– If chemicals are needed, append a complete list.
– Be specific about items/equipments proposed under vote
35000.
• Name the required software e.g. MATHEMATICA,PLOTIT
etc.
• Clearly describe each equipment. The best is to provide
justification for each. E.g. Why PC or notebook is required?
Tips on Preparing Budget
(cont.)
• Guideline on quantum of RM for
certain votes and popular items:
–Read the instructions properly
because they keep on changing
it from phase to phase due to
constructive feedbacks
Overall Tips to Increase Your
Chances of Success
• Include a milestone list in your
application
• Give a Gantt chart in line with
your milestone list
• Please include your latest version
CV and CV’s of your coresearchers
Evaluation Criteria
• The research is FUNDAMENTAL
• Applicants must have good research track records:
publications & previous findings.
• Are young academic staff encouraged to apply?
Special consideration will be given based
on the viability of the project.
• Research leader and team capability.
• Viability of research plan.
• The budget proposed must be reasonable.
• Utilization of existing / available infrastructure.
FRGS 2002 - 2005
Statistik Permohonan Berjaya
•
99 permohonan FRGS daripada 19 Pusat Pengajian dan Pusat
Penyelidikan telah diluluskan dengan peruntukan sebanyak RM 6 juta.
18
18
16
14
B
il. P
erm
o
h
o
n
an
14
14
12
11
10
8
6
5
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
4
3
2
1
0
Pusat Pengajian/Pusat Penyelidikan
Kejuruteraan Awam
Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan
Kejuruteraan Mekanik
Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
Sains Farmasi
Ilmu Pendidikan
Kejuruteraan Kimia
Pendidikan Jarak Jauh
Sains Kimia
Sains Perubatan, Kesihatan dan Pergigian
Pengurusan
Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi
Sains Fiz ik
Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik
Sains Komputer
Ilmu Kemanusiaan
Teknologi Industri
Sains Biologi
Sains Matematik
OUTPUT FRGS 2002-2005
Siswazah Penyelidik
PhD
MSc
PraSiswazah
11
37
60
Penerbitan
Jurnal ISI
Jurnal Lain
52
41
“FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AT USM
2002-2005”
FRGS FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN
KESELURUHAN FRGS
FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS FASA 1/2006
LAPORAN KESELURUHAN
SEHINGGA 31 DIS 2007
ISI Index Journal
TM
ISI Non Index Journal
U
AS
UP
SI
IM
P
UD
M
US
IM
UT
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UN
M
UM
UU
M
S
AP
M
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UI
AM
UP
M
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
2
1
2
2
5
11
10
8
22
15
16
28
21
23
30
23
16
10
6
2
0
UT
H
UN
T
Ui
TM
UM
M
40
33
40
U
KM
20
21
231
240
U
US
M
NUMBER OF ARTICLES
BIL
260
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
IPTA
N
U
D
M
SI
M
I
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
8
6
8
5
25
27
28
43
41
45
INTERNATIONAL
U
PS
M
P
S
0
U
U
IM
A
Te
M
M
14
11
19
24
50
85
87
93
116
124
140
U
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10
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20
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12
40
U
N
M
T
M
30
U
U
IA
69
70
U
TM
54
60
U
M
50
47
100
U
SM
90
87
103
120
U
M
110
PM
K
130
U
U
PAPER PRESENTATIONS
BIL
NATIONAL
80
IPTA
FRGS FASA 1/2006
PEMBANGUNAN
MODAL INSAN
(Sehingga 31 Disember 2007)
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
PhD STUDENT
BIL
120
105
110
100
87
90
80
70
60
51
50
44
43
40
30
22
18
20
10
6
1
2
13
3
1
0
9
8
0
7
0
20
0
20
20
10
00
00
00
00
DM
U
SI
M
U
Te
M
U
NI
M
AS
U
UM
U
PS
I
U
M
P
U
M
TH
U
M
T
U
M
S
U
NI
M
AP
iT
M
U
M
U
IA
M
U
TM
GRADUATED
U
ON GOING
U
PM
U
KM
U
U
SM
0
IPTA
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
MSc STUDENT
BIL
ON GOING
140
GRADUATED
129
130
115
120
110
100
90
83
80
70
62
56
60
50
42
40
28
30
20
10
26
12
8
37
34
7
3
4
23
2
22
3
44
3
4
0
3
10
0
00
00
00
00
0
DM
U
SI
M
U
NI
M
AS
U
Te
M
U
UM
U
PS
I
U
M
P
U
M
TH
U
iT
M
U
NI
M
AP
U
M
S
U
M
IA
U
M
T
U
M
U
TM
U
SM
U
KM
U
U
PM
IPTA
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
Undergraduate Final Year Project
BIL
150
140
140
130
115
120
110
100
90
83
80
70
62
56
60
46
50
42
40
28
30
37
34
26
20
12
10
7
3
4
23
22
3
2
44
3
4
3
0
10
0
0
3
00
00
00
GRADUATED
M
D
U
SI
M
Te
M
U
N
U
U
S
IM
A
M
U
U
PS
I
U
M
P
U
M
iT
M
TH
U
N
U
ON GOING
U
P
IM
A
M
S
U
M
IA
U
M
T
U
M
U
U
TM
SM
U
M
K
U
U
PM
0
IPTA
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
Temporary Research
BIL
130
117
120
110
100
91
90
80
70
64
56
60
53
48
50
40
32
30
31
24
20
9
10
19
17
14
9
6
5
6
15
5
12
4
11
2
2
0
5
23
4
1
01
10
00
SI
M
U
U
D
M
I
PS
U
M
P
Te
M
U
N
U
U
S
IM
A
M
U
U
U
TH
M
P
IM
A
N
M
T
M
S
U
U
Temporary Research Officer
Temporary Research Assistant
U
U
iT
M
TM
U
M
U
SM
U
M
IA
U
M
K
U
U
PM
0
IPTA
PERATUS PERBELANJAAN PERUNTUKAN FRGS FASA 1/2006
IPTA
BIL
PERATUS PERBELANJAAN
(%)
1
UPM
30.64
2
USM
33.24
3
UKM
30.19
4
UiTM
36.66
5
UTM
43.74
6
UM
56.82
7
UIAM
28.49
8
UMT
50.55
9
UMS
45.16
10
UNIMAP
54.12
11
UTHM
23.27
12
UNIMAS
52.5
13
UUM
39.33
14
UMP
37.44
15
UPSI
39.96
16
UTEM
58.29
17
USIM
0
18
UDM
74.81
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN
40.85
M
IPTA
M
SI
M
TH
U
U
M
KM
PM
IA
U
U
SM
0
0
36.66
37.44
33.24
23.27
28.29
30.19
50.55
52.5
43.74
39.96
57
54.12
45.16
39.33
30.64
30
U
M
P
iT
M
U
U
U
UM
PS
I
TM
40
U
U
U
M
S
M
T
50
U
U
NI
M
AP
U
NI
M
AS
U
58.29
60
U
Te
M
DM
74.81
80
U
U
PERATUS (%)
PERATUSAN PERBELANJAAN
100
90
70
20
10
Observations and Findings :
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Complete and clear in terms of objectives, methodology and
expected out-and comply with the definition of FR
Not clear and could not be classified as FR
Complete and clear in terms of objective, methodology and
expected out-put, but could not be classified as FR
Satisfy the equipments but the proposed budget is too high –
the committee recommended for other sources of funding
(MOSTI)
Do not satisfy the requirements as the proposals more
inclined towards applied research in nature
Incomplete application forms – partly due to the nature of
assessment conducted at the respective IPTAs
Observations and findings (cont.): more specific-not
recommended:
g) Nature of projects more on monitoring and survey type
h) Already at the product development stage
i) Incomplete of application form including detailed costing
j) No endorsement from the authority (e.g. RMC or DVC)
k) Classified under different field and category
Way Forward:
Recommendations for the future improvement
a) Niche areas considered as top-down projects;
natural history issue (biodiversity, taxonomy,
ecology, archaeology and geology)
b) Those projects (a) should be given a priority
c) Pure and applied sciences should be further
subdivided or categorized – physical, biological,
biochemical, environmental, mathematical,
bioprocess and chemical processing
http://www.usm.my/r&d/download.htm
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