1. No category

What is in the OBC SB-10 Update?
The Ontario Architects Association Perspective
Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use in New Buildings
1
Introduction
OBC Introduced SB-10 in 2007
Prescribed minimum energy performance

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
MNECB-1997 + ASHRAE 90.1-2004
Update published in July 2011, effective Jan 2012
Implementation of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 + ASHRAE
189.1-2009 envelope values
Three methods of compliance
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Performance (3 baselines in performance)
Prescriptive + envelope trade-off
Prescriptive
Today will focus on prescriptive path

2
OBC Compliance Paths
Today’s
Focus
OBC Compliance
90.1 Prescriptive +
Chapter 2
90.1-2010
+ Chapter 2
90.1 + Chapter 2
Mandatories
25% Less than
MNECB
MNECB Mandatories
Energy Modeling
against MNECB
prescriptive
90.1 Mandatories
Energy modeling
against 90.1
prescriptive
5% Less than 90.1
2010
10
Energy modeling
against 90.1 +
Chapter 2
prescriptive
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 / SB-10 Prescriptive
Path

Outlines minimum performance parameters for:

Wall, Roofs, Windows elements etc.
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11
Prescriptive and performance paths for insulation
Weighted U-value allowed for some trade-offs within element type
Envelope Trade-off calculations required for trade-offs across element
types
Maximum fenestration-to-wall ratio 40%
Installed lighting power density
Receptacle requirements
Labeling (insulation, fenestration)
HVAC plant minimum performance requirements (boilers, chillers)
HVAC distribution performance requirements (fans, pumps)
etc
90.1 Adoption as Building Code


Most widely adopted building energy standard in North
America
British Columbia


Vancouver


90.1-2004
90.1-2007
Ontario

12
90.1-2010 +
189.1-2009
envelope
90.1 History of Energy Improvements
13
Energy Use of All Buildings – By Age of Construction
Zero energy buildings by
year 3300
Total Energy Intensity (ekWh/m²)
500
400
300
200
100
0
Before 1920
1920-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
1980-1989
Year building was contructed
1990-1999
2000-2004
Ref: Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use, NRCAN 2005
14
90.1-2010 Section 3

Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms

OK sounds boring… BUT

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How to interpret RATED R-VALUE
How to interpret SPANDREL
How to interpret METAL ROOF
How to interpret ADOPTING AUTHORITY
How to interpret BASELINE BUILDING DESIGN
How to interpret ATTIC ROOF
How to interpret SKYLIGHT
How to interpret FENESTRATION AREA
How to interpret F-FACTOR, U-FACTOR, C-FACTOR
How to interpret CONTINUOUS INSULATION!
AND LOTS OF OTHER STUFF!
Read this section! (hint spandrel, U-factor, Continuous
Insulation)

15
FYI: Spandrel sucks!
90.1-2010 Section 4

Administration and Enforcement

Interpretations, claims of exemption and rights of appear are
specified by the authority having jurisdiction
Conflict with other laws, codes etc, to be determined by
authority having jurisdiction
Normative Appendices are considered a part of the standard

Interpretations can be asked directly to ASHRAE
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16
Informal or
Formal
90.1 Section 5
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90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions
17
90.1 – Air Barriers / Vestibules

5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier



Clearly identified or otherwise
noted on construction
documents for each assembly
The joints, interconnections and
penetrations shall be detailed
or otherwise noted
5.4.3.1.A. Air Barrier Materials,
Assemblies and Systems

18
(1) The air barrier materials,
assemblies and systems that are
in conformance with Part 5 of
Division B of the Building Code
shall be deemed to be in
compliance with Sentence
5.4.3.1.3 and Sentence 5.4.3.2.

5.4.3.4 Shall have vestibules,
exceptions:

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
Building entrances with
revolving doors
Doors not intended to be a
building entrance
Doors opening directly from a
dwelling unit
Building is less than 90 m²
Doors separate from the
building entrance that open
unto a space under 280 m²
Division 3 Chapter 2 Revision

Mandatories insulation details introduced from MNECB
1997
5.5.3.5.1 Slabs
19
5.5.3.5.2 Continuity
of Insulation
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal
Bridging Can be Ignored for….

5.5.3.7/8 For the purposes of
Section 5, the effects of thermal
bridging are waived for:
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20
continuous steel shelf angles (or
similar structural element) used to
support the building facade
provided there is a thermal break
structural connections of load
bearing elements where a thermal
break cannot be achieved
exposed structural projections of
buildings where the total crosssectional area of the exposed
element does not exceed 2%
ties in masonry construction,
flashing, and
top exposed portion of foundation
walls provided the exposure does
not exceed 200 mm
90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope
Climate Definitions
Climate Zone Definitions for Ontario
Zone Number
Thermal Criteria
Zone 5
HDD18 < 4000
Zone 6
4000 < HDD18 < 5000
Zone 7
HDD18 > 5000
If space is electrically heated, then
ALWAYS use Zone 7
21
90.1 Chapter 5
Space Conditioning Categories


90.1 Section 5.5
Comply with Tables
(SB5.5-5 thru -7)


Minimum RATED R-values
of insulation
Maximum U-Factor, CFactor or F-Factor


Appendix A tables
Appendix A9 calculations

22
2-D calculations (e.g. Therm)
90.1 Chapter 5 How to Use Envelope Tables

Determine Climate Zone


5, 6 or 7
Determine space
conditioning category

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
Determine envelope
category

Roof

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23
Insulation above deck
Metal Building
Attic & other
Walls above grade

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Non-Residential
Residential
Semi-heated
Mass
Metal Building
Steel-framed
Wood-framed & other
Etc.

Today’s examples will be:


Climate Zone 6
Non-Residential
90.1 Chapter 5 – Building Envelope Requirements
Climate Zone 5 (SB-10 revisions)
24
90.1 Section 5 – Above Grade Wall
Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

Steel Framed Wall: Includes curtain-wall / window-wall
spandrel panel
25
26
ASHRAE Appendix A Steel-Frame Walls
27
ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly
U/C/F-Factor Look-up Tables

Roofs
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A2.2 Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above
Deck
A2.3 Metal Building Roofs
A2.4 Attic Roofs with Wood Joists
A2.4.2 Single Rafter Roofs
A2.5 Attic Roofs with Steel Joists
Walls
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A3.1A Above-Grade Concrete Walls and
Masonry Walls
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28
A3.1B U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC
for Concrete
A3.1C U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC
for Concrete Block Walls
A3.1D Effective R-Values for
Insulation/Framing Layers Added to
Above/Below Grade Mass Wall
A3.2 Metal Building Walls
A3.3 Steel-Frame Walls
A3.4 Wood-Frame Walls
A4.2 Below Grade Walls
Exposed Floors
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A5.2 Mass Floors
A5.3 Steel Joist Floors
A5.4 Wood Joist Floors
Slab on Grade Floors

A6.3 Slab on Grade Floors
Metal Cladding with Z-Girts
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29
13 mm drywall
102 mm steel stud @ 400
mm oc
13 mm exterior sheathing
102 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with semirigid
Metal siding
Metal Cladding with Z-Girts
Nominal R-15
Actual R-8.6
30
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.116 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Metal Cladding with Orthogonal Z-Girts and
Spray Foam
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31
13 mm drywall
102 mm steel stud @ 400
mm oc
13 mm exterior sheathing
51 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with spray
foam
51 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with spray
foam
Metal siding
Metal Cladding with X Z-Girts and Spray
Foam
Nominal R-24
Actual R-21
32
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.048 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Spandrel ??
Nominal R-14
Actual R-4.0
33
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.250 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Spandrel will be challenging (condensation?)
With 1” XPS interior insulation
Nominal
R-19
Actual
R-9.1
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.11 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
With 2” XPS interior insulation
Nominal
R-24
Actual
R-14.2
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.070 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
34
90.1 Section 5 – Maximum Fenestration
Area

5.5.4.2.1 Vertical
Fenestration Area

35
The total vertical
fenestration area shall be
less than 40% of the gross
wall area
Perhaps this is the reason why?
R3
R2
Modern
R4
Old
36
Glass and the Walls they’re in…
- John Straube
37
90.1 Section 5 Fenestration Orientation

5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation

“South” Fenestration Area must greater or equal to “west” and
“east”
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
Exceptions for nearly any site restrictions
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38
As ≥ Aw and As ≥ Ae
Topography, adjacent structures within 6 meters
Exceptions for 5.5.4.4.1 (street side fenestration)
90.1 Section 5 – Fenestration Requirements
(SB-10 revisions)
39
Window heat loss
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Flanking (and
installation)
Frame
Edge of Glass
Centre of Glass
40
Curtain Wall Plan View
glazing
system
U-value
90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration
Performance

5.8.2 Vertical Fenestration U-Factors & SHGC shall be
determined in accordance with:
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41
Standard NRFC 100 or
CSA-A440.2 or
90.1-2010 Table A8.2 – not recommended!
90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration
Performance

FramePlus Online

Can be used for estimating
whole window
performance


Not for compliance!
http://tools.enermodal.com
/webframeplus
42
FramePlus Online Curtain-Wall
Performance
Curtain Wall System U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
0.50
Fenestration System U-value
0.45
0.40
Climate Zone 5 & 6
0.35
0.30
Climate Zone 7
0.25
0.20
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.15
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
43
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Curtain Wall Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
16
18
20
FramePlus Online Punched Alum Window
Performance
Punched Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
0.50
Climate Zone 5 & 6
Fenestration System U-value
0.45
0.40
Climate Zone 7
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.15
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
44
16
18
20
FramePlus Online Casement/Awning Alum
Window Performance
Casement/Awning Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
Fenestration System U-value
0.60
0.50
Climate Zone 5 & 6
0.40
Climate Zone 7
0.30
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.20
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
45
8
9
10
90.1 Section 5 Envelope Trade-Offs within
Prescriptive Path – Area Weighted

Area weighted U / C / F factors within

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Class of construction and
Space conditioning category
Can trade off:

Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls with
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Attic / Non-Residential Roof with
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Attic / Non-Residential Roof
Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential with

46
Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls
Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential
Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Area
Weighted U-Factor
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
50,700
50,700
59,400
U-Factor
31.5%
0.154
31.5%
0.055
37.0%
Uavg
0.104
Ravg
9.576
Reff
6.5
18.2
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
50,700
50,700
59,400
U-Factor
0.154
31.5%
31.5%
0
37.0%
Uavg
0.077
Ravg 13.000
Reff
6.5
Infinite!
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
25,300
76,100
59,400
U-Factor
15.7%
0.154
47.3%
0.022
37.0%
Uavg
0.055
Ravg 18.195
Reff
6.5
45.5
U-Factor Target for Steel Frames Walls: 0.055
47
Envelope Trade-Offs within Prescriptive
Path – Building Envelope Trade-off

90.1 Section 5.6

comply with:

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
5.1General
5.4 Mandatories
5.7 Submittals
5.8 Product information and
installation requirements
the envelope performance factor
is less than or equal to budget
building

Appendix C calculations


Software Tool: ComCheck

48
Do not try this at home!
OBC version being developed
ComCheck Software (Version 3.9.1 Shown)


OBC Version being developed
Exceeding 60% fenestration will still be a challenge with
only envelope trade-offs
49
Complying with Prescriptive Envelope:
Building Envelope Trade-Off: Wall Insulation
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
50,700
50,700
59,400
31.5%
31.5%
37.0%
U-Factor
0.154
0.055
Reff
6.5
18.2
-7% below code
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
50,700
50,700
59,400
31.5%
31.5%
37.0%
U-Factor
0.154
0
Reff
6.5
Infinite!
-2% below code
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
160,800
25,350
76,050
59,400
15.7%
47.3%
37.0%
U-Factor
0.154
0.036
Reff
6.5
28
+0.1% above
code
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
50
160,800
33,800
67,600
59,400
21.0%
42%
37.0%
U-Factor
0.154
0.022
+0.1% above
code
Reff
6.5
45.5
Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Building
Envelope Trade-Off: Walls and Punched Window
Envelope
W1 Steel Frame
Code Punched Window
160,800
80,400
80,400
U-Factor
50%
0.055
0.45
50%
-5% below
code
Reff
18.2
Envelope
W1 Steel Frame
Code Punched Window
160,800
80,400
80,400
U-Factor
50%
0.011
0.45
50%
+0.1% above
code
Reff
91
Envelope
W1 Steel Frame
Hi-Perf Double Punched
Window
160,800
56,250
35%
104,550
65%
Envelope
W1 Spandrel
Super Windows (3pl)
51
160,800
8,000
153,000
U-Factor
0.055
Reff
18.2
0.32
+0.1% above
code
U-Factor
5%
0.154
95%
0.22
+2% above
code
Reff
6.5
Building Envelope Compliance Summary
FWR
Prescriptive
Weighted
U-Value /
SHGC
Envelope
Trade-Off
Whole
Building
Energy Model
≤40%
≤40%
≤40% in baseline
≤40% in baseline
Compared to
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
Compared to
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7 and
HVAC / Electrical
prescriptive
targets
Fenestration
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
Walls
Roof
52
and within same
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
assembly type
and
conditioned
space
90.1 Section 6:


90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions

53
Mostly just Canadian
Standards
HVAC Section 6 Heating/Cooling
Peformance

Mandatory


54
Minimum
Equipment
Efficiencies Tables
6.8.1 A-K
Equipment not
regulated by
NAECA shall have
permanent label
stating compliance
with 90.1
Equipment
Air Conditioners
Heat Pumps
Minimum Efficiency
COP 3.2 – 3.8
COPc >3.2
COPh > 2.2
Chillers
Air Cooled COP IPLV > 3.6
Reciprocating COP IPLV > 5.6
Centrifugal COP IPLV > 5.9
Furnaces
> 78% AFUE or
> 80% thermal efficiency
Boilers
Heat Rejection
under 88 kW / 300 MBH 80%
Over 733 kW / 2500 MBH 82%
Axial Fan Open-circuit >3.23 L/(s-kW)
Centrifugal Fan Open-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)
Axial Fan Closed-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)
Centrifugal Fan Closed-circuit 0.59 L/(s-kW)
90.1 Section 6 – Variable Fan/Pump
Control

6.5.3.2.1 All Fan motors > 7.4 kW / 10 hp shall have one
of:




Variable speed drive
Variable pitch blades (axial fans)
Other controls capable of achieving 30% energy consumption
at 50% design flow
6.5.4.1 Systems having a total pump system power greater
than 7.5 kW / 10 hp shall be variable speed

55
Differential pressure transducer located where greatest
pressure difference will occur
90.1 Section 6 – Exhaust Air Heat Recovery


50% energy recovery
required for most multizone systems
Exempt if



56
the largest single source of
exhaust is less than 75% of
O/A rate
More than 60% of outdoor
air heating from site solar
or site recovered energy
Operates less than
20 hr/week
% Outdoor Air at
Full Design
Airflow Rate
Design Supply Air
Flow Rate
≥ 30% and < 40%
> 2596 L/s
> 5500
CFM
≥ 40% and < 50%
> 2124 L/s
> 4500
CFM
≥ 50% and < 60%
> 1652 L/s
> 3500
CFM
≥ 60% and < 70%
> 944 L/s
> 2000
CFM
≥ 70% and < 80%
> 472 L/s
> 1000
CFM
>0
>0
> 80%
90.1 Section 7


90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions


Canadian Standards
7.4.5.2 Heated exterior
public pools and public spas
shall be equipped with a
pool cover

57
Unless 60% of their annual
heating from site-recovered
or solar sources
90.1 Section 8

8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle
Control


For private offices, open office
and computer classrooms
50% of receptacles shall have
either




58
Occupancy sensors
On a schedule to turn off
during unoccupied hours
Any other means to ensure
power is turned off during
unoccupied hours
Exceptions where it can be
shown that equipment needs
to be on continuously
90.1 Section 9

Occupant sensor or timer switch
shall be used in:









Classrooms and lecture halls
Conference, meeting and training
rooms
Employee lunch and break rooms
Storage and supply rooms (15 to 305
m²)
Rooms used for document copying and
printing
Office spaces up to 76 m²
Restrooms
Dressing, locker and fitting rooms
Exception for space




59
With multi-scene control
Shop and laboratory classrooms
where automatic lights would endanger
safety or security
24-hour operation spaces
90.1 Section 9 Lighting Power Density
Table 9.5.1
LPD using Building Area Method
Building Area Type
Automotive facility
Convention centre
Courthouse
Dining: bar lounge/leisure
Dining: cafeteria/fast food
Dining: family
Dormitory
Exercise centre
Fire station
Gymnasium
Health-care clinic
Hospital
Hotel
Library
Manufacturing facility
Motel
60
ASHRAE 90.1
2007
2010
W/m2
W/m2
10
8.8
13
11.6
13
11.3
14
10.7
15
9.7
17
9.6
11
6.6
11
9.5
N/A
7.6
12
10.8
11
9.4
13
13
11
10.8
14
12.7
14
11.9
11
9.5
Reduction
12%
11%
13%
24%
35%
44%
40%
14%
N/A
10%
15%
0%
2%
9%
15%
14%
Table 9.5.1
LPD using Building Area
Method
Building Area Type
Motion picture theatre
Multifamily
Museum
Office
Parking garage
Penitentiary
Performing arts theatre
Police/fire station
Post office
Religious builidng
Retail
School/university
Sports arena
Town hall
Transportation
Warehouse
Workshop
61
ASHRAE 90.1
2007
W/m2
13
8
12
11
3
11
17
11
12
14
16
13
12
12
11
9
15
2010 Reduction
W/m2
8.9
32%
6.5
19%
11.4
5%
9.7
12%
2.7
10%
10.4
5%
15
12%
10.3
6%
9.4
22%
11.3
19%
15.1
6%
10.7
18%
8.4
30%
9.9
18%
8.3
25%
7.1
21%
2.9
81%
Average
reduction
in LPD
19%
What about Division 4?

Division 4 of SB 10:





62
if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC
and,
does not contain a residential occupancy, and
does not use electric space heating, and,
is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the
winter months
i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings
Division 4 Building Envelope

Largely the same as the SB5-5 Tables of Division 3


Fewer climate zone, space categories, envelope types
If Vertical fenestration gross area exceeds 40% or
Skylights exceed 5%

63
Use Division 3 paths (including trade-offs and energy modeling)
SB-10 Division 4 – Building Envelope
Requirements
64
SB-10 Division 4 – HVAC Requirements

Multi-zone systems


Revert to Division 3 (90.1-2010 + SB10 Revisions)
Single-zone systems

Use Division 3 90.1-2010 equipment performance values

Plus details on next slide…. (largely reminiscent of 90.1-2010)
65
SB-10 Division 4 Single Zone HVAC Details

(4) An air-conditioning system with a cooling
capacity of 40 kW or more shall have an
economizer,






(a) controlled by appropriate high limit shut-off
control, and
(b) equipped with either barometric or powered
relief sized to prevent excess pressurization of
the building.
66



(a) more than 1 400 L/s, and
(b) more than 70% of the supply air quantity of
the system.
(7) Where a heat recovery ventilator is installed,
the system shall have provisions to bypass or
control the heat recovery ventilator to permit
operation of the air economizer.
(8) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system shall be controlled by a manual
changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.
(9) Except for a system requiring continuous
operation, a heating, ventilating and airconditioning system that has a cooling or heating
capacity greater than 4.4 kW and a supply fan
motor rated for more than 0.5 kW shall be
provided with a time clock that,

(5) Outdoor air dampers for economizer use
shall be provided with blade and jamb seals.
(6) A heat recovery ventilator with a recovery
effectiveness of 50% or more at the outside
winter design temperature shall be provided
where the quantity of the outdoor air supplied to
the air duct distribution system is,






(a) is capable of starting and stopping the system
under different schedules for seven different daytypes per week,
(b) is capable of retaining programming and time
setting during a loss of power for a period of 10
hours or more,
(c) includes an accessible manual override that
allows temporary operation of the system for up
to two hours,
(d) is capable of temperature setback down to
13°C during off-hours, and
(e) is capable of temperature setup to 32°C
during off-hours.
(10) Where separate heating and cooling
equipment serves the same temperature zone,
thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent
simultaneous heating and cooling.
(11) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system with a design supply air capacity greater
than 5000 L/s shall have optimum start controls.
SB-10 Division 4 – Lighting Requirements

Largely taken from 90.1-2010
67
When should I expect an Energy Model to
Demonstrate Compliance?

Opaque wall assembly has lots of
thermal bridging




standard spandrel panel has very low
insulating value
z-girt walls
steel frames walls without exterior
insulation
High amounts of glazing (>40%)


Up to 65% with very best double glazed
Up to 95% with triple glazed (super
windows)

Curtain wall and window wall
buildings

Likely Building Types


68
Condominiums
Offices
Performance Compliance Paths



25% less than MNECB
5% less than 90.1-2010 (without SB-10 revisions)
Less than or equal to SB-10 (90.1-2010 + SB-10 revisions)

Design must comply with mandatory requirements

Reference complies with prescriptive requirements of:




Overall building energy consumption


69
MNECB,
90.1-2010 or
SB-10
proposed design vs. reference design
regulated loads only
90.1-20XX Impact on the Market

Product suppliers are
paying attention
70
Closing Quotes

Ludwig Wittgenstein
(engineer, mathematician, philosopher)


W.H. Auden
(poet)


“I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in
order to enjoy ourselves.”
“We are all here on earth to help others; what on earth the others
are here for I don't know.”
www.enermodal.com
Kurt Vonnegut
(writer)

71
"We are put on earth to fart around....don't let any one tell you any
different."
72