1. technology and computing
2. programming languages
3. c and c++

Outline
History
What is C++
How does C++ relate to other OO
languages
Types of applications for C++
Components of MS’s Visual C++ 6.0
Advantages / Disadvantages of C++
History of C++
1972: C language developed at Bell Labs
Dennis Ritchie wrote C for Unix OS
Needed C for work with Unix
late 70s: C becomes popular for OS
development by many vendors
Many variants of the language developed
ANSI standard C in 1987-89
History of C++ (continued)
early 80s: Bjarne Stroustrup adds OO
features to C creating C++
90s: continued evolution of the language
and its applications
preferred language for OS and low level
programming
popular language for application development
low level control and high level power
Conceptually what is C++
Alternatives:
is it C, with lots more options and features?
is it an OO programming language with C as its core?
is it a development environment?
On most systems it is a development
environment, language, and library, used for
both procedural and object oriented
programming, that can be customized and
extended as desired
Versions of C++
ANSI C++
Microsoft C++ (MS Visual C++ 6.0)
Other vendors: Borland, Symantec, Turbo, …
Many older versions (almost annual) including
different version of C too
Many vendor specific versions
Many platform specific versions
What you can do with C++
Apps (standalone, Web apps, components)
Active desktop (Dynamic HTML, incl Web)
Create new controls
Create apps with "look and feel" of IE4
ActiveX documents (charts, graphs, etc.)
Data access (e-mail, files, etc)
Integrate components w/ other languages
Microsoft’s C++
Development Environment
project mgmt, editor, debugging tools, user interface
Visual Studio 6.0
Language (
compiler, linker, loader, etc.
Visual C++ 6.0
Libraries
std libraries, iostream, iomanip, stdio, time, string,
math, etc.
Disadvantages of C++
Tends to be one of the less portable languages
Complicated!!!
40 operators, intricate precedence, pointers, etc.
can control everything
many exceptions and special cases
tremendous libraries both standard, vendor specific,
and available for purchase, but all are intricate
Aspects above can result in high cost,
maintenance and reliability problems
Advantages of C++
Available on most machines
Can get good performance
Can get small size
Can manage memory effectively
Can control everything
Good supply of programmers
Suitable for almost any type of program
(from systems programs to applications)
Structure of a program
// my first program in C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << "Hello World!"; return 0;
}
// my first program in C++

This is a comment line
#include <iostream>
Lines beginning with a hash sign (#) are directives
for the preprocessorThey are not regular code
lines with expressions but indications for the
compiler's preprocessor. In this case the directive
#include <iostream> tells the preprocessor to
include the iostream standard file. This specific
file (iostream) includes the declarations of the
basic standard input-output library in C++,
This is a comment line
using namespace std;
All the elements of the standard C++
library are declared within what is called
a namespace, the namespace with the
name std.
C++ program
lec1
To begin learning C++ lets examine our
first C++ program:
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
cout <<“wellcome to c++ program”;
}
#include<iostream.h>
All C++ programs must start with #include
.
The iostream.h header file must be include
For any program that outputs data to the
Screen or inputs data from the keyboard.
We shall discuss other types of header files
later in the coming chapter.
Main()
Every C++ program has function called
main
{ start of main.
} end of main.
You should write your program inside main.
cout<<
It’s passes the characters between quotes(“)
To the screen.
C++ provide escapes sequence for several
usages. these escape are listed below:
\n new line.
\t
horizontal tab [six space].
\a alert sound.
\\
print a backslash character.
\”
print a (“) character.
‫‪‬كتابة ‪ //‬معناها انني اكتب مالحظات‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪#include‬‬
‫من اوامر لغة سي ‪) ++‬المعالج المبدئي(‬
‫‪iostream.h‬‬
‫ملف او هدير فايل لتعريف االوامر المستخدمة‬
‫<>‬
‫اقواس لوضع الملف المطلوب ضمه او تحميله بينهما‬