1. science
2. ecology
3. waste management
4. waste disposal

2
_0
File" 17G
S.H.
POINT LONELY SRRS
ALASKA
ADMINISTRATIVE
RECORD
COVER SHEET
AR File Number
%_
2
_
File: _g-'b_
S.H.
o_
INSTALLATION RESTORATION
PROGRAM RECORDS SEARCH
For
Alaska DEW Line Stations
CH2M
.,"HILL
Preparedfor
AIR FORCE ENGINEERING AND SERVICES CENTER
DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA 32403
OCTOBER 1981
0216
-_
Z
2
NOTICE
This report
has been prepared
for the United
States Air
Force
by CH2M HILL SODTH_:_ST,
INC., for the purpose
of
aiding
in the implementation
of Air Force
Solid Waste
Management
Programs.
It is not an endorsement
of any
product.
The views
expressed
herein
are those of the
contractor
and do not necessarily
reflect
the official
views
of the publishing
agency,
the United
States
Air
Force,
or the Department
of Defense.
3
_
INSTALLATION RESTORATION
PROGRAM RECORDS SEARCH
_._
For
Alaska DEW Line Stations
CH2M
IIHILL
Prepared for
AIR FORCE ENGINEERING AND SERVICES CENTER
DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA 32403
OCTOBERI981
2
4
mm
mm CO E.TS
Pa_e
LIST OF ACRONYMS,
AND SYMBOLS
USED
EXECUTIVE
A.
B.
C.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
ABBREVIATIONS,
IN 'I'_15 TEXT
vii
SUMMARY
Introduction
Conclusions
Recommendations
INI-_ODUCTION
A.
Background
B.
Authority
C.
Purpose
of
D.
Scope
E.
Methodology
the
1
2
6
Records
STATION
DESCRIPTIONS
A.
Location
B.
Organization
and
Search
-
1
1
2
3
3
5
II
1
II
1
II - 2
Mission
ENVIRONMENTAL
S_-,_ING
A.
Meteorological
Data
B.
Geology
C.
Hydrology
D.
Environmentally
Sensitive
I
I
I
I
I
I
Conditions
III - 1
III1
III3
III - 5
III7
FINDINGS
A.
Activity
Review
B.
Disposal
Sites
Identification
and Evaluation
IV1
IV - 1
V.
CONCLUSIONS
V-
VI.
RECOMMENDATIONS
VI
IV - 5
1
1
FIGURES
REFERENCES
R-
1
APPENDIXES
A
Photographs
A
B
Resumes
of Key
Team
C
outside
Agency
Contacts
C - 1
D
History
of
DEW
D
E
Site
Hazard
F
Site
Assessment
the
Members
and
B - 1
Line
Evaluation
Methodology
Rating
iii
- 1
Forms
1
E - 1
F -
i
2
5
am
nn
1
2
Average
Stations
Temperatures
at Selected
Line
III- 2
List of Possible Material
on Alaska
DEW Line
3
S-mmary
4
Priority
Listing
of
D-I
DEW
Station
List
Line
DEW
of
Results
of
Site
Sites
iv
in Disposal
Sites
IV
Assessments
- 4
IV - 6
V
- 3
D
- 5
mm
mm
F:Gm ES
I
Location
2
Records
3
Physiographic
4
Geologic
5
North-south
geologic
Barrow
POW-M.
cross
6
Surface
drainage
map
of
BAR-M.
7
Surface
drainage
map
of
BAR-M
8
Surface
drainage
map
of
POW-3.
9
Surface
drainage
map
of
POW-2.
i0
Surface
drainage
map
of
POW-I.
Ii
Surface
dralnage
map
of
POW-M.
12
Surface
drainage
map
of
LIZ-3.
13
Surface
dralnage
map
of
LIZ-2.
14
Permafrost
15
Location
map
at BAR-M.
of possible
contaminated
areas
16
Location
map
at BAR-M.
of possible
contaminated
areas
17
Location
map
at POW-3.
of possible
contaminated
areas
18
Location
map
at POW-2.
of possible
contaminated
areas
19
Location
map
at POW-I.
of
possible
contaminated
areas
20
Locatlon
map
at POW-M.
of possible
contaminated
areas
map-Alaska
Search
DEW
Line.
methodology.
map.
map.
section
through
airstrip.
map.
V
2
?
FIGURES--Continued
21
Location map of possible
at LIZ-3.
contaminated
areas
22
Location map of possible
at LIZ-2.
contaminated
areas
23
B/storical
summary of landfill
the Alaskan DEW Line.
vi
activities
on
HI
mama
LIST OF ACRONYMS,
AND SYMBOLS
USED
2
ABBREVIATIONS,
IN "j-H_:
TEXT
3
2
JIB
i"
LIST OF ACRONYMS,
AND SYMBOLS USED
ABBREVIATIONS,
IN r_
TEXT
ADCOM
Air Defense
AFESC
Air
AFS
Air Force Station
CE
Civil
DCS
DEW
DEW
Distant
DOD
Department
DPDO
Defense
DSO
DEW
EOD
Explosive
EPA
Environmental
EWS
Early Warning System
°F
Degrees
ft
Foot (feet)
FSI
Felec
gpd/ft 2
Gallons
gpm
Max.
Gallons per minute
Maximum
MEK
Methyl ethyl ketone
Min.
Minimum
msl
Mean sea level
No.
Number
NORA/3
North
N.W.
Northwest
OEHL
Occupational
PCBs
Polychlorinated
biphenyls
POL
Petroleum,
and
RCRA
Resource
SAC
Strategic
Air
Command
SACLOG
Strategic
Air
Command
SOl
Space Object
S.W.
Southwest
TAC
Tactical Air Command
USAF
United
States Air Force
USGS
Unlted
States Geological
Force
Command
Engineering
and
Services
Center
Engineering
Communication
Early
System
warning
of Defense
Property
System
Disposal
Office
Office
ordnance
disposal
Protection
Agency
Farenheit
Services,
per
Inc.
day
America
per
Air
and
oil,
square
Defense
foot
Command
Environmental
Conservation
lubricants
and
Recovery
Logistics
Identification
vii
Health
Survey
Act
Laboratory
9
_2
nm
nmn
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
20
mm
un E ECUTIVE
SU RY
A.
2
I1
Introduction
I.
CH2M
and
HILL
was
Services
conduct
The
Alaska
No.
Air
positive
of
to
to
clea/l-up
actions
comprises
Phase
Installation
the
hazardous
of past
3.
The
any,
DEW
government
with
various
documents
relevant
visits
week
July
conducted
station
with
to
and
the
29 through
key
the
onsite
station
facilities,
and
- 1 -
Records
purpose
determine
the
and
as
a result
activities.
Program
included
installation
records
private
agencies
HILL
i,
visits
employees,
contacts
and
CH2M
plane
Search
main
contractor,
August
DOD
implement
of toxic
program,
by
from
The
Search
civilian
a
for
installation
pertinent
conducted
during
the
as
of Defense
is to
disposal
government
station
views
and
1980
and
Department
Records
of
implemented
wastes
The
Program
and
review
both
toxic
Program.
off
Line
amd
potential
for migration
operations
a detailed
the
by
Policy
migration,
the
Search
materials
Alaska
of
determine
I of
under
disposal
2 December
or
to
directed
1980
as necessary.
Records
if
was
June
Restoration
potential,
waste
24
prevent
1981
Search
Program
hazardous
installations,
15,
Quality
dated
Engineering
0004.
hazardous
dated
message
Force
Records
installations
action
migration
Air
on May
G0010
of
80-6
Force
the
Line
F0863780
Environmental
Memorandum
of
DEW
at military
Defense
by
(AFESC)
identification
sites
by
Center
the
Contract
2.
retained
for
onsite
during
1981.
Activities
included
ground
overflights
the
inter-
tours
to
of
identify
2
.t'!2
past
disposal
The
and
stations
Program
possible
included
contaminated
in the
Records
areas.
Search
were:
A-
4.
Station
Geographic
BAR-M
Barter
Island
POW-3
Bullen
Point
POW-2
Oliktok
_/
POW- 1
Lonely--/
POW-M
Point
LIZ-3
wainwright
LIZ-2
Point
In the
that
event
the
that
contaminants
work
would
be
the
specific
the
extent
would
Lay _
Records
the
comprise
indicates
migration
installation,
conducted
of the
Search
for
to
confirm
The
the
III
the
field
presence
and
waste
of
II
of
to
restoration
hazardous
Phase
of hazardous
Phase
contaminants
of migration.
Restoration
B.
/
migrating
contalnment
Island)
/
exists
off
(Flaxman
Barrow
the
potential
Name
or
disposal
sites
Installation
Program.
Conclusions
1.
the
In general,
with
no
serious
waste
generated
scrap
metal
via
sea
spills
is
DEW
Line
sites
problems.
The
by
which
each
barge
have
under
practices
at DEW
cause
contribute
nor
currently
a problem
sites
to
- 2 -
greatest
mostly
to
Accidental
in
the
do
not
environmental
of
of
Seattle
fuel
past,
Current
maintained,
amount
returned
control.
Line
well
consisted
(retrograde).
been
apparently
is
site
were
but
this
disposal
significantly
problems.
13
2.
Evidence
obtained
through
key DEW Line employees
tities
of hazardous
of in the past.
An ongoing
indicate
that small quan-
Disposal
practices
environmental
resulted
of most wastes
in the early
of waste onto the sea ice in
clean-up
by FSI under Air Force directive
3 years
with long-time
wastes may have been disposed
60's included dumping
winter months.
3.
interviews
in the removal
program
undertaken
has for the past
and proper
which were improperly
disposal
dumped
in the
past.
4.
Where
hazardous
closed
wastes
(and cleaned
low potential
Soil permeability
permafrost
little
c.
pollutant
The permafrost
land surface
migration
d.
8 months
there is a
beyond
above the
low.
and top of the impermeable
gradient
flat, providing
to facilitate
migration.
layer occurs
and effectively
a few feet below
prevents
vertical
of pollutants.
The ground
is completely
frozen
at least
out of the year, further
the likelihood
- 3
or
due to the following
layer is almost
hydraulic
lateral
sites,
in the strata
is moderately
The land surface
in existing
of pollutants
of the stations
permafrost
b.
up) dumping
for migration
the boundaries
reasons:
a.
are present
of pollutant
reducing
migration.
2
14
5.
Pollution
all)
inants
table
migration
during
the
may
most
brief
move
and
is
likely
summer
months
downgradient
discharge
into
to
occur
where
above
the
streams,
(if
at
contam-
permafrost
ponds,
or
the
sea.
6.
Table
fied
rating
were
4 provides
during
a listing
this
scores
(if
for
additional
the
investigation
identified
potential
of
rated).
as
their
the
by
DEW
identioverall
sites
highest
migration
arranged
sites
following
having
contaminant
study,
and
The
areas
44
warranting
Line
site:
current
dump
BAR-M
Sites
No.
I,
4,
and
9,
past
Site
No.
8,
contaminated
Site
No.
3, waste
No.
13,
old
dump
site.
No.
16,
old
dump
site.
No.
28,
fuel
and
drainage
petroleum
sites.
cut.
disposal.
POW-3
Site
POW-2
Site
POW-I
Site
Sites
No.
31
No.
40,
and
storage
32,
area,
current
and
observed
past
contamination.
dump
sites.
past
dump
LIZ-2
Sites
43,
--
i
and
4
--
44,
current
and
sites.
2
7.
The
following
significant
sites
and
are
hazard
do not
for
warrant
not
considered
migration
additional
of
to pose
15
a
contaminants
study:
BAR-M
sites
No.
2 and
12.
No.
17
and
20.
No.
25
and
29.
POW-2
Sites
POW-I
Sites
POW-M
site
No.
33.
LIZ-3
sites
8.
The
No.
38,
following
have
no
and
sites
potential
eliminated
the
37,
site
from
rating
39.
were
for
further
reviewed
migration
study
assessment.
BAR-M
Sites
No.
5,
6,
No.
14 and
7,
i0,
POW-3
Sites
15.
- 5
and
Ii.
and
and
and
deemed
were
not
to
therefore
included
in
2
1G
POW-2
Sites
No.
18,
19,
21,
22,
No.
26,
27,
and
30.
No.
34,
35,
and
36.
No.
41
23,
and
24.
POW-I
Sites
LIZ-3
Sites
LIZ-2
Sites
C.
and
42.
Recommendations
Although
little
migration
was
direct
found
recommended
that
implemented
for
material
was
efforts
should
a very
stream-
where
appropriate,
In
clean-up
should
site
of
should
the
of
to
include
and
the
soil
addition,
continue
in
Search,
it
verification.
Some
disposed
offsite.
Phase
migrated
various
sampling
sites
should
ongoing
order
II)
of
soil
sampling
identified
or,
collected
and
be
environmental
to
Additional
remove
study
any
at
possible
each
follows:
o
Surface-water
at
Sites
sampllng
No.
at
be
shallow
BAR-M
o
is
(Phase
samples
the
contaminant
program
surface-water
near
as
hazardous
Records
have
contamination.
be
of
limited
puposes
ponds
sources
during
observed
analyzed.
evidence
i and
Sites
4.
No.
8 and
9.
II
2
17
POW-3
o
Surface-water
sampling
at
Site
No.
13.
Surface-water
sampling
at Site
No.
16.
Surface-water
sampling
at
Sites
No.
28,
31,
and
sampling
at Sites
No.
40,
43,
and
POW-2
o
POW-I
o
32.
LIt-2
o
Surface-water
44.
In
the
soil
field
event
samples
efforts
that
collected
may
of migration.
including
be
the
finalized
contaminants
be
during
as
part
of
the
location
of
the
- 7 -
detected
from
this
effort,
more
to
quauntify
the
necessary
Details
exact
are
program
of
outlined
Phase
sampling
points,
II program.
water/
extensive
extent
above,
should
il
mar
H
8
0
Z
)
2
I.
INTRODUCTION
A.
,Background
The
Force
the
engineering
retained
Air
team
of
experts
DEW
Line
are
BAR-M,
The
FOW-3
by
site
Air
The
monitor
The
for
The
Records
the
majority
primary
disposal
of
Recovery
Act
instructions
Under
1981)
each
present
all
comply
fully
All
by
the
these
to
the
are
following
and
duty
Alaska
Search
of the
site
still
is
retained
unique
in
that
lasts
(Public
as well
to
assist
on
past
located
in
text.
I - 1
one
of
the
and
and
developed
96-482,
all
October
past
21,
and
6003
of
EPA
make
avail-
and
disposal
practices.
(DOD)
requirements
the
by
Section
of Defense
of RCRA,
only
implementing
to be
sites.
as other
a contract
management
and
inventory
Department
at
Conservation
Law
a
contractor.
the
3012
of
as part
Resource
to
maintenance
civilian
continuing
the
a
LIZ-3.
consists
are
passage
but
Regulations
agencies
in
of
the
disposal
the
time
somewhat
governing
information
of
and
interviewed
required
Federal
figures
ately
Act
the
LIZ-2,
1971,
are
tour
1976.
waste
intent
Simultaneous
NOTE:
is
requested
the
of
for
Records
at the
in
assemble
in the
involvement
whose
is
Search
operation
Force
Section
hazardous
able
all
the
state
requires
does
employed
(RCRA)
RCRA
RCRA
sites
waste
for
EPA.
Line
legislation
solid
to
(AFESC)
i).
of people
are
Center
HILL
POW-M,
operation
Figure
Air
CH2M
included
abandoned
sites,
Search
The
It is
DEW
Services
a Records
POW-3,
in
(see
contractor
station.
year.
not
was
Force
Alaska
civilian
the
site
of
stations
POW-2,
was
and
firm
conduct
The
POW-I,
This
the
and
sites.
visit.
Engineering
19
DOD
a separate
to
of RCRA.
devised
a
section
immedi-
comprehensive
purpose
of
Installation
the
IRP
environmental
could
to
in
of
In response
contaminants
to RCRA
and
Response,
1980,
issued
Policy
DOD
Memorandum
directed
the
The
of
intended
to
hazardous
Search
phase,
Phase
of
waste
II is
is
potential
B.
and
the
that
Phase
I of
correct,
environmental
migration
from
the
Department
and
I, the
problem
may
be
is
possible
Records
problems.
and
determination
The
third
mitigate
that
which
identify
required.
and/or
the
to
Phase
be
hazards
the
of
Program
1980
of potential
of
Act
Program
records
may
June
program.
Restoration
quantification
Comprehensive
Liability
IRP
sites.
boundaries.
the
24
that
probable
Quality
on
identification
contain,
contaminant
of
practices
and
of
The
correct
installation
80-6)
comprises
measures
to
DOD
installation
the
and
_vironmental
(DEQPPM
(IRP).
disposal
anticipation
contaminated
the
corrective
phase
in
Installation
is
past
beyond
Defense
Search
review
report,
contamination
implementation
(DOD)
Program
Compensation,
80-6
Records
Defense
from
ground-water
Environmental
the
identify,
deficiencies
result
migration
is
Restoration
identified
the
result
of
installation.
Authority
The
identification
military
installations
Quality
Program
24
1980,
June
2 December
Recovery
Search
CH2M
G0010
and
(RCRA)
conduct
for
HILL
implemented
as
the
on
the
Alaska
May
15,
by
a positive
and
waste
directed
Memorandum
installations
Act
hazardous
was
Policy
1980,
of military
To
of
with
Environmental
80-6
(DEQPPM
80-6)
Line
1981
under
Force
to
message
ensure
Resource
implementing
DEW
sites,
dated
compliance
and
regulations.
the
Contract
I - 2
dated
Conservation
Restoration
0004.
at
Defense
action
Installation
sites
by
Air
the
disposal
Program
AFESC
No.
Records
retained
F08637
80
2
C.
Purpose
The
identify
the
Records
main
purpose
of
the
potential
practices
assess
of
of
the
possibility
of
boundaries.
in¢
history
the
the
of
of
off
which
D.
stress
Records
meeting,
the
onsite
resulting
the
habitats
or
from
the
and
to the
and
to
gathered
geological
contribute
past
and
beyond
information
the
to
from
wastes,
migration
installation,
FELEC
Ii
and
Strategic
migration
ecological
evidence
of
contaminants.
12,
Air
CH2M
was
to provide
cation
The
technical
of
the
of
participating
Springs,
this
Air
DEW
the
project
office
and
in the
Alaska
for
visits
were
Each
of the
to
the
Line
Environ-
meeting
the
to provide
DEW
on
(DSO),
pre-performance
command,
of
(TAC),
Office
and
report.
included
Command
AFESC,
the
this
analysis
Colorado,
instructions
by
and
meeting
System
schedule,
base,
at
Occupational
(OEBL),
guidance
the
held
at
FSI,
a project
responsibilities
was
Tactical
purpose
a review
of
Colorado
(SAC),
detailed
develop
and
AFESC
AFESC,
a pre-performance
preparation
Attendees
Command
HILL.
to
(FSI),
Laboratory
and
and
meeting
1981.
of
of
contacts,
obtained,
Inc.
Health
Search,
agency
pre-performance
representatives
mental
consisted
visits,
Services,
June
Search
information
The
and
toxic
contaminant
sensitive
is
resulting
and
which
Program
Scope
The
of
the
indicate
environmental
contamination
operations,
conditions
settings
Search
Pertinent
hydrogeological
contaminants
Records
of hazardous
installation
ades
Search
for
disposal
Zl
Records
clarifl-
define
the
contractor,
Records
Search.
The
through
onsite
August
included
respective
an
station
I,
aerial
station
1981.
tour,
an
conducted
DEW
orientation
supervisor,
ground
I
3
on
Line
meeting
tours
of
July
Station
with
the
29
visits
the
statlon,
2
22
and
interviews
comprised
1.
with
CH2M
HILL
Mr.
Gary
E. Eichler,
Mr.
Brian
Mr.
Gus
Ms.
H.
Search
following
individuals
team:
Project
Geology,
Manager/Hydrogeologist
1974)
Ecologist
Ecology,
Andress,
1973)
Engineer
Environmental
Barbara
The
Winchester,
Wildlife
(M.S.,
4.
Records
Engineering
(B.S.,
3.
employees.
the
(M.S.,
2.
key
Engineering,
Britt,
1977)
Technician
(Pre-engineering)
Resumes
of
the
Various
government
for
documents
and
Line
Records
Search
contacted
The
pated
in
during
key
and
Alaska
agencies
to
Appendix
Records
from
DEW
included
relevant
effort.
the
are
private
information
individuals
the
employees
were
the
C lists
Mr.
Bob
Air
Force
Records
Worchester
Environmental
2.
Capt.
Ronald
Command
3.
Bill
and
Search
FSI
Acting
Area
(FSI)
Coordinator
Descheneaux
(TAC)
(FSI)
Manager--Alaska
! - 4
L
DEW
agencies
DEW
who
included
Representative
Skinner
Alaska
the
following:
1.
contacted
Search.
the
Line
in Appendix
Line
particithe
B.
2
E.
23
Methodology
The
Search
methodology
is
past
and
shown
such
as
shop
files
with
key
Alaska
Figure
obtained
real
from
from
Line
First,
is
property
employees
DEW
2.
operations
is
and
in the
on
industrial
Information
interviews
the
graphically
present
stations.
utilized
a review
conducted
available
files,
most
Records
of
at the
records
as well
operating
as
areas
of
station.
The
next
step
in
determine
the
past
management
storage,
the
treatment,
various
this
all
other
of the
solvent
spills
An
overflight
sites
environmental
or
of
these
or
leachate
are
bodies
whether
contamination
not,
site
station
(2)
Line
use,
materials
site.
burial
sites;
as well
contamination
such
areas
from
Included
identification
as
in
of
any
as major
resulting
a general
made
by
the
for
any
the
ground
Records
including
presence
bodies,
is then
material
is
operations
the
hazardous
the
PCB
from
or
large
and
Search
of
Team
(I) evidence
of
nearby
(3) visual
obvious
tour
signs
of
of
drainage
inspection
contamination
migration.
information,
during
regarding
to
is the
information
surface-water
A decision
minor
DEW
is
review
and
then
stress,
water
the
of
of
fuel-saturated
site-specific
ditches
and
process
leaks.
aerial
identified
gather
or
disposal
sites
or
review
practices
at each
sources
spills,
activity
activities
landfill
possible
fuel
and
operations
part
past
the
made,
based
a potential
in
deleted
any
from
and maintenance
investigations,
the
on all
exists
of
the
further
of
for
sites.
If
consideration.
condition
I - 5
above
hazardous
identified
deficiencies
supervisor.
the
is
If
are noted
reported
to
to
2
24
For those
identified,
sites
where
a determination
of the contamination
by considering
If there
for contamination
of the potential
off the installation
site-specific
is little
for contaminant
rating methodology described in Section
Sites Identification
and Evaluation."
The site rating
contaminant
a higher
migration
potential,
potential
indicates
at each
migration
the Installation
Restoration
showing
potential,
a medium
be recommended
problem
to confirm
does not exist.
potential,
site.
no further
that
problem
follow-up
I
For those
Phase
6
for
showing
to quantify
sites
contaminant
II work
the
II of
II program
sites showing
Phase
recommended.
sites
under Phase
a serious
For those
the site
potential
are made
a limited
significant,
IV. B "Disposal
For those
Program.
then
If the
using
the relative
recommendations
contaminant
migration,
is considered
and prioritized
is made
conditions.
consideration.
migration
then the site is evaluated
boundaries
for contaminant
from further
is
for migration
soil and permafrost
potential
the site is deleted
potential
a potential
may
migration
a lower
would be
ml
II
II.
2
STATION DESCRIPTIONS
23
'i
2
II.
STATION
A.
Location
The
and
is
DESCRIPTIONS
Alaska
sparsely
across
Line
northern
located
on
westernmost
location
the
station
assigned
DEW
populated
the
the
stations
area
coast
Barter
at
is
of
each
located
located
in
approximately
near
the
intervals
easternmost
Canadian
site
border
Lay.
Figure
The
following
is
sizes,
and
station.
a remote
100-mile
The
at Point
locations,
each
are
of Alaska.
Island
site
names,
to
and
a list
nnmher
Station
with
the
the
site
the
largest
by
native
Eskimo
east
has
has
and
and
site
of personnel
Average
No.
of Station
has
POW-3
villages
being
there
Barrow
The
south
village
of
the
of
of
completely
ii
Barrow
with
is located
living
approximately
approximately
isolated.
near
is
a population
approximately
of Kaktouik
5 miles
I
villages.
first.
approximately
is located
17
17
19
17
17
0
75
located
approximately
of
Personnel
have
Alaska
main
approximately
a population
are
native
the
people.
population
Lay
near
in
Acres
1,442
1,185
268
2,830
2,325
620
4,353
Island)
village
a population
of Point
LIZ-2
POW-2,
1 mile
is located
and
village
of
of POW-M.
a native
Wainwright
LIZ-3
800
of
located
Barrow,
the
approximately
and
of
are
choice,
approximately
4 miles
sites
exception
the
of
Name
Point Lay
Wainwright
Point Barrow
Lonely
Oliktok
Bullen
Point
(Flaxman
Barter
Island
of
of
site.
Geographical
Four
the
1 shows
Number
LIZ-2
LIZ-3
POW-M
POW-I
POW-2
POW-3
BAR-M
2G
is located
area
at
BAR-M
70 people.
northeast
30.
The
1 mile
40.
of
native
north
POW-I,
2
27
B.
Organization
The
section
led
Line
Alaska
which
to
and
DEW
went
Line
turned
the
over
the
original
operation
of
north
to
was
into
construction
across
Mission
the
remaining
coast
a civilian
in
of
experimental
1953;
experience
2,000
miles
Canada.
contractor
of
In 1957
for
there
it
the
DEW
was
operation
and
maintenance.
Today,
operated
Alaska
TAC/NORAD
responsible
concerning
Distant
the
Early
military
whole
operational
trative
and
is provided
System
Each
and
designated
westerly
for
the
Sheet
occurs
is
for
Alaska
name
DEW
to
of
System
the
office
in
all
is
Cape
from
Island,
Lisburne.
U.S.
which
located
is
listed
at Bullen
the
from
its
POW
the
DEW
The
geographical
from
Point
of
locations
Geological
only
as Flaxman
Point
I! -2
management
the
the
located.
DEW
adminis-
symbol
come
are
for
sites
geographical
they
the
Auxiliary
The
from
However,
Engineering
segment
and
Colorado.
derived
following
sectors.
sections
Line
Barter
functional
restructure
Civil
Springs,
from
from
six
geographical
Island.
i
support
contractor
station.
actually
office
contractor
the
main
on POW-3,
the
DEW
a number
on which
the
System
The
by
sites
of
monitoring
military,
into
purposes.
BAR
LIZ
DEW
with
and
of
permitted
Colorado
e.g.,
support
system
been
the
section
location,
The
Force
contractor-
is part
contract
System.
is divided
logistic
office,
Barrow,
Line
civilian
on
Air
Force
agencies.
has
four
all
Air
which
maintenance,
(DEW)
purposes
into
a U.S.
mission.
U.S.
adequate
DEW
contractor
Line
the
Warning
by
is
network
defense
operation,
ensure
The
the
Line
discharging
of
also
areas
air
for
responsibilities
must
DEW
radar/communications
overall
is
the
rather
Survey
are
next
listed
Quad
discrepancy
Island;
than
the
Flaxman
site
2
The
of
real
roads,
contractor
property
These
aircraft
plants,
disposition
and
of
station
DEW
Line
sites.
The
Alaska
Force
in
contract
site
DEW
receives
operation
the
two
support
from
takes
structures,
manager
LIZ-2
to
site
for
from
who
or
refuse.
each
support
through
the
the
Alaska
U.5.
function
BAR-M.
the
U.S.
Navy
as
does
POW-1,
maintenance,
buildings,
and
at
officers
sites
company)
out
receives
management
generation,
sewage,
area
the
and
(a private
and
from
for
water,
carried
the
antenna
supply,
are
Line
sector
monitors
also
their
supervisor
this
of
maintenance
include
facilities,
systems
responsibilities
for
which
electricity,
the
Oil
responsible
facilities,
grounds,
utility
is
28
responsibility
Air
as
The
POW-M
on portions
where
Husky
all
refuse
of
for
control.
The
primary
is to
detect
within
the
and
Line)
mission
radars
regardless
includes
communications
TAC/NORAD
report
designated
surveillance
DEW
mission
air
the
the
all
Distant
airborne
detection
(6 of
of
are
direction
which
Early
Warning
vehicles
and
is
mission.
II -3
of
located
and
on
the
the
movement.
maintenance
a part
of
System
operating
capabilities
which
operation
network,
defense
of
the
31
Alaska
Also,
of
the
overall
this
DCS
mm
2
II
III.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SETTING
29
2
III.
ENVIRONMENTAL
A.
Meteorological
Data
The
Line
zone
Alaska
called
consists
winds
is
DEW
the
of
Arctic
cold
blowing
region
the
SETTING
Region.
average
across
as
Average
coast
of Alaska
minimum
wet
in
temperature
In the
drop
at
Arctic
Region,
important
free
air
temperatures
climatic
northern
Although
dotted
the
with
lakes,
this
region
along
the
respectively.
freezing.
north
Summer
Table
1 lists
temperature
values
stations.
wind
chill
biological
Strong
cause
strong
Therefore,
+44°F,
to terrestrial
can
the
environment
temperatures
selected
temperature.
and
low.
below
ranges
more
of
with
summer
maximum
-25 ° and
temperatures
type
in
desert.
and
are
located
locations.
is
a frozen
minimum
This
station
of precipitation
classified
are
temperatures
the
is continuously
amount
stations
winds
systems
coupled
the
wind
chill
in the
long
cold
with
are
than
the
cold
winter
factor
to
reach
below
winters
at
the
to
of
sunlight.
-100°F.
Another
stations
is
For
example,
not
rise
days.
or
indirect
coast
time
of
very
little
extensive
84
the
does
Even
sets
only
However,
summer
set
with
that
lack
November
an
a short
the
months
until
cloud
August
reaches
the
1
and
time
of
2,
reflects
does
of
and
warm
flowing
during
the
with
amount
surface
Line
twilight
cover
at Barrow,
or
DEW
temperatures
increased
III-
elapsed
period
the
absorbs
18
(westerlies)
moderate
not
on
with
latitudes
energy
cover
due
24,
occurs.
somewhat
of the
sun
time
in lower
days.
cloud
the
this
During
l0 and
energy
January
sunlight
the
May
solar
until
During
winter.
rises
of
at Barrow
generated
across
the
loss
again
66
winds
factor
an elapsed
of
sunlight,
because
the
sun
of the
light.
30
2
31
Table 1
AVERAGE TEMPEI_TURES AT SELECTED DEW LINE STATIONS
Su_aer
Average
Average
Minimum
Maximum
Winter
Average
Average
Minimum
Maximum
Extremes
_°F)
Stations
(OF)
_°F)
(°F}
(OF)
B_R-M, Barter Island
30
46
-20
-6
-59 to 75
POW-2, Oliktoka
30
47
-24
-6
-49 to 75
POW-M, Barrow
29
44
-25
-6
-56 to 78
LIZ-3, wainwright
30
49
-26
-6
-56 to 80
LIZ-2, Point Lay
32
53
-27
-5
-55 to 78
aonly
limited
conditions.
data
available,
may not
necessarily
represent
average
NOTE: Period
of record is from 1959 to 1974 except
for Oliktok.
SOURCE: Alaska Regional
Profiles,
The University
of Alaska,
Arctic
Environmental
and Data Center,
1975.
iII - 2
L
•
s
2
Average
generally
precipitation
low,
precipitation
amounts
below :
about
along
5 to
occurs
as
7 inches
during
at
selected
of precipitation
Alaska
per
rain
Station
Barter
POW-2,
POW-M,
Most
summer.
stations
of
Line
of
The
are
the
average
shown
Precipitation
(includes
45"
of
snow)
Oliktok
5"
(includes
19"
of
snow)
Barrow
5"
(includes
29"
of
snow)
LI_Z-3, Wainwright
6"
(includes
12"
of
snow)
LIIZ-2, Point
7"
(includes
21"
of
snow)
Lay
Alaska
Regional
Profiles,
The
Arctic
Environmental
and Data
Approximately
i0 inches
of snow
Note:
32
is
7"
B.
Island
DEW
year.
the
Amount
BAR-M,
Source:
University
of
Center,
1975.
equals
1 inch
Alaska,
of
water.
Geology
The
Arctic
DEW
Line
Coastal
graphic
radar
Plain
features
Figure
of
installations
physiographic
the
Arctic
relief,
Coastal
Plain
sloping
Brooks
is
downward
situated
region.
region
Range.
Due
Permafrost
refers
to
of permafrost,
temperature
is characterized
beaches.
Coastal
to
a smooth
to
occurrence
whose
are
The
are
in the
major
illustrated
physioon
3.
The
the
the
the
north
flat
marshes
naturally
is below
by
the
low
erosion
surface
coastal
occurs
III
from
terrain
and
lakes
occurring
32°F
year
as
with
thermal
little
the
foothills
and
the
are
earth
round.
banks
3
showing
of
continuous
abundant.
materials
The
narrow
coastline
gravel
undercutting
of
JJ
_,
the
frozen
bank
Line sites
above msl.
The
is
are
at
surface
Recent
soil
drained
patterns
the
are
surface.
and
sediment.
shore
shelf
alternately
reworking,
and
locally
modified
frost
LIZ-2
Line
have
the
silt,
lenses
deposited
the
the
Polygonal
table
clay
from
of
and
mixtures
in
a shallow,
sea
The
the
feet
to
of
near-
level
changes
plain
depositing,
formation
eolian,
is
and
a few
coastal
sediments.
sites
Quaternary
and
Frequent
feet
texture.
are
varies
alluvial,
all
DEW
80
permafrost
soil
inundated
the
by
formation
and
eroded,
and
geology
at
and
throughout
12,000
the
thickens
more
may
lacustrine,
the
thick
the
and
and
of
the
rock
and
through
Barrow
the
slate.
to
the
deep
and
and
the
coastal
to
water
are
is
showing
south.
bedrock.
III
from
2,000
to
is
underlain
limestone,
older,
strata
are
which
quartzite
general
sediments
generally
It
this
a north-south
the
siltstones,
unconsolidated
and
predominantly
under-
general
sandstones,
margin
and
the
region.
sediments:
period
5
the
is
Below
other
sediments
strata
the
the
sandstones,
Arctic
Jurassic
sandstone.
Figure
(POW-M)
the
at
expose
4 shows
This
Devonian
to
Jurassic
underlie
foothills
and
metamorphics
marble,
River
plain.
along
shale,
basement
Kuk
throughout
coastal
than
unconsolidated
Figure
conglomerates
silty
the
Cretaceous
predominantly
geology
by
surface
toward
siltstone,
LIZ-3
Cretaceous,
the
feet
is more
conglomerates.
Tertiary,
shales,
at
away
consolidated
shales,
the
as
loam
Alaska
5 to
at
the
gravel,
was
and
mixing
sites,
been
lying
by
the
occur
The
processes.
At
DEW
and
environment.
exposed
be
a silty
thickness
formation
sea.
predominates
with
sand,
beds
marine
the
approximately
abundant,
Their
the
The
of
Underlying
Formation.
feet,
into
that
peat
unconsolidated
Gubik
150
slumping
elevations
surficial
a poorly
near
and
comprise
cross
schists,
section
configuration
of
34
2
C.
Hydrology
The
feet
and
of
DEW
the
Line
Arctic
shallow
also
may
table
the
to
cross
Ocean.
The
coastal
plain,
whereas
deltas
into
as
the
are
formed
The
permafrost
When
becomes
less
near
the
extent
a few
occurs
coast.
down
to
of
lake
lakes
water
l0
The
water
west
feet
and
thousand
as
sheetflow
Infiltration
the
permafrost
the
These
are
melts,
east
a ground
continues
at
ground
refreeze.
and
the
of
are
exhibit
the
coastal
building
plain
features
the
lake
and
drains,
lakes
are
and
depression.
lake
the
frozen
and
surface
and
These
remain
into
River
thermokarst
the
deep
Colville
coastal
in
may
and
feature.
collects
lower
Range
empty
subsidence
the
pool
Brooks
and
rivers
on
melting
and
of
occur
intersects
a marsh
plain
an emergence
lakes."
the
than
coastal
Colville
beneath
as
in the
indicating
ocean,
where
the
the
rivers
the
"thaw
expanding
within
drainage
originating
features
Thousands
known
located
s1_mmer months.
foothills,
drowned
from
a limited
rivers,
Arctic
all
Surface
runoff
Numerous
the
are
Ocean.
creek
occur
in
sites
starts
margins.
the
are
9 months
area
generally
of
the
year.
nearby
most
water
supplies
freshwater
susceptible
spray
LIZ-2,
POW-M,
susceptible
and
and
also
show
general
of
all
sites
sites,
are
the
low
from
POW-M
deterioration
to
these
the
the
quality
Due
POW-2,
at the
ditches,
the
water
coastal
each
Of
flooding.
to
Runoff
lakes.
to
or
for
is the
from
elevations
installations
are
saltof
moderately
flooding.
sites
occurs
drainage
follows
natural
as sheetflow.
patterns
III-
5
depressions,
Figures
at each
site.
improved
6 through
13
2
,33
The
the
presence
development
of
of
of
the
permafrost
of
approximately
ground
table
in
excess
depths
Figure
14
illustrates
region
and
the
hills
coastal
rounded
the
are
leaving
of
area
in
expand
and
force
ridges
continue
the
the
only
the
areas
water
the
a depth
coast.
within
are
responsible
of
the
frost
at
will
not
frost.
the
the
and
bowl
stream
these
wells
summer
been
it may
seasons)
areas,
relative
in
the
developable
lakes,
constructed
lakes,
but
in
long-term
is unknown.
placed
deeper
the
areas.
larger
of permafrost
contaminant
winter
form
is potentially
and
water
subside
often
under
ground
areas,
drained
have
center
drained
and
lakes
channels
occurrence
There
In well
in poorly
wells
and
In marshy
present
Some
the
following
channels
that
lakes
the
Snow
the
Thaw
mounds
encroaches,
when
winter.
during
of
hill.
occurs
in height.
water
thaw
pushes
core
many
frost
permafrost
vertically.
a polygon
infiltrate
ice
for
and
when
freezes
ground
of
thaw
Pingos
formed
it
an
polygon.
near
the
or
as
the
of
to
any
(during
near
bottom
When
drainage
rivers.
effectiveness
the
natural
the
and
Due
grow
ground
within
thaw
water
during
to
of
streams,
of
top
permanently
the
size
ground.
cracks
center
The
various
material
form
center
depressed
occurs
limits
The
to
permafrost
plain.
forming
cracks
accumulate
to
of
is
feet
of
action
or patterned
and
cracks
the
upward,
Polygonal
contracts
of
marshy
expansion
the
depth
frost
in
the
1,300
nil.
surface
ground
extent
and
features
of
the
region
sites.
the
the
the
of
the
virtually
near
and
the
recorded
Permafrost
drain,
to
occurs
feet,
to
throughout
water
20
frozen
selected
permafrost
on
the
than
the
be
frozen
may
move
III - 6
at
all
ground
or
seasonally
and
the
remain
downgradient
in
sites,
the
active
layer
in place
and
soil
or
discharge
36
2
into
of
streams,
thlS
upper
0.0002
of
ponds,
size
moderately
D.
and
to moderately
such
as
support
as
low
rushes
(Juncus
spp.),
cloudberry
spp.),
and
habitats
their
installations
Spills
of
fuel
to recover
noted
during
all
site
lakes
of the
substances.
degree
than
adverse
release
may
by
are
dilution
up
and
adjoining
all
the
environmentally
wetlands
(Salix
these
disturbance,
DEW
products
is
Line
on
tundra
generally
effects
food
are
also
able
were
processes,
effect
tributaries
and
habitats.
III
a much
7
other
considered
greater
habitats,
and
longer-lived.
of contaminant
significant
Consequently,
vicinity
hazardous
tributaries)
in accumulation
chain.
to
much
(or its
be
or other
tundra
local
in the
should
affected
typically
Ocean
sensitive
occur
these
terrestrial
result
stances
spp.),
significant.
adverse
and
any potential
nevertheless
(Carex
willows
the
less
to chemical
systems
to the Arctic
mitigated
these
(Saxifra_a
of
vegetation
shallow
surrounding
Although
of
be
species
Although
all
may
woody
to physical
long-term
sensitive
effects
and
petrochemical
installations,
Such
sites
visits.
and
environmentally
from
Both
dwarf
lichens.
tundra
Line
sedges
disturbance
no
to
variability
ranges
saxifrages
around
other
time;
(0.2
high
tundra.
spp.),
and
such
or
DEW
herbaceous
intolerant
though
with
Small
of
oil
detrimental,
moist
of
distribution
makes
the
chamaemorus),
mosses
relatively
extensive
or
of
spp.),
(Rubus
the
permeability
all
wet
Luzula
various
are
at
(Eriophorum
and
to
cm/sec
Conditions
growths
cottongrass
0.0001
permeability
low.
Sensitive
either
to
estimated
is due
This
habitat
The
0.i
range
mixture.
natural
habitats
ocean.
from
wide
Environmentally
characterized
is
is
The
high
The
the
material
ft/min).
grain
or
is partially
contamination
of hazardous
the
waters
sub-
Arctic
Ocean
are
considered
2
37
Three
Wildlife
(Falco
species
Service
occur
peregrinus),
leucopareia),
these,
listed
and
as
in Alaska:
Aleutian
eskimo
only
the
peregrine
vicinity
of
DEW
Line
species
such
do
not
have
as
endangered
the
the
Canada
curlew
(Numenius
falcon
is
eagle,
gray
endangered/threatened
IIi
likely
U.S.
Fish
(Branta
canadensis
borealis).
to
occur
Of
in
be
wolf,
grizzly
and
and
falcon
It should
status
8
the
peregrine
goose
installations.
bald
by
in Alaska.
noted
the
that
bear
Ell
IV.
2
FINDINGS
38
39
IV.
FINDINGS
A.
ACtivity
Major
generate
EWS
and
mediate
Review
activities
industrial
communication
systems,
maintenance
of vehicles).
and
or
or
and
Some
open
Line
at
DEW
a time)
burning
which
Pave
POW-I,
and
Operation
electrical
tubes,
retrograded
annually.
and
done
EWS
of materials
it
for
shoreline
the
ice
all
incineration
annually.
by
the
State
gallons
All
sites
have
not
large
of Kaktovik
waste.
dump
Other
site.
of
of waste
is
facilities
the
or redrttm
Seattle,
100
in
sa/%k when
to package
periodically
Therefore,
sites
include
radio
mercury
and
LIZ-2,
shipped
servicing
likely
of
acetone.
for
disposed
IV-
proper
of
1
by
material
way
dump
is
of barge
equipment
methyl
ethyl
solvents
disposal.
in the
com-
cleaning
Waste
telephone
radioactive
this
Seattle
and
of
radar
dichlorethane,
and
out
to
waste
form
low-level
Most
return
in
in the
transmitters,
to
used
generates
hardware
trichlorethane,
were
it to
to
the
meaning
trichlorethylene,
they
at
batteries.
ketone,
past
transport
incinerator
storage
I-i-i
and
all
POW-2.
include
drummed
for
landfills.
incineration
tubes,
Solvents
now
up
village
cabinets,
lead
procedure
to
BAR-M
communications
Klystron
and
the
of the
teletype
ponents,
now
or
operation
(permitted
in station
still
adequate
lift
to burn
site
is
sea
the
and
inappropriate
occurs
however,
handle
some
units,
via
the
to
LIZ-3,
out
wastes
of
maintenance
to
is
operation
inter-
(so that
used
which
and
dispose
ice
now
still
incinerators;
enough
sea
chemical
them
to
stat/ons
generation,
general
was
Line
are
power
the
cases
the
DEW
wastes
disposal
burning
on
fuel/oil
past
procedure
liquid
ship
Alaska
some
on
The
or
to
in
all
(including
waste
out
melted).
solid
In the
liquid
landfill,
ravines
to
significant
level
solid
common
are
In the
site.
40
Tropospheric
portions
Communication
the
EWS
capacitors,
and
rectifiers.
filled,
some
the
but
dielectric
cases
are
PCB
not
various
It
PO=-I
and
is
then
known
to
(or
some
asbestos
insulation.
have
spills
occurred
from
the
and
occurred
in
break
a fuel
in
induced
into
the
LIZ-3,
of
fuel
when
spill
oil
(5 gallons)
contamination
was
observed
have
been
of
to
did
in
any
landfills
the
replaced
flushed
The
discharge
should
generation
at
with
fluid
to
is
discharge
pose
no
in
1978,
separate
under
occurred
spills
IV-
the
lagoon.
during
2
had
had
spills
roughly
at LIZ-2
fuel
a minor
a spill
roughly
power
Two
unspecified)
also
largest
occasions
adjoining
these
POW-2
LIZ-3.
rubber
in
oil
resulted
POW-I
spilling
The
and
amount
hangar.
fuel
spill
secure_
and
degreasers,
that
a minor
waste
deteriorated
POW-2,
resulting
line,
pond.
also
the
1978,
In
spilled
POW-1,
(date
of
and
indicated
1973
spill
include
thinners,
transformers,
improperly
a fuel
of the
from
some
solvents,
in
an
line
were
other
whether
going
prior
POW-M,
vicinity
two
in
documentation
that
power
or
at
tundra
on
cases
but
interviews
periodically
Interviews
of
in
some
PCBs,
bicarbonate
oils,
magnitude.
break
a small
with
a larger
unspecified
are
at POW-M;
bladder,
nitrogen
problem.
occurred
movement
In
rectifiers
likely
sodium
capacitors
spills
fluid.
scaling/corrosion.
and
possibly
are
is no
or
resultant
fuels
these
or
other
transformers,
contain
there
is
control
associated
spilled)
to
and
past.
environmental
wastes
of
records
systems
The
of
transformers
the
with
tundra.
serious
it
that
in
neutralized
the
from
sites,
acid
known
capacitors,
exchange
sulfamic
Many
Although
LIZ-2
Heat
is
facilities
a variety
dielectric
clear
present.
past.
to
contain
transformers,
the
contain
fluid
it was
PCBs
at
of
Scatter
a corosion300
gallons
occurred
I0,000
house.
with
of
at
gallons
A minor
some
oil
resultant
No
direct
evidence
site
visits
except
where
fuel/oil
presently
are
was
disposed
generally
oils
are
the
either
burned
again,
many
power
houses
are
not
are
also
known.
is
sites,
(being
some
maintenance.
utilized
of
retrograded.
maintenance,
In many
fuel
of
the
are
in
onto
the
lists
generally
been
tundra
were
noted
stations.
Records
or
fluid
dielectric
fluid
capacitors
and
asbestos
as
are
of
by
been
the
vehicle
listed
have
but
commonly
used
are
in
been
1-1-1
used
solvents
also
(based
drummed
equipment
paint.
private
personnel
or
pilots
at POW-I
of use,
Oil
be
time
unavailable.
3
stored
private
facilities.
after
and
could
contractors
have
runway
abandoned.
IV
does
most
stations,
which
have
at many
Waste
to hangar
have
in
presence
tetrachloride)
the
Line
materials
waste
dielectric
already
lead-based
a sense
possible
the
solvents
used
the
activities
continue,
thinners
not
engines
transformers
some
BAR-M)
supply).
DEW
adjacent
has
at
probably
some
are
landfills.
non-military/non-FSl
thus
were
is
house
Deteriorated
carbon
stock
as
but
maintenance
the
Paint
supplies
These
in
still
is now
examinations
other
leaks.
of
and
containing
currently
also
filters
hours;
containing
concentrated
(including
1,000
filled,
switches
of
Power
capacitors
those
level
Many
trichlorethane
and
in
functions
Fuel
retrograded.
the
small
depot
placed.
every
nitrogen
disposed
Although
curtailed
of
BAR-M
with
insulation
changes
Breaker
present.
being
incineration.
or
of PCBs
transformers
of
oil
Once
are
or
of by
given
concentrations
on
currently
one
year
barrels
and
leaking
POW-2.
Table
2
in
sites
at
of
dump
use
and
any
quantities
' 2
42
LIST
OF
Table
2
POSSIBLE
MATERIAL
IN DISPOSAL
ON ALASKA
DEW LINE
waste oils
Transmission
fluids
PCB transformers/capacitors
l-l-I Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Asbestos
Old PBX telephone
equipment
Sewage
Mercury
vapor rectifier
tubes
Lead base paints
Paint thinners
Radioactive
tubes
Batteries
Scrap metal
Chlorinate
hydrocarbons
Radar
components
Calgon
corrosion
inhibitor
55 gallon
drums
(empty)
Lye
Lime
Corrosives
Antifreeze
Paper
Wood
Plastics
AVGAS
Valvolium
(solvent)
sul famic acid
Dynamite
Cathode
ray tube screens
RF interference
filters
(filters
of PCBs)
Filtron
tubes
Generators
Oscillators
Scopes
Meters
Vehicles
Trash
Copper
wire
Rubber
(fuel or water bladders)
Tin cans
Bottles
SOURCE:
Interviewees.
IV -
containing
small
SITES
amounts
2
B.
Disposal
Sites
Interviews
the
44
Air
during
sites.
Also
were
sites
21
have
reviewed
where
to the
into
which
HILL
Air
and
JRB
and
waste
the
principal
facilities
design
from
score
using
and
in Appendix
E.
this
following
identified
during
the
Alaska
DEW
for
each
summary
modlfied
site
of the
rating
for
rating
which
by
the
are
to
are
and
rating
included
site
given
IV-
was
modified
divided
characteristics,
to
evaluate
give
and
an
the
overall
A more
of
site
detailed
is included
each
site
visit
forms
along
completed
in Appendix
3.
for
Relative
assessment,
on Table
5
application
methodology
Search
the
U.S.
mechanisms
factors.
Records
of the
the
used
the
the
rated
for
factors
waste
combined
of
of
developed
contaminants,
evaluation
were
ranking
respectively.
weighting
Copies
migration
were
Program.
pathways,
are
is
and
22,
specific
Restoration
description
system,
stored
through
system
a brief
results
were
inspection
facilities
This
operation,
was
site
for
is
which
area
Virginia,
of 31
hazard
Line.
contaminated
15
contamination,
category
former
prioritized
Science
posed
appropriate
of
The
of
hazards
each
description
Agency.
practices,
targets
the
for
McLean,
receptors,
management
migration,
scores
of
consists
4 categories,
Figures
disposal
Installation
system
of
or
and
a potential
Engineering
Force
both
reviewed
14 current
petroleum
on
waste
Protection
of
migration.
had
, Inc.,
were
interviews
system
of
which
possible
and
for
potential
The
from
employees
identification
included
or other
a rating
Associates
CH2M
Line
illustrated
using
hazard
DEW
Evaluation
key
in the
chemical
those
and
present
sites
9 spills
Environmental
by
The
sites,
evaluated
JRB
Alaska
identified
and
and
resulted
a potential
These
by
the
and
past
FSI
study.
landfills,
the
and
along
this
might
with
Force
sites
Identification
43
using
F.
the
A
Table
3
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF SITE
Subscores
Site
b
(%)
of
ASSESSMENTS a
Maximum
Possible
Waste
Characteristics
Score
in Each Category
Waste
Management
Practices
<_
Receptors
Pathways
0.22
0.30
0.24
0.24
Old Dump Site
Sewage
Lagoon
Waste Petroleum Disposal
Current Dump Site
Drainage Cut Contamination
Old Dump Site--N.W.
Old Dump Site near Air Strip
29
29
29
29
25
29
40
49
31
54
54
57
31
31
50
40
50
50
50
50
50
51
35
41
51
7
51
48
45
34
44
47
36
40
39
Old
29
46
50
57
45
Old Dump Site--N.W.
Current
Dump Site
Fuel
Oil Spill
26
26
22
46
46
26
50
40
50
57
40
7
45
39
26
Sewage Disposal
Area
POL Storage
Area
Diesel Fuel Spill
Old Dump Site
Husky Dump Site
29
29
29
29
29
29
61
44
46
46
30
50
50
50
50
26
26
19
57
51
28
43
36
46
44
No.
Site
Description
Average
Score
(Weighted
Average)
DAR-M
1
2
3
4
8
9
12
POW-3
13
Dump Site--East
POW-2
16
17
20
POW-I
25
28
29
31
32
Subscores
Siteb
No.
(_)
of
Maximum
Possible
Score
Waste
Characteristics
0.24
in Each Category'
Waste Management
Practices
0.24
Receptors
0.22
Pathways
0.30
16
29
50
26
30
Fuel Spills
Power House
Current
Dump Site
Old Dump Site--South
25
22
26
38
26
29
50
50
50
16
34
41
33
33
36
Current Dump Site
Old Dump Site--North
Suspected Dump Site
26
32
32
52
40
40
50
50
50
56
57
57
48
45
45
Site
Description
Average
(Weighted
Score
Average)
POW-N
33
Diesel
Fuel
Storage
LIZ-3
37
38
39
LIZ-2
H
!
40
43
44
aBasis
of rating
system developed
by JRB Associates,
Inc.,
of McLean, Virginia,
and modified
by CH2H HILL
hand Engineering-Science
for application
to Air Force Installation
Restoration
Program Records Search.
Sites
5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 34, 35, 36, 41, and 42 were eliminated
from further
study and therefore
not rated.
Figures
15 through
22 illustrate
site
locations.
P_
_7
2
4G
I.
Landfills/Dump
The
DEW
Line
and
current
nearby
landfills/dump
sites
include
active
native
cleaned
up
Sites
initial
dump
some
Some
a result
of
an
identified
at
construction
sites,
villages.
as
sites
of
dump
sites
are
used
by
sites
have
been
older
ongoing
Alaska
type
of which
the
the
environmental
clean-up
project.
In most
1 acre
in
size.
which
is
dump
sites
also
with
other
site
cliff
part
is
Figure
of
the
operated
3
feet)
is
the
and
sites
that
these
23.
Site
of
into
the
were
in
descriptions
15
and
No.
i,
area
at
BAR-M
Beaufort
Sea,
to
the
in
from
is
LIZ-2
at
the
some
whose
edge
dump
of
a
north
to
batteries,
waste
food
IV-
This
at BAR-M
domestic
POL
drums,
waste,
8
the
old
adjacent
received
metal,
summarized
sewage
the
1978.
located
of
the
generated
waste,
are
approximate
on
16
is where
1956
the
follows:
between
animal
equipment,
tundra
The
covered
and
as
located
of Kaktovik
site
Kaktovik.
or
operation
are
Site
The
BAR-M
Lagoon.
sites
wastes
at
covered
hangar
identified
all
site
than
the
brought
were
from
less
in
exception
site
are
of waste
and
that
used
dump
village
gravel
the
BAR-M--Figures
o
the
disposing
The
Kasegaluk
sites
burned
or
site.
is
digging
either
behind
bordering
dump
native
by
materials
located
14
current
exception
by
waste
excavated
The
dates
used
(2 to
The
the
The
are
permafrost
trench.
cases,
fuel
storage
pond
and
dump
site
and
products,
vehicles,
trash,
and
was
received
the
to the
garbage,
site
the
village
site.
human
and
scrap
electronic
all
other
2
waste
generated
Disposal
at
into
Beaufort
the
mately
o
this
2 acres
Sea.
the
materials
dumped
(see
photos
in Appendix
Site
No.
dump
site
the
used
in
size.
1978
personnel
with
May
is
DEW
11,
photos
the
Site
No.
west
of
9 is
The
site
of
crushed
the
drums
building.
size
and
mately
located
used
was
Site
No.
used
during
some
short
received
drums,
12
is
period.
sea,
especially
site
was
was
site
village
in
operation
2 acres
by
BAR-M
in
compliance
dated
of
is uncontrolled
site
by
was
up
an
old
(Site
BAR-M
from
less
in
(see
metal
other
during
in
IV - 9
old
2 acres
in
approxi-
and
out
for
site
vehicles,
generated
winter
disposal
probably
This
occurred
1979-80.
4).
removed.
(1953-1956)
wastes
No.
1 acre
when
site,
debris,
miles
for
than
was
thereafter.
1.7
a burned
1979
dump
Dumping
up
removed
the
disposal
steel
scrap
approximately
cleaned
is
the
of
period
this
of
current
825.620
construction
all
been
site
briefly
construction
and
the
and
and
dump
cleaned
15 tons
were
approximately
and
This
most
an
A).
current
was
the
village
in Appendix
in
approximately
However,
by
approxi-
included
where
of
Instruction
1979.
materials
is
at
directly
was
site
has
controlled
Line
was
BAR-M
site
Disposal
dumping
site
this
village.
A).
both
and
the
project
at
This
June,
and
location
by
or
This
size
clean-up
4 is
site
included
environmental
since
o
the
site
in
of Kaktovik.
o
by
4?
during
into
months.
in size
the
This
and
°
2
48
POW-3--Fi_re
o
Site
17
No.
until
13
1971,
is
a dump
when
photos
in Appendix
than
i acre
in
size.
is
an
18
o
16
Site
No.
all
waste
1978,
1979,
1 acre
in
Site
No.
from
an
less
than
17
old
o
31
is
was
photos
o
the
site
from
It was
The
site
is
in
an
less
received
1956
up
was
to
in
less
1976.
After
handled
by
A).
size.
Site
No.
is
a current
32
operated
approximately
Force
1976.
by
site,
1980.
dump
in
in
site
is
than
modified
The
site
is
size.
1 acre
since
cleaned
dump
in
old
in Appendix
on Air
site
which
than
and
The
site
a current
dump
approximately
disposal
deactivated
dump
1980.
1 acre
19
No.
and
1956
was
A).
by
1978.
from
size.
POW-l--Fi_ure
Site
old
generated
approximately
used
station
(see
POW-2--Fi_ure
o
the
site
Husky
site
used
1976,
prior
site
Husky
Oil
Co.
This
site
is
dump
(see
less
maintained
Co.
It
is
located
1 mile
southwest
of
the
site,
property,
and
This
size.
IV - i0
Oil
site
waste
site
has
is less
been
than
in
use
1 acre
to
2
POW-M--Fiqure
o
20
Naval
Arctic
waste
disposal
Barrow
Research
native
21
o
38
Site
No.
been
in
Site
No.
use
39
in
Dump
is
(NARL)
site.
from
handles
Disposal
which
22
o
40
Site
No.
been
used
site
No.
used
from
a current
since
is
is
is
at
located
the
site
also
used
and
site.
site
south
cleaned
a current
since
43
dump
2 miles
is
dump
It has
1974.
an old
197%
LIZ-2--Figure
o
the
2 miles
approximately
closed
Lab
villagers.
LIZ-3--Fiqure
o
for
Municipal
approximately
by
49
of
up
dump
located
site.
in
It was
1979-80.
site
and
has
1978.
is
an old
1956
dump
to
1978.
an
old
site
It was
and
has
cleaned
been
up
in
1979-80.
o
Site
No.
44
villagers
It was
Spills
Nine
is
and
the
cleaned
up
site
Other
Possible
areas
where
spills,
contamination,
Iv-
site
from
1956
used
by
to
1980.
in 1979-80.
and
possible
dump
Contaminated
primarily
occurred
Ii
Areas
fuel
were
and
other
identified:
2
'50
BAR-M--Figure
15
o
Site No.
2 is a sewage
domestic
wastewater
lagoon
of
o
berm
from
and
the
to the
bottom
which
site.
The
permafrost
4 feet
are
receives
at
a
and bermed.
essentially
therefore,
the
lagoon
operates
evaporation.
Site
No.
3 is
mately
20
deep.
This
fuel
and
a small,
feet
in
pond
waste
a disposal
o
lagoon
approximately
impermeable;
by
16
is excavated
depth
The
and
diameter
is
pond
and
saturated
oil
site
circular
2 to
with
products
and
these
products.
for
approxi3
diesel
appears
Site No. 8 is an area where
the site
house)
to
discharges
drainage
cut
appears
to
antifreeze,
which
flowing
be
18
o
20
diesel
fuel
September,
the
contaminated
eventually
No.
to
discharged
POW-2--Fiqure
Site
washwater
is
goes
the
oil
site
spill
1978.
to
the
of
(power
There
possibly
drainage
cut
sea.
a 300-gallon
which
There
sea.
the
to
a natural
liquid,
to
feet
occurred
was
little
in
or
no
recovery.
POW-l--Figure
19
o
25
Site
No.
is
a domestic
area.
IV - 12
sewage
dlsposal
be
2
o
o
Site
No.
was
adjacent
pond.
Site
29
No.
in
a petroleum
observed
is
where
approximately
spilled
onto
storage
to
be
the
A).
There
line
gallons
ground
in
Site No. 33 is an undiked
ruptured
diesel
(see
photos
no recovery.
diesel
fuel tank
and was the site of a minor
fuel spill
(approximately
1974.
in approximately
300 gallons)
21
Site No. 37 is where two 10,000-gallon
spills
occurred
under the power
one in the early 1970's,
(see photos
in Appendix
Sites
Hazardous
Twenty-one
reviewed
Reviewed
Waste
BAR-M--Figures
house module,
A).
Approximately
spill was
but Not Rated as
Sites
sites,
during
fuel
the other in 1976
4,000 gallons from the second
recovered and used.
o
an
20
LIZ-3--Figure
Other
in
of
1978
was
ar_a.
collecting
fuel
25,000
the
Appendix
POW-M--Figure
o
is
Fuel/oil
and
o
28
primarily
storage
onsi_e visits
areas, were
and were not rated:
15 and 16
Site No. 5 is the location of several large
PCB-filled
transformers
the Tropospheric
Scatter
IV - 13
which
are in use at
Communication
building.
51
2
''
52
o
Site
No.
6 is
containment
o
Site No.
Site
7 is a storage
for
No.
i0
containing
the
to
o
is
No.
o
Site
No.
storage
farm/fuel
storage
area
Arctic.
Adjacent
to
fuel
lagoon
which
fuel
1%
used
from
an
unbermed
is
a deactivated
stockpile
solvents,
is
and
lube
farm,
is
inadequate
tanks.
diesel
fuel
drum
such
tank.
storage
fluids
as
anti-
oil.
a deactivated
undiked
fuel
area.
18
o
Site
No.
18
is
a dock
o
Site No.
area.
19
is
a petroleum
o
Site
No.
21
is
a drum
such
fluids
as
antifreeze,
o
tank
or more
is
to
15
one
POW-2--Fiqure
oil
no
lift.
a overflow
o
area
sea
the
17
No.
a tank
by
around
POW-3--Fi_ure
freeze,
is
11
Site
with
for materials
enclosure
contain
Site
tank
area
retrograde
diesel
diked
there
storage
berm.
scheduled
o
a fuel
storage
area.
products
storage
area
storage
containing
solvents,
and
lube
soap.
Site No.
22 is a diesel
IV
14
fuel
storage
area.
POW-1--Fi_ure
19
o
23
Site
No.
storage
2
is
a gasoline
Site
No.
24
is
a diesel
o
Site
No.
26
is
a drum
o
Site
and
material
area.
o
photos
storage
in Appendix
No.
fuel
storage
storage
area
area.
(see
A).
27
is diesel
fuel
beach
30
is
a vehicle
and
fuel
storage
tanks.
o
Site
No.
equipment
storage
area.
LIZ-3--Fiqure
21
o
Site
No.
34
is
a diesel
o
Site
No.
35
is
a drum
o
Site
No.
36
is
a gasoline
storage
22
o
Site
No.
41
is
a gasoline/fuel
o
Site
No.
42
is
a diesel
IV - 15
fuel
area.
area.
storage
LIZ-2--Fiqure
area.
storage
area.
storage
and
drum
area.
storage
5 3
mum
mm
V.
CONCLUSIONS
'_
'-,
,54
2
V.
CONCLUSIONS
A.
In general,
with
Line
sites
serious
problems.
The
by
site
no
generated
which
fuel
is
the
have
apparently
Line
C.
obtained
DEW
employees
Sine
wastes
Disposal
practices
of waste
onto
FSI
ongoing
wastes
D.
in
of
Soil
frost
of
stations
gradient
to
Accidental
but
this
is
practices
to
winter
key
quantities
o_
in the
included
of
past.
dumping
months.
program
undertaken
for
past
has
proper
the
disposal
dumped
in
present
in
sites,
pollutants
for
long-time
the
3 years
of
most
past.
existing
there
following
or
is
beyond
the
by
a low
the
reasons:
in
the
strata
above
the
permafrost
and
top
of
impermeable
low.
surface
layer
1960's
dumping
permeability
land
small
early
in
are
with
disposed
and
migration
waste
metal,
contribute
been
improperly
is moderately
The
that
directive
wastes
the
nor
clean-up
cleaned-up)
for
boundaries
2.
ice
removal
were
(and
potential
I.
the
hazardous
closed
in the
Air' Force
which
Where
have
sea
past
disposal
interviews
environmental
under
resulted
the
scrap
Seattle.
the
cause
indicates
may
in
of
problems.
through
hazardous
An
not
of
to
Current
environmental
Evidence
back
maintained,
amount
mostly
a problem
would
well
greatest
retrograded
control.
sites
were
consisted
been
under
significant
B.
each
currently
spills
at DEW
DEW
55
is
almost
facilitate
flat,
the
providing
lateral
V - 1
little
pollutant
permahydraulic
migration.
2
56
..
3.
The
permafrost
surface
and
layer
occurs
effectively
a few
prevents
feet
below
vertical
land
migration
of pollutants.
4.
The
ground
is
out
of
year,
the
pollutant
E.
Pollutant
during
F.
completely
further
is most
brief
snmmer
move
downgradient
above
into
streams,
Table
this
The
4
lists
highest
least
the
sites
sea.
8 months
liklihood
contaminant
arranged
No.
4,
by
(if
table
and
of
all)
rating
as
areas
Line
may
and
rated
migration,
DEW
at
contaminants
overall
identified
study,
occur
identified
their
were
For
where
the
sites
and
to
permafrost
the
23
likely
the
or
potential
additional
reducing
months
ponds,
investigation
following
at
migration.
migration
the
frozen
discharge
during
scores.
having
the
warranting
site:
BAR-M
i.
Sites
sites,
2.
i,
due
and
9, past
primarily
current
dump
Proximity
to
o
Suspected
small
Site
No.
to:
o
8,
and
Beaufort
Sea
quantities
contaminated
of hazardous
drainage
cut,
due
waste
primarily
to:
o
Proximity
and
discharge
o
Suspected
small
quantities
to Beaufort
v - 2
of
Sea
hazardous
waste
2
Table 4
PRIORITY LISTING OF RATED SITES
Site
No.
Overall
Score
SiteDescription
SITES WARRANTING
LIMITED
KDDITIONKL
STUDY
BAR-M
4
l
3
9
8
Current
Dump Site
Old D'"p.Site
Waste Petroleum Disposal
Old Dump Site, N.W.
Drainage Cut Contamination
47
45
44
40
36
Old Dump SAte--East
45
Old Du_
45
POW-3
13
POW-2
16
Site--NW
POW-I
31
32
28
Old Dump Site
Husky Oil D_
Site
POL Storage Area
46
44
43
Current Dump Site
Old Dmnp Site--North
Suspected _
Site
48
45
45
LIZ-2
40
43
44
V - 3
57
2
58
Site
No.
Site Description
Overall
Score
SITES NOT WARRANTING ADDITIONAL STUDY
BAR-M
2
12
Sewage Lagoon
01d D_n_pSite Near air Strip
34
39
Current Dump Site
Fuel Oil Spill
39
26
Diesel Fuel Spill
Sewage Disposal Area
36
28
Diesel Fuel Storage
30
Old Dump Site--South
Current Dump Site
Fuel Spills--Power House
36
33
33
POW-2
17
20
POW-I
29
25
FOW-M
33
LIZ-3
39
38
37
NOTE:
Sites 5, 6, 7, 10, II, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27,
30, 34, 35, 36, 41, and 42 were eliminated from further study
and not rated.
v
4
2
3.
Site
No.
3, waste
petroleum
disposal,
due
primarily
to:
o
Proximity
o
Observed
Site
No.
to Beaufort
Sea
contamination
POW-3
i.
13,
old
dump
site,
East,
due
primarily
to:
o
Proximity
to Mikkelsen
o
Suspected
small
Site
to:
No.
o
Proximity
to
o
Suspected
small
Bay
quantities
of
hazardous
waste
POW-2
1.
16,
old
dump
the
site,
N.W.,
Beaufort
due
primarily
Sea
quantities
of
hazardous
waste
POW-I
i.
Sites
due
2.
No.
31
primarily
and
32,
and
past
dump
sites,
to:
o
Proximity
to
o
Suspected
small
Site
No.
28,
current
the
current
Beaufort
quantities
POL
to:
V
- 5
storage
Sea
of hazardous
area,
due
waste
primarily
59
2
G9
o
Observed
contamination
o
Proximity
Site
No.
o
Direct
o
Suspected
to
surface
water
LIZ-2
i.
2.
Sites
40,
No.
current
dump
site,
disposal
into
Kasegaluk
small
43
and
due
quantities
44,
old
dump
primarily
to:
Lagoon
of
hazardous
sites,
due
waste
primarily
to:
G.
The
o
Proximity
to populated
area
o
Proximity
to
Lagoon
o
Suspected
small
following
sites
are
significant
hazard
not
additional
warrant
for
Kasegaluk
quantities
not
study:
BAR-M
Sites
No.
2
and
12.
No.
17
and
20.
No.
25
and
29.
POW-2
Sites
POW-I
Sites
v
of
considered
migration
6
of
(nearby
village)
hazardous
to pose
contaminants
waste
a
and
do
2
61
POW-M
Site
No.
33.
LIZ-3
Sites
H.
The
No.
37,
following
potential
38,
and
sites
were
for migration
from further
assessment.
study
39.
reviewed
and
and not
were
and deemed
therefore
included
in the
BAR-M
J
Sites
No.
5, 6, 7, 10,
and ll.
POW-3
Sites
No..14
and
15.
POW-2
Sites
No.
18,
19,
21,
22,
No.
26,
27,
and
30.
No.
34,
35,
and
36.
No.
41
23,
POW-1
Sites
LIZ-3
Sites
LIZ-2
Sites
and
42.
V - 7
and
24.
to have
no
eliminated
site
rating
Hi
IBm
VI.
2
RECOMMENDATIONS
G2
Little
was
found
a very
direct
during
evidence
limited
the
have
Records
program
of verification,
migrated
offsite.
Phase
sampling
various
identified
be
collected
environmental
any
possible
each
site
and
sources-of
be
is
was
efforts
or where
and
analyzed.
In
continue
that
purposes
observed
to
include
streams
appropriate
near
soil
addition,
the
samples
the
in order
contamination.
as
for
should
ponds
migration
recomm__nded
implemented
material
II
should
contaminant
it
be
of shallow
clean-up
should
II)
disposed
surface-water
should
Search,
(Phase
some
sites
of hazardous
to
ongoing
remove
Additional
study
at
follows:
_BAR-M
o
Site
No.
2-foot
I,
old
intervals
at a point
dump
Site
No.
No.
Note:
No.
from
land
north
Analyze
soil
for
the
samples
organic
petroleum
analyze
soil
surface
of
volatile
waste
and
organic
Site
3,
site--Collect
feet
phenols,
sample
o
20
site.
PCBs,
o
dump
to
the
north
for
samples
permafrost
edge
of
heavy
and
compounds,
greases
the
metals,
and
disposal--collect
oils
at
pH.
water
and
volatile
compounds.
4,
current
dump
site--Similar
to
Site
1 above.
Heavy metals
analyses
hexavalent
chromium,
and silver.
should
cadmium,
vI - 1
include
total chromium,
lead, mercury,
selenium,
2
64
o
Site
No.
water
drainage
sample
sample
o
8,
for
from
heavy
drainage
ditch.
metals,
pH,
and
solvents,
specific
conductance.
Site
9,
sample
old
from
drainage
PCBs,
volatile
dump
volatile
of
organic
grease,
PCBs,
compounds
and
water
disposal
sample
for
compounds,
a
Analyze
N.W.--Collect
side
Analyze
oil
organic
site,
downstream
ditch.
contamination--Collect
this
phenols,
No.
cut
area
heavy
pH,
in
metals,
and
specific
conductance.
POW-3
o
Site
No.
13,
water
sample
heavy
metals,
compounds,
old
dump
from
nearby
PCBs,
and
site,
East--Collect
pond.
phenols,
specific
surface-
Analyze
pH,
sample
volatile
for
organic
conductance.
POW-2
o
Site
No.
16,
sample
from
sample
for
organic
old
dump
site,
downstream
side
heavy
metals,
compounds,
and
N.W.--Collect
of
dump
phenols,
specific
water
site.
pH,
Analyze
volatile
conductance.
POW-I
o
o
Site
No.
28,
POL
storage
small
pond
sample
from
area.
Analyze
Site
No.
from
nearby
dump.
phenols,
31,
old
dump
saltwater
Analyze
pH,
sample
sample
and
area--Collect
area
for
adjacent
oils
and
water
to
storage
grease
and
site--Collect
water
pond
to
for
volatile
vI - 2
adjacent
heavy
organic
metals,
TCE.
sample
site
PCBs,
of
compounds.
old
2
o
Site
No.
32,
Husky
sample
from
the
site.
Analyze
Oil
pond
area
sample
phenols,
pH,
specific
conductance.
Site
40,
dump
for
volatile
site--Collect
adjacent
heavy
organic
to
water
the
metals,
dump
PCBs,
compounds,
and
LIZ-2
o
from
site.
Analyze
and
Sites
to
the
pH,
In the
field
migration.
the
be
Details
exact
as part
may
location
of
the
during
heavy
to
program
sampling
old
VI - 3
the
dump
phenols,
dump
sites
water
adjacent
sample
metals,
from
phenols,
compounds.
are
detected
effort,
quantify
from
more
the
outlined
points,
II program.
to
metals,
for heavy
this
necessary
of
adjacent
pond--Collect
organic
water
compounds.
both
contaminants
of the
Phase
44,
sample
volatile
collected
efforts
small
that
for
organic
and
site--Collect
Lagoon
sample
Analyze
event
samples
43
same
and
dump
Kasegaluk
volatile
No.
pond.
soil
current
sample
pH,
o
No.
should
water/
extensive
extent
above,
be
of
including
finalized
65
im
am
REFERENCES
2
6G
nu
Rm
REFERENCES
1.
Selkregg,
Region,"
2
Lidia
The
Information
2.
Brown,
R. J.
Permafrost
and
Data
E.
and
U.S.G.S.
Map
4.
1-44,
Center,
O.
L.
America
Permafrost
J.
Miscellaneous
Profiles,
Arctic
Arctic
Environmental
1975.
T.
"Distributions
and
Permafrost.
Jr.,
Regional
of Alaska,
P4w4,
in North
International
Ferrians,
"Alaska
University
Environment,"
3.
L.
67
Its
Relationship
Proceedings,
Conference,
"Permafrost
Geologic
of
to
Second
the
1973.
Map
of
Alaska,"
Investigations,
1965.
Bird,
Kenneth
Slope
in
J.
Alaska,
Interior,
Geologic
February,
1981.
"Petroleum
U.S.A.,"
Survey,
Exploration
U.S.
Open
R - 1
of
Department
File
Report
of
the
North
the
81-227,
wm
mm
FIGURES
2
G8
Ctt2M
(;NI4649
POW-M
Scale in Miles
loo
HILL
2o0
oft See
LIZ-3
POW-2
LIZ-2
POW-3
BAR-M
Arctic Ocean
Bering Sea
f
/
_
Scale In Miles
0
0
2oo
400
I)()
DECISION TREE
CompleteList
of Locatlons/SlteS
Evaluation
ofPastOperations
at_,steel
S=tes
Contammatmn
[_
I
Potantialfor
[_
DeleteSites
P°tentialf°r
Migration
DeleteSites
Referto Base
Environmental
Program
I
Listof Sites
to be
Evaluated
e.,orl.lOll_te
Site Data
1
ApplyAF
HazardRating
Methodology
Site Rating
_,
Conclusions
I
PHASE I
INSTALLATION
RESTORATION PROGRAM
Recommendations
AF Evaluationof ContraCtor
I
Recommendations
in ConjunCtion
Wltl'l
Other
Installations
I
PhaseII
FIGURE 2. Records Search Methodology.
CH2M HILL
GN14649
[)()
I%1
RGURE 3. Physiographic
map.
.._
Ct42M
HILL
(;NI4tH(J
()(I
I
|
(._
POW-M
0
(_
(7
._
._
4"
Pew-1
_7,.
LIZ-3
......
Pew-2
,'_ pew-3
LIZ-2
..i
BAR-M ,,
o_t
LEGEND
i
i
%-
Alluvlum,
Shale,
Recent
IlmeslOne,
sandslooe,
=Jltstone, chert,
ir-
j.J-"
•
Scare in Mdes
---
0
50
I':':" |
Clay,editamid,gravel,Pleislocene
I:;;_;:l
Sheftl. sandstone,
Cretaceous
,
IOO
Limestone,
_..
/
FIGURE
4.
=
Geologic
.-_
I..'--'.:;t
shale,
congl_te,
sandstone,
Jurassic.
end
chert,
Mlsslssipplsn
to Permian,
also quartzite
schist, metamorphic
rocks, Devonian
and older
map.
I",,3
CII2M
IIILL
(bN|dl)4
South
North
Footballs
Feet
MSL
_
0
() I)l)
Suitand Sand
----
Coastal Plain
DEW Line Site
Jr
,,/
"" Gublk Format=on,sand
"
Arctic
, -m-- -_.,,---;--.__ L
'._:_ "o ° "T-"4" •
gravel, suit,clay
.....
" "=._- "-"_"_ _
Ocean
_
"'i - " i
1,000
Tertiary, Cretaceous, and Jurassic
sandstones, shales, and conglomerates
o o o
,_ ,_
o
,_
_,
o
.
o
,_.
o
o
.
_,*
2.000
.
" .'
•
'
*
o
" :
"
,",',,'
Mississlppian
through Jurassic
limestone,
siltstone,shale,
and
sandstone
3,000 -
I
• • • - .°
I
,
I
.
I
•
•.
:
I
I
•• °
. . t
I
I
.
.•
•
I
i.
-•
Devonian and older metamorph=c
quartzite schists, marble, slate
FIGURE
5. North-south
geologic cross section through Barrow POW-M.
(Not to scale)
..,j
2
4Z_
(J
o
74
dlJ_,SJie _-_V_
}.o dew
e6euJe_peoei_nS "Z _n_Dl..-I
(:II2M IIII
( ,Nl_14_ltl IIC_
,,
Walef
Warehouse
Sea
•
Trmn
Slalqon
Layout
Antenna
"_.___
Hangar
POL
(:_
Storage
Freshwaler Lake
,I,
T
--b.-
*
-
2
,
(__
Scale in Feel
FIGURE
9,
Surface
drainage
map of POW-2
@
Sea
C112M
Freshwater
IIILI
(,NI41)*lql
Lake
llll
Sea
,'_
Oil
,_,
Tanks
POL
Storage
Pad 1
Train
Station Layout,
St_age
_
Garage
,,,
" '
- o',
,o_,_
•
,
•
,
"" •
,o
,%
0
•
, ,
,
O01l
•
400
FIGURE
10.
Surface
drainage
map
of POW-1.
_'-o
( II?M
IIII
I
( ,NI,1tJ,I(I
IIII
Sea
_
D_sel
Od
Tanks
Vehicle
•
'
Lake
Sail Water Lagoon • :
•
StahonLayouI
HF/_r
Ground
•
" ," ,°
to
, ;,
_
"_ ,
_,"
OuUel to Ocean
•
;
"
,
+'
•
Scale
on Feel
Anlenna
r,o
FIGURE
11. Surface
drainage
map of POW-M.
,,,.3
( II?M IIII
I
I,NI,atPtl_li
I"
/
f
_ ,,/
Fre'shwdter
._
Lake
Airstrip
Water
Storage _, Garage /
Tanks "_
÷
Stahon Layout Module
Trean
I
MOGAS_...._
Rubber
Bladder
Wast eTanks
_./
I
J_'
__t.-
= Scale =nFeet
0
FIGURE
12. Surface
drainage
map of LIZ-3.
400
800
¢
CH2M HILL
:
GN14649
Wealhe¢ Balloon
Inflation OIdo
•
Lake
• ,
,>
Freshwater
,
_
_
To _
Site
No. 0
/i
Warehouses
MOdu_ea
Train
"",.. _":',"
•
"_ <" , _i
• ,,,
- ,
'_
ii
|
"
",,
,,,HL
L_
,:L
,-,<>
I)0
_•,
• >_ ".
> : ,
StationLayoul
HF Air to
"";',
"? ,
House
,'_
• e
/
,
Relay
/
LZ•'"
/
/
1 Mile
to Village I
ol Kakiovik
I/
Scale in Feet
"" "
:l _;
[
0
:, ,,," ,
>
_ ,
....,
$
4(]0
800
_,b
ii
FIGURE 15. Location map of sites reviewed at BAR-M.
RGURE 16. Location map of sites rewewed at BAR-M.
CH2M
tlILL
GNI4649
I}o
I
_ , ,_
....
,
;ration Layout
FIGURE 17. Location map of sites reviewed at POW-3.
_,,i •
Freshwater Lake
_':
" " ",
'_, _ ": .
(_
';"
2
y
_/,
,
' "_Sea " +"
%%
;
mo =o
I I II
RGURE
_ ++,+,,,',"
,
@ .....
2,
ScaleIn Feel
<_.
18. Location map of sites reviewed at POW-2.
II
III II II
I f
co
CH2M
HILL
[;N14649
l)O
Sea
FIGURE 20. Location map of sites reviewed at POW-M.
c_
co
CH2M
• .
HILL
GNI4649
..
_"
2_.
"
.........
,cf
%
|
"/
<
..
q,
/
,
()(I
Lake
Akstnp
e_
e •
• ^
•i,"
.:, """ " >
Tanks\ _.w.
_
I
uooo_i
i.
_•
•_
x
'," ,,
, ,,,
"
•
,
.
•_ .
•
"
, e,
.....
" "
",
.
",
-q,
'
_.
' _
"
_ ,
o
"Tanks
HFAJrIo
: +,
"
GroundAntenna
"'" "
.
.
. ;'_.
,
•
--
Rubber
Bladder
(MOGAS)
" '
Scale
in Feet
-2 Miles
i iii iiiiiiiii
_No 3g
,,ToSite
__
38
FIGURE21. Locationmapof sitesreviewedat LIZ-3.
_
,oo _
co
FIGURE 22. Location map of sites reviewed at LIZ-2.
\
_,_
('II2M IIIII
DEWLme Dump Sites
APPROXIMATE
1950
No
1--North
l,Nl41bl_)l_i
1960
DATES
1970
1980
Site
No 4--Current Site
i
•
BAR-M -No 9--N W Site
No 12--A=rstnp Site
POW-3 ---_
F
POW-2
L
No 13--East S=te
No 16--South S=te
No 17--Current Sale
POW-1 .__J'-- NO 3t--Lagoon
LIZ-3
Site
L
No 32--Husky
5
No 32--South i,_=mpSde
Dump
No 38--Current Dump Site
LIZ-2
BB •
i
i
i
IN
No 39--Oid Dump S=te
___NoNo 43
40--Current
Old DumpDump
S=te Site
P_
FIGURE 23, Historical summary of landfill activities on the Alaskan DEWLine
2
mm
mm
Appendix
A
PHOTOGRAPHS
92
CH2M
HILL
2
RGURE A-1. Abandoned dump site cleaned up in 1979, BAR-M (Site No. 1).
RGURE A-2. Current dump site usedby both BAR-M and village of Kaktovik (Site No. 4).
93
Q
Q
O3
%-
z
E9
k
FIGURE A-3. Flaxman Island, POW-3, looking south.
RGURE A-4. Dump site at Flaxman Island, POW-3 (Site No. 13_.
O
Cr)
(,_
RGURE A-5. Dump site at Husky Oil used by POW-1 (Site No. 32).
RGUFIIE A_. _'u_--con,_ff,l_a_eopono adjacent to fuel storage POW-1 (Site No. 28}.
2
CH2M
HILL
0
RGURE A-7, Typical drumstoragearea,POW-1(SiteNo. 26).
FIGUREA-8. LIZ-3 powerhousefuelspill site(SiteNo. 37).
96
2
me=
Appendix
B
RESUNES OF _,_.:f TEAM MEMBERS
97
2
•
GARY E. EICHLER
HydrogeologJst
Education
M.S.,
Engineering Geology, University
of Florida,
1974
B.S , Construction
and Geology, Utica College of Syracuse
Un=versity,
1972
Experience
Mr. Eichler has been responsible
for ground-water
projects
for both water supply and effluent disposal.
Studies have
included site selection,
well design, construction
services,
monitoring
and testing programs,
determination
of aquifer
characteristics,
and well field design,
Examples ofproiects
on which Mr. Eichler has worked include
•
Palm Coast, Florida.
Conducted a test well program
to determine available
ground-water
resources
of a
250,000-person
coastal development.
•
Live Oak, Florida.
Determination
of geologic conditions ata pond failure site; identification
of failure
causes and recommendation for redesign of the fatality
compatible with site geology.
m
Quaker Oats Company, Belle Glade, Flomda.
Test
pumping and water quality sampling for an injection
well facility;
provided operational design criteria
for the disposal system and determined aquifer
characteristics.
•
St. Augustine,
Florida.
Prepareda
program of
exploration
and testing to locate a future supply of
water; determined
hydrogeologic
conditions,
located
potential well sites, and initiated a test program
Pmor to joining CH2M HiLL in 1976, Mr. Eichler was an
engineering
geologist with Environmental
Science and
Engineermg,
Inc., of Gainesville,
Florida.
Respons=b_litles
there included project management,
soils investigations,
siting studies,
ground-water
and surface-water
reports,
and federal and state environmental
impact studies
He
has professional
capabilities
in the following
areas.
•
Hydrogeology.
Water supply well location, aquifer
testing,
well field layout,
injection well testing and
monitoring
program
design,
and well construction
inspection.
•
Water resources inventory.
water weld,
and availability
4
Potentiometrlc
determinations.
mapping.
98
2
9'-3
GARY E. EICHLER
•
Site investigatfons.
Determinat=on
of subsurface
conditions,
primar=ly
in soil media. Determ=nation
of strat=graphic
correlation
and assoczated physical
properties
for engineering
des=gn.
•
Environmental
permitting.
Federal,
state, regional,
and local permit studies associated with industrial
and mining projects.
•
Clay mineralogy.
Clay mineral reactions primarily
associated with lime stabilization
for highways and
other engineering
projects.
Participated
=n a
Brazilian
highway project and developed laboratory
analysis for lime-soil reactions.
•
Engineering
geology.
Geologic exploration,
soil
property determinations
for engineering
design,
and water and earth materials interactions
associated
with construction.
•
Geophysics.
Well logging and tnterpretation.
Mr. Eichler directed the laboratory analysis of tropical
soils to determine engineering
properties and reaction
potential with lime additives for a Brazilian
highway proJect.
He also assisted in the preparation
and presentation
of a
seminar on lime stabilization
sponsored by the Nat=onal
Lime Association.
Membership
in Organizations
American Water Resources Association
Association of Engineering
Geologists
Geological Society of America
Southeastern
Geological Society
Publications
Engineering
Properties
and Lime Stabilization
of Tropically
Weathered Soils.
M.S. thesis, Department of Geology,
University
of Florida.
August 1974.
2
•
lOO
BRIAN H. WINCHF_STER
Ecologis=
Education
B.S., Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, 19"/3
Experience
Mr. Winthester'$ responsibilities at CH2M_HILL include project management, desilpl and implementation of field sampling programs, data analysis
and interpretation, impact assessment' and prediction, environmental
planning for impact mitilpttion, report preparation and review, and
technical consulting at ¢tieflt-agency hearings. He has applied his
expertise to numerous Environmental Impact Statements eElS's),
Developments of Regional Impact (DRI), and industry, power plant,
and 208 studies.
•
Trident Submarine Base ElS--Managed terrestrial and wetland biology
subproject. Designed and directed quarterly field sampling and
analyses for coastal sites in Rhode Island, Virginia, South Carolina,
Georgia, and Flodda` Prepared terrestrial and wetland portions
of draft and final EIS.
•
Gulf Int,_coas_l Waterw W ElS-Conducted flora/fauna a.ssessment
of biota along the 300-mile Intracoastal Waterway in coastal Louisiana.
Assessedimpacts of maintenance dredging.
•
California Lake Watershed EIS--Inventoried and mapped biotic
communities for a 9-Scluare.mile watershed in Dixie County, Florida.
Assessed impacts of flood control channeiization of major
wat_r¢ou_
•
Phosphate Industry DRl's--Managed or assisted in preparing five
phosphate mine DRl's in central Florida. Hetped develop mining
and reclamation plans and provided technical input at client/agency
hearings. Also provided biological baseline and impact assessment
dataforbeneficiation
plantsitings.
•
Residential
Development DRl's-Conducted bioticcommuniW inventorh
delineated
wetlands,and preparedDRI's forthreeproposedresidential
developmenl_incentraland southernFlorida.
•
WetlandsStudi_Developed cost-effective,
time-effective
methodology
for estimatingthe ecological
valueof freshwaterwetlandsand
appliedthe techniqueto over800 wetlandsincentralpeninsular
Florida.Assessedpotentialdredgeand fillimpactson numerous
wetlands.
•
Transportation/Corridor
Srudies--Evaluated
biologlcalimpacts
_L_soc_atedwith alternative routines of ma)or new highways in
Pineilas and Duval Counties, Florida. Assessed environmental
impacts of upgrading a telephone communications corridor extending
from Windermere to Tampa.
Described b_oca and prepared a
negative declaratlon for a proposeci interstate h=gnway raterchange m Flagler County.
" 2
I01
•
Power Plant Studie-_nducted
s-,dy of aquatic biota entrained
at a Miami gene_ting Sl_tion. Assessed impacts of blowdown on
plant communities surrounding two Florida generating stations.
Assisted in delineation of biotic communities for a gene_tlng
station expansion in Crystal River, Florida.
Prepared environmental assessmentsfor siting power plan_ in western and northeastern Washington.
•
Industry Studies--Managed a 2-year biological monitoring program
to _
potential impact3 of indusl_ial effluents in upper Escambia
Bay. Conducted baseline terrest_'ial and aquatic quarterly sampling
for a clean fuels facility to be located adjacent to an estuau'ine
area in Jacksonville, Florida. Predicted SO2 and NO x air emission
impacts on vegetation for a proposed ¢aprolactam facility in southern
Alabama. Contributed to preliminary biological inventories of
limestone quarr3, and processing plantsites in ¢entraJ and coastal
Alaba.m_.
•
208 Studies--Mapped and assigned value classifications for all
nonmarine wedands in Pasco, Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee
Counties, Rorida, for Tampa area 208.
•
Rare and Endangered Biota Research--Managed and designed a
research project on the ecology and management of" a recently
rediscovered endangered mammal. Conducted numerous endangered
biota inventories.
Membership in Oripmizadom
Ecological Soc_=ty of America
Publications
"An Approach =o Valuation of. Florida Freshwater Wetlands." Proceedings
of the Sixth Annual Conference on the Remtomrion end Creation of
Wetlands, 1979 (with L. D. Harris).
The Current Status of. the Colonial Pocket Gopher.
1978 (with R. S. DeLotelle).
Oriole 43:33-35.
Ecology and Management of the Colonial Pocket Gopher: A Progress
Report. Proceedings of the Rare ond Endongered Wildlife .Tymposium,
Athens, Georgia, 1978 (with R.S. DeLotelle, J. R. Newman, and J.T.
McClave).
The Eco/oglco/ Effecz_ of Arsenic Emitted from Nonferrous 5melters.
Final Report for U.5. EPA, Washington, D.C. (with Francis E. Benenati
and Timothy P. King) February 1976.
2
•
BARBARA J. BRITT
EngineeringAMe
Education
Currently enrolled in pre-englneermg programat Santa Fe Junior College,
Gamesville, Florida
High School Diploma, Santa Fe High School, Alachua, Florada, 1973
Experience
Ms. Britt's primary responsibdities with the firm involve geophysical
logging of water wells. Logs have included resistance, gamma ray,
temperature, fluid conductivity, caliper, and flowmeter. She has also
worked with a motorized depth sampler. Other responsibilities include
data reduction and analysis. Examples of her project-related experience
include:
•
Pumping test and data analysis for the City of St. Augustine,
Florida.
•
Geophysical loggingfor the City of Pompano, Florida.
•
Hydrogeologicdata reduction and analysisfor the Orlando Utilities.
Commission,Orlando, Florida.
•
Geophysacalloggingfor the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Authority
deep-injection wells, to a depth of 3,000 feet in a limestone aquifer.
Before joining the Water ResourcesDep._rtment, Ms. Britt worked in
the Word ProcessingDepartment as assistantsupervisor.
102
103
• GUS ANDRESS
Cw,l/SanJtary Engineer
Education
M.S., Enwronmental Engineering, University of Southern Cahforma,
1977
B.S., Structural Engineering, California State Polytechnic University,
1975
B.S., Water Quality Engineering, California State Polytechnic University,
1975
Experience
Mr. Andress joined CH2M HILL In the Anchorage office in 1979. His pr,mary responsibilities include providing project management and enlpneering support on a variety of projects within Alaska.
Examples of his project experience include the following:
K
3.
1
8
0
•
Structural design of the Ocean Cape dock and warehouse renovation at Yakutat.
•
Design and construction management supervision of a village
safe water facility at Aklachak. Total facility includes wood
building, water and sewage treatment, laundry, showers, and
honeybucket dump, soils investigations; water treatability
studies; and water well drilling
•
Evaluation of water, sewer, and fuel oil utdities for three pump
station camps for Alyeska Pipeline Service Company
•
Design of pipe supports for above-ground portion of water and
sewer utlhtles at Barrow.
•
Design of water intake structure for salmon hatchery m southwestern AJaska.
•
Site investigation, review of water treatability studies for Eagle
River water investigation for Municipality of Anchorage.
•
Design of new water line to serve city clock for City of Homer.
Before joining CH2M HILL, Mr. Andress was employed as a structural
engineer with Arctic Structures, Inc, Anchorage. His responsibilities included structural desmgnof shop and camp faclhtles for the od support
industries at Prudhoe Bay Previous experience at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, Ca{,fornJa, included extensive research and development on act{rated carbon wastewater treatment and coal desulfunzatlon by (ow temperature chiormolysis prolects
2
'1U,;
cus ANORESS
Professional Engineering Registration
Alaska, Cahforma
Membership in Organizatiom
• Alaska Water Management Association
American Public Works Association
California Water Pollution Control Association
Water Pollution Control Federatton
Public_tiom
Preltmmary Report: Activated Carbon Treatment System (ACTS) for the
Treatment of Mun,cipal Wastes. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena,
Califorma, 1977
Coal Desulfurizatlon by Low Temperature Chlonnolysls, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California. 1978
un
2
mmmm
Appendix C
OUTSIDE AGENCY
CONTACTS
lo5
mm Appendix
c
ml O_SIDE AG_
CO.ACTS
1.
Environmental
Fairbanks,
Chuck
2.
Caraway,
Dwayne
3.
4.
5.
Fish
12th
Don
Ross,
7.
Richard
Reger,
University
9.
Road,
99701
Institute
of
of Arctic
Alaska
Alaska,
Regions
Road,
Cold
Fairbanks,
Biology,
99701
and
Terry
Chapin,
907/479-7153
Research
Alaska
Engineering
99701
907/479-7637
Anchorage,
Alaska
Interior,
99501
907/271-3632
Environmental
Street,
of
Information
Anchorage,
Underwood,
Department
99701
907/479-7077
of
Jers,
Institute,
Alaska
Fairbanks,
Johnson,
Larry
Alaska
907/479-7496
College
A
Refuge,
Geophysical
Fairbanks,
Department
707
National
Fairbanks,
Alaska,
Bursdate,
Arctic
Arctic
of Alaska,
University
Lou
8.
of
Road,
Larry
99701
907/452-1951
College
Lab,
Region,
211/Zenith-9000
Avenue,
University
Bob
Alaska
Wildlife,
101
Northern
99701
Fairbanks,
and
Department,
907/452-1714
Taylor,
College
6.
Conservation
Alaska
Alascom,
2
Alaska
Data
Center,
99501
907/279-4523
Fish
and
Game,
C - 1
Mel
Bucholtz,
907/452-1531
_0G
2
I_ _ I0.
Ii.
12.
Husky
Oil, Anchorage,
Alaska
John Schindler,
907/279-4566
U.S.
Geological
218
E
Max
Brewer,
EPA,
Street,
701
13.
Operations
of
Alaska
99501
907/271-5083
Conservation,
99801
907/465-2666
U.S.
Fish
and
1011
East
Tudor
Howard
99501
Office,
Environmental
Alaska
Boggs,
Alaska
Anchorage,
La Mororeaux,
Juneau,
14.
Anchorage,
C Street,
Department
A1
Survey,
907/276-4566
Alaska
Bill
99501
Metsker,
Wildlife
Street,
Service,
Anchorage,
907/263-3510
C - 2
Alaska
99501
2
lib
lie
Appendix
HISTORY
D
OF T_
DEW
LINE
108
2
"E
II
Appendix D
HISTORY OF THE DEW
LINE
In 1952,
apparent
destructive
United
it became
airborne
States
time,
a jet
within
the
adequate
_anada
aircraft
warning
that
a research
"Summer
Study
and
team
of
and maintenance
to the
scientists'
The
research
the
the
team,
assembled
fall
1952,
survive
with
summer,
Pole,
and
first
test
the
strange
equipment
Island,
up the
first
240
DEW
miles
currents
(Distant
the
experiments,
changed
the
equipment
had
problems
reached
a feasible
on the DEW
the
until
radar
and
systems
by
the
Arctic
team
Line.
1
set
out
that
could
storms
Magnetic
The
Force
to
to set
outpost.
modified,
was
in
radio
Circle,
Line
scientists
the
Institute
lights.
the Air
Warning)
as
electric
of the North
and practical
D
warning
Force.
immediately
of the
Early
During
Air
of northern
airlifted
north
was
name
invention,
as close
in winter,
phenomenon
was
(code
early
by the
electronic
-60°F
fluctuating
Barter
they
of
community
The
bases,
inventing
associated
an environment
in the
and
its
cities
at Massachusetts
the
equipment
problem.
accepted
Laboratories,
of
the
giving
scientists
air
Lincoln
and
major
military
positioned
of Technology,
summer
placed
At that
before
of a distant
enemy
recommendation
our
of
mission.
system,
threatening
enemies
cargo
handpicked
to solve
possibility
jeopardy.
place
ultimate
communication
possible
easily
possibility,
Group")
installation,
radar
its
the
potential
of its A-bomb
of
with
by
in critical
could
perimeter
Faced
formed
and
attacks
that
/O9
satisfied
approach
designed,
that
to technical
2
110
A training
complete
the
with
radome
center
to
at
boxlike
to
proved
expand
center
in
Streator,
structures
simulate
actual
adequate
until
order
to
Illinois,
of
line
to
DEW
when
the
developed
Line
station
conditions.
1963,
adjust
the
was
The
it became
added
load
and
training
necessary
of
the
Greenland
sites.
In December
a result
gave
of
the
approval
It was
of
The
Bell
chain
of
coast.
System
radar
with
and
were
of
These
problems
had
set
up
This
camp
War
its
were
assembled
to
be
the
50-mile
Canadian
be
572.
tested
proposed
could
in
DEW
gain
Company
for
Line
time
having
became
and
T_he
engineering,
operation
systems
of
the
on Alaska's
these
segment
of
job.
met
the
north
stations
fully
and
was
a first-time
Construction
threat.
at The
and
Fortunately,
solved
by
The
norThernmost
many
Navy,
point
which
of
the
Alaska.
working
heated
placed
in
headquarters
hangar,
on
intervals
border
Alaska
a constant
been
provided
In
to
the
Barrow,
project.
at
we
initial
for
II camp
Line
located
original
Project
land.
and
phase
problems
Point
would
responsibility
of
survival
continent,
Plan,
as
1 year.
every
a World
and
Electric
called
construction
almost
accomplishments
that
communication
within
for
the
own
Western
schedule
operational
The
our
action
effort
felt
installation,
The
event
It was
contractor,
construction,
of
took
Defense
initial
two-thirds
on
Department
Group's
System
_he
in Alaska
primary
DEW
in Canada.
know-how
Defense
Study
the
that
because
be
the
Summer
decided
Alaska,
would
1952,
sled-like
from
the
the
Cape
east.
D - 2
for
first
the
of
transports
Lisburne
18
DEW
modules
to
in the
be
west,
2
Three
station
types
bridged
warehouse
facilities
Auxiliary
station
and
equipped
for
and
doppler
type
of one
radar
etc.,
radar;
they
fences
between
(2) the
train,
a single
The
and
to provide
facilities;
of
equipped
and
(3)
5-module
"I"
sites
served
as
Main
Main
building
rotating
25-module
facilities.
radar
the
for its sector;
self-support
rotating
(i)
25-module
shops,
consisting
support
with
with
support
consisting
station
essential
two
for garages,
radar
Intermediate
constructed:
equipped
and logistics
rotating
were
of approximately
together,
service
with
stations
consisting
trains
full
of
III
train
were
anchor
and
the
not
points
Auxiliary
stations.
1953
the
The
Alaska
Experimental
and
proved
by
DEW
coast
Line
of
In
1957
civilian
1963,
61
the
sites
of
stations
into
early
warnings.
The
original
DEW
six
sectors,
each
security,
that
were
derived
Cape
Dye,
BAR
on the DEW
the
Line
the main
sector
deslgnation,
establishes
to
stretching
the
east
was
were
was
BAR-l,
radar
a
Until
there
surveillance
the
and
contractor
communication
500
were
Island,
the
to
deactivated,
administratively
geographical
had
over
relay
Line.
alphabetic
the name
of
in
maintenance.
of three
sectors
Barter
and
i.e.,
and
approximately
stations
name,
turned
In addition,
DEW
Line
from
had
was
mission
the
the
from
miles
sites
operation
of
2,000
operation
prime
for
operation
practicality
Line
intermediate
rearward
maintain
etc.;
for
DEW
whose
responsible
into
Dyer.
original
28
the
went
remaining
at Cape
the
initiation
was
the
contractor
when
were
experience
across
Canada
Line
miles
referred
names
etc.
auxiliary
BAR-2,
of the sites
east
to by
as:
Intermediate
BAR-A,
station)
stations
etc.
long.
such
designations;
an M (Main
subdivided
The
of
To
symbols
DYE
for
stations
BAR-B,
had
following
sector
a numerical
name
it to the next
2
i12
Main
station.
Since
long-haul
establishment
communications
considered
monitoring
network.
to
the
overall
TAC/NORAD
the
USAF
various
D,,mbers
north
the
Today,
into
distant
network,
System.
divided
The
upgraded
DEW
five
of
currently
DEW
early
Line
the
DEW
DEW
the
Line
sectors,
each
auxiliary
air
still
by
DSO.
maintains
its
and
of North
D
- %
is now
Systems
Office
mission
by
radar/communications
of
one
31
main
Table
original
a communications
America.
military
defense
consists
having
in
Line
DEW
stations.
controlled
warning
coast
role
contractor-operated
Currently
stations
the
the
contributes
the
of
sites,
station
D-I
lists
mission
network
and
the
of
across
2
DEW
Station
LIZ-2
LIZ-3
POW-M
POW-1
POW-2
POW-3 a
BAR-M
BAR-1
BAR-2
BAR-3
BAR-4
PIN-M
PIN-1
PIN-2
PIN-3
PIN-4
CAM-M
CAM-I
CAM-2
CAM-3
CAM-4
CAM-5
FOX-M
FOX-2
FOX-3
FOX-4
FOX-5
DYE-M
DYE-I
DYE-2
DYE-3
DYE-4
DYE-5
aNo
longer
Table D-I
LINE STATION
LIST
Geo@raphical Name
Point Lay, Alaska
Wainwright,
Alaska
Point Barrow,
Alaska
Lonely,
Alaska
Oliktok,
Alaska
Bullen
Point
(Flaxman
Island)
Barter
Island,
Alaska
Komakuk
Beach,
Canada
Shingle
Point,
Canada
Tuktoyaktuk,
Canada
Nicholson
Peninsula,
Canada
Cape Parry,
Canada
Clinton
Point,
Canada
Cape Young,
Canada
Lady Franklin
Point,
Canada
Byron Bay, Canada
Cambridge
Bay, Canada
Jenny Lind Island,
Canada
Gladman
Point,
Canada
Shepherd
Bay, Canada
Pelly Bay, Canada
Mackar
Inlet, Canada
Hall Beach,
Canada
Longstaff
Bluff,
Canada
Dewar
Lakes,
Canada
Cape Hooper,
Canada
Broughton
Island,
Canada
Cape Dyer, Canada
Qaqatoqaq,
Greenland
Westerly
Ice Cap, Greenland
Easterly
Ice Cap, Greenland
Kulusuk,
Greenland
KeFlavik,
Iceland
active.
113
2
III
III
Appendix E
SITE HAZARD
EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
i_,l
,2
HQ AIR
USAF
FORCE
OCCUPATIONAL
ENGI'NEEP/NG AND
AND
AND ENVIRO_
SITE
RATING
SERVICES
CENTER
HEALTH
METHO_>DLOGY
FOR
pHASE I
INST_T.T.ATION RESTORATION
July
1981
PROGRAM
LABORATORY
11_
2
SITE
RATING
METHODOLOGY
FOR
PHASE
i.
This
site
Restoration
Hill
and
Record
Searches
by
site
and
2.
rating
The
JRE
Search
basis
for
JRB
specific
Air
Force
than
3.
the
Associates,
The
Air
efforts
of
been
on
should
for
the
system
was
modified
comparison
of
EPA
and
by
in
for
Air
is
all
_
the
performing
to
Air
actions.
document
developed
Waste
accurately
and
Enforcement
address
to
contaminated
Force
prioritiza-
survey
Hazardous
CH2M
This
Force
Phase
conditions
landfills
Installation
developed
used
in
for
Inc.
the
experience
be
system
ins_allation
I of
installations.
assist
resources
rating
Phase
Force
to
PROGRAM
jointly
based
system
commitment
for
has
several
rating
office.
ingful
(IRP)
at
RESTORATION
methodology
Program
Records
tion
INST_7.TATION
Engineering-Science
standard
IRP
I
provide
areas
mean-
other
landfills.
Questions
pertaining
Methodology
should
AFESC/DEVP,
AUTOVON
Major
Fishburn,
AF
be
to
use
addressed
970-6189
O_/EC,
of
the
Air
to
either
(Couuuercial
AUT0VON
Force
Site
Ra_ing
Mr.
Lindenberg,
(904)
283-6189)
240-3305
(Commercial
or
(512)
536-3305).
No_e:
Support
Born CH2M Hill
and Engineering-Science
cont-rac_ors
for t_he US Air Force.
are
Engineering
+.it+
2
.1.I
7
Ld_J_,a_
nmS'2NG
_
P_81_L_E
B
l_p_lalr.Lg8
_.'hJA
D_LSF,_Jmlr,_, Jle_rel'_
UN/2m_i
su_.f.aa
_ra_
3
ll_'y
6
PA_?S
Type ef
couy.sm_J_m.
_tlJ-*_-
c_b
I:O _
So_KLoca
_rtm
5
unr_r
4
_o mr.,c
So12 _rf
_th
_8
W
_
8eeLt_.X
4
f_SLt m
o_ _LL88L.SqWL_UeS_ m
4
_
_
_0
Ct_nf
S_Or_ D_._lde_ _y _Sz_u
m
_z"4cx_
_zC_,_:
Ju_menr,
LL r4r._nq
SO
_
_
"SO
_
mutt
N
Zm_mmml_qwmt,_m_
t:wa
qw_r.tr_u
q_m=L_-,
30 _a _00 .,_*_r_
,.o _
_
an _
Eo_4_l
9_sdeZJ.smst
_ras
ot _
w_cm
bl.s_m_
m
--
._
.
f4m_j_
s.v._,
2
and Mu£_.p_._l
_
_00)
RATING
FACTOR
SYSTEM
GUIDELINES
RECEPTORS
RatinQ Scale Levels
Rating Factors
Population within
I_000 Feet
D0stance to Nearest
Dmmkm_l Water Well
D0stance to Reservation
0
|
2
3
0
| to 25
26 to 000
Greater than 000
Greater than 3 miles
I to 3 miles
3,001 feet to I mile
0 to 3,000 feet
Greater than 2 miles
1 to 2 miles
1,000 feet to 1 mile
0 to I,O00 feel
Completely remote
(zoning not
apphcahle)
Not a critical
environment
Agricultural
Commercial
Residential
Pristine natural areas
Wetlands; flood plains, and
preserved areas; presence o|
economically important
natural resources
Major habitat of an endangered or
threatened species; presence of
recharge area
Agricultural or
industrial use
Recreation, propagation and
management of bsh and wildlife
Shellfish propagation
harvesting
Potable water supplies
Botlndary
Laud Use/Zoning
C=0t0calEuvironments
Water Quality
Deszgnatlon of Nearest
Suuface-Water Body
or industrial
and
PATHWAYS
Evidence of Water
Contamination
Level of Water
Contamination
No contamination
Indirect evidence
Positive proof from direct
observation
Moderate levels or level= near
MCL or EPA drinking water
standards
Positive proof from laboratory
analyses
High levels greater than MCL or
EPA drinking water standards
No contamination
Low levels, trace levels, or level=
less than maximum contaminant
level (MCL) or EPA drinking
water standards
Type of Contamination
Soil/Biota
No contamination
Suspected contamination
Moderate contamination
Severe contamination
Dlslalzce to Nearest
Surface Water
Greater than 1 mile
2,001 feet to I mile
601 feet to 2,000 feel
0 to 600 feel
Depth to Ground Water
Greater than
600 feet
61 to 500 feet
11 to 60 feet
0 to 10 feet
Net Precipitation
Lessthan -tO inches
-|0
4-5 to +20 Inches
Greater than +20 inches
Sod Permaabihly
Greater than 50%
clay (<10 .6 cm/s)
Impermeable
(<lO "s cm/s)
Greater than
B0 feet
30% to 50% clay
(10 "4 to 10 "6 cm/s}
Relatively impermeable
(|0 .4 to 10.6 cm/s)
31 to 60 feet
06% to 30% clay
(00 "s to 00 .4 cm/s)
Relatively impermeable
(10 "z to I0 "4 cmls)
I I to 30 feet
0% to 15% clay
(>10 "z cm/s)
Very eermeahle
(>10"
cm/s)
0 to 10 feet
None
Slight
Moderate
Severe
Redrock Permeability
[3el)lh to Bedrock
Snr face Eroszon
to +5 inches
P_
Ir
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
Judgemental
hazardous rating from 30 to I00 points based on the following guidelines:
Points
r_._
""
30
Closed domestic-type
landfill, old site, no known hazardous wastes
40
Closed domestic-type
landlill, recent site. no known hazardous wastes
50
Suspected small quantities of hazardous wastes
60
Known small quantities of hazardous wastes
70
Suspected moderate quantities of hazardous wastes
80
Known moderate quantities of hazardous wastes
90
Suspected large quantities of hazardous wastes
100
Known large quantities of hazardous wastes
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Ratinf]
Factors
PRACTICES
Ratine Scale Levels
I
0
2
3
Record Accuracy and Ease
ofAccess
to Site
Accurate records, no unauthorized
dumping
Accurate records, no barriers
Incomplete records, no
barriers
No records, no barriers
Hazardous Waste Quantity
<1 ton
1 to B toni
§ to 20 tons
>20 tons
Total Waste Quaotity
0 to 10 acre feet
11 to 1(20 acre feet
lOl to 250 acre feet
Greater than 250 acre feet
Waste Incompatibdity
No incompatible
Present. but does not pose e
hazard
Present and may pose e
future hazard
Present and posing an
immediate hazard
Absence of Liners or
Conhmng Strata
Liner and confining strata
Liner or confining strata
Low quality liner or
low permeability strata
No liner, no confining strata
Use of Leachate
Collection Systems
Adequate collection end treatment
Inadequate collection or
treatment
Inadequate collection
and treatment
No collection or treatment
Use of Gas Collection
Systems
Adequate collection and treatment
Collection end controlled
flaring
Venting or inadequate
treatment
No collection or treatment
S01eClosure
Impermeable cover
Low permeability
Permeable cover
Abandoned site, no cover
Subsurface Flows
Bottom of landfill greater than
S feet above high ground-water
level
Bottom of landfill occasionally
sul_rnerged
Bottom of fill
frequently submerged
Bottom of fill located below
mean ground-water level
wastes are present
cover
2
Ha
Hi
JRB RATING
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
AND METHODOLOGY
Source:
"Methodology
for Rating
the Hazard
Potential
of Waste
Disposal
Sites"
JRB Associates,
Inc.,
December
15, 1980
Note:
This is an excerpt
from the
document.
For more detailed
to that source.
above-referenced
information
refer
121
2
CHAPTER 1.0
As parr
facilities
concalnin$
_di&l
action
icJnt
of
oE EPA's naCionvide
plans
hazard.
the
york
Office
sltee
_11
Because
muse
be
of
Enforcement,
5or
£nvesclgaCloo
_.11
formulated
resources
for
moec
_
manasememC
vasces
be
on the
I_T_ODUCT_ON
waste
hazardous
baaed
be
for
this
has
on chair
progr
2m, land
iuvestisated
those
cask
hazardous
Assoc£aCes
i22
and
sires
ere
1L_a£ced,
the
Under
devised
a mechodolosy
poceut£al
evaluated.
presenting
sites.
high
disposal
the
for
a si_ni'f_n_clal
auspices
_ocus
"of EPA's
for
selcctlng
euv£ronmeoCal
impact.
Th£s methedology
has
_.s easy
several
•
It
•
ZC does not
background
•
ZC uses reedily
•
It does
analyses
not
•
It does
quecclon
cu0C require
•
Zt allows
be met.
The system
$or£es:
enviro_encal
exan£ne
vesta
design
for
,,qers
s,_.ces
o5
in
the
C_es
management
o5 hazards
practices
and operatlou.
Because
a_l o5 these
assigned
a we£gh£n$
Each
factors
factor,
].f some
systems:
are
called
chaL
cate$or7
Factors
raC£n$
dace
in
the
Factors
in
5actor
not
o5
the
has
equal
a mu_C£pl_er.
!
into
and vance
pathvays
the
cJ._not
d_vided
determine
by cootom£nants
7 evaluate
needs
are
characCerisC£cs;
receptors
categor
technical
5acilicles
5actors
|
I
rat£ng
hy_rolo$£cal
even
_ste
posed
or
the
31 racin$
miKraCion.
extensive
co vis£C
raced
pathways;
an
chem£oal
users
concanination.
the
ocher
£nfot-met£ou
complex
Co be
oons£sts
contaminant
co have
eva£1able
require
Factors
over
use
require
receptors;
pracc£ces.
nisms
to
advanCazes
the
mauasemenC
prime
caCesory
vmste
quality
assess
caCesory
Factors
o5 the
fac£1ity's
four-level
each
must
o5
mecha
s_ce.
an associated
_Cers
targets
characteristics
£n the
_zportance,
& cace-
also
s_mp_y
in
scale.
has
been
dec£de
the
2
123
1
vhich
lewtl
of the
sod au_lciply
the
The sum of cbe
score
racing
factor's
numeric
value
produces
sad mslciplied
for
scale
of
oh• 31 factors
b_ 100 is
can _ts/an
mfoqu•Cely eddrese
the
is both
The smcbudolok7
iapoundumuCs,
Incinerators
and vases
Site
of the
cacaos
procedure.
P_ior
public
rlels,
results
of
the greatest
type
wicb
be perfo='med
of racing
s_pli:g,
obct£ned
_hich
action
pmrtlcula_rly
severe hazards,
_e
p_ans
umtbudology*s
Yn£s CesC£ng
includes
by different
racers,
2crecy's
Department
_0 sires
in cheer
chose
useful
s£Cee.
validity
from
comparing
_re
results
facings
cool
land dispes•l .Escilities.
clsesify_nz
scope
rich
knovledSablm
vhich
ac s£tes
completed
for
visits.
•greed
of
the
Cbe methodology
sod ranking
should
sires
The
present
rat£ng
ca,_
be spent
and for
cbac
•cross
for
prepar-
represent
Cbe country.
cbe same fsciZit_ee
Offlc£als
that
true
c_
This rating
gap•,
for
parries.
A f£nal
resources
data
amce-
sires
Co a sire.
cases
site
Luvost£gaclou
ou published
Casted
good reflections
for
facilLc£es.
beyond
first.
• _aic
Protection
ch•c
are
_iCb
co fill
and after
shov
co ensure
s_rf•ce
and disposal
to determine
enforcement
of Environmental
scare
cozy a 1Lmlced
an over't1
boy l_uited
has been
and before
These
and eff£c£euc
and/or
do uoc
landfills,
be T_sltod
may be required
£nK remedial
factors
can be based
and couCacr.s
dete_uine
on a scale
by them.
as parr of
and should
Lnforuscion
for
ho_,tver,
c_n be used
hazard
•re
a_-canKe_utnc helpe
storage
ratings
records,
as • CoGI to help
additional
prhnerily
produced
vis£t,
possible
terms.
Rouever,
This
faci_iCles,
vaste8
to a site
potential
be obtained
be used
solid
rec£nS
sire
and objective.
Is,,d-bued
treatment
and private
this
of
asxim_
absolute
of • sloe.
complete
types
should
or
• siven
multiplier.
The r•clngs
when the
has been doeS•ned
and ocher
the excepClou
poiJscs
for
correspendicg
b7 the
racing.
can be assigned.
chat
rec£uS
divided
site's
eZ1 of the probl_polnc8
appropriate
b? the
in re,•rive
edd£ctoua_
number of additional
• slCe's
mote
Cb•C _evel
of 0 Co 100 and can b• _ncerpreced
U•ers
is
of _ev
_be ratinSs
hazard
both
on
potential
of
_s •o excepcionally
the
hazard
poceuC£al
of
2
The methodology
Chapter
2 describes
idenc£f£es
dace
and Chapter
of
the
sources
gaps.
provlde
_.s d.;.scussed
of
C_apcer
Ch£s doc,,_enC
for
basic
informac£on
4 presents
5 discusses
Iruidance
s_x
boy
raC£n$
defines
all
in more detail
components
for
the
sire
sloes.
terms
the
of
sysCe=
scep-bF-scep
ratiuSS
can
Finally,
related
3
in
_he
and
I:he follovin$
four
methodology.
Chapter
describes
procedure
be
the
Co'the
used.
for
aechodolol_.
3
boy
co resolve
racing
sloes,
The three
illosse_
chapters.
loc;,r.ed
app_udlces
ac the
end
.l
2
I
CKAI_R
The site
Tlleee
2.1
Fatter
categories
•
Rating
f-,'cors
•
Rating
scales
•
_tipliers
•
k|ditional
•
Ktsgrd
F,_TOR
£o_
developed
in
terms
of
six
elements.
scores.
are described
the e_ziromental
utust
•
R'ceptors
•
Pathvaye
•
Waste
ohzr_,:Ceristioe
•
Waste
uan•gement
affected
refer
to
by the
eetego_,
envirormeute.
Pathvays
o_n es_capo
Waste
the
facility
environmental
characteristics
biota
of
is
refer
mobility.
These
and _o•-h,m,&'_)
eater
to
soluble
refer
of
both
Waste
and management
from
given
f_om a given
terms
of may hazardous
addressed.
(h_
characteristics
in
be
released
attention
of migration
site.
the
_npacl:s
waste
disposal
are:
prg£ticee,
uutterials
special
materials
belov.
CATE_0_T_S
considerations
Receptors
I
has bee•
points
potential
elements
site,
in
methodology
•
T.n _-eeeeing
ease
DESCRIFTIo_,r OF THE Mr_-IODOLD_'_
ere :
These
",',
rating
2.0
a vases
to
home•
aspects
of
site.
the
Within
by _hloh
of
types
of
practices
of
• given
this
and critical
this
hazardous
oateor
a_d on coQtaminatiou
health-related
management
practices
routes
potentially
site.
populations
pollutants
their
ere
disposal
The focus
Co the
which
hazards
posed
effects
refer
disposal
to
7 is
on
due
the
to
the
by materials
and their
the
design
site
as
they
I
2
12G
relate
Co the
examines
sice_s
measures
e=vlromaencal
that
are
beln$
1=pact.
Zn particular,
takeQ
to minimize
factor
categories
category
_blJ
e_posure
to hazardous
VlStel,
'l_e
reSinS
and
l_iut8
factors
Chapter
2.2
manageable
interpreted.
the
Stoups
This
so that
coplc
is
is
site
in
the
partltionin|
ratings
c=n be
discussed
in
sreater
facility
is
based
more
detail
easily
in
5.
RAT_qG F_=_'OKS
The
ratin
into
completely
of
importance
initial
rating
K framers.
cateKnries.
Each
of
of
a masse
these
The receptors
has
dlspoanl
been
catgegoz7
assigned
has
five
"l_sldentlal
population
within
the _..arest
off-sits
building"
hmun
exposure
to the site
•
NDistamcs
to the nearest
drinkiag-mtter
yell"
potential
for human in4iestion
of cout_inants
ly;.n|
aquifers
be polluted
•
"Land usa/zoning
_ evaluates
ot the suz_oundin
s ares
•
"Critical
affecting
sect.s.
potential
_tthvmys
•
feet"
the
cturreut
catelor
pollutants,
_is_ance
to
$rouadvster"
and
7 contains
since
they
the uearest
emssure the
of
can
surface
rater
availability
four
=_d "Distance
potential
for
manures
should
for
_rslile
factors
cout_inants.
affect
the
"Soil
pe_esbility,"
bedrock"
measure
_he
and ease
of migration
"bedrock
potential
to
uses
adversely
natural
concerned
The
the $rsatesc
n and "Depth
of pollutant
permeability,"
for contaminant
31
factor
primary
nL-_ber
vith
the
focus
is
of
to
migration
routts
•
of
the
undec-
and anticipated
nine ratin$
attenuation
of
a set
factors:
envirotmsnts"
assesses
the po_entlal
imlX_rtant bioinlicsl
resoturces
and
mizrat_on
smtsrborne
the
cue
racing
•
The
1,000
,mssure
to
on
and "depth
attenuation
Co
people.
on
2
V
•
"Net precipitation"
_ses annual prec_pitatlon
and evspotranspiration
co esC_usce the muoun¢ of lsachace
s sire
produces
•
nEvidence
of concmuinaclon,"
"type
nlevel
of coucamination"
evsluste
appareaC
aC thl sicm.
The vasCe
the
vasCe's
contains
mob£1£C 7 and
the
rstlnS
adverse
•
_Tozlcity,"
"radloaccivity,"
.slCe's
poCeutial
to cause
•
"TSuitabii_ty,"
the poseib_Zicy
vases
This
caceZory
practices
_actor
_ludes
eiihc
cacegoc_
rating
vhloh
measure
the
the
evaluate
emergeucies.
•valuates
sloe
_le
of leachlte
collacciou
sysC_s,"
sFsCems," and "use of liners"
examine
deaiSn
_or ccmtaiuing
contamination
"_se o£ Sss collec:ion
features
of site
•
"Sire
secuTity"
access
oaken
Co limit
site
•
"Total
vatce
quantity"
and _•zardous
vasCe quantity"
_,.asure
th_ quauCicy
of vasce
in the sltew
end chua,
potential
magnitude
o£ resulting
contamination
the
•
_asCe
incomFztibilicT"
Lucompatible
wastes
•
"Use of containers"
couCainers
co isolate
These
of
[actors
have
any 1and-based
factor
eppear
the
evaluates
the potential
co combine
and pose a hazard
assesses
vasces.
been
the
selected
disposal
in
=,easures
Appendix
faciIicy.
sdequacF
because
desigu
and
factors:
•
assesses
examine
£c cam cause.
and "persistence"
assess
health-related
injuries
"reactivity,"
and "corrosiveness"
of tire,
explosioa,
or s;-iZzc
manaiemenC
and
gactors
effects
"Solubil£tF,"
%olatil£c?,"
and "physical
scare"
extent
Co vh_oh mobile
vestee
can Leave the sire
operaClou.
rating
enviroc=encal
caCeSory
•
The
tion
obursececiscics
of conta_natlon,"
pollution
currently
127
Chef
o_
for
using
ace
The definition
relevant
to
an evsluz-
and purpose
o_
each
A.
mm
_'_
2.3
_TING
SCALES
For each of
vhlch
provides
potent*el
listed
raC£n z factors
information
with
each
is
_n Table
typically
for
most
closely
in Chapter
2._
• high
for
4.
in Appendix
the
the
from "0"
scales
been
on the
basis
Liters
in the
Addlcloual
no
The racing
defined
compare
process
the
contacts
information
and see _£ch
value
of
is described
zuldance
for
asses•inS
assess
the
s--e
the
available
records,
sce_es,
cace-
so chac
of readily
The nmeric
This
developed
Cindlcsclng
and prlvace
information.
chaC factor.
been
hazard).
have
v£sics.
set
has
for each of r.he factor
public
_imits
sca_a
potential
These .scales
or site
fits
the
lave_
of
chaC level
in more
racine
scales
A.
M_LTIFLr_._
The racin s factors
-euv£ronauental
impact.
been
Co each
assigned
ilpacC
Chac iC Jc_s
mulCipller,
factor
the
csn$1n$
macerlals,
with
raCinj
rating
can be evaluated
pe=ties,
a sloe
the factor
appears
I.
from published
scale
detail
levels
cot-respeadln s ratinl;
knovledgesble
co_ected
a four-level
Co "3" (indicacinz
and chair
are
factors,
factor-specific
hazard)
factors
Sorles
the
third
2.5
Consequently,
fartor
for
_sess.
column
each
These
values
factor
reci_
of the
fTom the
• nmNrical
_u accordance
by Cbe appropriate
sco_es
Figure
do noc all
rilhc
maEniCude
value
with
the
called
(see
factors.
a mulClplier
relative
arc mulC£plied,
raclngs
of poCenClal
mogn_cude
hence
Section
the
of
term
2.3)
co result
The 31 :ulCipl_ers
appear
on the mechodololy's
has
in
at
c_o-pase
RaCing Form _see
or
are
3).
ADDIT$OBALPOL_'TS
Special
frequently
features
of
enco,mCared
alone.
These
unique
co the
features
site,
a facillCy's
location,
Chac cannot
might
be handled
present
hazards
or noc assessable
extremely
high
population
denslcy
hazardous
than
the racins
factor
design,
satisfactorily
that
by racine
near
for
a site
"population
8
operation
by racing
are unusually
scales.
should
serious,
For ex--ple,
be considered
vich_n
1,000
factors
feet"
an
even
more
_nd_csces.
2
[
• /
Power
lines
running
chroush
_hough noC ge•erslly
potential
might
functions
be.
In
to
a slte
sTste_.
be
such
than
waste
the
threat
cases,
To guide
raters
points,
several
categories.
These
the
oF human
exposure
sh•uld
assign
receive
C• the
ty_eS
examples
have
bee•
should
nearest
be considered
off-site
exlstl,
even
th•ugh
scales
the
a greater
hazard
potential
the
situmti•ns
Use
of
slte
that
might
warrant
for each
of the
are:
•
Neighboring
•
Nelgbborin&
supplies,
by local
land
residents
use
transportation
and important
routes,
drinking
natural
resources.
water
PATHWAYS
•
_xtreme
•
Slope
•
Flooding
•
Sels_ic activity.
runoff
and erosion
problems
inscabiilc.v
_ASTE CEARACTERISTICS
•
CareinogenlcitT,
•
Infectiousness
•
Low biodegradability
•
High-level
mutegeniclty,
and
radioactivity.
WASTE F_NACE_ZIqT PP_ACTTCES
•
Zxcessively
large waste quantities
•
Open burning
•
Site
•
UnsaFe disposal practices
•
Inadequate
cover
•
Inadequate
safe_y precautions
•
Inadequate
recordkeeplng.
of wastes
abando_euc
way distance
points
RZCEPTOBS
•
t_pes
addlti•nal
identified
teretogenicit
s
buildi•g
by rating
by usinl
•f
wastes,
or Fl_.able
sites,
•f
oth•rwlse
as
dlsposal
evaluated
raters
might
explosive
function
quantitatively
it
addit£•naZ
c•ntalning
of
F;.•aily,
• earl•us
can•at
can
factor
:yp_cal
hazard.
indicate
sites
i29
7
score
of
I)
2
132
While
:his
encountered
occurrio$
list
by rsCe_s
s_cuac_ons.
additional
poLnc8 chac
In order
allo_ng
is
by no :eans
usin$
should
the assiinmanc
on the nuaber
the mechodolosy,
Appendix
co m_t_nca_
exhaustive,
guidance
be assisned
of additional
of additional
iC does
B provides
for
the objectivity
po_cs
and ocher
of
po£nCs_
include
the more c_.._,only
on the number of
these
the
exmnpLes may be
situations.
ratio&
the
amthodolos7
follo_nz
chac am7 be assigned
1Lairs
Ln each
_hile
are
placed
factor
caCegorT:
•
kcepCor8
50 po£nCs
•
PzChva,e
25 po_ucs
•
Waste characteristics
20 po£nCs
•
Waste m4uaZemenC pracc£ces
30 points.
The number o5 add£c£onel
£_mcClou of
importance
the
procedure
2.6
HAZARDPO"_L_T.,
These
The result
of a s£ce
scores are:
char
raC£ng
factor
in each
po£ncs
_accor
category
and the
is
a
relative
for
azsisn£ng
add£c£o.al
po£ncs
_s outlined
in
_.
SCOKES
racing
is
•
Overall score
•
Receptors
•
PaChvays subzcore
•
Waste characceris=icz
•
Waste maDege:enc practices
The overall
i
ava£1able
alloyed
of the czcegoz 7.
The actual
_epcer
coc_
points
score
are used
a seC of _zve
hazard
potential
scores.
subscore
suhscore
is based on all
co race
a s_Ce.
subscore.
the
racing
Each subs¢ore
12
factors
_s based
and addiciocal
on chose
cac_ng
points
factors
2
i33
f
and additional
All
of
points
these
scoces
The :u:rmalization
hazard
potential
pecceutages
seuera117,
_nterprec
_a$
are
Chat
score
scores
the
scores.
factor
category
nocmalized
procedure
measure
Chase
in
is
is
so thac
described
a percentage
chac
m:e
reliability
based
of
which
they
in
ere
Chapter
o_ missing
ou large
Che scores.
are
used Co race
on a sca_e
&.
and
mounts
of
A.ssoc£aced
assumed
of
_Apcer
0 Co 100.
with
data.
miss£n$
a site.
every
Thesm
dace
5 describes
and,
how Co
2
Im
u
Appendix
F
SITE ASSESSMENT
AND
RATING
FORMS
i34
2
135
13G
2
30
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m Waa_ tw.umlmm
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FINAL PAGE
ADMINISTRATIVE
,
RECORD
FINAL PAGE
i80