T T ^ P C I T M T T W
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R o b b i e A r c h i t e c t s Inc.
174 St George street Toronto Ont
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THE TORONTO SKYDOME
FACT SHEET
For Information contact:
Nicola Robbie (416)928-1025
Architectural and Structural Engineering Design: Rod Robbie & Mike Allen
Architects and Engineers: The Ran Consortium. 40 University Ave., Toronto, Canada
Design/Build Contractor: Ellis Don Ltd.
The RAN CONSORTIUM: is a joint venture made up of:
P Mne/Sane Architects Inc.*
/.-.jeleian Allen Rubeli Limited Consulting Engineers
NORR Partnership Limited Architects Engineers
(♦Robbie/Young + Wright Architects for future stadium projects.)
The consortium was formed to design and build the Robbie/Allen**award
winning design for the retractable roofed Toronto SkyDome stadium.
For work outside Canada - RAN International has been established.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION:
Innovation:
The extensive use of computer generated and solid geometric analytical modelling
has allowed the design professionals to systematically assess and confirm accurate sightlines for all
sitin g in the stadium. The marriage of architecture and engineering in this project has been
^ p ip le te and highly successful. The strict requirements of the complex structural design of the
roof and its supporting structure have been integrated with the equally important functional and
aesthetic demands of such an enormous structure. Hie new standards of stadium and retractable
roof design established with this facility will revolutionize future development of stadia throughout
the world.
6
Versatility:
This is a multi-use facility providing the following:
a venue for major league baseball, 53,400 seats, 42,000 between foul poles
a 55,500 seat venue for Canadian Football (the field for CFL football is slightly larger than
soccer, and 62% larger than (US) National Football)
Club with 5,800 fully upholstered seats. 161 private boxes each with its own seating
balcony
a venue for concerts for 10,000 to 67,500 spectators
150,000 square feet of exhibition space with connection to the Toronto Convention Centre,
using the stadium field
Skyvision, the largest scoreboard/replay screen in the world 10.6 x 34.8 metres (35* x
115’). Over three times the size of any other existing stadium video scoreboard,
the first 350 suite luxury hotel to be fully integrated into a stadium, including 70 suites
directly overlooking the field,
a 600 seat tiered restaurant with all seats looking directly over the field,
a 350 foot long bar overlooking the field, a Subway Bar, Homeplate Bar and a Hard Rock
Cafe,
a health club with squash and racquetball courts, a gymnasium, swimming pool, and a 680
metre running track,
offices for the Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Club and the Ontano Stadium Corporation, as
well as other companies associated with the stadium
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a Founder’s Club
a full TV station for Dome Productions and two large press suites, each with
accommodation for 106 media representatives
A Family Sports and Entertainment area surrounding the north east comer, SkyPlace.
FACTSHEET:
The SkyDome is the key project for the human and urban renewal of the Toronto waterfront and
railway lands.
Financial Statistics: The SkyDome is owned by a unique Consortium of public and private sector
partners.
Funds have been provided by the Government of Ontario, the Municipality of
Metropolitan Toronto and 28 private corporations. It is operated by the Ontario Stadium
Corporation, a crown corporation. The SkyDome will have 200+ days of full operation per year.
The project will have created an estimated 12,000 person years of employment for the Province of
Ontario upon the completion of the project.
Roof: The revolutionary rigid retractable roof is constructed of tubular steel parabolic framed
arches with a skin of single PVC membrane on thermal insulation and precoated insulated acoustic
steel deck. The roof will span 205 metres (674 ft.) at the widest point and will be 87 metres (285
ft) above the ground at centre field. The roof can be opened or closed in 20 minutes with 100%
the field and 91% of the seats exposed to the open sky. The retraction of the roof involves
W th linear telescoping and rotational nesting movements.
The roof panels which are 4.2 metres thick contain 6348 metric tonnes of structural steel and
covers an area of 3.24 hectares (8 acres). Movement of the roof panels is carried out by 54, 14
ton to 40 ton bogies, electrically powered along rails. Very close construction tolerances had to be
achieved in order to ensure the success of the movement system.
Strict safeguards against roof truss failure have resulted in design requirements that prevent
progressive failure in the roof structure, as has been seen in other types of roof systems. A thirty
(30-) foot hole may occur in the roof structure, without progressive failure. The loads blocked by
the hole would be transferred down alternate pathways into the structure then into the ground.
Construction: The Design/Build Contractor Ellis Don Ltd. under the leadership of Don Smith,
George Davis and Walter Woloshyn have undertaken to build the SkyDome in 30 months. Co
ordination of a crew 1000 workers comprising approximately 15 subtrades, 16 cranes, both
stationary and mobile, ranging from 15,000 to 400,000 tons, as well as the constant flor of
enormous amounts of construction material has been a constant challenge.
The opening of the SkyDome in Spring 1989 will coincide with the 100th anniversary of the
opening of the Eiffel Tower. Excellence in design was heralded in the 19th Century, in the 20th
Century, excellence in design must also satisfy rigorous standards of applied function as well. The
Toronto SkyDome is a shining example of both excellence in design and innovation and function
grounded in sound economic viability.
**
(Stadium and retractable roof design Robbie/Allen copyright 1988. Stadium and roof
design protected by United States of America patent. Canadian and European patents
pending.)
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The Toronto
SkyDome
A v ^ v tst
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ROBBIE/ADJELEIAN/NORR CONSORTIUM
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* ’****r* *• ,
Al left:
SkyDome
Construction photo
Summer 1987
1 View along
the Esplanade
2 SkyDome Inn
3 SkyOome:
Retractable Rool
New under construction m the heart oI the city. SkyDome. the world s
irsl major stadium featuring a tully retractable rool, will add yet another
ramahc structure to the Toronto skyltne when completed in 1989.
This revolutionary entertainment complex will accommodate not only
major league baseball and football, but will also provide versatile
facilities lor large exhibitions, trade shows, concerts and other events of
all types, regardless of the weather. The SkyOome will be a showpiece
lor architectural and engineering design and construction technology.
*0
^
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“
Expected to host over 4 million spectators annually, SkyOome w« be an
exciting new attraction for Toronto's residents and visitors alike.
^
Schedule
Jjj
Official ground-breaking took place on 3 October 1986
Target tor opening is April, 1989
Facts
^
Roof
Fully retractable - 91% open
20 minutes to open or close
31 storeys high above playing field
Covers 8 acres (3.2 hectares) in area - 674 It. {205 m) span at widest
point
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Constructed of framed steel parabolic arches, with a skin of single PVC
membrane on insulated acoustic steel deck
Provides utmost comfort in climate-controlled environment
Seating
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BASEBALL-5 3,426 seals
FOOTBALL - 55,190 seals
CONCERTS AND SPECIAL EVENTS - 10,000-70.000 seals
Spectacular views in all directions from seating on lour different levels
At Field Level. 21,564 seats in moveable sections will be positioned in a
v lor baseball games, and will be re-arranged lo run parallel to the
gridiron sidelines for football.
Club Level. 9,534 seals, the middle tier ol sealing, will be access.blc
via separate entrances, and will provide 5,186 extra wide lully uphol
stered theatre style club chairs in addition to 4.348 regular seals.
122 Private Boxes provide excellent viewing ol all events. Sliding glass
doors lead to 12 theatre-slyie chairs on a 2-tier balcony.
The Upper Circle serviced by a separate concourse, provides 18,000
seats with intimate overviews ol the field below
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Additional Facilities
By way ol several enhancements being incorporated into the stadium, i|
will become a year-round people place, where viators will enjoy them
solves in an extraordinary entertainment environment.
450 room hotel, with 71 ol the rooms overlooking the field
3-level entertainment centre featuring:
indoor goB and sports store
theatre
family restaurant and fas) food outlets
600 loot bar overlooking the field
Health Club and sports medicine facilities, including:
swimming pool and squash and tennis courts
gymnasium and aerobics area and jogging track
Rentable meeting rooms for special functions and sales meetings.
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ROBBIE/AQJELEIAN/NORR CONSORTIUM
Concept
The Robbie/Allen Design*
Architects and
Structural Engineers
ROBBIE/ADJELEIAN/NORR
CONSORTIUM, comprising;
Robbie, Sane Architects
(Robbie/Young + Wright Architects)
Adjeleian Aden Rubeli Ltd.,
Consulting Engineers
NORR Partnership Limited
Architects Engineers
Contractor
Ellis-Don Limited, Toronto
ROBBIE/ADJELEIAN/NORR CONSORTIUM
Penthouse
40 University Avenue
Toronto. Ontario
Canada
M5J2G3
Skydome:
Retractable Roof
Telex: 06-23265
Fax:(416)977-1733
Telephone: (416) 977-6226
' (Stadium and root design protected by US. Canadian and
European patents pending).
Printed in Canada
The Toronto
SkyDome
• ' - ;v V ';
E c o n o m ic S u ^ ^ tc t/lo r o K ^ D . d b A
J u j o l 1^8^
RAN CO NSO R TIU M
Toronto. Ontario, Canada.
i s i i
Elevation/section ol Colosseum, Rome.
Construction shot. Mpy I98&
Ita ly .
Elevation o l St Paul s Cathedral London. England
SkyDome is the world's first major stadium with a fully
retractable roof. The roof, which can open or close in twenty
minutes, provides protection against the weather all year
round. The architectural and engineering technology
developed to operate the root has made a significant
contribution to stadium design. Although used here on a very
large building, the technology is applicable to any scale The
engineering, pioneered in the building of SkyDome, will be
pivotal to the design and construction of all future facilities ol
this type.
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ARCHI TECTS
SkyDome is both functional and versatile. The building has
four primary seating configurations tor baseball, football, large
concerts or exhibitions. 17,000 field seals in rotating sections
can be positioned to provide optimum viewing of each event.
The 52,000 baseball seals are arranged in a "V pattern, while
the 54.000 seats tor football are placed parallel to the field As
many as 70.000 people can be accommodated for concerts or
special programmes and as few as 10.000 tor small scale
productions.
^
ROBBI E
SkyDome is enormous The retractable roof covers 8 acres
and spans 674 feet al its widest point It could enclose a 3?
house sub-division or a 31 storey apartment building. If we
could convey St. Peter's, the largest church in the Christian
world, from Rome to Toronto, alt but the dome would fit
between SkyDome's walls; only the spire of St. Paul's
Cathedral in London would pierce SkyOome's roof; and
Rome's Colosseum would lit comfortably under the Dome.
SkyOome is truly a monument of the twenty-first century.
*"*
FROM
Foolbal Mode
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The versatility of the structure is enhanced by SkyTent, a
concept that uses acoustical banners to form walls and a
ceiling within the Dome. This gives the feeling of intimacy vital
to certain types of theatrical and concert productions. The
material is translucent and very sympathetic to film projection.
Therefore it can be used to create a wide variety of multimedia. graphic and lighting effects for advertising, sports,
concerts, theatre, pre-event displays and performances of all
kinds. SkyTent can be set up quickly permitting small events
to be scheduled back to back with large ones.
clearances o l the moving root sections.
PAGE.012
A lest model ot the stadium root was developed to verily the
SkyOome is not just a stadium, but an entertainment complex
of great diversity. The building includes a 350 room hotel, with
70 rooms overlooking the field, restaurants, bars, a health
club with a swimming pool, squash courts, a gym. the largest
Video Scoreboard in a stadium, offices, a Founder's Club, and
television studios.
The RAf
nsortium was formed in 1985 to design and build
Rod Rot>- j and Mike Allen's award winning concept tor a
stadium with a fully retractable root The Consortium consists
of three firms. Robbie/Young + Wright. Architects Planners,
Adjeleian Allen Rubeli Limited, Consulting Engineers and
NORR Partnership Limited. Architects Engineers. Since the
firm's incorporation the principals have worked with 20
consultants, three levels of government, a contractor with a
650 man construction crew and the owner of SkyDome, the
Stadium Corporation of Ontario, to orchestrate this unique
project.
At left, the three principals of RAN. Rod Robbie. Mike Allen and
Bill Neish stand on one of the 54,14 to 40 ton bogies which
will make SkyOome’s roof open and close
RAN CONSORTIUM
Architects Engineers
Penthouse
40 University Avenue
Toronto. Ontario
Canada
M5J 2G3
Tetex: 06-23255
Fax. <416) 977-1733
Telephone: (416) 977-6226
Design/Build Contractor
Ellis-Oon Limited
**
TOTAL
P A G E . 013
**
* (Stadium and retractable rool design Robbie/Allen Copyright« 1968
Stadium and tooI design protected by Uniled Stales o l America patent
with Canatfon and European patents pending.)
Printed in Canada
left to flight. Rod Robbie. Mike Allen. B ill Neish o l RAN Consortium
RAN International
Architects & Engineers
A Partnership of Corporations
LONDON - JULY 10, 1988
RAN CONSORTIUM
ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS
PENTHOUSE
40 UNIVERSITY AVENUE
TORONTO, ONTARIO
CANADA, M5J 2G3
Telephone: (416) 977-6226
Rod Robbie: Design Architect
Mike Allen:
Structural Engineer
Bill Neish:
Managing Architect
(The following is subject to world copyright U.S., ECC, and Canada Patents and Patents
Pending)
PROPOSAL FOR UK NATIONAL UNITY PROGRAMME IN SPORTS.
CONCERT.
SPECTACLES.
REGIONAL/TRADE/HOME/CONSUMER
EXHIBITIONS & GRAND THEATRE/OPERA/MUSICAL SHOWS/LIGHT
AND SOUND SHOWS. COMPRISING A SERIES OF REGIONAL FORUMS
AND A NATIONAL FORUM, WHERE EACH FORUM SITE WOULD HAVE
THE FOLLOWING FEATURES: IN MULTI-USE PROJECTS. (C) 1988
A Retractable Rigid Roofed Stadium of the same Type as the Toronto
SkyDome, having moveable field stands from 40,000 to 85,000 fully plastic
tip-up seats, removable artificial turf, a very large full Video/TV scoreboard
system interconnected between the 10 stadia. Stadia built for 100 year life.
A SkyTent for Half-Mode events (TM) (C) with up to 30,000 seats.
A large restaurant with full view of the field.
A large bar with full view of the field.
A large Bar with full view of the field.
Gub Seats (Fully Upholstered).
Private Boxes with Private Balconies
Ceremonial Boxes.
Dance Clubs, Casinos, Night Clubs.
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RAN International
Architects & Engineers
A Partnership of Corporations
Hotel with up to 100 rooms overlooking the field
Family Games and Entertainment Areas - including "Space Theatre."
Fast Food Concessions Throughout Complex.
Very large number of public washrooms - especially for women.
A Theatre with 1500 seats (with Flytower) for regional popular events.
Offices for Teams and others.
Retail Mall.
Gardens & Strolling Areas with Bistros, Main Access Squares & Plazas.
Arena for Ice Hockey/Basketball as an option.
Parking for up to 5,000 cars, 400 coaches, 50 tracks, track docks and field
access.
TV, Radio Studios, and TV truck facilities, satellite dish site.
Higft capacity puouc Kau/ivuau xiausu, wuu
receive wide bodied short haul aircraft
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Police, Security, First and Facilities.
Handicapped Facilities.
It is suggested that the minimum site area for each stadium be a 15 acres square plus area
for all other facilities.
The Proposed National network of multi-use rigid Retractable Roofed Stadia - forming
nnififtH sports and entertainment League of secular cathedrals would be located as shown
on the attached Map (3) and Outline Schedule. (4)
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' THE U X NATIONAL FORUMS & RETRACTABLE ROOFED STADIUMS & ARENAS
1. SCOTTISH FORUM 60,000
2. NORTH ENGLAND FORUM 40,000
3. EAST ENGLAND FORUM 60,000
4. WEST ENGLAND FORUM 60,000
5. SOUTH CENTRAL
ENGLAND FORUM 60,000
6. WELSH FORUM 40,000
7. WEST ENGLAND FORUM 50,000
8. EAST ENGLAND &
NORTH LONDON FORUM 60,000
9. SOUTH ENGLAND,
SOUTH LONDON &
EURO-FORUM 60,000
10. NATIONAL FORUM S t
CENTRAL LONDON
(DOCKLANDS) FORUM
85,000
NATIONAL SIMULTANEOUS AUDIENCE
* 575,000
C RAN INTERNATIONAL 40 University Ave. Toronto, Cl
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RAN International
Architects & Engineers
A Partnership of Corporation*
Toronto SkyDome Projecting:
1.
2.
Clearance of Bank Debt in S Years.
On annual Revenues of $C45 Million.
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Ontario Govt With 56% shares on C$30,000,000 invested would make C$14,000,000 per
year cany financial risks.
1R rnrnorate Partners with 44% of shares on C$28 x 5 = C$140,000,000 invested would
C$11,000,000 plus free boxes, parking and advertising and promotion rights *
C$393,000 (C$5,000,000 share per year or 7.86% (in 1987 dollars)
Comparable incomes and profits on straight statistical basis would be
Stadium
Seating
Capacity
Income ($C)
In L Millions
Profit ($C)
in L Millions
40.000 Not including
50.000 Seating
60.000 on Fields
85.000
(32.7)
(40.9)
(49.1)
(69.5)
(18.1)
(22.7)
(27.3)
(38.6)
16.4
20.45
24.6
34.8
9.1
11.4
13.7
19.3
It is proposed that the 10 stadia/forums have the same retractable roof systems to achieve
mavimnm building and operating efficiencies at minimum cost However that each stadium
differ from the rest in Architectural treatment and Decor to give each a unique "Sense of
Place", and
each a unique destination on the 10 stadium tour network.
For RAN CONSORTIUM
Rod Robbie
London: July 10, 1988
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ROBBIE /•
ADJELEIAN / ■ ■
NORR""
CONSORTIUM
Penthouse
40 University Ave.
Toronto, Ontario
Canada M5J 2G3
(416) 977-6226
STATEMENT
BY
ROD ROBBIE
ARCHITECT
11 JULY 1988
ONTARIO STAOIUM PROJEC
A
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St*d»um h o im
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ARCHITECTS Hi Jotftt « M w
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ft AOJCUkAM M iX N ftJB E U U M n t
» • • NOR* PAATNCftSHlP UMITC
A M X IU C T S CNOiNCERS
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I am here today to suggest the Lime has arrived
for construction of a major domed stadium in the United
Kingdom.
And, I would argue, the best model available —
the only major stadium with a fully retractable roof -- is
the SkyDome, nOw undsr construction on th® Tftfftnfo
waterfront.
4-via nood I® hptft.
While we in Toronto
are subjected to uncertain weather conditions,
including
winter snow, no weather in the world is more unpredictable
than Britain's
The recent rain-out of the men's tennis final at
Wimbledon demonstrated mu a L dira.Statically hcv disruptive irhe
elements can be to international sporting events staged in
Britain.
The demand that the games must go on has seldom
v ..r ---ater
Mil 1 ’ons <*>f viewers around the wuiiu —
not insignificantly, hundreds of corporate sponsors —
and,
are
often deprived of television signals because weather
intervenes.
BvVJico
That is no longer necessary in the case of
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.
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onri mnHrtrentertainment
•
undertakings.
The answer is a stadium along the lines of the SkyDome,
which next spring will begin offering a venue of
spectacular appeal, where athletic events and shows will be
staged
600 '30bd
on schedule —
regardless ot tne-weather.
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1.
Whv Build A Retractable Roofed Stadium.
With very few exceptions major sports should be played
out of doors before a live audience.
The advent of sports television, both nationally and
internationally has created the sports star and super
star — and consequently made professional sports very
costly to run.
To pay, TV must operate to strict schedules, and meet
its audience obligations to advertisers.
To succeed professional sports clubs must
a)
Win — hence, expensive players
b)
Maintain large live audiences — to make
money and improve the TV spectacle.
Open-air stadiums are weather dependent.
Stadiums with fixed roofs eventually lose "gate"
income.
The solution to the dilemma of watching sports out of
doors, maintaining game and television schedules, and
hence, income is the retractable roofed stadium.
2)
What Will It COSt.
The cost is greater than a fixed roof and is extremely
design dependent.
SkyDome is costing about £20 million more than a fixed
root ot comparable size (ovet o
project could pay for it in two years (i.e. the extra
cost).
3)
Roof Structure.
Mike Allen, my structural engineering partner and
designer of the SkyDome roof and building structure,
and I believe that the only fully retractable roofs
(that leave na structure over the stadium when open)
which are structurally and economically practical are
of rigid steel construction.
Hence, the SkyDome design.
Because of wind, snow, ice, rain and earthquake forces,
retractable roofs should be of conservative design.
The forces to be handled especially in high winds are
very rare
Roofs should be fail-safe.
SkyDome can open and close in sustained winds up to 40
mph in 20 minutes, and can be closed in sustained winds
up to 60 mph.
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4) i s I t Saf eThe SkyDome is extremely safe.
It is designed for a life of 100 years-plus.
It is designed for one in 100 year return wind periods
— three times as long as the Ontario Building Code.
Fail-safe design has been used.
That is, the roof has
been designed to handle severe localized damage without
progressive collapse.
None of the roof elements have to move on inclines when
operating — removing the risk of spontaneous
run-aways.
5)
Copyrights and Pateafcfi-
SkyDome and its stadium design is protected by world
copyrights held by the RAN Consortium Architects and
Engineers, Toronto, Rod Robbie and Mike Allen and by,
U.S., EEC and Canadian patents held by Rod Robbie and
Mike Allen.
6)
Brief O u t line of skvdome Financing and Outline C o s t a .
The Toronto SkyDome is owned by The stadium Corporation,
of Ontario — (STADCQ)•
President and Chief Executive Officer —
(Chuck) Magwood.
Charles
The corporation (STADCO) is owned 56% by the Province
of Ontario who have underwritten the financial risk of
building the retractable roof — and — 44% by 28
corporate partners (private) sector.
This is a unique business arrangement for building a
major public facility in North America.
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The estimated cost is
(all figures in millions)
383
£
196.5
The Province of Ontario has
invested (for 56%)
30
The Municipality of Metro Toronto
30
15
140
70
28 private corporations at
$CDN 5 each
The sale of club seats
5800 @ $4,000 for 10 years paid
up front
23
The sale of 125 private boxes
(total 161 — rest to corporate
partners and governments) at from
$1,000,000 to $2,250,000 rent for
10 years.
First and last year's
rent up front.
Average $1.7 million
42.5
$340,000 x 125
------Difference made by equity
investment for hotel and other
enhancements and bank loan
Annual income on 210 days (already
booked)
Profit
<“•1
i
11.5
21.25
255.5
132.75
117.5
63.75
45
25
22.5
12.5
-Cl
Outline of Costs
Gross Budget
$CDN
383.0
£
196.5
Stadium
250.0
125.0
Hotel and enhancements
70.0
35.0
Toronto water pumping station
Bridges, roads, infrastructure,
land costs, soft costs
49.0
29.5
14.0
7.0
eons true tion-De sign
Design (final) started
Construction started
Opening to public
Architects & Engineers:
RAN Consortium, Toronto Canada
ROD ROBBIE, Architect
MICHAEL ALLEN, Structural Engineer
WILLIAM NEISH, Arch-Eng Management
General Contractor:
Ell1s-Don Ltd., Toronto, Canada
Structural Steel Contractor:
Dominion Bridge Ontario Ltd.
(a unit of AMCA International.)
April
October
Summer
1986
1986
1989