1. technology and computing
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Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
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Page 2 of 2
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
The ocean science community has a variety of ongoing, independent metadata projects,
each developing some combination of project- or discipline-specific standards, tools, and
ontologies. None of these efforts has engaged the wider ocean science community, nor
provided a coordinated set of materials that can guide the development of distributed,
integrated and interoperable ocean-data systems. We propose to implement the
framework for a community-based coordination project that will build from the myriad
existing efforts, encourage widespread community participation (national and
international), and demonstrate the use and benefits of metadata standardization.
Intellectual Merit
Our goals are to engage and inform the ocean science community in the creation of
interoperable, metadata-centric data systems by: a) providing guidance and reference
documentation on properly using and developing metadata solutions for the ocean
science community; b) encouraging community involvement in the development and
evaluation of those documents, and c) using two test-bed activities to demonstrate crossplatform, cross-disciplinary, interoperable distributed data systems.
A steering committee of community representatives will work to identify community
needs for guidance on metadata standards. We will use an open process to evaluate and
coordinate existing activities and, where necessary, improve upon existing metadata
guidance critical to developing distributed data management solutions. We will openly
document and evaluate our ongoing effort, using multiple mechanisms for community
involvement and feedback. Our intent is to maximize broad community involvement, and
to build a modular framework that encourages collaboration on community standards.
Two coordinated test-bed demonstrations will leverage metadata work across at least
three different types of data acquisition systems: (1) cabled or moored platforms, (2)
mobile autonomous systems, and (3) remote-sensing platforms. Multiple instances of
each system, from different institutions, will be included in the application of existing,
modular and scalable data systems. One of these test-bed activities will build from a
nationwide interoperability demonstration (www.openioos.org) that leverages OpenGIS
Consortium (OGC) standards, and will be funded entirely via external funds.
Breadth of Impact
The proposed work will provide guidance on metadata development to the ocean science
community, building from developments in computer science and other geosciences. It
will support the NSF emphasis on needed interoperability between data systems, as
demonstrated through ORION and several recent interoperability workshops. It will also
address a top priority in the OceanUS Data Management and Communications (DMAC)
plan. Outreach will be accomplished through the community websites, a special session
or town meeting at AGU Fall 2004, the OOS Tech 2005 workshop, and email lists. We
have a wide base of participatory support already, as evidenced by the attached letters of
commitment, and will grow this involvement throughout the life of the project.
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Introduction
Scientific communities that engage in large, multi-year, multi-disciplinary and multiinstitutional research programs require a systematic approach to data management that
enables interoperability between heterogeneous data systems. The critical need for this
kind of interoperability faces the ocean science community at a time when recent
technological advances have allowed scientists to collect large volumes of data in real
time. Coastal ocean observing systems, for example, will soon provide immense volumes
of data, with the total near-term annual data flow for the U.S. Integrated Ocean
Observing System roughly estimated at 2,977,100 MB [1]. The proliferation of ocean
data often makes it difficult to find, understand, and use needed data. Metadata
standardization is key to the new approaches required.
Metadata are descriptions of data sets, and provide sufficient information to enable data
search, retrieval, transfer, and evaluation [2]. Basic metadata include descriptive
information such as data set name, contents, and collection data. More advanced
metadata can include information such as data quality, keywords or the spatial or
temporal extent of the data set, Standardized metadata that can be automatically used by
computers (without human intervention or interpretation) are key to effective data
management, interoperability between distributed data systems and, most importantly,
integrative, inter-disciplinary science. Such standardized metadata will reduce the
semantic heterogeneity and syntactic incompatibility that currently hinders effective data
analysis and comparison between data sets. Consequently, standardization will enable
cost-effective data management and interoperability [3]. Unfortunately, many ocean (and
other) scientists, and even operational observing programs, provide insufficient metadata
to enable automatic data search, retrieval, transfer or evaluation.
Many factors contribute to inadequate metadata specifications, including a lack of the
following: 1) ontologies (controlled vocabularies) for use in metadata field names and
content; 2) software tools that easily formalize ontologies in a structured language; 3)
metadata standards that employ ontologies and are specifically designed for ocean data
sets and for automatic computer use; and 4) effective guidance using well-suited
templates and tools for metadata development.
We propose to address these factors by building upon key existing efforts in ontology and
metadata standards development in the ocean data community. Our approach will be an
innovative community-based effort to reference and connect existing efforts, develop
metadata guidance, and implement end-to-end data system demonstrations. We will
emphasize the key roles of sound metadata in data management and interoperability.
Our effort joins the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) with the San
Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), Oregon State University (OSU),
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University, the University of
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 1
Hawaii and the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA). We are also
collaborating with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
Ocean.US , and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Internationally, collaborations
will include the British Oceanographic Data Centre and the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission Data and Information Exchange. For advanced ontological
guidance, we are collaborating with Stanford University's Medical Informatics Program,
a leading developer and consultant regarding scientific ontologies and related tools.
Intellectual Merit
Today, despite numerous metadata and ontology standards development efforts, and even
community efforts such as the Marine Metadata Initiative [48] and the Standard Naming
Exercise [49], a data system developer has little guidance about providing for metadata.
This is true even though every data management system requires metadata in some form,
even if only in the user's head; and even though every scientist using data relies on the
underlying metadata technology and architecture. The system developer must
(somehow!) quickly implement a suitable metadata architecture. As a result, often the
systems' science users end up with limited ability to find and use data, or even unable to
use the data at all.
Our proposed work will address this problem at three levels. First, by consolidating all
the relevant resources in a single location, which is endorsed and supported by leading
members of the oceanographic community, we will provide system developers with the
knowledge they need to effectively implement mature metadata solutions. (This will in
turn increase demand for mature metadata-centric data solutions.) Second, by identifying
and mediating gaps in the metadata framework (for example, in ontologies and metadata
standards), we will guide the community toward an integrated metadata understanding.
Third, by entraining the community as we perform this work, we will create momentum
to continue improving the oceanographic metadata framework beyond the single year
allocated to this proposal. (While we limited the proposal to a single year due to NSF
funding limitations, we envision this project's work continuing into future years.)
In the area of ontologies and metadata standards, there is a particularly compelling need
for such a community-based activity. Although there are efforts to develop ontologies
and metadata standards for ocean data sets, these efforts address specific issues in
oceanographic metadata; they do not address the broad range of syntactic and semantic
interoperability needs in the ocean data community that are necessary for interoperability
between data systems. Also missing is a complete set of materials to guide metadata
development -- especially in terms of ontology and metadata development and tools -- for
the ocean data community. In this proposal, the goal is to make community-based
progress toward developing an appropriate ontology (or suite of complementary
ontologies) and identifying appopriate metadata representation standard(s) using the
ontology or ontologies.
A more detailed presentation of current and proposed work in the areas of ontologies and
metadata standards follows.
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 2
The Need for Ontologies to Specify Metadata for Ocean Data Sets
To improve data management and ensure interoperability between ocean data sets, it is
necessary to develop an ontology (or ontologies) to use in descriptions of the data sets.
An ontology is a specification of a conceptualization of a domain of interest [4]. An
ontology can represent several levels of information [5]. From the lowest to the highest
levels of information, an ontology can be categorized as a: catalog (list of terms),
glossary (list of terms with definitions), thesaurus (list of terms with definitions and
synonyms), and a more formal ontology (list of terms with definitions, synonyms, and
other relationships between terms).
Many efforts have focused on creating some type of ontology for oceanographic data
sets, and demonstrate the critical need to standardize descriptive terms These efforts are
not being done in a coordinated way to meet the broad needs of the ocean data
community. They are specific to the needs of the individual projects or programs, which
often exacerbates the challenge of interoperability between data systems.
Several ontology development efforts aim to identify a simple catalog or list of terms to
use in data sets and metadata, such as: NASA Strategic Evolution of ESE Data Systems
(SEEDS)[6] , CLIVAR [7] ), and NASAs Global Change Master Directory [8] . Several
ontology development efforts also aim to identify a higher level ontology via a glossary
or list of terms with definitions; see References [9] through [18] for a detailed partial list
Fewer efforts have focused on developing more formal ontologies which specify complex
relationships between terms, such as the Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental
Terminology (SWEET) ontologies [19]. Other higher level ontologies in the ocean data
community include those associated with the ARION digital library project [20] and the
Poseidon project [21], a distributed system for real-time interdisciplinary ocean field and
uncertainty forecasting with adapting modeling and adaptive sampling.
The above efforts (and likely others that will be identified during the work proposed)
provide a sound basis for the development of a community-based ontological framework.
Our goal is not to create a single replacement for these efforts, nor to integrate them all
into a single super-ontology. Rather, we will first comprehensively review the status,
goals, and capabilities of these efforts. From this understanding, we will seek common
and effective strategies for data system developers to incorporate functional, mature
metadata architectures in their systems. In some cases this may call for the adoption of a
single existing ontology; in others, for adopting multiple ontologies (for example, using
namespaces). Recommendations will be made, and efforts initiated as needed, to address
the need for a comprehensive solution. The strong desire for a single all-encompassing
ontology is years from being met, but informed approaches to integrating current work
will move the state of current technology toward a unified solution.
The development of such a community-based ontology framework is timely in that NSF,
through its Ocean Observatories Initiative, and its partner agencies in the Integrated
Ocean Observing System, are investing millions in ocean research and emphasizing ready
access to ocean data and data products from a variety of data systems. Examples of these
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 3
efforts include projects in biological information systems like OBIS, geoscience data
systems like PetDB, RIDGE2K, and MARGINS, and infrastructure projects like
OPeNDAP.
The Need for Metadata Standards for Ocean Data Sets
An ontology or set of complementary ontologies improves semantic interoperability by
providing the controlled vocabulary for metadata field names and content in a standard.
General metadata standards, such as the Federal Geographic Data Committees Content
Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC) [22], and the International Standards
Organization (ISO) 19115 [23] standard, exist to guide structural or syntactic metadata
development for geospatial data sets. While extensive, these standards do not currently
incorporate, or do not represent in a way that is computationally useful for searches and
retrieval, all of the metadata fields necessary to adequately describe a broad range of
ocean data sets. Nor do they address the question of semantic interoperability between
data sets. These omissions are problematic given the many extensive efforts in ocean
observing systems that rely upon metadata as the lynchpin for sound data management
and interoperability between systems. The omissions also contribute to the fact that ocean
data sets are expensively acquired but rarely re-used. Even data sets cited in journals and
reports often cannot be found or used easily. Scientists need to have the ability to
discover, analyze, process and reprocess, and reapply data sets to advance science. With
effective, controlled vocabularies and standardized metadata frameworks, all of these
tasks can be much simpler for the user, and even automated.
For example, many scientists and data systems store their metadata (such as cruise details
and sensor descriptions) for various types of ocean data sets according to the FGDC
metadata standard. The scientists are storing this information in several different sections
in the FGDC standard. In this situation, the useful ocean metadata is buried in the text
(available for full-text, but not field-specific, searches) and is often included in sections
that are counter-intuitive for that information. It is possible to improve the FGDC
standard by identifying either an appropriate profile or extension to the core standard
(such as the biological [24], remote sensing [25] or shoreline [26] profiles), which can
include identifying an ontology to use in the metadata content as well as any new
metadata fields. However, significant time and financial resources, as well as community
building, are required to undertake such efforts.
Other common metadata formats that are used across disciplines include the Directory
Interchange Format (DIF) [27], the Dublin Core [28], and MARC21 [29]. The DIF is a
metadata format compatible (i.e., you can map the fields) to the FGDC CSDGM. It is the
format used by the Global Change Master Directory and the Marine Environmental Data
Inventory [http://ioc.unesco.org/medi/index.html] project. However, the field lengths in
the DIF are limited and the semantic heterogeneity issue isn't addressed, which makes
successful mapping between standards difficult. The Dublin Core metadata standard is a
simple yet effective element set for describing a wide range of networked resources,
focusing on bibliographic needs. The Dublin Core standard does not include any
metadata elements for data quality, is generally not oriented for scientific data, and like
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 4
most metadata standards, does not address semantic heterogeneity. The MARC21
represents and communicates bibliographic and related information in machine-readable
form. It can be represented in XML, but is not oriented to scientific data. Again, it may
be possible to adapt these standards and define ontologies to meet the needs of the ocean
data community, but this will take a community-based effort.
Mappings between different metadata standards that scientists use, and then coding these
mappings so that translations can be done automatically between standards, are other
possibilities to encourage ocean metadata development. For example, crosswalk tools
exist to translate from the FGDC standard to the ISO 19115 standard [30]. However,
information is typically lost when translating from one standard to another. One possible
solution to this challenge is to identify a superset of metadata elements from a suite of
metadata standards that the community identifies as appropriate, and then use this
superset as the basis for the translation to a standard of choice.
Several metadata standards or conventions (based on file format) are in use for ocean data
sets in addition to DIF, the Dublin Core, MARC21, and the FGDC standard with
extensions or profiles described above. Some of these metadata standard efforts build
upon some of the ontologies previously mentioned. For example, the Cooperative
Ocean/Atmosphere Research Data Service (COARDS) Conventions [31] for the
standardization of NetCDF files provides structural conventions to enhance the exchange
of NetCDF files via DODS/OPENDAP. The Climate Forecast (CF) standard [3] is an
addition to the COARDS convention to standardize NetCDF files. It is a standard to
distinguish quantities (physical description, units, prior processing, etc.) and to locate the
data in space and time and as a function of other independent variables (coordinates). CF
provides basic information to help find data, such as ways to record where and how the
file was produced). EPIC [32], the ARGO/Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment
[33], the OceanSites program [34] and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment [35] all
have program specific NetCDF file conventions. The National Virtual Ocean Data
System has also been working on a metadata model for mooring data that is based on
COARDS and CF. These efforts to standardize the structure of NetCDF files are critically
important, but they do not address the semantic heterogeneity (or even completely the
content) in the data set descriptions. The Ecological Modeling Language [36], SensorML
[37], and Marine XML [38] are XML applications representing metadata on ecological
data sets, sensors, and marine data sets, respectively. However, XML is a syntactic model
that cannot compensate for: a) the fact that users may use different nestings of tags or
interchange elements and attributes; and b) that users may employ different terminologies
in tags or in the content. As a result, XML alone cannot enable automatic interoperability
because it does not address the semantic heterogeneity issues [39].
All of these efforts have addressed parts of the metadata standardization challenge, for
particular communities, particular applications, or particular data models. Identifying
their inconsistencies and weaknesses that hamper interoperability, and creating consensus
and concepts for more interoperable approaches, will be a significant intellectual
challenge and community accomplishment.
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 5
Broader Impact
The proposed project advances the standardization of metadata descriptions of data sets
and, as a result, enhances data management and interoperability. Data management is one
of the most critical activities in ocean research, but it also one of the most poorly
accomplished [40]. Currently, there is no coherent data management and communications
strategy that will permit integration of diverse ocean data sets [1]. This work will
contribute to the development of such a strategy by helping to accomplish several of the
metadata tasks listed in the IOOS DMAC (Data Management and Communications) plan.
NSF has also held several workshops on the need for interoperability between data
systems in the geosciences, including the NSF/ONR Workshop on Data Assimilation in
Ocean Research and the NSFs First Interoperability Design Challenge Workshop.
Further, oceanographic data is expensive to acquire but is rarely re-used. For example,
ship time for large blue-water vessels can cost $100,000 per day. Individual samples can
costs hundreds to thousands of dollars simply for analysis. Such data acquisition and
analysis costs add up quickly and are largely publicly funded. As a result, it is critical to
make such data sets readily available for re-analysis and reuse.
This project will engage wide representation from the oceanographic community by
providing information and soliciting feedback on community websites, at a town meeting
at the AGU Fall 2004 Meeting in San Francisco, at the OOS Tech 2005 workshop, and
through email listservs, at a minimum. It will enhance the infrastructure for research and
education by improving partnerships among agencies, lead oceanographic and related
institutions, as well as by developing concrete metadata guidance for all prospective
participants in the ORION and the IOOS.
The project will facilitate the wider use of interoperable systems for educational and
other community purposes. By making metadata information more readily available to
data system developers, it will advance both their capabilities, and expectations within
the field of oceanographic data management.
This project will also involve a leader in marine GIS, metadata, and education, Dawn
Wright, from Oregon State University, and will support the work of one of her graduate
students on this project.
Results of Prior NSF Support
Note that John Graybeal (MBARI), Stephanie Watson (CeNCOOS), and Philip Bogden
(GoMOOS/SURA) have no prior NSF support.
Stephen Miller and John Helly, UCSD
1. J. Helly, NSF GEO SGER ATM-0333354 ($113,631) Workshop to Advance Long-Term
Data and Metadata Interoperability in the Environmental and Earth Sciences, 8/03-8/05.
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
Page 6
2. J. Helly, NSF 9980154/KDI($727,667): A Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity:
Building and Evaluating a Metadata-based Framework for Integrating Heterogeneous
Scientific Data
3. S. Miller, S. Cande, P. Henkart, I. Zaslavsky, NSF OCE ITR/IM 01-13999 ($497,000)
SIOExplorer: Web Exploration of Seagoing Data, 10/01-9/04.
4. B. Schottlaender, J. Helly, S. Miller, H. Staudigel, C. Johnson, NSF DUE NSDL 0121584 ($900,381) Bridging the Gap between Libraries and Data Archives, 10/01-9/03.
5. S. Miller, J. Helly, S. Cande, NSF OCE 02-20942 ($249,942) Multibeam Database:
Search and Rescue, 8/02 – 7/04.
6. S. Miller, J. Helly, H. Staudigel, C. Johnson, NSF DUE NSDL 03-33705 ($599,948)
Mobilizing Enduring NSDL Resources in Plate Tectonics Research for Earth Science
Education, 10/03 – 9/05
Many of the interoperability issues in this proposed new effort are being discussed in
depth by a broad spectrum of the NSF community, under award (1) which supported a
December 2003 workshop of experienced information system developers, to assess what
we have learned about interoperability as a community from the IT investments of NSF
over the past decade. A second workshop was held in May 2004 with current and future
developers to minimize redundant effort and maximize useful innovation.
The Knowledge and Distributed Intelligence (KDI) ecological metadata funding (2)
provides a mechanism for discovering, acquiring and understanding the contents of
individual data sets. It includes construction of a network-based metadata server and a
federated data network on the server side, and client software for inserting the data and
metadata as well as querying the catalog in various ways and retrieving selected datasets.
This technology is also used by the Ecological Society of America
(http://esa.sdsc.edu/datapaper) and by EarthRef (http://earthref.org).
The original idea for SIOExplorer came from an ITR award (3) to open access to nearly
800 SIO expeditions for both research and education. The effort was then formalized as a
fully-searchable digital library with an NSDL Collections Track project (4) by a group of
investigators at SIO, SDSC and the UCSD Libraries (http://SIOExplorer.ucsd.edu), for
which Helly is the principal architect. Award (5) rescues data from tape storage, corrects
myriad systematic problems, and loads nearly 300 cruises of detailed multibeam data in
the digital library, ready for combination with other sources, worldwide. A current
NSDL project (6) tests our digital library technology in national teacher workshops which
will enable students to conduct their own personal voyages of discovery in the context of
cruise data, plate tectonic concepts, and educational standards.
Selected publications include:
§
§
§
§
§
Helly, J. "New concepts of publication." [41]
Helly, J., et al, "A Method for Interoperable Digital Libraries and Data Repositories,"
[42]
Helly, J., et al. "Controlled Publication of Digital Scientific Data." [43]
Helly, J., et al. "Scalable Models of Data Sharing in the Earth Sciences." [44]
Miller, S. P., et al. "SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project, in An Ocean Odyssey" [45]
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Robert Arko, LDEO
RIDGE 2000 Open Data Exchange System (RODES). OCE03-28117 (2003-2006). The
Ridge 2000 Open Data Exchange System [51] has been designed, built, and active online
serving the public since December 1, 2003. RODES has been implemented in close
collaboration with several related NSF funded database projects (MARGINS Focus Site
Data Management, Marine Seismic Reflection Data Management System, and Antarctic
Geophysical and Multibeam Synthesis), as part of an overall Marine Geoscience Data
Management System [52] using an integrated backend system and shared metadata
schema. Two interfaces are currently available: a Web-based search tool [53] and a
cross-platform Java application [54]. A set of (data) inventory forms designed to capture
metadata in a standardized way has been distributed to each funded investigator on each
marine field program. To date, the database has been populated with all Ridge 2000 (and
earlier RIDGE) funded programs carried out on the R/V Ewing (1990-2004), and serves
basic cruise metadata, links to NSF awards, as well as navigation, gravity, magnetics, and
bathymetry data. A Data Management System (DMS) steering committee has been
established and will meet in July 2004. Progress has been reported at the Ridge 2000
Community Meeting in November 2003, the AGU Fall Meeting in December 2003, the
Ridge 2000 Steering Committee Meeting in April 2004, and the DLESE Data Services
Workshop in May 2004.
Francisco Chavez, MBARI
Collaborative Research: Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments (SOFeX)-OCE0000364 (Francisco Chavez, PI, Ken Johnson, co-PI). The Monterey Bay Aquarium
Research Institute (MBARI) provided instrumented drifter packages and associated
support for real-time tracking and in-water measurement (physical, chemical and biooptical) in support of the Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment (SOFeX). In
addition, MBARI provided continuous measurements of dissolvable iron and pCO2
concentrations while the ship was underway in the patch. The use of drifters offered the
ability to continuously monitor the fertilized and control areas without committing ship
time to the task. There is one publication to date (synthesis is ongoing), in Science:
Coale, K.H., et al. "Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment (SOFeX):
Carbon and Silicon Cycling in Antarctic Waters." [50]
Project Approach
This Marine Metadata Interoperability proposal addresses the need for a collaborative
metadata development effort, which can lead to concrete technical deliverables and the
establishment of an ongoing metadata development community. Culminating deliverables
include:
•
a centralized community resource on the World Wide Web for metadata activities
and information, including the content development described below; and
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•
demonstration projects using metadata to work with multiple and varied
distributed oceanographic data sets.
The web site will serve as a focal point for community metadata efforts, around which
knowledge and involvement can coalesce and be organized.
The proposed effort will emphasize access to, and reference to, existing standards and
work, rather than development of entirely new and separate approaches or solutions. For
example, FGDC (and its successor ISO 19115) is a required metadata standard for
geospatial data sets collected by a federal agency or other federally funded entity. This
standard will be referenced and perhaps augmented, but not diminished, by these efforts.
Tasks
The primary task will be to create and maintain a central, community-oriented,
collaboratively developed web site for oceanographic metadata. This site will contain
several topic-specific sections. Each section of the site will provide the content and
structure needed to educate and entrain participants interested in that topic.
The web site will represent the work of many independent but collaborating
organizations. While a few of these organizations will receive funding via this proposal
(to contribute specific parts of the common effort), all participants will contribute
resources as part of their own metadata standards- and community-building efforts.
Particular topics will be included in the web site and correspond to the following tasks
(these tasks are described in more detail in the following paragraphs): (1) References
development; (2) Ontology development; (3) Standards development process; (4)
Cookbook pages; (5) Demonstration Projects.
References Development Task
References will be documented in three major categories: Standards, Tools, and Data
Management Projects. The Standards category is the highest priority, but the other
categories will also be important references for system developers.
a. Standards
i. Vocabularies/ontologies (e.g., SWEET, GCMD) (see Ontology
development below)
ii. Storage/organization protocols/schema/representation (e.g., FGDC, XML
schema, MIF, RDF, OWL)
iii. Exchange protocols (e.g., OAI, Z39.50, OPeNDAP)
b. Tools
i. ontology development (to build ontologies, whether simple dictionaries or
complex vocabularies)
ii. metadata management (storage, crosswalking, distributed access and
exchange)
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iii.
for using metadata in data systems (e.g., COARDS CF-compliant tools;
metadata entry or formatting tools)
c. Data Management Projects Incorporating Metadata
i. technologies/approaches; status; lessons and best practices
The focus of the reference development effort is to consolidate a list of the relevant
efforts in a single place. This enables developers to confidently access the latest
information on subjects of interest. It also provides a location for metadata projects to
"register" their work, so that others can know about it and find it.
The web site will document the status of referenced material whenever possible, and will
also include a way for members of the community to post suggestions or comments.
Ontology Development Task
a. Reference existing dictionaries, thesauri, and other ontologies (see the References
Development subsection above)
b. Identify tools to develop, maintain, and access ontologies
c. Identify areas needing progress
d. Conduct a reference development effort (developing a focused ontology)
It is not realistic to attempt to develop a complete oceanographic ontology in one year. In
fact, many existing ontology development efforts exist. This task will build on the
Reference Development effort, evaluating the ontology development efforts and tools,
and identifying areas where progress is needed. The ontology survey will have a wide
scope, addressing platforms, instruments, sensors, data items, and deployments.
As part of the evaluation task, an oceanographic ontology will be developed for a specific
domain, following the examples at the Marine Metadata Workshop [47]. The ontology's
level of detail (dictionary, thesaurus, etc.) is to be defined. Targeted products include
defined metadata parameter sets (i.e., content standard) for the selected domain, a
controlled vocabulary, one or more interoperable implementations of the content
standard, and applicable tools such as converters and import/export filters.
Standards Development Task
There are many potential metadata standards which could be addressed as part of the
Marine Metadata Interoperability project. At a minimum, the FGDC and the ISO 19115
metadata standards will be included in an analysis of existing standards. One possible
product is a superset of metadata elements from all community-identified metadata
standards. Such a superset of elements can then be used to implement translators between
different metadata standards. See the Intellectual Merit section above for more detailed
discussion of this task.
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Metadata Cookbook Task
a. Provide general guidance on metadata issues to data system developers
i. how to do certain functions; possible resources; best practices
b. Provide input to NSF metadata initiatives (including ORION)
c. Provide input to the IOOS DMAC implementation effort
The Marine Metadata Interoperability project's Metadata Cookbook will document
metadata-related issues and tasks for data system developers. It will provide a starting
point for those developers who are wondering how to address challenges like controlled
vocabularies and metadata development. The Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
cookbook (for data systems in general) provides an example of this concept, and may
serve as a basis for this work.
This project will interface closely with related NSF initiatives, particularly ORION.
Specific input on metadata development will also be provided to the IOOS DMAC
implementation efforts, so that this project remains aligned with the IOOS DMAC, and
reflects the same overall understanding of metadata issues as that group.
Metadata Interoperability Demonstrations
Participants in this activity will lead two parallel efforts to demonstrate the use of
metadata in creating interoperable data systems. An MBARI-led effort will focus on data
acquisition and management as part of its Shore Side Data System [46,54], and a SURAled effort will focus on creation of integrated data products leveraging a recent
implementation of the OpenGIS Consortium (OGC) web services (see
http://www.openioos.org). The MBARI-led effort will also complement a pilot project
undertaken by CeNCOOS partners to promote the regional data management systems' use
of OPeNDAP as a data transport protocol and Live Access Server for on-line browse.
Both testbed demonstration activities represent significant cost-share contributions to the
overall goals of this proposal, thereby augmenting the funds requested from NSF. Please
note that the MBARI-led effort is pending approval in the annual MBARI proposal
approval process; however, much of the required functionality is already developed.
Demonstration #1: Data Acquisition & Management
This task will use an MBARI-developed data system (the Shore Side Data System
[46,54] as the core of a multi-data set, multi-institution demonstration of metadata
utilization. The demonstration will show how metadata is useful at various stages of data
management, and will allow external clients to make their own demonstrations using the
resulting public data sets.
Key features of the resulting demonstration will include:
•
ingest of data from multiple platforms using detailed metadata descriptions
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fixed observational asset with streaming data (mooring)
remote sensing platform (satellite, airfcraft, or radar data)
mobile autonomous asset (AUV or glider)
cabled observing system (prototype, a la MARS, or exemplar)
external data set(s) (TBD)
processed data set (TBD)
search for data based on metadata naming standards (defined ontologies)
browse data based on metadata describing the data's life cycle and deployment
(e.g., platform, collection time, deployment, mission, or relation to other data sets)
display or present data using embedded metadata to control outputs (e.g., plot
format, missing data, and plot contents)
access to data subsets based on metadata
o via standard OPeNDAP interface (for compatible data sets)
o via web-accessible URL, integrating multiple data items from different
platforms into single merged data set
access to descriptive metadata itself
o
o
o
o
o
o
•
•
•
•
•
This data system's core functionality has been developed, although features must be
added to illustrate some of these metadata applications. The modularity of the existing
system will allow key metadata discoveries and directions to be integrated as the year
progresses. Note that while the number of assets and data types to be described and
integrated is large, it is by no means comprehensive. Other data such as ship and ROV
data, model outputs, climate data products, and historical collections could be addressed
in follow-on work.
Demonstration #2: Data Sharing and Product Development
A SURA-led effort will use evolving metadata standards from this project to build from
an existing multi-institutional interoperability demonstration that employs Open GIS
Consortium (OGC) standards for web services. This interoperability demonstaration
involves a group of NOAA- and ONR-funded ocean observing programs around the U.S.
Published data to date include in situ sea-surface temperature, satellite SST, and seasurface winds. Metadata that describe the geospatial characteristics (e.g., projections,
map extents, etc.) are invisible to the user because they are built into the software that
implements the protocols. However, by design, the OGC protocols do not specify
metadata requirements for the data that are transferred and visualized. For this ocean
science community, this lack of standard metadata conventions causes problems. The
non-uniformity can be seen by querying points on the demo map, which shows that each
data provider uses a different set of attributes. Lack of standards also complicates
implementation, since we must communicate directly with each data provider to confirm
their local standards. This prevents the demonstration from being easily scalable to
multiple partners.
SURA will support expansion of the existing demonstration to include the following
capabilities:
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1. Discovery and search tools, based on standardized metadata attributes, will be
added to the OGC client site (which functions as the web server for the integrated
products). This capability will leverage metadata standardization and will entail
working with the partners to publish their FGDC-compliant metadata to one of the
standard clearinghouses, such as the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI);
2. New data types will be added to the demo, along with the ability to distinguish
data sources by measurement platform;
3. We will add easily customized tools that leverage the metadata standards for
visualization and query on OGC client/web server (e.g., by using the OGC Style
Layer Descriptor specification);
4. "How-to" documents and best practices for participation in the OGC demo will
include these new capabilities.
To encourage participation in the enhanced demonstration, SURA will continue to
provide technical support for all interested participants. As in the first implementation,
SURA will hire technical contractors to work with the Information Technology staff of
participating institutions. In addition, SURA will support the creation of OGC publication
software that simplifies the process that a data provider must follow to publish their data
to the Internet with the OGC services (including data served by OPeNDAP). Open
Source software tools and documentation will be made freely available to all participants.
Project Management and Coordination
The Marine Metadata Interoperability effort is organized as an open collaboration. With
support from both NSF and NOAA leadership, the project will engage a broad range of
the oceanographic metadata community to contribute its knowledge and talents.
The project will be led by the PIs and a Steering Committee, with support from a
technical team, which provides a primary interface to the larger oceanographic
community. Technical tasks performed by the team will include:
a. Web site development (standards, procedures, etc.),
b. Workshops planning and web site enhancements, and
c. Meeting/telecon planning and web site enhancements.
The technical effort will be coordinated by the Lead PI, John Graybeal (MBARI), with
input from Co-PIs Stephanie Watson (CeNCOOS), Francisco Chavez (MBARI), Stephen
Miller (UCSD), Robert Arko (LDEO), Philip Bogden (GoMOOS/SURA), and the
guidance of the Steering Committee. These principal PIs are uniquely qualified to lead
such a project due to their collective experience in oceanography, metadata architectures,
data systems development (MBARI's SSDS and GoMOOS' interoperability
demonstrations) and community-building workshops (Marine Metadata Initiative, OOS
Tech 2003 and 2004).
NSF funds will be extended by in-kind contributions from the SURA Coastal Ocean
Observing Program (SCOOP), and by participating institutions. (See attached letters of
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability
Proposal #6389984
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commitment.) All the efforts of participating organizations, institutions, and individuals
will be coordinated by the Lead PI, and reviewed by the Steering Committee, to ensure a
coherent direction and project-level goals. The goals will be defined to address the needs
of the oceanographic science community, both for specific technical results, and for an
ongoing community process to achieve further critical objectives.
Funded PIs will provide technical staff (building a technical team) toward the common
framework, as directed by the Marine Metadata Interoperability project PIs and the
Steering Committee. All project partners, Steering Committee members, and participating
members of the community will apply their expertise to improve the content, credibility,
and usefulness of the collaboration.
Each project task (or subtask) will be coordinated by a member of the project
management team or technical team, or by another designated person. This coordinator
will manage development of web site products for that project topic, under the guidance
of the PIs and the Steering Committee. The coordinators of each task will collaborate
closely throughout the project. Coordinators will report on their progress to the Steering
Committee at monthly Steering Committee telecons.
The technical team is made up of the technical staff contributing to the project. One of
the key roles of the technical team will be to solicit, obtain, and document information
about metadata topics from members of the community. Toward this end, the technical
team will actively engage participants in the organizations and projects they represent,
facilitating technical exchange between those organizations and the Marine Metadata
Interoperability Project. A full-time technical coordinator will be hired to make the
technical team's activities as effective as possible.
Steering Committee
The Steering Committee will be a critical component of the proposed project. Reflecting
the inclusive nature of the proposal, the Steering Committee will represent a wide range
of oceanographic community interests.
The roles of Steering Committee members include reviewing status of the projects,
recommending next steps, responding to information requests (particularly, providing or
finding information about other metadata initiatives), and contacting others in the
community as needed.
Steering Committee Representation
The Steering Committee will include representatives from as many of the following
organizations and groups as possible, with geographic diversity an additional goal: ocean
research community; multiple federal agencies; international efforts; knowledge
representation community; the Marine Metadata Initiative, and the FGDC community.
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The Lead PI will serve as the chair of the Steering Committee. The following have agreed
to be on the Steering Committee (1-2 others will be added): Stephanie Watson
(CeNCOOS), Philip Bogden (SURA), Julie Bosch (NOAA), Dawn Wright (OSU),
Stephen Miller (UCSD), Roy Lowry (British Oceanographic Data Centre), Robert Arko
(LDEO), Bob Weller (WHOI), and Mark Musen (Stanford).
Schedule
This is a one-year effort. While it is intended to lead into larger efforts by the NSF,
ORION, and IOOS communities, it will produce several specific deliverables, including
functional demonstration software, by the end of its year of performance. The overall
project will be designed to allow a natural transition to another organization without
affecting its momentum.
After initial planning activities in Fall 2004, an initial meeting of the Metadata
Interoperability Steering Committee and presentation of the initiative, will take place at
the end of the year (targeted for the Fall AGU meeting in San Francisco). Toward the end
of the year, a workshop will be held in late summer on the east coast. SURA/SCOOP has
volunteered to host this gathering as their (already-funded) OOS Tech 2005 workshop.
The 2005 meeting will serve several purposes: a review of accomplishments and
direction, a dissemination of information about the Metadata Interoperability effort, and a
planning session for future work in this area. The meeting is likely to be quite large, as
interest and participation builds over the course of the year.
Project Milestones
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oct 2004: First Steering Committee meeting
Nov 2004: All technical team members identified
Dec 2004: Initial meeting at AGU
Jan 2005: Collocated technical team meeting
Feb and May 2005: Steering Committee quarterly review
Aug 2005: Metadata Interoperability Workshop and Project Review
Sep 2005: Final Steering Committee telecon
Technical Milestones
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nov 2004: Initial Metadata Interoperability Project web pages on-line
Jan 2005: Initiate demonstration project development
Apr 2005: Release preliminary metadata references and cookbook pages
May 2005: Release preliminary domain-specific metadata ontology
July 2005: Present preliminary metadata demonstrations
Sep 2005: Final Releases: complete final update of web site, present metadata
demonstration functionality (multiple sites), release domain-specific metadata
ontology, publish and distribute cookbook and/or other documents, submit
technical write-up and/or papers to appropriate journals
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[51]
Marine Geoscience Data Management System [online; http://www.marinegeo.org/]
[52]
Data Link web-based search tool [online: http://www.marine-geo.org/link/]
[53]
GeoMapApp cross-platform Java application [online;
http://www.geomapapp.org/]
[54]
MBARI Shore Side Data System [online:
http://www.mbari.org/rd/projects/2004/moos/600031_ssds_04.html]
Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability Proposal #6389984
Page 4
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH: JOHN GRAYBEAL
Professional Preparation:
1982 B.A., Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Berkeley
Other Professional Coursework:
2002 Object-Oriented Design. (TogetherSoft, San Jose, CA).
1999 The ACE ORB—TAO [a CORBA product] (Object Computing, Inc., St. Louis, MO)
1998 The ADAPTIVE Collaboration Environment [ACE] (Object Computing, Inc., St. Louis, MO)
1995 Cryptographic Systems (Spyrus, Inc., Santa Clara, CA)
1991 Total Quality Management (Sterling Software, Inc., Mtn. View, CA)
1990 UNIX System Administration (LURNIX, NASA Ames Research Center, CA)
1985 Designing High Quality User Interfaces (UC Extension, Santa Clara, CA)
Positions:
2001-Present Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: Lead, Information Applications Group
As IAG Lead, coordinate work of 5-6 team members in development of multiple data management
tools and systems. Serve as Project Lead for Shore Side Data System, Video Annotation and
Reference System, and several specific science applications. Coordinate technical work supporting
operational data systems, applications development, software resource management, and MBARI's
core data infrastructure. Develop Charter and policies for Information Applications Group. Share
responsibility for development of MBARI policies on data management, public data distribution, and
software distribution. Serve on User Committees advising management on MBARI core data
processes and standards, ROV issues, mooring issues, and wireless communications.
Led development of Shore Side Data System since arrival in 2001, and began implementation in
September 2002. Completed an initial release of the software, responsible for acquiring, storing, and
serving MOOS Test Mooring data, in November 2002, and operated it without failure since. Have
since added multiple platforms and data sources. Implemented features include: acquisition of
multiple described data streams; automatic processing of data streams in multiple formats
(sequential, binned packets, and netCDF) using XML metadata descriptions; automatic metadata
processing into structured repository; data search services based on deployment, instrument, or item
name; ability to access any data set or subset, as well as its metadata; real-time addition of, and
access to, new instruments or data streams.
1996-2001
1994-1996
1989-1994
1982-1989
Sterling Software at NASA Ames: Manager, SOFIA Observatory Data Systems
Sterling Software at NASA Ames: Group Lead, Authentication and Privacy Group
Sterling Software at NASA Ames: Project Mgr, Airborne Observatory Data Systems
Sterling Software at NASA Ames: Computer Ops/Lead, Kuiper Airborne Observatory
NASA Ames positions involved data system development, operations, and management. SOFIA
project involved developing and specifying standards-based, real-time data systems, and designing
systems to manage scientific data throughout its life cycle. On all projects, coordinated technical
development at multiple institutions, designed and tested software interfaces with national and
international teams, and achieved multiple successful software releases. Successfully used highly
configurable data system to control and test Telescope Assembly, using XML-based configuration
files to change systems' functional behaviors and user interfaces without reprogramming.
All positions at NASA Ames after 1988 incorporated Technical Lead and/or Project Manager
responsibilities, managing groups from 5 to 20 individuals and budgets up to $4,000,000 annually.
Management responsibilities included technical oversight, project reporting, budget preparation,
fiscal reporting, purchasing, proposal writing, and all personnel management responsibilities.
Positions through 1994 involved operational support, including real-time computer support on
airborne observatories. Specific tasks included science and mission data and metadata management,
computer systems analysis, hardware/software troubleshooting, configuration, programming,
maintenance, design, deployment planning, and on-board operation.
Publications:
1. Graybeal J, Gomes K, McCann M, Schlining B, Schramm R, Wilkin D. MBARI's SSDS:
Operational, Extensible Data Management for Ocean Observatories. 2003. The 3rd International
Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies. Tokyo.
2. Graybeal J, Brock D, Culp S, Lin L, Schlappe S & Webb G. (2000) SOFIA Misson Control
System Software. [Software]
3. Graybeal J, Brock D.& Papke B (2000) The Use of Open Source Software for SOFIA's Airborne
Data System. Proceedings of SPIE, 4009-17.
4. Graybeal J, Krzaczek B & Milburn, J (2000) SOFIA's CORBA Experiences: Instances of
Software Development. Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems X
5. Papke B, Graybeal J & Brock D (2000) An extensible and flexible architecture for the SOFIA
Mission Controls and Communications System, Proceedings of SPIE, 4014-35.
Software Releases:
1. Graybeal J, Chase A, Gomes K, McCann M, Schlining B, Schramm R and (2004) MOOS Shore
Side Data System, Revision 2. [Software]
2. Gomes K., Graybeal J. (2002-2004) MOOS Test Mooring Data Access. [Software]
3. Gomes K., Graybeal J, et al (2004). CIMT Mooring Data Access [Software]
[http://ssdspub.mbari.org]
4. Schlining B, Graybeal J & Jacobsen-Stout N. (2004) Video Annotation and Reference System,
Iteration 2. [Software]
Synergistic Activities:
2001-2004 MBARI's Shore Side Data System. Oral Presentations. MBARI.
As part of SSDS project leadership, present the system concept, design, and operational
concept to potential users from MBARI and collaborating institutions.
2004
Invited participant in IOOS DMAC Metadata Implementation Plan workshop (S Watson,
chair).
2003
Co-sponsored Marine Metadata Workshop.
2002
MBARI's Shore Side Data System. Oral Presentation. American Geophysical Union.
(Session OS10, Data Management.)
2002
Application of Data Management Solutions to TOPP Data Management. Invited Panelist,
Working Session on Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Data Management.
2002
Data from Observatories and NEPTUNE: A Soup-to-Nuts Primer on Educational
Possibilities. Invited Speaker, MBARI Educational Workshop on Data in Education.
Current and Pending Federal Funding: (annual total award size)
Pending: Collaborative Research: Marine Metadata Interoperability ($435,000).
CURRICULUM VITAE:
Francisco P. Chavez
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039-9644
Voice: 831-775-1709, FAX: 831-775-1620, Email: [email protected]
Education:
PhD Duke University
BS
Humboldt State University
Botany
Oceanography
1987
1977
Professional Background:
2000-present
2000-present
1996-2000
1992-1996
1990-present
1987-1992
Senior Scientist (IV), MBARI
Faculty (courtesy), Stanford University
Associate Scientist (III), MBARI
Associate Scientist (II), MBARI
Research Associate
University of California, Santa Cruz
Assistant Scientist, MBARI
Selected Professional Activities
Associate Editor, Geophysical Research Letters
Reviewer for Science, Nature, JGR, JMR, L&O, GRL, DSR, JPR, NASA, NOAA, NSF
Grant Recipient from NOAA, NSF, ONR, NASA, NOPP
Invited Participant Dahlem Konferenzen, NATO ARI
Panel member for NSF, NOPP, EPA
Member JGOFS time series oversight committee
Reviewer, Chilean Oceanographic Program, Peruvian Fisheries Program
NSF Alan Waterman award committee
NSF Advisory Committee for the Geoscience Directorate
Current Research Interests:
Biology and chemistry of the ocean in relation to natural climate variability and global change.
Instrumentation and systems for long-term ocean observing. Satellite remote sensing.
Graduate Advisor:
Richard T. Barber
Committee Member of Following Graduate Students:
Rafael A. Olivieri (UCSC), M. Celia Villac (Texas A&M), Jonathan Phinney (UCSC), Elena
Mauri (MLML).
Post-Doctoral Advisor for:
Chris Scholin, Raphael Kudela, Peter Strutton, Russell Hopcroft, John Ryan, Brad Penta, Victor
Kuwahara
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (from over 100)
Barber, R.T. and F.P. Chavez. 1983. Biological consequences of El Niño. Science, 222, 12031210.
Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987). An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Research, 34, 1229-1243.
Chavez, F.P. (1989). Size distribution of phytoplankton in the central and eastern tropical
Pacific. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 3, 27-35.
Chavez, F.P. and J.R. Toggweiler (1995). Physical estimates of global new production: the
upwelling contribution, In Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern Processes and Ancient
Records. Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L., and Zeitzschel, B.,
(eds.), p. 313-320, J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Chavez, F.P. (1996) Forcing and biological impact of onset of the 1992 El Niño in central
California. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 265-268.
Chavez, F.P., J.T. Pennington, R. Herlien, H. Jannasch, G. Thurmond and G.E. Friederich (1997)
Moorings and drifters for real-time interdisciplinary oceanography. Journal of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 14, 1199-1211.
Chavez, F.P. and C. Collins,eds. (1998) Studies of the California Current System, Deep-Sea
Research II, Volume 45.
Johnson, K.S., F.P. Chavez and G.E. Friederich (1999) Continental shelf sediment as a primary
source of iron for coastal phytoplankton. Nature 398, 697-700.
Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G.A. Feldman, D. Foley, and M.J.
McPhaden. (1999) Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the
1997-1998 El Niño. Science 286, 2126-2131.
Olivieri, R.O. and F.P. Chavez (2000) A model of plankton dynamics for the coastal upwelling
system of Monterey Bay, California. Deep-Sea Research II, 47, 1077-1105.
Chavez, F.P., D. Wright, R. Herlien, M. Kelley, F. Shane and P.G. Strutton (2000) A device for
protecting moored spectroradiometers from bio-fouling. Journal of Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Technology, 17, 215-219.
Chavez, F.P. and C. Collins,eds. (2000) Studies of the California Current System Part 2, DeepSea Research II, 47, 5-6.
Castro, C.G., F.P. Chavez and C. Collins (2001) The role of the California Undercurrent in the
export of denitrified waters from the eastern tropical North Pacific. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 21, 819-830.
Chavez, F.P., J.T. Pennington, C.G. Castro, J.P. Ryan, R.M. Michisaki, B. Schlining, P. Walz,
K.R. Buck, A. McFayden and C.A. Collins (2002) Biological and chemical consequences
of the 1997-98 El Niño in central California waters. Progress in Oceanography, 54, 205232.
Chavez, F.P, C.A. Collins, A. Huyer, and D. Mackas eds. (2002) El Niño along the west coast of
North America. Progress in Oceanography, 54, 1-6.
Chavez, F.P., J.P. Ryan, S. Lluch-Cota and M. Ñiquen C. (2003) From anchovies to sardines and
back-Multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 299, 217-221.
Curriculum Vitae
Stephanie M. Watson
Coordinator, Central California Coastal Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS)
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
7700 Sandholdt Road
Moss Landing, CA 95039-9644
[email protected]
Professional Preparation
University of Maine - Orono
Spatial Information Science and Engineering
M.S. 2002
University of Maine – Orono
Ecology and Environmental Sciences (marine)
M.S. 1996
University of Maine – Orono
Psychology
B.S. 1991
Appointments
Coordinator, Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS), Monterey
Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 2004 - present
Marine Mapping Users Group (MMUG) Coordinator/GIS Specialist, Pacific States Marine
Fisheries Commission/California Department of Fish and Game, 2003 (one year contract)
Research Associate/Project Manager, Department of Spatial Information Science and
Engineering, 2001-2003
Coastal Planner, Maine Coastal Management Program, 1998-2000
NOAA Coastal Management Fellow, Florida Coastal Management Program, 1996-1998 (two year
contract)
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Resource Economics and Policy, 1995-1996
Publications
1. Watson, S. 2004. Researchers Converge to Improve Metadata Standards, EOS, 85(9), p. 91.
2. Ames, E., S. Watson, and J. Wilson. 2000. Rethinking over fishing: Insights from oral
histories with retired fishermen. In B. Neis and L. Felt (Eds.) Finding Our Sea Legs: Linking
Fishery People and Their Knowledge with Science and Management. St. John’s,
Newfoundland: ISER Books, pp. 153-164.
3. Watson, S. 1999. Where It Counts: Community-based Initiatives in Coastal Management. In
Proceedings of the 1999 Coastal Zone Conference, San Diego, CA.
4. Watson, S. 1998. Local Coastal Hazard Mitigation Strategies in Florida. In Proceedings of the
th
16 International Conference of The Coastal Society: Minding the Coast – It’s Everybody’s
Business, Williamsburg, VA, pp. 304-309.
5. McCleave, J.D., P.J. Brickley, K.M. O’Brien, D. A. Kistner, M.W. Wong, M. Gallagher, and S.M.
Watson. 1998. Do leptocephali of the European eel swim to reach continental waters? Status
of the question. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K., 78, 285-306.
Synergistic Activities
• Development of public web pages providing a centralized resource for metadata development
tools, standards, and repositories as well as ocean data standards and Geographic Information
System tools.
Stephanie Watson
1
•
•
•
Holding Coordinator positions with both the Marine Mapping Users Group (2003-2004) and the
Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (present), both of which are aimed at
integrating activities and transferring knowledge in the broad ocean science and coastal
management communities
Member of the Central Coast Joint Data Committee to promote data sharing along the central
California coast
Member of the National Federation of Regional Associations to integrate activities of the Regional
Associations in IOOS
Collaborators and Other Affiliations
(a) Collaborators
N. Garfield (SFSU), J. Paduan (NPS), M. Moline (Cal Poly SLO), G. Crawford (Humboldt), Y. Chao
(JPL), E. Thornton (NPS), J. Doyle (NRL), W. O’Reilly (Scripps), L. Botsford (UC Davis), S. Williams
(UC Davis), S. Morgan (UC Davis), J. McWilliams (UC Davis), P. Barnard (USGS), R. Cheng
(USGS), D. Wright (OSU)
(b) Graduate Advisors
Dr. Kate Beard, Department of Spatial Information Science and Engineering, University of Maine
Dr. James Wilson, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine
Grants and Awards
1. $10,200,000 “A Coastal Ocean Circulation Monitoring Program for Northern and Central
California”, California Coastal Conservancy, 2004 – 2008, co-PI with Garfield, N., J. Paduan,
M. Moline, G. Crawford, Y. Chao, E. Thornton, J. Doyle, W. O’Reilly, L. Botsford, S. Williams,
S. Morgan, J. McWilliams, P. Barnard, R. Cheng.
2. $100,000 “Development and Implementation of a Marine GIS Curriculum”, NOAA Coastal
Services Center, 2003-2005, co-PI with Wright, D.
3. $ 18,000 “Spatial Data Management for the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System”,
University of Maine, 2001-2002, PI.
4. $101,062 “Clean Marinas and Boatyards: A Casco Bay Demonstration Project”,
Environmental Protection Agency, 2000-2003, co-PI with Swanton, S.
5. $52,314 “Weskeag River Estuary Best Management Practices Demonstration”,
Environmental Protection Agency, 2000-2002, co-PI with Watson, Susan.
6. $ 4,000 “Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Damariscotta River Watershed – An Education
Initiative”, Davis Conservation Foundation, 1999, PI.
7. $ 50,000 “Establishing a Pilot Beach Water Quality Monitoring Program in Florida”, NOAA,
1998-1999, co-PI with Grimm, E.
8. $ 62,000 “Local Coastal Hazard Mitigation in Florida”, Florida Coastal Management Program,
NOAA Coastal Management Fellowship, 1996-1998, PI.
Stephanie Watson
2
CURRICULUM VITAE
Robert Allen Arko
Present address:
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University
61 Route 9W
Palisades, NY 10964 USA
845-365-8752
[email protected]
Education:
Bachelor of Science, Computer Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Sept. 1992
Master of Science, Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, May 1998
Positions held:
Lead Programmer/Analyst, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Aug. 1998 – present
Intermediate Programmer/Analyst, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Aug. 1995 – Aug. 1998
Programmer/Analyst, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Sept. 1993 – Aug. 1995
Research Staff Assistant, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Sept. 1992 – Sept. 1993
Lab Supervisor, Ohio State University, Dec. 1989 – Sept. 1992
Areas of interest:
Database design and administration; Metadata interoperability; Real-time data acquisition;
Marine, airborne, and coastal geophysics
Professional memberships:
IEEE Computer Society
American Geophysical Union
Collaborators:
David Becker (TAMU) Robin Bell (LDEO), Suzanne Carbotte (LDEO), Dale Chayes (LDEO), John
Diebold (LDEO), Daniel Fornari (WHOI), John Graybeal (MBARI), John Helly (SDSC), Kim
Kastens (LDEO), Kerstin Lehnert (LDEO), Stephen Miller (UCSD), William Ryan (LDEO), Timothy
Shank (WHOI), Thomas Shipley (UTIG), Stephanie Watson (MBARI),
References:
Arko, R.A., Chayes, D.N., Carbotte, S.M., Ryan, W.B., Lehnert, K.A., and Shank, T.M.
Development of a Rapid, Standardized Data Inventory for R2K Field Programs. Eos Trans. AGU,
84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract B12A-0725, 2003.
Arko, R.A. and Chayes, D.N. A Web-Based Geospatial Metadata Browser. Eos Trans. AGU,
83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS62B-0252, 2002.
Chayes, D.N. and Arko, R.A. Real-time Metadata Capture Implementations. Eos Trans. AGU,
83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract OS62B-0252, 2002.
1