1. No category

IODP Proposal Cover Sheet
849 -
Apl
Indian Peninsula Paleoclimate
Title
Proponents
Keywords
The monsoon and pre-monsoon climate of the Indian Peninsula since the Paleocene
L. Giosan, S. Clemens, P. Clift, T. Collett, T. Eglinton, J. Flores-Villarejo, A. Gupta, E. Hathorne, T.
Irino, J. Johnson, D. Naidu, D. Pandey, A. Singh, R. Singh,
Monsooon, Paleoclimate, Paleoceanography, Erosion, Weathering
Area
Arabian Sea
Contact Information
Contact Person:
Department:
Organization:
Address:
Tel.:
E-mail:
Liviu Giosan
Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Fax:
[email protected]
Abstract
Scientific ocean drilling (DSDP, ODP, IODP) has never studied the proximal core regions of summer monsoon precipitation on
peninsular India located south of the Himalayas. Our target is a uniquely continuous sedimentary sequence in the
Kerala-Konkan Basin on the western Indian continental margin located offshore from the orographically-controlled high
precipitation band of the Western Ghats Range. With India’s partnership in IODP, this region is now accessible. We aim to
provide the first Cenozoic climate record with orbital resolution for peninsular India for monsoon and pre-monsoon climate.
The proposed site, located on a bathymetric high immediately northward of the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, was previously
drilled by the Indian National Gas Hydrate Expedition 01 (Site NGHP-01 1A) and has yielded a continuous sequence of
hydrate-free and turbidite-free, pelagic foraminifera-rich sediments extending into the upper Eocene. However, the
NGHP-01-1A cores are not appropriate for paleoceanographic studies due to single hole recovery and full-core sampling for
NGHP objectives.
We propose to use this unique opportunity to fill this geographic/scientific gap by reconstructing monsoon-related
temperature, precipitation/salinity and ocean circulation signals in marine and terrestrial biogenic components as well as the
provenance, weathering, and run-off signals in terrigenous detrital sedimentary components. Our main objective is to
understand the physical mechanisms underlying changes in monsoonal climate and paleoceanography. Based on
sedimentation rates and seismics we also aim to extend recovery into the Paleocene to recover the Paleocene-Eocene
Thermal Maximum. Recovery of a pre-monsoonal Oligocene to Paleocene section is particularly important because a
well-dated sequence of this age has never been recovered in the northern Indian Ocean and is critical for understanding
climate-tectonic interactions in the region. These goals directly address challenges in the ‘Climate and Ocean Change’ theme
of the IODP Science Plan.
Our APL is complementary to the following proposals: iMonsoon (795Full2), 549-Full6 (Pakistani margin OMZ); 595-Full
(Indus Fan/Murray Ridge); 793-CPP2 (distal Indus Fan), 820-Pre (Maldives coral based monsoon reconstruction), 818APL
(Indian margin OMZ), 552-Full3 (Bengal Fan), and 823-Full (Bengal Bay monsoon).
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849 -
Apl
Scientific Objectives
We propose to recover a Paleocene through Holocene sedimentary sequence within the proximal core region of summer
monsoon precipitation located along the western continental margin of India. We will reconstruct the pre-monsoonal and
monsoonal salinity record as well as the erosion, weathering and run-off signals in the Eastern Arabian Sea. Our objectives
are (1) to detect the onset, intensification phases and the complete Cenozoic evolution of the Indian monsoon at a location
free of any direct influence from the glaciated Himalaya and Tibet; (2) to establish the sensitivity and timing of changes in
monsoon circulation relative to external insolation forcing and internal boundary conditions; (3) to deconvolve the effects of
tectonics and pre-monsoonal/monsoonal climate change on erosion, weathering, and run-off; and (4) to determine for the first
time the expression of the Paleogene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in a foraminifera-rich pelagic setting in the northern Indian
Ocean. Resolving these outstanding issues using the geological record is also critical to providing verification targets for
climate models.
Non-standard measurements technology needed to achieve the proposed scientific objectives.
Proposed Sites
Site Name
KK-03A
Position
(Lat, Lon)
15.3061, 70.9032
Water
Depth
(m)
2674
Penetration (m)
Sed
400
Bsm
Total
0
Brief Site-specific Objectives
400 Priority 1: Reconstruction of oceanic
and terrestrial monsoonal paleoclimate
in the
Arabian Sea and Indian Peninsula
since Oligocene
Priority 2: Reconstruction of oceanic
and terrestrial pre-monsoonal
paleoclimate in the
Arabian Sea and Indian Peninsula in
Eocene and upper Paleocene
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The monsoon and pre-monsoon climate of the Indian Peninsula
since the Paleocene
Background and Justification
The impetus for this APL, which targets a continuous sedimentary sequence in the KeralaKonkan Basin on the western Indian continental margin, comes from the opportunity to
extend our records for monsoon and pre-monsoon climate in the eastern Arabian Sea and
peninsular India into the Eocene and possibly the Paleocene.
We propose to redrill Site NGHP-01 1A (proposed site KK03; Fig. 1a) [Collett et al., 2008]
that was recently explored for its gas hydrate potential by the Indian National Gas Hydrate
Expedition (NGHP) 01. The site is located on a bathymetric high immediately northward of
the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge and has yielded a continuous sequence of hydrate-free and
turbidite-free, pelagic foraminifera-rich sediments into the upper Eocene (Fig. 2). Preliminary
data shows that a continuous paleoclimate record at orbital time scales can be recovered at
this site by studying marine proxies and terrestrial materials originating from the nonglaciated part of the Indian subcontinent.
Fig. 1.
(a) upper panel: location of proposed
Site KK relative to other IODP
proposed in the region.
(b) lower panel: location of proposed
Site KK relative to the precipitation
patterns during summer over
monsoonal Asia (in mm/day; Liu et al.,
2005).
Similarly located sites (KK1&KK2) were originally part of the iMonsoon (795) drilling
proposal. The PEP argued that due to “the oceanographic complexities within the Bay of
1
Bengal, and the long transit time from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea” the iMonsoon
should focus on the Bay of Bengal. The imminent presence of JOIDES Resolution in the
Arabian Sea for drilling sites on the Indus Fan (793CPP2) and the submission of 819APL for
studying the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) makes our APL timely. Our site is located within
150 nautical miles from sites of either proposed expeditions.
1A
Ti/Ca
2674 m
0
Pleistocene
Pliocene
100
200
mbsf
Oligocene
0.1
10
Fig. 2
50
100
Miocene
~32 M a
0.001
0
Relatively stable fluxes:
relatively stable
climatic regimes
150
Dissolutionevent:
Miocene carbonate crash
200
Increasing detrital flux:
under climatic forcing
250
Simplified lithology log and a proxy
for terrigenous flux (scanning XRF
Ti/Ca) for Site 1A (proposed Site
KK) in the Arabian Sea (2674 m
water depth; drilled to 290 mbsf;
with the bottom age of ~32Ma)
300
Ti/Ca: fluxes of Ti of detrital origin and Ca of biogenic origin;
dissolution events also detectable. Note logarithmic scale.
A solid understanding of the physics behind the monsoons is of high societal relevance
[IPCC, 2007]. Of particular relevance for our APL is the lack of consensus regarding the
onset or intensification of the Indian monsoon (e.g., Allen and Armstrong, 2012). Some
proxy records suggest that the initial intensification occurred at ~7 to 8 Ma (e.g., [Kroon et
al., 1991; Prell et al., 1992]), whereas others suggest a considerably earlier onset, as early as
~22 Ma [Clift et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2002] or even during the Oligocene [Srivastava et al.,
2013]. Alternatively, the events at ~8 Ma were linked to global cooling [Gupta et al., 2004] or
coupled to productivity chnages [Filippelli, 1997]. Similarly, little consensus exists on the
ultimate forcing of monsoon winds and precipitation at orbital time scales [e.g., An et al.,
2011; Clemens et al., 2010; Ruddiman, 2006]. Detailed long-term monsoon records over the
Indian peninsula, south of the Himalayas, are practically non-existent, although this is the
area where humans are most affected by its vagaries.
Site KK03 has been chosen to provide a detailed record of monsoon evolution since its
inception for testing outstanding issues of the large-scale monsoonal circulation.
Furthermore, sedimentation rates at the site coupled with seismics suggest that the
paleoclimatic record can be extended into the Paleocene. This will enable the recovery of a
unique northern Indian Ocean Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event record in
2
a foraminifera-rich setting. Finally, acquisition of a climate record into the Paleocene (i.e.,
before the earliest widely accepted date for the India-Asia collision) will be central to testing
models linking the climatic evolution of South Asia to the development of Himalaya.
Drilling/Logging Objectives and Expected Results
Western India has a well-defined Cretaceous escarpment, the Western Ghats, which runs
parallel to the coast (Fig. 1a) at an average height of 1200 m. Monsoonal rains fall
preferentially between the coast and the Ghats (Fig. 1b) under an orographic influence (Xie et
al., 2006). As such, our coastal Arabian Sea Site KK03 is fed by low-salinity summer
monsoon waters directly from short high discharge Ghats rivers and from the Bay of Bengal
coming around the southern tip of India in winter [Jensen, 2001].
Drilling in the KK Basin during the Indian NGHP has provided a 290 m long record of the
upper sedimentary sequence at Site NGHP-01-01-A (Fig. 2). The sequence recovered is
dominated by calcareous oozes [Collett et al., 2008]. Core recovery was very good and the
quality of cores are outstanding even in the XCB coring interval, with weak biscuiting
occurring only in the lithified chalk at the base of the hole. The current age model uses 28
nannofossil datums [Flores et al., 2008] showing that sedimentation was continuous since 32
Ma. Although large sections utilized for gas hydrate studies at Site 1A prevents attempts to
improve the age model via cyclostratigraphy, prospects are high because XRF scanning
shows clear orbital cyclicity (Fig. 3) [Giosan et al., in prep.]. Although initially thought to
have potential for gas hydrate, the data collected at Site NGHP-01 show no evidence of or
proxies for gas hydrate (Collett et al., 2008), thus the proposed redrilling should result in
good recovery and be ideal for paleoclimate reconstructions.
Fig. 3
Examples of color cyclicity at Site
1A representing variable
terrigenous vs. carbonate
contributions as indicated by high
resolution Ti/Ca XRF scanning data.
3
The proposed drilling at Site KK03 is designed to take advantage of the monsoonal control
on the precipitation, ocean circulation, and sediment delivery by reconstructing the
precipitation/salinity on the western coast of India as well as erosion and run-off from the
Western Ghats. Preliminary data on the NGHP01-1A sediments [Johnson et al., 2009; Giosan
et al., in prep.] suggest that good salinity and terrestrial signals are recorded by organic
biomarkers as well as by surface dwelling foraminifera. There is a clear opportunity for
development of orbital chronologies into the Oligocene (and possibly even the Paleocene),
thus complementing and enhancing the results from fan settings targeted in Proposals 552
and 793 (but which will reconstruct Himalayan erosion and weathering, not monsoon
strength), as well as providing zonal contrast to iMonsoon (795) sites in the Bay of Bengal.
On the basis of NGHP Site 01A results, our Site KK03 targets the top 400m of section (2674
m water depth). This will be accomplished with triple APC and half APC to refusal followed
by triple XCB to 300 m (i.e., the top of the Eocene) and double XCB from 300 to 400m (i.e.,
Eocene-Oligocene). Based on the sedimentation rates between 32 and 25 Ma, we anticipate
recovery spanning the past ~60 m.y. with the same lithologies as at Site 01-A. Logging is
proposed for one of the longer holes to 400m (neutron density, litho-density, NGR,
Resistivity, acoustics, magnetic susceptibility and FMS). Including 1.5 days of logging, this
will require 7.5 days on site (less than 15% of a 60 days expedition). A rapid version with
elimination of logging and double APC to 400m would keep the time at ~3days. Recovery of
an Oligocene to Paleocene section is particularly important because a well-dated sequence of
this age has never been recovered in the northern Indian Ocean and is critical for climatetectonic science objectives.
Potential Risks
The site benefits from the experience of the Indian NGHP [Collett et al., 2008]. NGHP
recovered sediments that are not optimal for paleoclimate work because large sections of core
were used for hydrate studies and because of the single-hole approach, precluding
construction of continuous composite sections, a fundamental basis of all paleoceanographic
research. However, the NGHP has demonstrated that Site KK03 can be safely drilled with the
JOIDES Resolution and that paleoclimate records can be derived from the extant lithologies.
From a safety standpoint, NGHP Site 01 (at our Site KK03) showed no evidence of, or
proxies for, gas hydrate or significant amounts of free gas.
4
Analysis and Interpretation of Expected Results
We anticipate the generation of complete composite sections from triple coring at least as far
back as the Eocene. Microfossil, paleomagnetic datums and highly resolved benthic δ18O
records will provide the age control (including astronomical). Salinity is expected to be
reconstructed from surface foraminifera, various combinations of sea surface temperature
(SST from foraminiferal Mg/Ca, alkenone UK37’, or archaeal lipid-based TEX86), planktonic
δ18O, and sea level reconstructions to derive δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) as well as via organic
biomarkers such as δD of alkenones. Compound-specific leaf-wax D/H (δDwax) will be used
as a proxy for the D/H of precipitation (δDppt) while the carbon isotopic composition of
terrestrial plant biomass will be used to reconstruct past changes in the balance of C3 vs. aridadapted C4 type flora. Analysis of both leaf-wax δD and δ13C will be used to distinguish
between changes in moisture source and/or availability. The Sr-Nd isotope composition of
the silicate fraction, coupled with bulk sediment major and trace element analysis, will
provide information on provenance, weathering and run-off. The influence of the Deccan and
Indian craton, with vastly different radiogenic signatures is important in detecting oceanic
circulation patterns at our site, specifically whether it is dominantly from the north or south.
The narrow west Indian margin is an excellent environment for elemental XRF scanning and
mineralogical analysis of terrigenous sediments in order to constrain chemical weathering, as
well as provenance changes. XRF scanning work on NGHP01-1A cores show clear
variability of terrigenous elements on orbital time scales (Fig. 3) [Giosan et al., in prep.].
Relationship With Existing Proposals
In addition to iMonsoon (795Full2), our APL is complementary to the following proposals
(Fig. 1a): 549-Full6 (Pakistani margin OMZ); 595-Full (Indus Fan/Murray Ridge); 793-CPP2
(distal Indus Fan), 820-Pre (Maldives coral based monsoon reconstruction), 818APL (Indian
margin OMZ), 552-Full3 (Bengal Fan), and 823-Full (Bengal Bay monsoon). Our APL will
provide the longest pelagic-derived monsoon and pre-monsoon record, extending into the
Paleocene, and allow for a better parsing of the relative effects of tectonics and climate on
weathering and erosion in a core region of the Indian monsoon.
Site Survey Status
We believe site KK03 is sufficiently well characterized on the basis of existing well data and
seismic grid density to justify redrilling. It-is located at the same location as the already
drilled NGHP01-1A on a seismic line, but not on a crossing line.
5
References
Allen, M.B. and Armstrong, H.A. (2012), Reconciling the Intertropical Convergence Zone,
Himalayan/Tibetan tectonics, and the onset of the Asian monsoon system, Journal of Asian
Earth Sciences, 44: 36-47, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.04.018
An Zhisheng; Clemens, Steven C.; Shen, Ji; et al. (2011), Glacial-Interglacial Indian Summer
Monsoon Dynamics, Science, 333, 10.1126/science.1203752
Clemens, Steven C.; Prell, Warren L.; Sun, Youbin (2010), Orbital-scale timing and
mechanisms driving Late Pleistocene Indo-Asian summer monsoons: Reinterpreting cave
speleothem delta O-18, Paleoceanography, 25, 10.1029/2010PA001926
Clift, P. D., et al. (2008), Correlation of Himalayan exhumation rates and Asian monsoon
intensity, Nature Geoscience, 1(12), 875-880, 10.1038/ngeo351
Collett, T. S., et al. (2008), Indian National Gas Hydrate Program, Expedition 01 Initial
Reports, Directorate General of Hydrocarbons, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
(India), New Delhi.
Filippelli, G., 1997, Intensification of the Asian monsoon and a chemical weathering event in
the late Miocene early Pliocene: Implications for late Neogene climate change, Geology, 25,
10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0027:IOTAMA>2.3.CO;2
Flores, J.-A., et al. (2008), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy from Sediment Cores
Recovered in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Andaman Sea during NGHP Expedition
01, paper presented at International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Noida, India.
Giosan, L., et al. (in prep.), Chemostratigraphy of continental margin sediments around India
from XRF scanning of NGHP-01 cores, Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, Special
NGHP Issue, 2014.
Guo, Z. T., et al. (2002), Onset of Asian desertification by 22 Myr ago inferrred from loess
deposits in China, Nature, 416, 159-163,
Gupta, AK; Singh, RK; Joseph, S; et al. (2004), Indian Ocean high-productivity event (10-8
Ma): Linked to global cooling or to the initiation of the Indian monsoons? Geology, 32,
10.1130/G20662.1
6
IPCC (2007), IPCC climate change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, edited by
M. L. Parry, et al., pp. 315-357, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Jensen, T. G. (2003), Cross-equatorial pathways of salt and tracers from the northern Indian
Ocean: Modelling results, Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography,
50(12-13), 2111-2127, 10.1016/s0967-0645(03)00048-1
Johnson, J. E., et al. (2009), Long-term variability of carbon and nitrogen in the Bay of
Bengal and Arabian Sea: Results from NGHP Expedition 1., Eos Trans. AGU Fall Meet.
Suppl.,, 90(5), OS44A-40,
Kroon, D., et al. (1991), Onset of monsoonal related upwelling in the western Arabian Sea as
revealed by planktonic foraminifers, in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific
Results, edited by W. L. Prell and N. Niitsuma, pp. 257-264, Ocean Drilling Program,
College Station, Texas.
Prell, W. L., et al. (1992), Evolution and variability of the Indian Ocean summer monsoon:
Evidence from the western Arabian Sea Drilling Program, in Synthesis of results from
scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean, edited by R. A. Duncan, et al., pp. 447-469, AGU,
Washington DC.
Ruddiman, W. F. (2006), What is the timing of orbital-scale monsoon changes?, Quaternary
Science Reviews, 25, 657-658,
Srivastava, P., S. Patel, N. Singh, T. Jamir, N. Kumar, M. Aruche, and R. C. Patel (2013),
Early Oligocene paleosols of the Dagshai Formation, India: A record of the oldest tropical
weathering in the Himalayan foreland, Sedimentary Geology, 294, 142–156,
doi:DOI:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.05.011.
Xie, S.-P., et al. (2006), Role of narrow mountains in large-scale organization of Asian
monsoon convection, Journal of Climate, 19(14), 3420-3429, 10.1175/jcli3777.1
7
Proponents Relevant Expertise
Liviu Giosan
• Indian Monsoon: Morphodynamics and sedimentation of continental margins;
paleoceanography/paleoclimatology; and human-climate-landscape interactions
• Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
([email protected])
Steven Clemens
• Paleoclimate and paleoceanography with emphasis on Indian and Asian monsoon systems
• Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI. USA
([email protected])
Peter Clift
• Geology of continental margins with focus on Asia. Climate-tectonic interactions.
• Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
([email protected])
Tim Collett
• Geologic and geochemical controls on the occurrence of gas hydrates with emphasis on the
Indian and Andaman margins. Co-Chief, National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01
• U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA
([email protected])
Tim Eglinton
• Organic signatures preserved in the geologic record; Carbon cycle.
• Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
([email protected])
José Abel Flores Villarejo
• Biostratigraphy. Paleoclimate and paleoceanography
• Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
([email protected])
Anil K. Gupta
• Paleoclimate and paleoceanography with emphasis on Indian-Asian monsoons
• Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun-248001, India
([email protected])
Ed Hathorne
• Isotope and trace element geochemistry of marine biogenic carbonates
• GEOMAR l Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
([email protected])
Tomohisa Irino
• Sedimentology, Paleoclimate and paleoceanography with emphasis on Asian monsoon
8
• Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
([email protected])
Joel E. Johnson
• Marine geology with an emphasis on continental margin gas hydrate systems, submarine
canyon and slope sedimentology,and structural geology/tectonics.
• Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
([email protected])
Divakar Naidu
• Paleoceanography & Paleoclimatology with emphasis on Indian monsoon
• National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
([email protected])
Dhananjai K. Pandey
• Geodynamics and links to Indian monsoon
• National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco da Gama, Goa, India 403804
([email protected])
Arun Deo Singh
• Marine Micropaleontology, Oceanic biostratigraphy, Paleoceanography & Paleoclimatology
with emphasis on Indian monsoon
• Geology, Center of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University. Varanasi-221005, India
([email protected])
Raj Kumar Singh
• Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography, Micropaleontology, Hydrogeology with emphasis
on Indian monsoon
• School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Science, IIT Bhubaneshwar, Bhubaneswar-751 013,
India ([email protected])
9
IODP Site Summary Forms:
849 - Apl
Form 1 – General Site Information
Section A: Proposal Information
Title of Proposal: The monsoon and pre-monsoon climate of the Indian Peninsula since the Paleocene
Date Form Submitted: 2013-10-05 10:09:33
Site Specific Priority 1: Reconstruction of oceanic and terrestrial monsoonal paleoclimate in the
Objectives with Arabian Sea and Indian Peninsula since Oligocene
Priority Priority 2: Reconstruction of oceanic and terrestrial pre-monsoonal paleoclimate in the
(Must include general
objectives in proposal)
List Previous
Drilling in Area:
Arabian Sea and Indian Peninsula in Eocene and upper Paleocene
NGHP-01 1A
Section B: General Site Information
Site Name:
KK-03A
Area or Location: Kerala-Konkan Basin, Arabian Sea
If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#
Latitude:
Deg:
15.3061
Longitude:
Deg:
70.9032
Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:
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Jurisdiction: Indian EEZ
Distance to Land: 290
(km)
WGS 84
Primary:
yes
Alt:
Water Depth (m): 2674
Section C: Operational Information
Sediments
Basement
400
0
Proposed
Penetration (m):
Total Sediment Thickness (m)
900
Total Penetration (m): 400
General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:
(Specify or check)
Coring Plan:
Nannofossil and foraminifera oozes
Triple APC and half-length APC to refusal followed by triple XCB to 300 m (i.e., the top of the Eocene) and double XCB from
300 to 400 m (i.e., Eocene-Oligocene).
APC
VPC
APC
XCB
Wireline Logging Standard Measurements
Plan: WL
✘
MDCB
✘
PCS
RCB
Special Tools
Magnetic Susceptibility
LWD
✘
Magnetic Field
Formation Image
(Acoustic)
Formation Fluid
Sampling
Porosity
✘
Borehole Temperature
Density
✘
Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance
✘
Formation Temperature
& Pressure
Gamma Ray
✘
Geochemical
✘
VSP
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)
Re-entry
Side-Wall Core
Sampling
✘
Others:
✘
✘
Check-shot (upon request)
Max. Borehole Temp.:
28 °C
Mud Logging: Cuttings Sampling Intervals
(Riser Holes Only)
from
m
to
m
m intervals
from
m
to
m
m intervals
Basic Sampling Intervals:5m
Estimated Days: Drilling/Coring:
Logging:
6
1.5
Observatory Plan:
Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan
Potential Hazards/
Weather:
Shallow Gas
Complicated Seabed
Condition
Hydrothermal Activity
Hydrocarbon
Soft Seabed
Landslide and Turbidity
Current
Shallow Water Flow
Currents
Gas Hydrate
Abnormal Pressure
Fracture Zone
Diapir and Mud Volcano
Man-made Objects
Fault
High Temperature
H2S
High Dip Angle
Ice Conditions
CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,
(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)
vents)
Other:
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Total On-site:
Preferred weather window
October to April
Form 2 - Site Survey Detail
IODP Site Summary Forms:
Proposal #:
Site #:
849
KK-03A
Date Form Submitted: 2013-10-05 10:09:33
* Key to SSP Requirements
X=required; X*=may be required for specific sites; Y=recommended; Y*=may be recommended for specific sites;
R=required for re-entry sites; T=required for high temperature environments; † Accurate velocity information is
required for holes deeper than 400m.
SSP
Require- Exists
ments * in DB
1 High resolution
Primary Line(s)
Location of Site on line (SP or Time only)
Data Type
In SSDB SSP Req.
seismic reflection
no
Details
of available data and data that are still to be collected
K-95-8B-Gas-Gail-Stk
SP 7327
1a High
no
resolution
seismic
reflection
2 Deep Penetration
(primary)
K-95-8B-Gas-Gail-Stk
Crossing Line(s)
no
Location of Site on line (SP or Time only)
Location: SP 7327
Primary Line(s)
1b Highseismic reflection
no
resolution
seismic
reflection
(crossing)
Location:
2a Deep
3 Seismic Velocity
penetration
seismic
reflection
(primary)
4 Seismic Grid
Location:
2b Deep
penetration
seismic
5a Refraction (surface)
reflection
(crossing)
Location:
Crossing Line(s)
Location of Site on line (SP or Time only)
Location of Site on line (SP or Time only)
3 Seismic
Velocity
5b Refraction
(near
bottom)
4 Seismic
Grid
5a Refraction
6 3.5 kHz
(surface)
Location of Site on line (SP or Time only)
5b Refraction
(bottom)
7 Swath bathymetry
6 3.5 kHz
8a Side-looking
7 Swath
bathymetry
sonar (surface)
8a8b
SideSide-looking
looking
sonar (surface)
sonar (bottom)
8b Side looking
9 (bottom)
sonar
Photography or Video
9 Photography
or 10
videoHeat Flow
10 Heat Flow
11a
Magnetics
11a Magnetics
11b Gravity
11b Gravity
12 Sediment
cores
12 Sediment cores
13 Rock
sampling
13 Rock sampling
14a Water
current data
14a
14b IceWater current data
Conditions
14b
15
OBSIce Conditions
microseismicity
OBS microseismicity
1615
Navigation
17 Other
16 Navigation
17 Other
Page 1 of 1 - Site Survey Details
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Site NGHP 1A
Site NGHP 1A
Form 3 – Detailed Logging and
Downhole Measurement Plan
IODP Site Summary Forms:
Proposal #:
849
Site #:
KK-03A
Date Form Submitted:
2013-10-05 10:09:33
Water Depth (m):
2674
Sed. Penetration (m):
400
Basement Penetration (m):
0
Are high temperatures or other special
requirements (e.g., unstable formations),
anticipated for logging at this site?
Estimated total logging time for this site:
1.5
Relevance
Measurement Type
(1=high,
3=low)
Scientific Objective
Check Shot Survey
0
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Core-log integration.
2
Geochemical
Core-log integration.
2
Side-wall Core Sample
0
Formation Fluid Sampling
0
Borehole Temperature
0
Magnetic Susceptibility
Core-log integration.
1
Magnetic Field
0
VSP
0
Formation Image (Acoustic)
Core-log integration. Imaging of sedimentary structures, fractures
2
Formation Pressure &
Temperature
0
Other (SET, SETP, ...)
0
Page 1 of 1 - Detailed Logging and Downhole Measurement Plan
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IODP Site Summary Forms:
Proposal #:
849
Site #:
Form 4 – Environmental
Protection
KK-03A
Date Form Submitted: 2013-10-05 10:09:33
1
Summary
OperationsHazard
at site:
Pollution
&ofSafety
Triple APC followed by half-stroke APC to refusal (estimated at 200 m), Triple XCB to 300
Comment
(Example:
to refusal,
XCB 10
1. Summary
ofTriple-APC
Operations
at site.
m into basement, log as shown on form 3);
include # of holes for APC/XCB, # of
2. All hydrocarbon
occurrences
temperature deployments)
none
based on previous DSDP/ODP/IODP
drilling.
3.2All commercial
drilling
in this area
Based on previous
DSDP/ODP/IODP
that produced
or yielded
significant
drilling,
list
all
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon shows.
occurrences of greater than
background levels. Give nature of
show, age and depth of rock.
From available information, list all
commercial drilling in this area that
produced of
or gas
yielded
significant
4. Indications
hydrates
at this
hydrocarbon shows. Give depths and
location.
ages of hydrocarbon - bearing
5. Are deposits.
there reasons to expect
hydrocarbon accumulations at this
site?
3
6. What "special" precautions will be
taken
during
drilling?
4
Are there
any indications of gas
at this location?
Give
7. Whathydrates
abandonment
procedures
need todetails.
be followed?
m; Double XCB to 400 m.
Triple APC followed by half-stroke APC to refusal (estimated at 200 m), Triple XCB to 300
m; Double XCB to 400 m.
“Eocene
none to Middle-Miocene Carbonates & Paleocene to Middle Miocene Sandstones are
the possible reservoirs of Kerala-Konkan. Extensive carbonate platforms and shelf
margin reefal bodies developed during Eocene to early Middle Miocene post rift phase
over almost the entire western part of the shelfal horst-graben complex which serve as
the reservoirs. The slope basin transition zone, particularly in front of the major shelfal
depressions, is favorable for development of turbidite reservoirs in deep-sea fan
complexes. There is a possibility of extension of turbidite reservoir facies locally into the
Laccadive Depression through submarine canyons. Carbonate platforms around
Laccadive Islands are likely to provide abundant reservoir bodies in the region of
“Eocene toRidge”
Middle-Miocene
Carbonates
& Paleocene
to Middle
Miocene
Sandstones
are
Laccadive
(DGH India).
However no
hydrocarbons
have been
encountered
in the
the possible reservoirs
of Kerala-Konkan.
Extensive
carbonate platforms and shelf
Kerala-Kokan
basin at large.
http://www.dghindia.
org/15.aspx#
margin reefal bodies developed during Eocene to early Middle Miocene post rift phase
none
over almost the entire western part of the shelfal horst-graben complex which serve as
the reservoirs. The slope basin transition zone, particularly in front of the major shelfal
no
depressions, is favorable for development of turbidite reservoirs in deep-sea fan
complexes. There is a possibility of extension of turbidite reservoir facies locally into the
Laccadive Depression through submarine canyons. Carbonate platforms around
Core by core monitoring of hydrocarbons. Will sail with petroleum organic
none
geochemist
if Safety Panel recommends.
Standard operating conditions on advice of IODP and TransOcean drilling
superintendant. Plug well with cement.
8. Natural or manmade hazards which Tropical cyclones (June to September)
may effect ship's operations.
9.5Summary:
What
do to
you
consider
Are there
reasons
expect
the major
risks in drilling
at thisat site?
hydrocarbon
accumulations
this
no
None.
site? Please give details.
6
What “special” precautions need to
be taken during drilling?
Core by core monitoring of hydrocarbons. Will sail with petroleum organic
geochemist if Safety Panel recommends.
7
What abandonment procedures need
to be followed:
Standard operating conditions on advice of IODP and TransOcean drilling
superintendant. Plug well with cement.
8
Please list other natural or manmade
hazards which may effect ship's
operations:
Tropical cyclones (June to September)
(e.g. ice, currents, cables)
9
Summary: What do you consider the
major risk in drilling at this site?
Page 1 of 1 - Environmental Protection
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None.
IODP Site Summary Forms:
Proposal #:
Subbottom
depth (m)
849
-
Key reflectors,
Unconformities,
faults, etc
Form 5 – Lithologies
Site #:
Apl
Age
Assumed
velocity
(km/sec)
KK-03A
Lithology
Date Form Subm.: 2013-10-01 18:31:40
Paleo-environment
Avg. rate
of sed.
accum.
(m/My)
170
Top Middle
Miocene
11.5
1600
Nannofossil
Oozes
(Hemi)Pelagic
15
375
Top Eocene
34
1600
Nannofossil
Oozes
(Hemi)Pelagic
9
Page 1 of 1
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Comments
IODP Site Summary Forms:
Proposal #:
849
-
Subbottom
Site
depth (m)
Key reflectors,
Summary
Unconformities,
Figure Comment
faults, etc
Page 1 of 1 - Site Summary Figure
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Form
5 – Lithologies
Form 6 - Site
Summary
Figure
Site #:
Apl
Age
Assumed
velocity
(km/sec)
KK-03A
Lithology
Date Form Subm.: 2013-10-01 18:31:40
Paleo-environment
Avg. rate
of sed.
accum.
(m/My)
Comments
Line K-95-8B-Gas-Gail-Stk
SP:
Offset:
7400.0 7300.0 7200.0 7100.0 7000.0 6900.0 6800.0 6700.0 6600.0 6500.0 6400.0 6300.0 6200.0 6100.0 6000.0 5900.0
0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000
Line K-95-8B-Gas-Gail-Stk
SP:
Offset:
2.500
2.600
2.600
2.700
2.700
2.800
2.800
2.900
2.900
3.000
3.000
3.100
3.100
3.200
3.200
3.300
3.400
3.500
3.400
Site NGHP 1A
3.500
3.600
3.700
3.700
3.800
3.800
3.900
3.900
4.000
4.000
KKGH01
4.100
4.200
4.200
4.300
4.300
4.400
4.400
4.500
4.500
4.600
4.600
4.700
4.700
4.800
4.800
4.900
4.900
5.000
5.000
5.100
5.100
KKGH01
NGHP-01-02
KK03
5-8
K-9
Depth (m)
B
I
A-I
51
95-
K-
15° 00'
-2000
-2500
-3000
-3500
71° 00'
11.5 Ma
34 Ma
KKGH01
Site Summary Form 6
Proposal ***
Site KK03
15° 30'
70° 30'
KK03
3.300
Site NGHP 1A
3.600
4.100
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000
K-95-51A-II-Gas-Gail-Stk, 2697.94
2.500
7400.0 7300.0 7200.0 7100.0 7000.0 6900.0 6800.0 6700.0 6600.0 6500.0 6400.0 6300.0 6200.0 6100.0 6000.0 5900.0
0
71° 30'
SSDB locations of this data:
Data presented already for iMonsoon(795Full2)
as Kingdom Suite project
Seismic data figures
K-95-8B.pdf
SEGY data
K-95-8B.sgy
Navigation data
West_coast_Nav