Chapter 2a – Hebrew Vowels ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך

Chapter 2a – Hebrew Vowels
Consonants with Vowels
Deuteronomy 6:5
consonantal text with no vowel pointing
‫ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך‬
ָ ‫וְאָהַבְ ָּת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיך ָ בְּכָל לְבָבְך‬
consonantal text with vowel pointing
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2b – Hebrew Vowels
Vowel Chart 1
Short Vowels
Vowel Name
a-type
e-type
i-type
o-type
u-type
‫א‬
ַּ‫ב‬
‫ֶּב‬
‫ִּב‬
‫ָּב‬
‫ֻּב‬
Pronunciation
Transliteration
Pathach
a as in bat
a
Seghol
e as in better
e
Hireq
i as in bitter
i
Qamets Hatuf
o as in bottle
o
Qibbuts
u as in ruler
u
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2c – Hebrew Vowels
Vowel Chart 2
Changeable Long Vowels
Vowel Name
a-type
e-type
o-type
‫א‬
ָּ‫ב‬
‫ֵּב‬
‫ֹּב‬
Pronunciation
Transliteration
Qamets
a as in father
å
Tsere
e as in they
∑
Holem
o as in role
ø
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2d – Hebrew Vowels
Vowel Chart 3
Unchangeable Long Vowels
a-type
e-type
i-type
o-type
u-type
‫א‬
‫בָּה‬
‫בֵּי‬
‫בֶּי‬
‫בִּי‬
‫בּוֹ‬
‫בּוּ‬
Vowel Name
Pronunciation
Transliteration
Qamets He
a as in father
â
Tsere Yod
e as in they
ê
Seghol Yod
e as in better
ê
Hireq Yod
i as in machine
ª
Holem Waw
o as in role
ô
Shureq
u as in ruler
û
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2e – Hebrew Vowels
Vowel Chart 4
Reduced (Hateph) Vowels
Vowel Name
a-type
e-type
o-type
‫א‬
ֲּ‫ב‬
‫ֱּב‬
‫ֳּב‬
Pronunciation
Transliteration
Hateph Pathach a as in amuse
á
Hateph Seghol a as in amuse
é
Hateph Qamets a as in amuse
ó
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2f – Hebrew Vowels
Summary Vowel Chart
Short
Changeable
Long
Unchangeable
Long
Reduced
‫א‬
a
e
i
o
u
ַּ‫ב‬
ֶּ‫ב‬
ִּ‫ב‬
ָּ‫ב‬
ֻּ‫ב‬
Pathach
Seghol
Hireq
Qamets
Hatuf
Qibbuts
ָּ‫ב‬
ֵּ‫ב‬
ֹּ‫ב‬
Qamets
Tsere
Holem
‫בֵּי בָּה‬/‫בִּי בֶּי‬
‫בּוֹ‬
‫בּוּ‬
Holem
Waw
Shureq
Qamets
He
Tsere Yod/
Seghol Yod
ֲּ‫ב‬
ֱּ‫ב‬
ֳּ‫ב‬
Hateph
Pathach
Hateph
Seghol
Hateph
Qamets
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Hireq
Yod
Chapter 2g – Hebrew Vowels
Shewa
ְּ‫ב‬
This symbol is called Shewa.
It is not listed in the vowel charts because it is not like any
other vowel. It does not belong to any phonetic class.
There are two types of Shewa in Hebrew:
Silent Shewa and Vocal Shewa.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2h – Hebrew Vowels
Daghesh Forte
ּ‫ב‬
The dot in the ‫ ב‬above is called Daghesh Forte.
It looks exactly like the Daghesh Lene but it is used to
double the consonant in which it occurs. For example, the
Hebrew word ‫( הַשָּׁמַיִם‬the heavens) has a Daghesh Forte in
the Shin (‫)שּׁ‬. It is rendered, therefore, as two Shins (‫)שׁשׁ‬,
ha¡¡åmayim. The Daghesh Forte can occur in any
consonant except the gutturals (‫א‬, ‫ה‬, ‫ח‬, ‫ )ע‬and ‫ר‬.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2i – Hebrew Vowels
Guttural Consonants and ‫ר‬
Four Hebrew letters are called gutturals.
They are called gutturals because they are
pronounced in the back of the throat.
‫א‬, ‫ה‬, ‫ח‬, ‫ ע‬and sometimes ‫ר‬
Guttural Preferences
1. Gutturals prefer a-class vowels.
2. Gutturals and ‫ ר‬cannot take Daghesh Forte.
3. Gutturals cannot take Vocal Shewa, but do take
reduced (Hateph) vowels. The consonant ‫ ר‬can take
Vocal Shewa. Reduced vowels are always vocal; they
are never silent.
‫א‬
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
Chapter 2j – Hebrew Vowels
Defective Writing
Full
Writing
‫בּוֹ‬
‫שׁוֹפָר‬
‫בּוּ‬
‫מַדּוּ ַע‬
‫בִּי‬
‫דָּוִיד‬
‫א‬
Defective
Writing
➣
➣
➣
➣
➣
➣
Basics of Biblical Hebrew
© Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt
‫ֹבּ‬
‫שֹׁפָר‬
‫ֻבּ‬
ַ‫מַדֻּע‬
‫ִבּ‬
‫דָּוִד‬
Holem Waw to Holem
ram’s horn
Shureq to Qibbuts
why?
Hireq Yod to Hireq
David