Chapter 2a – Hebrew Vowels ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך
Chapter 2a – Hebrew Vowels Consonants with Vowels Deuteronomy 6:5 consonantal text with no vowel pointing ואהבת את יהוה אלהיך בכל לבבך ָ וְאָהַבְ ָּת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיך ָ בְּכָל לְבָבְך consonantal text with vowel pointing א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2b – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 1 Short Vowels Vowel Name a-type e-type i-type o-type u-type א ַּב ֶּב ִּב ָּב ֻּב Pronunciation Transliteration Pathach a as in bat a Seghol e as in better e Hireq i as in bitter i Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle o Qibbuts u as in ruler u Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2c – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 2 Changeable Long Vowels Vowel Name a-type e-type o-type א ָּב ֵּב ֹּב Pronunciation Transliteration Qamets a as in father å Tsere e as in they ∑ Holem o as in role ø Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2d – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 3 Unchangeable Long Vowels a-type e-type i-type o-type u-type א בָּה בֵּי בֶּי בִּי בּוֹ בּוּ Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration Qamets He a as in father â Tsere Yod e as in they ê Seghol Yod e as in better ê Hireq Yod i as in machine ª Holem Waw o as in role ô Shureq u as in ruler û Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2e – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 4 Reduced (Hateph) Vowels Vowel Name a-type e-type o-type א ֲּב ֱּב ֳּב Pronunciation Transliteration Hateph Pathach a as in amuse á Hateph Seghol a as in amuse é Hateph Qamets a as in amuse ó Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2f – Hebrew Vowels Summary Vowel Chart Short Changeable Long Unchangeable Long Reduced א a e i o u ַּב ֶּב ִּב ָּב ֻּב Pathach Seghol Hireq Qamets Hatuf Qibbuts ָּב ֵּב ֹּב Qamets Tsere Holem בֵּי בָּה/בִּי בֶּי בּוֹ בּוּ Holem Waw Shureq Qamets He Tsere Yod/ Seghol Yod ֲּב ֱּב ֳּב Hateph Pathach Hateph Seghol Hateph Qamets Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Hireq Yod Chapter 2g – Hebrew Vowels Shewa ְּב This symbol is called Shewa. It is not listed in the vowel charts because it is not like any other vowel. It does not belong to any phonetic class. There are two types of Shewa in Hebrew: Silent Shewa and Vocal Shewa. א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2h – Hebrew Vowels Daghesh Forte ּב The dot in the בabove is called Daghesh Forte. It looks exactly like the Daghesh Lene but it is used to double the consonant in which it occurs. For example, the Hebrew word ( הַשָּׁמַיִםthe heavens) has a Daghesh Forte in the Shin ()שּׁ. It is rendered, therefore, as two Shins ()שׁשׁ, ha¡¡åmayim. The Daghesh Forte can occur in any consonant except the gutturals (א, ה, ח, )עand ר. א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2i – Hebrew Vowels Guttural Consonants and ר Four Hebrew letters are called gutturals. They are called gutturals because they are pronounced in the back of the throat. א, ה, ח, עand sometimes ר Guttural Preferences 1. Gutturals prefer a-class vowels. 2. Gutturals and רcannot take Daghesh Forte. 3. Gutturals cannot take Vocal Shewa, but do take reduced (Hateph) vowels. The consonant רcan take Vocal Shewa. Reduced vowels are always vocal; they are never silent. א Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt Chapter 2j – Hebrew Vowels Defective Writing Full Writing בּוֹ שׁוֹפָר בּוּ מַדּוּ ַע בִּי דָּוִיד א Defective Writing ➣ ➣ ➣ ➣ ➣ ➣ Basics of Biblical Hebrew © Gary D. Pratico and Miles V. Van Pelt ֹבּ שֹׁפָר ֻבּ ַמַדֻּע ִבּ דָּוִד Holem Waw to Holem ram’s horn Shureq to Qibbuts why? Hireq Yod to Hireq David
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