SECTION 051200 – STRUCTURAL STEEL
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.
The general provisions of the Contract, including General Conditions,
Supplementary Conditions, Special Conditions (if any) along with the General
Requirements, apply to the work specified in this section.
B.
Examine all Drawings and all other Sections of the Specifications for requirement
therein affecting the work of this trade.
1.2
DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A.
Work includes, but is not limited to the following: Furnish and install all structural
steel work as shown on drawings, beams, anchor bolts, temporary and
permanent bracing, templates, connections, supervision and testing of these
items, etc.
B.
Related Work Specified Elsewhere:
1. The general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and General Requirements, and Division 1, apply to the work
specified in this section,
2. Submittals
Section 013000
3. Concrete Work
Section 033000
4. Painting
Division 09
1.3
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Applicable Codes: Specifications and Standards: Comply with provisions of the
following codes, specifications and standards, except where more stringent
requirements are shown or specified. All codes, specifications and standards
referred to shall be latest editions:
1. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC):
a.
Manual of Steel Construction
b.
Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges.
c.
Engineering for Steel Construction.
2. American Welding Society (AWS): Structural Welding Code, D-1.1.
3. Research Council on Structural Connections of the Engineering Foundation:
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM-A325 or A-490 Bolts.
B.
Qualification of Welders:
1. All welding shall be done by currently qualified welders. Qualification and
duration of qualification shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASW
D1.1.
C.
Quality Control: Refer to AISC, Section M5 and AISC Code of Standard
Practice, Section 8, with additions noted below.
1. Inspection: The Contractor shall employ at his expense a qualified Independent
Testing Laboratory, approved by the Architect and Engineer, to provide
inspection of all connections, and to verify conformance to applicable codes and
standards.
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a.
b.
When test results or inspections indicate apparent failure to meet
specification requirements, orally report such deficiency to Architect,
Structural Engineer, and General Contractor, and follow with a written
report (copies to each). Prepare written reports and issue within two days
after results are obtained.
Identify specific location to which report pertains. Distribute copies to
Architect, Structural Engineer, and General Contractor.
2. Shop Inspections: Periodic and timely inspections of steel fabricator’s facilities
shall include but not be limited to the following:
a.
Qualification of Welders.
b.
Welding Procedures and Testing Specified.
c.
Proper Cleaning of Steel Prior to Galvanization.
d.
Conformance to shop drawings concerning member sizes, connection
assemblies, fabrication procedures.
e.
The number of shop inspections shall be adequate to assure conformance.
These inspections shall be performed by the qualified testing laboratory
personnel (AWS certified) at critical times to verify shop fabrication is in
conformance with contract documents.
3. Field Inspections: Periodic, timely inspections of steel erection at job site shall
be made. They shall include, but not be limited to the following:
a.
Inspection of field connections to verify conformance with design and
applicable codes. This shall be done as required to inspect connections
prior to being covered by any subsequent work. Perform once per week
during erection, minimum.
b.
Establish and recheck a job bolt torque for calibration of impact wrenches
in conformance with referenced standards. This shall be done at least
once per week during general steel erection.
c.
High Strength Bolts: Visually observe nut rotation as indicated by match
marks and “peaning” of nut corners due to impact wrench for all bolts. Spot
check 10 percent of bolts for proper tension by use of a calibrated torque
wrench. Check all high strength anchor bolts using calibrated torque
wrench.
d.
Inspection and marking of field welds, welder qualifications and
procedures.
e.
Fillet Welds: Inspect and check by visual observation and physical
measurements.
f.
Full Penetration Welds: Visual check and ultrasonic inspection of 100%
per AWS Code, Division 6, Part C.
4. Source Quality Control:
5. General: Materials and fabrication procedures are subject to inspection and tests
in mill, shop and field, conducted by a qualified inspection agency. Such
inspections and tests will not relieve contractor of responsibility for providing
materials and fabrication procedures in compliance with specified requirements.
Promptly remove and replace materials or fabricated components that do not
comply.
6. Design of Members and Connections: Details shown are typical. Similar details
apply to similar conditions, unless otherwise indicated. Verify dimensions at site
whenever possible without causing delay in the work. Promptly notify Architect
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whenever design of members and connections for any portion of structure are
not clearly indicated.
D.
1.4
Delivery, Storage and Handling:
1. Deliver materials to site at such intervals to insure uninterrupted progress of
work. Deliver anchor bolts and anchorage devices, which are to be embedded in
cast-in-place concrete or masonry, in ample time not to delay work.
2. Store materials on platforms, skids or other supports above the ground and so
position as to minimize water-holding pockets. Keep free from dirt, grease and
other foreign matter, and protect from corrosion. Provide easy access for
inspection and identification.
3. Exercise care to maintain members in undamaged condition. Handle and
temporarily brace members in such manner as to prevent damage to work or
creation of hazards to workmen or public. During erection, tie or brace the
building frame to resist erection and wind forces.
SUBMITTALS
A.
General: Submit the following in accordance with Section 013300 “Submittals
and Substitutions”.
1. Product Data or manufacturer’s specifications and installation instructions for the
following products. Include laboratory test reports and other data to show
compliance with specifications (including specified standards).
a.
Structural steel (each type), including certified copies of mill reports
covering chemical and physical properties of steel supplied.
b.
High strength bolts (each type), including nuts and washers. Include direct
tension indicators if used.
c.
Structural steel primer paint.
d.
Non-shrink grout.
2. Make fabrication and erection shop drawings complete, including details of each
piece (show match marks on both erection and detail drawings, and fabricated
member) indicating principal lines of connection pieces. Indicate welds by
standard AWS symbols and show size, length and type of each weld. Seat
angles are not to interfere with architectural clearances. Acceptance will be for
size, and for arrangement of principal and auxiliary members. Verify necessary
dimensions at the project site and be responsible for dimensional correctness
and accurately fitting work of this Section. Prepare any deviation from design
drawings under supervision of a professional engineer, registered in State of
Florida, acting as the manufacturer’s Delegated engineer, who shall sign and
seal these calculations and submit them with the relevant shop drawings per the
statutes of the State of Florida. Submit one reproducible and two copies of all
shop drawings.
3. Connection Designs: Refer to Part 3. Shop drawings submitted without required
connection designs will be rejected.
4. Templates: Furnish for setting anchors and anchor bolts together with
instructions.
5. Erection Procedure: Accompany shop drawings with description of detailed
procedure including sequence of erection and temporary staying and bracing.
6. Test reports conducted on shop and field bolted and welded connections.
Include data on type(s) of tests conducted and test results.
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B.
Computer drawing files are available for use in the production of shop drawings if
allowed by the Architect. Requirements include disclaimer and contract provided
by the Engineer and payment for files by the requesting sub-contractor.
C.
Shop Drawings:
1. Review of shop drawings does not constitute authorization to vary from contract
drawings.
2. For initial review, three copies of shop drawings, shall be submitted. Additional
copies will be returned unmarked. Drawings shall be clearly marked “FOR
APPROVAL ONLY – NOT FOR FIELD USE”. One copy will be returned to the
Architect and one copy for the contractor’s use, showing any corrections. If
drawings are not approved but are returned for corrections, the approval copies
shall be resubmitted. After initial review has been made, three printed copies
shall be resubmitted, with all corrections made, for final review, stamped “FOR
FIELD USE”.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
MATERIALS
A.
Structural Steel:
1. Minimum recycled steel content shall be 80%.
2. Production of steel and fabrication of the steel members shall occur within 500
miles of the project site.
3. Hot-rolled Shapes: ASTM A992, Grade 50.
4. Cold Formed Steel Tubing: ASTM A500, Grade B.
5. Steel Pipes: ASTM A53, Type E or S, Grade B.
6. Plates, Angles, Channels: ASTM A36.
B.
Welding Electrodes:
1. AWS D1.1.
2. Shield Metal Arc: AWS A5.1.
3. Submerged Arc: AWS A5.17.
C.
Bolts and Nuts:
1. Length sufficient to extend entirely through but no more than quarter (1/4) inch
beyond nuts. Bolts which transmit shear shall be threaded to such length that no
more than one thread will be within the grip of the metal.
a.
High Strength Bolts: Use unless noted otherwise ASTM A-325X, Bearing
Type with threads excluded from shear plane.
2. Anchor Bolts: Threaded F1554, Grade 55 rod.
3. Machine Bolts: ASTM A-307, Grade A, and ANSI #A-18.2. Hex head unfinished
bolts with hex nuts.
4. Concrete Inserts: Refer to Section 033000.
5. Nuts: ASTM A563, Grade A, and Style as specified in the applicable ASTM bolt
standard.
D.
Washers:
1. Plain: ANSI #B-18.22; ASTM F844.
2. Hardened: ASTM #F-436; ASTM F436 beveled as required.
3. Load Indicator Washers:
a.
ASTM F959.
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b.
2.2
Galvanized: ASTM B695, Class 50, Type 1 – Use where steel is
galvanized.
E.
Paint:
1. Primer: SSPC-PS Guide 7.00, or approved equal.
2. Galvanizing Repair: 85-per cent zinc dust content in organic resin. ASTM A780.
3. Refer to Section 09900 for painting requirements.
F.
Non-Metallic Shrinkage Resistant Grout: Premixed, non-metallic, non-corrosive,
non-staining product containing selected silica sands, Portland cement,
shrinkage compensating agents, plasticizing and water-reducing agents,
complying with CE-CRD-C621.
FABRICATION
A.
Fabricator: Five (5) years experience in fabricating structural steel and having
facilities and personnel adequate to have produced three (3) projects of similar
scope.
B.
Fabrication:
1. Shop Fabrication and Assembly: Fabricate and assemble structural assemblies
in shop to greatest extent possible. Fabricate in accordance with referenced
standards and reviewed shop drawings. Fabricate items of structural steel in
accordance with AISC specifications and as indicated on final shop drawings.
Provide camber in structural members where indicated. Properly mark and
match mark materials for field assembly. Fabricate for delivery sequence that
will expedite erection and minimize field handling of materials. Where finishing is
required, complete assembly, including welding of units, before start of finishing
operations. Provide finish surfaces of members exposed in final structure free of
markings, burrs and other defects.
2. Connections: Shop connections shall be standard connections developing full
strength of members, except as otherwise specifically indicated on drawings. Mill
abutting section in compression. Punch, drill, tap and ream holes as necessary
for attachment of materials of other trades. Weld shop connections; field weld
only where indicated. Drill holes in base or bearing plates. Punch, drill, or cut
(do not burn) holes at right angle to the surface of the metal and one-sixteenth
(1/16) inch larger than the diameter of the bolt. Provide clean-cut holes without
torn or ragged edges. Remove outside burrs resulting from drilling or reaming.
3. Correction of Work: Where items will remain exposed to view in the finished
work, mispunched holes shall be plugged, welded and ground flush; repair
notches or gouges by completing filling with weld metal, using procedures
appropriate to the condition. Obtain Architect’s prior approval of repair procedure
and final approval of repaired section.
4. Fastenings: Furnish specified bolts and nuts for anchoring steel to steel,
concrete, brace rods, connections, and ties. ¾” diameter, minimum, unless
noted otherwise.
5. Holes for Other Work: Provide holes required for securing other work to
structural steel framing and for passage of other work through steel framing
members as shown on final shop drawings. Provide threaded nuts welded to
framing and other specialty items as indicated to receive other work. Cut, drill or
punch holes perpendicular to metal surfaces. Do not flame-cut holes or enlarge
holes by burning. Drill holes in bearing plates.
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2.3
SHOP PAINTING/TREATMENTS
A.
General: Shop paint structural steel, except those members or portions of
members to be embedded in concrete or mortar. Paint embedded steel that is
partially exposed on exposed portions and initial 2 inches of embedded areas
only. Do not paint surfaces to be welded or high strength bolted with friction-type
connections. Apply 2 coats of paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after
assembly or erection. Change color of second coat to distinguish it from first.
B.
Painting: Provide a one coat, shop applied paint system complying with Steel
Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Paint System Guide No. 7.00 and as
specified in this section.
C.
Surface Preparation:
1. Power Tool Clean surfaces to be painted which will not remain exposed by
removing oil, grease, loose mill scale and rust, and foreign matter to the degree
illustrated by SSPC-3; one-half (1/2) mil profile.
2. Commercial Blast Clean, to the degree indicated by SSPC-6, surfaces that will
remain exposed to view. Apply shop paint the same day as steel is cleaned.
D.
Painting: Apply 2.5-mil thick dry film of shop paint, worked well into joints. Finish
surface smooth and uniform without voids or runs. Permit drying before
handling.
E.
Galvanize (all items exposed to weather or which are located outside building
exterior wall lines). Prepare members in accordance with ASTM A-385 and
apply in accordance with ASTM A-386 to deposit 1.25-oz. per square foot of
surface per ASTM A-123. Finished surfaces shall be free of bare spots,
stalactites, and inclusions of flux or ash.
F.
Marking: Mark each piece legibly in a protected location to correspond with
match marks on reviewed shop drawings.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
CONDITION OF PRECEDING WORK:
A.
Erector shall have five (5) years experience in erecting structural steel and have
equipment and personnel who have erected three (3) projects of similar size and
complexity.
B.
Before commencing erection, inspect condition of prior work where connections
will be made thereto. Report to Contractor, in writing, any condition that is
unacceptable. Do not commence erection until unacceptable condition has been
corrected. Commending erection will be held as acceptance of conditions.
3.2
WORKMANSHIP:
A.
Erect in accordance with AISC “Manual”. After assembling the various members
forming a portion of the framework, align, plumb and adjust properly before
fastening, Use drift pins only to bring members together in such manner as to
prevent distortion or damage of the metal. Align holes using drift pins (so bolts
will not bind but may be turned readily with a wrench). Provide adequate
temporary bracing necessary to hold frame plumb. Bracing is to remain in place
until roof diaphragm is completed and anchored to walls.
BASE AND BEARING PLATES:
A.
Support on steel shims and double nuts and washers as required; align using
wedges and tighten nuts.
3.3
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B.
C.
Grouting: Specified in Section 03 300.
Trimming: Cut wedges and shims off flush with edges of plates and leave in
place.
3.4
CUTTING:
A.
Use of a cutting torch for correction of fabrication errors will not be permitted on
any essential member of the structural frame; its use will be allowed on minor
members, while not under stress, only after such use is specifically authorized in
each case by the Engineer. Do not burn field holes; drill and ream.
3.5
CONNECTIONS:
A.
Bolting:
1. Refer to Research Council on Structural Connections “Specification for Structural
Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts”. Hereafter referred to as “H.S. Bolt
Spec.”.
2. Use high tensile strength bolts and nuts for field connections of primary members
(columns, beams, trusses, etc.) and machine bolts and nuts for secondary
members and miscellaneous steel. Do not reuse bolts.
3. Where structural joints are made using high strength bolts, hardened washers
and nuts, the materials, methods of installation, tension control, type of wrenches
to be used and inspection methods shall conform to referenced Specification.
High strength connections shall have hardened washers at each assembly of
size as specified by ASTM for size of bolt used. Place washer under element
(nut or head) which will be turned by the power wrench and under bolt elements
in a slotted connection. Insert bolts into holes so heads will be toward decking
and/or finish, except in places where clearance is generous (so projection of nuts
and overrun of bolts present no problem).
B.
C.
Handling and Storage of Fasteners: Refer to H.S. Bolt Spec. Subsection 8(a).
Bearing Type Connections shall comply with H.S. Bolt Spec. Subsection 8(a) of
the referenced specification. These shall be visually inspected by the
Independent Testing Laboratory.
D.
Welded: Provide AWS D1.1 qualified welders, welding operators, and tackers.
Field weld only where indicated. Welding procedure shall be such as to minimize
distortion and stress concentration and to produce connection of required
strength.
1. Surfaces within two inches of any field welded location shall be wire brushed
before welding to reduce the shop paint film to a minimum.
E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Connection Design:
Bolted and welded connections shall be designed in accordance with referenced
standards and specifications.
Unless noted otherwise, connections shall be designed for a minimum of one-half
the total uniform load capacity shown on the tables of Uniform Load Constants,
Part 2 of the AISC Manual, for the given beam, span, and grade of steel
specified.
Connection designs must conform to AISC publication “Engineering for
Steel Construction”.
Connection designs not specifically detailed on the drawings shall be designed
by a Florida Registered Structural Engineer who shall be the manufacturer’s
Delegated Engineer. Signed and sealed calculations and drawings are required
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and shall be submitted for Architect’s records. Structural steel shop drawings will
be rejected unless the required calculations are included. Manufacturer’s
Delegated Engineer shall comply with Statutes of the State of Florida.
3.6
FIELD PAINTING:
A.
After assembly and testing, clean unprimed areas at connections, markings,
welds and bolts free of rust and loose mill scale. Then touch-up these areas,
bolts and burned, scratched or abraded shop coat with specified shop paint.
Touch-up galvanized surfaces applying zinc-rich organic coating 2.5 mils thick.
Refer to Division 09 for painting of exposed steel.
END OF SECTION 051200
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SECTION 055000 – METAL FABRICATIONS
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.1
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2
SUMMARY
A. This Section includes the following:
1. Miscellaneous steel framing, supports and trim not shown on structural drawings.
1.3
SUBMITTALS
A. Shop Drawings: Detail fabrication and erection of each metal fabrication indicated.
Include plans, elevations, sections, and details of metal fabrications and their
connections. Show anchorage and accessory items.
1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Fabricator Qualifications: A firm experienced in producing metal fabrications similar
to those indicated for this Project and with a record of successful in-service
performance, as well as sufficient production capacity to produce required units.
B. Welding: Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS D1.1, “Structural
Welding Code – Steel.”
1.5
PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Field Measurements: Verify dimensions by field measurements where possible
before fabrication and indicate measurements on Shop Drawings. Where field
measurements cannot be made, establish dimensions and proceed with fabrication.
Allow for trimming and fitting.
B. Coordinate installation of anchorages for metal fabrications. Furnish setting
drawings, templates, and directions for installing anchorages, including sleeves,
concrete inserts, anchor bolts, and items with integral anchors, that are to be
embedded in concrete or masonry. Deliver such items to Project site in time for
installation.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1
METALS
A. Metal Surfaces, General: For metal fabrications exposed to view in the completed
Work, provide materials with smooth, flat surfaces without blemishes. Do not use
materials with exposed pitting, seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade names, or
roughness.
B. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A36.
C. Steel Tubing: Cold-formed steel tubing complying with ASTM A500.
D. Steel Pipe: ASTM A53, standard weight (Schedule 40), unless another weight is
indicated or required by structural loads.
E. Malleable-Iron Castings: ASTM A47, Grade 32510.
F. Cast-in-Place Anchors in Concrete: Threaded or wedge type; galvanized ferrous
castings, either ASTM A47 malleable iron or ASTM A27 cast steel. Provide bolts,
washers, and shims as needed, hot-dip galvanized per ASTM A153.
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G. Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes: Select according to AWS specifications for
metal alloy welded.
H. Aluminum Extrusions: ASTM B221, alloy 6063-T6.
2.2
PAINT
A. Shop Primer for Ferrous Metal: Fast-curing, lead- and chromate-free, universal
modified-alkyd primer complying with performance requirements in FS TT-P-664.
B. Galvanizing Repair Paint: High-zinc-dust-content paint for re-galvanizing welds in
steel, complying with SSPC-Paint 20.
C. Bituminous Paint: Cold-applied asphalt mastic complying with SSPC-Paint 12,
except containing no asbestos fibers, or cold-applied asphalt emulsion complying
with ASTM D1187.
2.3
FASTENERS
A. General: Provide Type 304 or 316 stainless-steel fasteners for exterior use and
zinc-plated fasteners with coating complying with ASTM B633, Class Fe/Zn 5, where
built into exterior walls. Select fasteners for type, grade, and class required.
B. Bolts and Nuts: Regular hexagon-head bolts, ASTM A307, Grade A with hex nuts,
ASTM A563.
C. Anchor Bolts: ASTM F1554, Grade 36.
D. Plain Washers: Round, carbon steel, ASME B18.22.1.
E. Lock Washers: Helical, spring type, carbon steel, ASME B18.21.1.
F. Expansion Anchors: Stainless-steel bolts complying with ASTM F593 and nuts
complying with ASTM F594 with capability to sustain a load equal to six times the
load imposed when installed in unit masonry and equal to four times the load
imposed when installed in concrete.
2.4
FABRICATION, GENERAL
A. Shop Assembly: Preassemble items in shop to greatest extent possible to minimize
field splicing and assembly. Disassemble units only as necessary for shipping and
handling limitations.
B. Ease exposed edges to a radius of approximately 1/32 inch.
C. Weld corners and seams continuously. At exposed connections, grind exposed
welds and surfaces smooth.
D. Provide for anchorage of type required for supporting substrate. Fabricate and
space anchors to support intended loads.
E. Cut, reinforce, drill, and tap metal fabrications as indicated to receive finish
hardware, screws, and similar items.
2.5
MISCELLANEOUS FRAMING, SUPPORTS AND TRIM
A. General: Provide steel framing, supports and trim that are not a part of structural-steel
framework as necessary to complete the Work.
B. Fabricate units from structural-steel shapes, plates, and bars of welded construction.
Cut, drill, and tap units to receive hardware, hangers, and similar items.
C. Where units are indicated to be cast into concrete or built into masonry, equip with
integrally welded steel strap anchors 1-1/4 inches wide by 1/4 inch thick by 8 inches
long at 24 inches o.c., unless otherwise indicated. Furnish inserts if units must be
installed after concrete is placed.
D. Galvanize miscellaneous framing, supports, and trim in exterior walls or roofs where
cast in concrete.
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2.6
FINISHES, GENERAL
A. Galvanizing: Hot-dip galvanize items as indicated to comply with applicable standard
listed below:
1. ASTM A123, for galvanizing steel and iron products.
2. ASTM A153, for galvanizing steel and iron hardware.
B. Preparation for Shop Priming:
1. Exteriors: SSPC-SP, “Commercial Blast Cleaning.”
2. Interiors: SSPC-SP 3, “Power Tool Cleaning.”
C. Apply shop primer to uncoated surfaces of metal fabrications, except those with
galvanized finishes and those to be embedded in concrete, sprayed-on fireproofing,
or masonry, unless otherwise indicated. Comply with SSPC-PA 1, “Paint Application
Specification No. 1,” for shop painting.
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1
INSTALLATION
A. Fastening to In-Place Construction: Provide anchorage devices and fasteners where
necessary for securing metal fabrications to in-place construction. Include threaded
fasteners for concrete and masonry inserts, toggle bolts, through-bolts, and other
connectors.
B. Cutting, Fitting, and Placement: Perform cutting, drilling, and fitting required for
installing metal fabrications. Set metal fabrications accurately in location, alignment,
and elevation; with edges and surfaces level, plumb, true, and free of rack.
C. Corrosion Protection: Coat concealed surfaces of aluminum that will come into
contact with grout, concrete, masonry, wood, or dissimilar metals with a heavy coat
of bituminous paint.
3.2
ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Touchup Painting: Immediately after erection, clean field welds, bolted connections,
and abraded areas of shop paint, and paint exposed areas with the same material as
used for shop painting to comply with SSPC PA 1 for touching up shop-painted
surfaces.
B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas and
repair galvanizing to comply with ASTM A780.
END OF SECTION 055000
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