.2007 .91 96 ,6 , , , .(Howard & Nickels, 2005 & ') !" ,(Shallice & Butterworth, 1977) ," ", : !" .(Monsell, 1987) * !" –" ", ! & Caramazza et al.,) , , ! , ." , , " ! .(1987; Wing & Baddeley, 1980) " : , . , , (Badecker, Hillis, & Caramazza, 1990 ;2006 , , !" .& !" , & , , . !, . ! & , ! , ! ,( " , . & , ) , ! – .( ! .5 . ) . " , & , . & , , ' ,16 ! ) .. !. ! ! & .( : 581 !" ) & ,(2003 , ! ! .(" , " ") ) 92 ! , ! . (" / " , , " ) ) ! .( " ! , . ,("* ! &! ! * .(" Word span ;Digit span test :(2002 , ; Word span ; 2– 4–& Matching ,* * ! ") ) & Word span ; 2– .Matching basic word lists .(Kay, Lesser & Coltheart, 1992) PALPA , ") ,(PALPA 13) & .1 . , , : " .1 " (9%) 52 (13.8%) 80 !" (4%) 23 (0.9%) 5 ! (1.4%) 8 (1.2%) 7 (0.9%) 5 ! (4.8%) 28 (3.4%) 20 (1.2%) 7 (0.2%) 1 (0.7%) 4 (22.7%) 132 , " !" 93 .(r = 0.12, t = -2.94, p = .003) ! , " , " ! , " .(r = 0) .(r = 0.05, t = -1.20, p = .23) , " ! .(r = -0.07, t = 1.70, p = .09) 1 ! . , " .( 2 , , " = 15.5, p = .001) 2 2 " & z = -2.55,) & : ,( p = .005 .(z = 2.51, p = .006) ! .2 +4 3 (31.03%) 9/29 2 1 (19.6%) 18/92 (15.5%) 36/233 (7.5%) 17/227 & ! 21 , " ! .( r = 0.34, t = 3.13, p = ) ! !& " " 77 & ) , , ! .(0.003 , " 3 ! .(r = -0.23, t = -2.05, p = 0.04) . ! . ! . ! ! " (35.6%) " (21.7%) " ! ! 10/46 , 7/32 , .( ! 3 .( 4) ) 20 30 (1998) Howell Crawford t = -2.16, ;5 .( 16/45 , 2 ) " & . = 5.23, p = .16) ! t , !" " . (& & " .(r = 0.08, t = 0.69, p = .49) 1 ) , !& !2 3 94 .(t = -2.99, p = .01 ;5 matching , (p = .02 matching ) , ! , . , ,( & ) " , , .4 " ! , .. !! – " & . , . !" " !" . &! ! .. , , * .(2006 , * , , " ) ! !" " , ! , ! & . " & . & 5 , !" !, ,&! . ! : , . & " ;( , , !! ) ! , " & " , . & , ! " & .. &! ! , & , " . & ! ! . . , , " – ! . " – ! . , !. – ,* , .. ! ! . ! !, ! 4 5 ! . 95 ! ! , & ! . & & , ! !, ! ! Butterworth, 1983; Lukatela, Gligorijevi9, Kosti9, &) ! & & ! , .(Turvey, 1980 ," ! (Taft, 1981; Ullman et al., 2005) , ! ,(2005) . " " " ! !, " ! & &! . . " !" . . , . . . : " * , ! & ! .(2006) . , ,. , ,. , .46 50 ,5 , , – .(2002) . , ,. , . – .(2003) . , ,. , .(2005) . , " . Badecker, W., Hillis, A., & Caramazza, A. (1990). Lexical morphology and its role in the writing process: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia. Cognition, 35, 205-243. Butterworth, B. L. (1983). Lexical representation. In B. L. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production, (Vol. II , pp. 257-294). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Caramazza, A., Miceli, G., Villa, G., & Romani, C. (1987). The role of the graphemic buffer in spelling: Evidence from a case of acquired dysgraphia. Cognition, 26, 59-85. Crawford, J. R., & Howell, D. C. (1998). Comparing an individual's test score against norms derived from small samples. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 482-486. Howard, D., & Nickels, L. (2005). Separating input and output phonology: Semantic, phonological, and orthographic effects in short-term memory impairment. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 47-77. Kay, J., Lesser, R., & Coltheart, M. (1992). PALPA: Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum. Lukatela, G., Gligorijevi9, B., Kosti9, A., & Turvey, M. (1980). Representation of inflected nouns in the internal lexicon. Memory and Cognition, 8, 415-423. Monsell, S. (1987). On the relation between lexical input and output pathways of speech. In A. Allport, D. MacKay, W. Prinz, & E. Scheerer (Eds.), Language perception and production: Relationships between listening, speaking, reading and writing (pp. 273311). London: Academic Press. Shallice, T., & Butterworth, B. (1977). Short-term memory impairment and spontaneous speech. Neuropsychologia, 15, 729-735. Taft, M. (1981). Prefix stripping revisited. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 289-297. 96 Ullman, M. T., Pancheva, R., Love, T., Yee, E., Swinney, D., & Hickok, G. (2005). Neural correlates of lexicon and grammar: Evidence from the production, reading, and judgment of inflection in aphasia. Brain and Language, 93, 185-238. Wing, A. M., & Baddeley, A. D. (1980). Spelling errors in handwriting: A corpus and a distributional analysis. In U. Frith (Ed.), Cognitive processes in spelling (pp. 251-285). London: Academic Press.
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