List of Plant Species Present on Forest Permanent Sample Plots in
List of Plant Species Present on Forest Permanent Sample Plots in Interior and Southcentral Alaska Thomas Malone,1 CF, Edmond C. Packee Sr.,2 PhD, CF, and Jingjing Liang,3 PhD, CF Permanent Sample Plot 24B, a white spruce and aspen stand on the Nenana Ridge. The plot was established in 1995, this photo taken in 2005. Four pictures are taken from the northwest corner of each PSP during each site establishment and subsequent remeasurements (every five years). The first picture is taken with the camera pointed toward the northeast corner. The second picture is taken with the camera pointed at PSP center. The third picture is taken with the camera pointed at the southwest corner. The fourth picture is taken pointing up toward the sky to show crown cover. —Photo by Thomas Malone. 2 Introduction Literature Cited n 1994 the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station began a project to establish permanent sample plots (PSP) throughout the forests of northern and southcentral Alaska. Objectives of the project are to establish and maintain a system of PSPs to monitor forest growth, yield, forest health, and ecological conditions/change (Malone et al., 2009). To date, 603 PSPs have been established on 201 sites throughout interior and southcentral Alaska. The PSPs are square and 0.1 acre in size and in clusters of three. PSPs are remeasured at a five-year interval. The number of plot remeasurements after establishment ranges from one to three times. A large amount of data is collected at each site at time of establishment and at subsequent remeasurements. Four databases contain all the data: tree measurement and characteristics, site description, regeneration, and vegetation data. Vegetation data collected on the 0.1 acre PSPs includes species (trees shrub, herb, grass, and non-vascular plants) and cover, an estimate of the amount of the plot covered by the crown of each species (cover class) (Daubenmire, 1959). The vegetation database can be used by land managers and researchers to study species diversity and forest succession in addition to long-term monitoring of forest health. The species listed in Appendix 1 and in the vegetation database are presented by categories: tree, shrub, herb, grass, rush, sedge, fern, club moss, lichen, moss, and liverwort. The PSP databases are available by contacting Tom Malone at [email protected]. I Collet, D.M. 2004. Willows of Interior Alaska. USDI, Fish and Wildlife Serv. Acknowledgements Viereck, L.A. and E.L. Little, Jr. 1972. Alaska Trees and Shrubs. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handbook No. 410. T his project is supported by the University of Alaska, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, and a federal McIntire-Stennis Fund Grant. In addition to the plant identification books listed in this publication, we would like to thank Dr. Patricia Holloway and Ms. Carolyn Parker of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and Dr. Teresa Hollingsworth of the US Forest Service for assisting in plant identification. We also acknowledge the students and technicians who helped with data collection since 1994. Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of vegetation analysis. Northwest Sci. 33: 43–66, Seattle, Washington. Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular Plants. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Johnson, D., L. Kershaw, A. MacKinnon, and J. Pojar. 1995. Plants of the Western Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta: Canada. MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar, and R. Coupe. 1999. Plants of Northern British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. Malone, T., J. Liang, and E.C. Packee. 2009. Cooperative Alaska Forest Inventory. USDA For. Serv. PNW-GTR-785. Pojar, J. and A. MacKinnon. 1994. Plants of Coastal British Columbia. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. Pratt, V.E. 1991. Wildflowers Along the Alaska Highway. Alaskakrafts, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska. USDA, NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database (http://plants. usda.gov). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. Vitt, D.H., J.E. Marsh, and R.B. Bovey. 1988. Mosses, Lichens and Ferns of Northwest North America. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. PSP 264B is a birch and white spruce stand near Trapper Creek. PSP established in 2000; photo in 2010. —Photo by Thomas Malone. 1. Research Forester, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska; corresponding author. 2. Professor of Forest Management, Emeritus, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska. 3. Assistant Professor of Forest Ecology, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 3 Appendix 1. List of Plant Species Present in PSPs in Interior and Southcentral Alaska. Vegetation Class Species Code Scientific Name BETKEN BETNEO LARLAR PICGLA PICLUT PICMAR Betula kenaica Betula neoalaskana Larix laricina Picea glauca Picea X lutzii Picea mariana Common Name Trees POPBAL POPTRE TSUMER Kenai birch Alaska birch tamarack white spruce Lutz spruce black spruce balsam poplar, includes black Populus balsamifera, includes ssp trichocarpa cottonwood Populus tremuloides aspen Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock Understory Regen BETKEN-R BETNEO-R PICGLA-R LARLAR-R PICLUT-R PICMAR-R Betula kenaica Betula neoalaskana Larix laricina Picea glauca Picea X lutzii Picea mariana POPTRE-R TSUMER-R Kenai birch Alaska birch tamarack white spruce Lutz spruce black spruce balsam poplar, includes black Populus balsamifera, includes ssp trichocarpa cottonwood Populus tremuloides aspen Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock ALNTEN ALNVIR AMEALN ANDPOL ARCRUB ARCUVA BETGLA BETNAN CASTET CHACAL COMPAL DASFRU DRYINT DRYOCT EMPNIG Alnus incana subspp. tenuifolia Alnus viridis (crispa) Amelanchier alnifolia Andromeda polifolia Arctostaphylos rubra Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Betula glandulosa Betula nana Cassiope tetragona Chamaedaphne calyculata Comarum palustre (Potentilla palustris) Dasiphora fruiticosa (Potentilla fruticosa) Dryas integrifolia Dryas octopetala Empetrum nigrum POPBAL-R Shrubs mountain alder green alder serviceberry bog-rosemary red-fruit bearberry bearberry resin birch dwarf birch four-angled mountain heather leatherleaf marsh cinquefoil shrubby cinquefoil entireleaf mountain avens white mountain avens crowberry www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 4 JUNCOM JUNHOR LEDGRO LEDPAL LINBOR MENFER OPLHOR RHOLAP RIBGLA RIBHUD RIBLAC RIBTRI ROSACI ROSNUT RUBARC RUBCHA RUBIDA RUBPED SALARC SALBEB SAMMYR SALPUL SALRET SALspp SAMRAC SHECAN SORSCO SPIBEA VACCAE VACOVA VACOXY VACULI VACVIT VIBEDU Juniperus communis Juniperus horizontalis Ledum groenlandicum Ledum palustre Linnaea borealis Menziesia ferruginea Oplopanax horridus Rhododendron lapponicum Ribes glandulosum Ribes hudsonianum Ribes lacustre Ribes triste Rosa acicularis Rosa nutkana Rubus arcticus Rubus chamaemorus Rubus idaeus Rubus pedatus Salix arctica Salix bebbiana Salix myrtillifolia Salix pulchra Salix reticulata Salix species Sambucus racemosa Shepherdia canadensis Sorbus scopulina Spiraea beauverdiana Vaccinium caespitosum Vaccinium ovalifolium Vaccinium oxycoccos Vaccinium uliginosum Vaccinium vitis-idaea Viburnum edule red elderberry soapberry western mountain-ash Beauverd’s spirea dwarf blueberry oval-leaf blueberry bog cranberry bog blueberry lingonberry highbush cranberry ACHMIL ACODEL ACTRUB ALLSCH ANECAN ANEMUL ANEPAR ANERIC ANGLUC Achillea millefolium (borealis) Aconitum delphinifolium Actaea rubra Allium schoenoprasum Anemone canadensis Anemone multifida Anemone parviflora Anenome richardsonii Angelica lucida yarrow monkshood baneberry wild chive Canada anemone cut-leaf anemone northern anemone yellow anemone kneeling angelica common juniper creeping juniper Labrador tea marsh Labrador tea twin flower rusty menziesia devils club Lapland rosebay skunk currant northern black currant black swamp gooseberry red swamp currant prickly rose Nookta rose nagoonberry cloudberry red raspberry five-leaved bramble arctic willow Bebb willow blueberry willow diamond-leaf willow netleaf willow Herbs List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 5 ANTPUL ARAHOL ARCALP ARNLES ARTTIL ASTALP ASTAME ASTUMB BOSROS BOYRIC BUPAME CALBUL CAMLAS CAMROT CASTET CASCAU CASUNA CHAANG CIRALP CNICNI CORTRI CORCAN CORAUR CORPAU CYPPAS DELBRA DELGLA DODFRI DROROT EQUARV EQUPRA EQUSCI EQUSYL EURSIB FRAVIR GALBOR GALTRI GENPRO GEOLIV GERERI GOOREP HEDALP HERMAX Antennaria pulcherrima Arabis holboellii Arnica alpina Arnica lessingii Artemisia tilesii Aster alpinus Astragalus americanus Astragalus umbellatus Boschniakia rossica Boykinia richardsonii Bupleurum americanum (triradiatum) Calypso bulbosa Campanula lasiocarpa Campanula rotundifolia Cassiope tetragona Castilleja caudata Castilleja unalaschcensis Chamerion angustifolium (Epilobium angustifolium) Circaea alpina Cnidium cnidiifolium Corallorrhiza trifida Cornus canadensis Corydalis aurea Corydalis pauciflora Cypripedium passerinum Delphinium brachycentrum Delphinium glaucum Dodecatheon frigidum Drosera rotundifolia Equisetum arvense Equisetum pratense Equisetum scirpoides Equisetum sylvaticum Eurybia sibirica (Aster sibiricus) Fragaria virginiana Galium boreale Galium triflorum Gentiana propinqua Geocaulon lividum Geranium erianthum Goodyera repens Hedysarum alpinum Heracleum maximum (lanatum) showy pussytoe Holboell’s rockcress alpine arnica nodding arnica mountain sagewort alpine aster American milkvetch tundra milkvetch broom rape Richardson’s brookfoam throw wax fairy slipper mountain harebell common harebell Lapland cassiope pale indian paintbrush unalaska paintbrush fireweed enchanter’s nightshade Jakutsk snow parsley yellow coralroot bunchberry golden corydalis fewflower fumewort Franklin’s lady’s slipper northern larkspur larkspur northern shooting star round-leaved sundew common horsetail meadow horsetail dwarf scouring rush wood horsetail arctic aster wild strawberry northern bedstraw small bedstraw four-part dwarf gentian bastard toad flax northern geranium rattlesnake plantain alpine sweet-vetch common cow parsnip www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 6 HIETRI IRISET LATPAL LISCOR LUPARC MAISTE MERPAN MIMGUT MOELAT MONUNI ORTSEC OSMDEP OXYCAM PARPAL PEDCAP PEDLAB PEDLAN PEDVER PETFRI PETHYP PETSAG PLAHYP PLAOBT POLACU POLBOR POLPUL POLALA POLVIV PRIINC PRITSC PULPAT PYRASA PYRCHL PYRGRA PYRMIN RANFLA RANGME RANLAP RANNIV RHOROS RORISL RUMARC SANCAN SANOFF Hieracium triste Iris setosa Lathyrus palustris (introduced species) Listera cordata Lupinus arcticus Maianthemum stellatum (Smilacina stellata) Mertensia paniculata Mimulus guttatus Moehringia lateriflora Moneses uniflora Orthilia secunda Osmorhiza depauperata Oxytropis campestris Parnassia palustris Pedicularis capitata Pedicularis labradorica Pedicularis langsdorffii Pedicularis verticillata Petasites frigidus Petasites hyperboreus Petasites fridigus var. sagittatus Platanthera hyperborea Platanthera obtusata Polemonium acutiflorum Polemonium boreale Polemonium pulcherrimum Polygonum alaskanum Polygonum viviparum Primula incana Primula tschuktschorum Pulsatilla patens Pyrola asarifolia Pyrola chlorantha Pyrola grandiflora Pyrola minor Ranunculus flammula (reptans) Ranunculus gmelini Ranunculus lapponicus Ranunculus nivalis Rhodiola rosea (Sedum rosea) Rorippa islandica Rumex arcticus Sanguisorba canadensis (stipulata) Sanguisorba officinalis woolly hawkweed wild flag marsh peavine heartleaf twayblade arctic lupine starry false lily of the valley bluebells yellow monkey-flower sandwort single delight one-sided wintergreen blunt-fruited sweet-cicely locoweed grass-of-parnassus capitate lousewort Labrador lousewort Langsdorf’s lousewort whorled lousewort goosefoot arctic sweet coltsfoot arrow-leaved coltsfoot bog orchid one-leaved rein-orchid tall Jacob’s ladder northern Jacob’s ladder showy Jacob’s ladder Alaska wild rhubarb alpine bistort silvery primrose Chukchi primrose pasque flower pink wintergreen green wintergreen grandflowered wintergreen lesser wintergreen creeping buttercup small yellow water buttercut Lapland buttercup snow buttercup roseroot stonecrop marsh yellow cress arctic dock Canadian burnet great burnet List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 7 SAUANG SENLUG SENTRI SENVUL SOLMUL SOLSIM SPIROM STECRA STELOF STELOP STEMED STRAMP SYMBOR TAROFF THAALP THASPA TRIEUR VALCAP VERVIR VIOEPI VILPAL ZIGELE Saussurea angustifolia Senecio lugens Senecio triangularis Senecio vulgaris Solidago multiradiata Solidago simplex (decumbens) Spiranthes romanzoffiana Stellaria crassifolia Stellaria longifolia Stellaria longipes (laeta) Stellaria media Streptopus amplexifolius Symphyotrichum boreale (Aster junciformis) Taraxacum officinale Thalictrum alpinum Thalictrum sparsiflorum Trientalis europaea Valeriana capitata Veratrum viride Viola epipsila Viola palustris Zigadenus elegans narrowleaf saw-wort small black-tipped groundsel arrow-leaved groundsel common groundsel northern goldenrod dwarf goldenrod lady’s tresses fleshy starwort longleaf starwort longstalk starwort chickweed twistedstalk marsh aster common dandelion alpine meadowrue few-flower meadowrue European starflower capitate valerian false hellebore dwarf marsh violet marsh violet mountain deathcamas CALCAN EYLspp FESALT POAARC POAGLA POAPAL POASEC POAspp grass Calamagrostis canadensis Elymus species Festuca altaica Poa arctica Poa glauca Poa palustris Poa secunda (juncifolia) Poa species grass species bluejoint wildrye altai fescue arctic bluegrass glaucous bluegrass fowl bluegrass Sandberg bluegrass bluegrass JUNspp Juncus species CARGLA CARspp ERIANG ERIBRA ERIspp sedge Carex glacialis Carex species Eriophorum angustifolium Eriophorum brachyantherum Eriophorum species sedge species narrow-leaved cotton grass close-sheathed cotton grass ATHFIL DRYEXP Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris expansa lady fern spreading wood fern Grass Rush Sedge glacial sedge Fern www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 8 GYMDRY WOOGLA Gymnocarpium dryopteris Woodsia glabella oak fern smooth woodsia LYCALP LYCANN LYCCLA LYCCOM LYCOBS Lycopodium alpinum Lycopodium annotinum Lycopodium clavatum Lycopodium complanatum Lycopodium obscurum alpine clubmoss stiff clubmoss running clubmoss ground cedar ground pine BRYFUS CETISL CETDEL CLAMIT CLARAN CLASTE CLABEL CLABOT CLACAR CLACEN CLACHL CLACOC CLACON CLACOR CLACRI CLADEF CLAECM CLAGRA CLAMAC CLAMUL CLASQU CLAUNC CLAspp DACARC EVEMES FLACUC FLANIV HYPPHY LEPSAT LOBLIN LOBPUL MASRIC NEPARC NEPEXP NEPspp Bryoria fuscescens Cetraria islandica Cetrariella deliseii Cladina mitis Cladina rangiferina Cladina stellaris Cladonia bellidiflora Cladonia botrytes Cladonia cariosa Cladonia cenotea Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia coccifera Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia cornuta Cladonia crispata Cladonia deformis Cladonia ecmocyna Cladonia gracilis Cladonia macilenta (bacillaris) Cladonia multiformis Cladonia squamosa Cladonia uncialis Cladonia species Dactylina arctica Evernia mesomorpha Favocetraria cucillata (Cetraria cucullata) Flavocetraria nivalis (Cetraria nivalis) Hypogymnia physodes Leptogium saturninum Lobaria linita Lobaria pulmonaria Masonhalea richardsonii Nephroma arcticum Nephroma expallidum Nephroma species speckled horsehair Iceland lichen snow-bed Iceland lichen yellow reindeer lichen green reindeer lichen star reindeer lichen toy soldier lichen wooden soldier lichen split-peg lichen powdered funnel cladonia mealy pixie cup pixie cup lichen common powder lichen bighorn cladonia organ-pipe lichen lesser sulphur cup lichen frosted cladonia smooth cladonia lipstick powderhorn lichen sieve lichen dragon cladonia thorn cladonia Cladonia species Arctic finger lichen boreal oakmoss lichen Club moss Lichen snow lichen hooded tube lichen saturn skin lichen cabbage lungwort lungwort arctic tumbleweed lichen arctic kidney lichen alpins kidney lichen List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01 9 PANPEZ PARSUL PARAMB PELAPH PELCAN PELMAL PELNEO PELPOL PELVEN PLAGLA STEALP STEspp USNSUB VULPIN VULTIL lichen Pannaria pezizoides Parmelia sulcata Parmeliopsis ambigua Peltigera aphthosa Peltigera canina Peltigera malacea Peltigera neopolydactyla Peltigera polydactyla Peltigera venosa Platismatia glauca Stereocaulon alpinum Stereocaulon species Usnea subfloridana Vulpicida pinastri (Cetraria pinastri) Vulpicida tilesii (Cetraria tilesii) lichen species ABIABI AULPAL AULTUR BRASAL CAMSTE CIRCIR CLIDEN DICspp HEDCIL HYLSPL HYPSUB PHIFON PLAMED PLESCH POLCOM POLJUN POLPIL PTICRI RHIGLA RHYRUG Abietinella abietina (Thuidium abietinum) Aulacomnium palustre Aulacomnium turgidum Brachythecium salebrosum Campylium stellatum Cirriphyllum cirrosum Climacium dendroides Dicranum species Hedwigia ciliata Hylocomium splendens Hypnum subimponens Philonotis fontana Plagiomnium medium Pleuozium schreberi Polytrichum commune Polytrichum juniperinum Polytrichum piliferum Ptilium crista-castrensis Rhizomnium glabrescens Rhytidium rugosum Sanionia uncinata (Drepanocladus uncinatus) Sphagnum species Splachnum luteum Timmia austriaca Tomenthypnum nitens moss species matted lichen hammered shield lichen green starburst freckled pelt lichen dog lichen veinless pelt lichen carpet pelt lichen many-fruited pelt lichen fan lichen varied rag lichen alpine snow lichen beard lichen limestone sunshire lichen Moss SANUNC SPHspp SPLLUT TIMAUS TOMNIT moss wiry fern moss aulacommium moss turgid aulacomnium moss golden ragged moss golden star moss cirriphyllum moss tree climacium moss ciliate hedwigia moss step moss hypnum moss spring moss common leafy moss red-stemmed feather moss common haircap moss juniper haircap moss awned haircap moss knight’s plume moss large leafy moss crumpled-leaf moss sickle moss yellow moosedung moss false polytrichum moss golden fuzzy fen moss www.uaf.edu/snras/publications/ • snras.blogspot.com • 907.474.5042 10 Liverwort LEPREP LOPVEN MARPOL Lepidozia reptans Lophozia ventricosa Marchantia polymorpha little-hands liverwort tri-tip leafy liverwort green tongue liverwort Agricultural and Forestry About the Experiment Station Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station University of Alaska Fairbanks AFES Publications Office P.O. Box 757200 Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200 [email protected] • www.uaf.edu/snras 907.474.6923 or 907.474.5042 fax: 907.474.6184 NOTE: Miscellaneous publications are published by the Alaska Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station to provide information summarizing research, and are usually written for a specific lay audience. They often present information that would otherwise only be available as journal articles or specialized flyers available only to a limited professional audience. They may consist of secondary information or be a bulletin or journal article summary. To simplify terminology, we may use product or equipment trade names. We are not endorsing products or firms mentioned. Publication material may be reprinted provided no endorsement of a commercial product is stated or implied. Please credit the researchers involved, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The University of Alaska Fairbanks is accredited by the Commission on Colleges and Universities of the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges. UAF is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and educational institution. T he federal Hatch Act of 1887 authorized establishment of agricultural experiment stations in the U.S. and its territories to provide science-based research information to farmers. There are agricultural experiment stations in each of the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Guam. All but one are part of the land-grant college system. The Morrill Act established the landgrant colleges in 1862. While the experiment stations perform agricultural research, the land-grant colleges provide education in the science and economics of agriculture. The Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station was not originally part of the Alaska land-grant college system. In 1898, the station was established in Sitka, also the site of Alaska’s first experiment farm. Subsequent branches were opened at Kodiak, Kenai, Rampart, Copper Center, Fairbanks, and Matanuska. The latter two remain as the Fairbanks Experiment Farm and the Matanuska Experiment Farm. The USDA established the Fairbanks experiment station in 1906 on a site that in 1915 provided land for a college. The land transfer and money to establish the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1915. Two years later the Alaska Territorial Legislature added funding, and in 1922, when the first building was constructed, the college opened its doors to students. The first student graduated in 1923. In 1931, the experiment station was transferred from federal ownership to the college, and in 1935 the college was renamed the University of Alaska. When campuses were opened at other locations, the Fairbanks campus became the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Early experiment station researchers developed adapted cultivars of grains, grasses, potatoes, and berries, and introduced many vegetable cultivars appropriate to Alaska. Animal and poultry management was also important. This work continues, as does research in soils and revegetation, forest ecology and management, and rural and economic development. As the state faces new challenges in agriculture and resource management, the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station continues to bring state-of-the-art research information to the people of Alaska. List of Plant Species on Forest Permanent Sample Plots • Malone, Packee, Liang • MP 2012-01
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