1. business and industrial
2. energy
3. oil

Update to Sec. 52 Application for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project
Volume 4 – 2010 Update
Appendix P: Sample Project Fact Sheets
Appendix P
March 2011
Sample Project Fact Sheets
Update to Sec. 52 Application for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project
Volume 4 – 2010 Update
Appendix P: Sample Project Fact Sheets
P.1
Project Fact Sheets
This appendix contains the following project fact sheets:
•
Northern Gateway Overview
•
About Enbridge
•
Oil Sands
•
Diluent
•
Regulatory Process
•
Project Application
•
Pipeline Regulations: Canada
•
Building the Pipeline
•
Watercourse Crossings
•
Emergency Preparedness and Response
•
Tunnels
•
Pump Stations
•
Pipeline Integrity and Safety
•
Geotechnical Work
•
Commitment to Public Engagement
•
Community Advisory Boards
•
Northern Gateway Alliance
•
Aboriginal Engagement
•
Aboriginal Benefits
•
Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge
•
Environmental Assessments
•
Wildlife Mitigation
•
Socio-Economic Benefits
•
Socio-Economic Benefits for BC
•
Socio-Economic Benefits for Alberta
•
Kitimat Terminal
•
Marine Terminal Operations
March 2011
Update to Sec. 52 Application for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project
Volume 4 – 2010 Update
Appendix P: Sample Project Fact Sheets
•
Marine Quantitative Risk Analysis
•
Tankers
•
Marine Mammals
•
Marine Safety
•
Marine Insurance and Liabilities
•
Marine Emergency Preparedness
•
Marine Oil Spill Response
March 2011
NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT OVERVIEW FACT SHEET Project Overview

$5.5 billion project

Twin buried pipelines

New marine terminal at Kitimat
Project Need

It is in our national interest to have competition for our resources. Northern Gateway would provide Canada access
to large and growing international markets in Asia and the United States west coast.

Strengthen the nation’s position as a global energy producer and facilitate more investment in Canada. Bring
significant and lasting benefits to the economies and the people of northern B.C. and Alberta – and all Canadians –
in an environmentally safe and sustainable way
The Pipelines
Oil Pipeline

1,177 km in length

914 mm (36 inch) diameter

Westerly flow

Transport oil from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia

Capacity of 525,000 barrels per day
Condensate Pipeline

1,177 km in length

508 mm (20 inch) diameter

Easterly flow

Transport imported condensate from Kitimat to Edmonton area
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-001
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT OVERVIEW FACT SHEET The Terminal

Located in Kitimat at eastern end of the Douglas Channel

Two ship berths

14 tanks for oil and condensate
Economic Opportunities
Tax revenue during construction:

$166 million in British Columbia

$114 million in Alberta

$913 million throughout Canada
Tax revenue during operations:

$1.2 billion in British Columbia

$462 million in Alberta

$2.6 billion throughout Canada
Employment opportunities:

About 62,700 person years of construction employment

About 1,150 long-term jobs throughout Canada
o
About 380 long-term jobs created in Alberta
o
About 560 long-term jobs created in British Columbia
Regulatory Approval Process

Northern Gateway Project regulatory application submitted May 27, 2010

Independent review process led by the National Energy Board (NEB) and the Canadian Environmental Assessment
Agency (CEAA)

The Minister of the Environment and the NEB appointed three experienced individuals to serve as the Joint Review
Panel (JRP) for the Project application

The Project will undergo a comprehensive and rigorous regulatory review to determine whether the project is in the
public interest or cause significant adverse effects on the environment. The JRP will determine if the proposed
pipeline project will go ahead.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-001
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
ABOUT ENBRIDGE FACT SHEET Enbridge is a North American leader in energy delivery. As a transporter of energy, Enbridge operates the world's longest
liquids transportation system. We deliver about 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and other liquid petroleum products
from Western Canada to customers in Canada and the US Midwest. We are the single largest transporter of crude oil and
petroleum products into the US, and our deliveries make up 11 per cent of total US daily imports.
As a distributor of energy, Enbridge owns and operates Canada's largest natural gas distribution company and provides
distribution services in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and New York State. Enbridge is also involved in international
operations and has a growing interest in natural gas transmission and midstream businesses.
In addition, Enbridge is becoming increasingly involved in advancing green energy projects, and has interests in solar, wind,
waste heat recovery and hybrid fuel cell projects.
Enbridge was founded 61 years ago (as Interprovincial Pipe line and Lakehead Pipe line), and our natural gas distribution
business was founded more than 160 years ago.
Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Enbridge employs nearly 6,500 people, primarily across North America. This
includes more than 2,000 employees in the US.
Enbridge's Operations
Enbridge carries out operations through the following business segments:

Liquids Pipelines - includes the operation and construction of the Enbridge crude oil mainline system and feeder
pipelines that transport crude oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.

Gas Pipelines - consists of our interests in natural gas pipelines including Alliance Pipeline, Vector Pipeline and
Enbridge Offshore Pipelines.

Sponsored Investments – includes investments in Enbridge Income Fund (ElF) and Enbridge Energy Partners
(EEP), both managed by Enbridge. EEP, in which Enbridge has an approximately 27 per cent interest, owns the
Lakehead System in the US.

Gas Distribution and Services – consists of gas utility operations which serve residential, commercial, industrial
and transportation customers, primarily in central and eastern Ontario, the most significant being Enbridge Gas
Distribution (EGD). Gas Distribution and Services also includes natural gas distribution activities in Quebec, New
Brunswick and New York State

Green Energy - consists of interests in more than 810 megawatts of green power capacity in Canada and the U.S.

International - includes Enbridge's energy-delivery investment outside of North America.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-002
December 16, 2010
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
ABOUT ENBRIDGE FACT SHEET Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-002
December 16, 2010
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
OIL SANDS FACT SHEET Canada’s oil reserves are the second largest in the world behind Saudi Arabia and Alberta’s oil sands represent 97 per cent
of those reserves. Enbridge’s pipeline system transports more than 2 million barrels per day of crude oil to refineries in
Canada and the United States, with nearly half of those barrels coming from oil sands. Our primary mission is to safely and
reliably deliver energy, and therefore we care about the sustainable development of this remarkable resource.
What are the Oil Sands?
Oil sands are a mixture of sand, water, clay and bitumen.
Bitumen is oil that is too heavy or thick to flow or be pumped without being diluted or heated – at 11 degrees Celsius
bitumen is as hard as a hockey puck.
Where are the Oil Sands?
Canada’s oil sands are found in three deposits – the Athabasca, Peace River and Cold Lake areas in Alberta and part of
Saskatchewan. The greatest quantity is found in the Athabasca deposit.
Canada’s oil sands are located beneath 140,200 square km of land, equivalent to an area about four-fifths the size of
Florida. However only 2% of the total area is mineable. Only 530 square km have been mined to date.
Mineable oil sands only exist under 0.1% of Canada’s total boreal forest.
Reserves and Production

Alberta has proven oil sands reserves of 170 billion barrels.

Alberta ranks second only to Saudi Arabia in global proven oil reserves.

Total oil sands area = 140,200 km2 (14 million ha) 42,000 ha disturbed by oil sands mining = 0.3% disturbed.

Oil sands are composed of three main materials: water, sand and a form of heavy oil called bitumen. Once
separated, bitumen must be upgraded to convert it into a synthetic crude oil (SCO). Saturation levels of bitumen in
the sand also vary from less than 1% to 18%.

In 2009, bitumen production averaged 1.49 million barrels a day (bbl/d) while conventional oil production averaged
461,300 bbl/d

Current forecasts indicate that by 2019 bitumen production will increase to 3.2 million bbl/d.

Marketable oil sands production currently represents 43% of Canada's total crude oil production.
Investment

From 1999-2009, an estimated $91 billion was invested in oil sands projects.

In 2009, industry investment in the oil sands is estimated to be in excess of $10 billion.

Almost $170 billion in oil sands related projects are currently underway or proposed.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-003
January 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
OIL SANDS FACT SHEET Technology
There are two types of oil sands production methods: mining and in-situ.

Mining: Oil sands are dug up by shovel and moved by truck to a cleaning facility where the material is mixed with
warm water to separate the oil from the sand.

In-situ: For deeper oil sands reservoirs, some form of in-situ or “in-place” recovery method is used to produce oil
sands through wells similar to that of conventional oil production. It’s estimated that approximately 80% of the total
proven oil sands reserves will be recoverable via in-situ techniques.
Oil Sands and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The oil sands account for one-tenth of one per cent of total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

Consumers produce approximately 75% of GHG emissions through the consumption of gasoline, diesel and
aviation fuel, regardless of whether those fuels originated from oil sands petroleum or conventional oil sources.

Oil sands companies have reduced per-barrel GHG emissions by more than 30% since 1990 by using new and
more efficient technology and process.

Oil sands operations produce just 1% of the GHG emitted by the power generation sector in the United States.
Oil Sands and Fresh Water
The oil sands industry has made significant progress in reducing the use of fresh water through alternative and innovative
practices. The industry is a leader in researching recycling techniques, reusing water and using non-drinkable water as an
alternative to fresh water.

The oil sands industry draws only 1% of the Athabasca River’s flow

More than 80% of water drawn from the Athabasca River for oil sands mining is continually recycled and put back
into operations. No water used in the oil sands is released.
Oil Sands and the Economy
Enbridge currently transports the majority of crude oil produced in the oil sands region and has a significant role to play in
the future transportation of this important energy supply. However, it is consumer demand that continues to drive the future
development of the oil sands.
Further development of the oil sands has many benefits aside from providing much-needed energy. Oil sands development
will provide a substantial economic boost – new jobs, royalties and tax revenues – on both sides of the 49th parallel. Oil
sands investment will create $1.7 trillion in economic activity across Canada over the next two decades, and as production
increases, so will demand for materials and services.

The oil and gas industry currently supports 500,000 jobs across Canada. Given current forecasts, by 2050 the oil
sands will be directly or indirectly responsible for 1,000,000 Canadian jobs.

The oil sands have the potential to generate $306 billion in royalty and tax revenues for Canadians over the next 20
years.

Canadians consume approximately 388,000 barrels per day of oil sands crude. Without that oil, it would be
equivalent to approximately 84% of all Canadian single-family detached homes going without heat.
Source:
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-003
January 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
www.oilsands.alberta.ca
Page 2 of 2
DILUENT FACT SHEET What Is Diluent?
Diluent is a thinning agent made up of a mixture of organic compounds containing the lighter hydrocarbons. Hydrogen and
carbon make up the basis of almost all petroleum products refined from crude oil such as gasoline, jet fuel, asphalt and the
petrochemicals that go into many consumer products.
Diluent components are naturally found in oil. The lighter hydrocarbons of petroleum have been used for many years to
dilute the thick crude oil. Similar products in natural gas are also referred to as “condensate.”
Large amounts of diluent are needed to dilute the heavy crude petroleum that is produced in the Canadian oil sands
because it is often too thick to be pumped easily by pipeline.
Which Hydrocarbons Are In Diluent?
Hydrocarbons make up a number of familiar substances that are separated in the refining process and are contained in
many of the products we use every day, including the asphalt we drive on, the fuel in our car and the petrochemical-based
plastics we all use every day.
Like most petroleum, diluent is flammable and contains volatile substances in varying percentages. The lighter
hydrocarbons included in diluent are typically naphtha, benzene and pentane. These types of hydrocarbons are also
included in the gasoline we use in our vehicles. For instance, benzene accounts for about one percent of gasoline content.
Naphtha is contained in shoe polish and Coleman fuel or white gas. These types of lighter hydrocarbons are included in the
gasoline that is commonly transported by pipelines, trucks and railroad cars that operate in communities across North
America.
How Is Diluent Made?
The light hydrocarbons that collectively are referred to as diluent are condensed from natural gas wells (hence the name
“condensate,”) or separated from other hydrocarbons at refineries that process crude oil into gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel
and other petroleum products. Some of the hydrocarbons typically used as diluent are produced in Alberta – but not enough
to meet the needs of growing production from the oil sands. With Canadian oil production expected to nearly double by
2020, increased supplies of diluent are needed to transport the thick Canadian crude to refineries, which produce the motor
fuels and other products we depend on to power our personal vehicles and satisfy other important energy and
manufacturing needs.
Refineries can generate diluent as a natural part of separating the crude oil hydrocarbons into various transportation fuels
and ingredients used to produce a wide variety of consumer products. Natural gas plants separate the liquid portion of the
gas stream to provide the dry gas used to heat our homes and fire our boilers. These lighter hydrocarbons, lower in octane,
are typically blended into motor fuel or used in various petrochemical manufacturing processes.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-004
January 19, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
DILUENT FACT SHEET Is Diluent Hazardous?
During normal operations there are no hazards to those who live and work along the pipeline. As with gasoline and other
petroleum products, diluent should be properly handled and contained.
Enbridge maintains an aggressive pipeline integrity maintenance program and a pipeline public awareness effort to help
promote the environmentally responsible and safe operation of all its pipelines. Highly trained Enbridge professionals
monitor the operation of our pipelines 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We conduct regular inspections of equipment
and patrol our pipeline routes no less than 26 times a year. Additionally, we communicate annually – or more often – with
those who live and work near our pipelines and with local public officials regarding how we operate our facilities, while
providing them with information about pipeline safety.
Enbridge works closely with local fire departments to help educate them on how to safely and appropriately respond to a
pipeline incident in the unlikely event of a leak. We also include messages in our public awareness communications to
nearby residents about how to identify, report and safely avoid areas where petroleum may have leaked or spilled.
Flammability: Diluent, like all hydrocarbons (crude oil, natural gas liquids) that are transported is flammable. And like
these other hydrocarbons, diluent requires two conditions in order to ignite: the presence of an ignition source and being
released in a narrowly-defined concentration (one to seven percent diluent) with the surrounding air. Contained within a
closed pipeline system, the petroleum hydrocarbons are mixed with little or no air and thus have no opportunity for ignition.
Equipment installed on the Enbridge system, such as electrical equipment and motors within secured pumping stations, is
designed to avoid introducing ignition sources.
Health: If released to the atmosphere, all hydrocarbons that are commonly transported in petroleum pipelines present
some degree of breathing hazard depending on the product and exposure. No hazardous levels of vapors will be released
from the closed pipeline system or within facilities during normal operations. In the unlikely event of a leak, those working or
living nearby should move away from and upwind of the leak site in order to prevent prolonged exposure to vapors.
Enbridge workers and emergency personnel have the equipment and training to check levels of hydrocarbons in the air and
use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Environment: The pipeline is a closed system and is designed to minimize emissions. In the unlikely event of a leak,
Enbridge is prepared to respond and quickly remove spilled product. Aggressive measures are taken to remove impacted
soils and, if necessary, monitor groundwater to make sure no risks are posed to nearby drinking water sources. Community
drinking water sources, such as aquifers, are typically sourced from deep underground, and geological layers protect them
from immediate exposure. Environmental agencies oversee response, including cleanup and steps taken to avoid potential
threats to the environment or drinking water.
Diluent plays an integral role in facilitating the transportation of the heavy crude oil, which is refined to provide the fuel that we use every
day. Refined petroleum products, such as petrochemicals, also serve as feedstock for the production of critical materials such as plastics,
synthetic fibers and other industrial chemicals that help improve our quality of life.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-004
January 19, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
REGULATORY PROCESS FACT SHEET Joint Review Panel
The Joint Review Panel (JRP) is an independent body, ordered by the Minister of the Environment and the National Energy
Board (NEB). The JRP will decide if the Northern Gateway Project (NGP) will be approved and under what conditions. In
making its decision, the JRP will consider all information that is relevant to the question of whether or not the application for
the Project should be approved, including:

safety and security matters;

environmental and socio-economic issues;

Northern Gateway’s public and Aboriginal consultation process;

the project’s proposed route and land matters;

supply, markets and the economic feasibility for the project; and

commercial aspects including tolls and tariffs.
Regulatory Process
The JRP will assess the environmental effects of the proposed project and review the application under both the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act and the National Energy Board Act.
Panel members will conduct a public hearing process where they will receive and consider information submitted by
Northern Gateway and other participants, including the public and Aboriginal groups.
Based on the information they receive, the JRP will issue an environmental assessment report with conclusions and
recommendations. The report will include mitigation measures, follow-up programs, a summary of comments received from
participants and reasons for their decisions. The report will be submitted to the government for a response.
Once the government responds, the JRP will make a final decision on whether or not to approve the project under the
National Energy Board Act.
Steps of the Regulatory Process

An application is filed by a company with the NEB. (The application for the Northern Gateway Project was filed on
May 27, 2010).

A Hearing Order is issued once the JRP decides that the application is complete. A Hearing Order gives a brief
description of the proposed project, the list of issues that will be considered during the hearing process, as well as
details on the steps in the hearing process and the schedule for the various steps, including the date, location and
time of the hearing(s) if it is known.

The public is notified about the application through the Hearing Order and public hearing notices.

Written evidence is filed by the company and registered interveners taking part in the hearing.

Information requests are submitted and answered based on the evidence that is filed. People who don't wish to fully
participate in the hearing may submit a letter of comment explaining their position on the project.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-005
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 3
REGULATORY PROCESS FACT SHEET 
An oral hearing is held where participants gather on a specific date in a specific location to ask oral questions of
witnesses and to provide final argument. Once the hearing is completed, the JRP makes a decision on the
application and releases the decision to the public.
The regulatory process, from the time the application was submitted until a decision is made, is expected to take about 18
months.
Methods of Involvement in the Public Hearing
Persons interested in communicating their views about the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Project will have many
opportunities to do so. When issued, the Hearing Order will provide the details of all available options. In the meantime,
the Joint Review Panel is accepting Letters of Comment.
A Letter of Comment is a written statement that expresses your views on the project. A Letter of Comment should include
any information that will help explain or support your comments as well as the reason why you are interested in this
proposed project.
A Letter of Comment is separate from any comments you have provided in response to the Panel's earlier request for input
concerning the draft List of Issues, additional information the applicant should be required to file and suggested locations for
hearings.
Letters of Comment must include personal contact information such as full name and mailing address. Panel members will
read and consider all Letters of Comment throughout the review process.
Once submitted, Letters of Comment become public documents. Your contact information and the Letter of Comment will
be available on this website in the Public Registry.
If you would like to submit a Letter of Comment, please use the electronic form on this website or send your own letter to
the address or fax number below:
Joint Review Panel – Enbridge Northern Gateway Project
444 Seventh Avenue S.W.
Calgary, AB T2P 0X8
Fax: 403-292-5503
Toll free: 1-877-288-8803
Where can I get a copy of the Application?
The Northern Gateway Project application can be found on the public registry at www.gatewaypanel.review-examen.gc.ca
and on Northern Gateway’s website www.northerngateway.ca. Northern Gateway has also sent hard copies of the
application to some public libraries in locations along the proposed route including Edmonton, Grande Prairie,
Prince George and Kitimat.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-005
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 3
REGULATORY PROCESS FACT SHEET Where can I go to get more information on the hearing process?
There are a number of ways people can access information:
a. NEB website - The NEB website contains information on NEB activities, regulatory documents and general
energy information. The website can be accessed at: www.neb-one.gc.ca.
b. E-mail - You can submit your question to [email protected] and your question will be responded to in two
working days. If your question is more complicated, more time may be needed to respond.
c.
Telephone/Fax - Please contact the NEB at 403-292-4800 or toll free at 1-800-899-1265. To send a fax, dial
403-292-5503 or toll free 1-877-288-8803.
d. Mail - If you do not have access to the Internet and wish to submit your question or comments in writing, you
can also send a letter. The mailing address is:
National Energy Board
444 Seventh Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta T2P 0X8 Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-005
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 3 of 3
PROJECT APPLICATION FACT SHEET What is a Pipeline Project Application?
When a company is considering building a pipeline the size and significance of the Northern Gateway Project (NGP), the
company is required to submit an application to the National Energy Board (NEB). One part of the application is an
environmental and socio-economic assessment. When the NEB receives an application, NEB staff review a range of
issues related to the application, including environmental, socio-economic and land issues. For larger or more complex
projects such as Northern Gateway, the NEB will hold a public hearing to hear the views of the public. In this case, the Joint
Review Panel (JRP) will review the application and hold a public hearing on behalf of the NEB and the Minister of
Environment.
What is an Environmental Assessment?
An environmental assessment is a review of the environmental effects likely to be associated with a project. A company
completes an environmental assessment as part of its application to the NEB. Following pubic consultation, the JRP writes
an environmental assessment report containing conclusions and recommendations. The Minister of the Environment
reviews the report and provides a government response. The JRP then decides whether to approve the pipeline project on
behalf of the NEB.
The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEA Act) requires that certain federal approvals do not happen until an
environmental assessment is completed for the project. Since more than one federal authority may have an approval role or
expert advice to offer, regulations under the CEA Act require that federal authorities coordinate their activities so that only
one assessment is completed for each project.
What does the NEB consider during an Environmental Assessment?
The NEB considers many factors when conducting an environmental assessment, including:

physical and meteorological environment

soil (productivity and vegetation)

wetlands (water quality and quantity)

fish, wildlife, and their habitat

species at risk or species of special status and related habitat

heritage resources

traditional land and resource use

human health

aesthetics and noise
What kind of environmental information must the company provide to the NEB?
The NEB provides a list of environmental issues it expects companies to respond to in their applications. In the case of the
NGP, this has been provided by the JRP.
Companies are required to file information explaining how the proposed project will affect the environment and what
measures they will take to avoid causing harm to the environment. Information about preferred and alternate routes must
also be provided.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-006
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
PROJECT APPLICATION FACT SHEET What information did Northern Gateway provide?
The Northern Gateway application amounted to about 7,500 pages including appendices held in 10 hard copy binders. The
information was arranged into eight volumes and addressed topic areas including: engineering; environment and socioeconomic assessment of pipelines, the Kitimat Terminal, and marine transportation; public consultation; Aboriginal
engagement & Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge (ATK); and the risk assessment and management of spills for pipelines,
the Kitimat terminal, and marine transportation.
Besides the project application as described above, Northern Gateway has also filed with the NEB all technical data reports
(TDRs) supporting its application. The 30 TDRs amount to just over 11,000 pages in hard copy.
Northern Gateway has also completed a TERMPOL assessment, a voluntary process administered through Transport
Canada. A TERMPOL assessment is intended to precisely and reliably measure the navigational risks associated with the
location and operation of marine terminals built for large oil tankers.
Supplemental information to the project application will be filed in an ongoing process as the Northern Gateway project
moves through the regulatory process.
Where can I get a copy of the project application?
The Enbridge Northern Gateway Project application can be found on the public registry at www.gatewaypanel.reviewexamen.gc.ca. The application is also available online on Northern Gateway’s website (www.northerngateway.ca). Northern
Gateway has also sent hard copies of the application to some public libraries in locations along the proposed route
including Edmonton, Grande Prairie, Prince George and Kitimat.
Where can I go to get more information on the Northern Gateway project
application?
There are a number of ways people can access information:

NEB website - The NEB website contains information on NEB activities, regulatory documents including the
Northern Gateway application and general energy information. The website can be accessed at:
www.neb-one.gc.ca.

E-mail - You can submit your question to [email protected] and your question will be responded to in two
working days. If your question is more complicated, more time may be needed to respond.

Telephone/Fax - Please contact the NEB at 403-292-4800 or toll free at 1-800-899-1265. To send a fax, dial
403-292-5503 or toll free 1-877-288-8803.

Mail - If you do not have access to the Internet and wish to submit your question or comments in writing, you can
also send a letter. The mailing address is:
National Energy Board
444 Seventh Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta
T2P 0X8
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-006
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
PIPELINE REGULATIONS: CANADA FACT SHEET In Canada, a number of government agencies regulate pipelines to ensure safety, security and environmental protection. In
general, though, pipeline regulation can be divided into two categories: provincial regulators for intraprovincial pipelines,
and federal regulators for pipelines that cross provincial or international boundaries.
FEDERAL REGULATORS
National Energy Board (NEB)
Pipeline systems that cross provincial or international boundaries are regulated by the federal government, primarily under
the authority of the NEB. The NEB is an independent federal tribunal that was established in 1959 by the Government of
Canada to regulate pipelines that cross provincial or international borders.
Following is a brief overview of the NEB’s regulatory authority:

Pipeline Construction and Operation - Proposed interprovincial and international oil and gas pipelines, and
additions to existing pipeline systems under federal jurisdiction, require the NEB's approval before they may be
built. Public hearings are held for pipeline construction applications exceeding 40 kilometres (25 miles) or any other
applications at the discretion of the NEB.
In determining whether a pipeline project should proceed, the NEB reviews, among other considerations, its
economic, technical and financial feasibility, whether the pipeline will be used and useful, and the environmental
and socioeconomic impact of the project.
To ensure that engineering, safety and environmental requirements are met, the NEB audits and inspects the
construction and operation of pipelines. Since February 1987, NEB inspectors have also been responsible for
enforcing Part II of the Canada Labour Code, applying to the occupational safety and health of pipeline workers in
the field.
The NEB shares responsibility with the Transportation Safety Board for incident investigation. The NEB investigates
pipeline incidents to determine whether its regulations have been followed and if those regulations may need to be
changed. The Transportation Safety Board investigates the cause and contributing factors. The NEB also monitors
excavation activity by third parties near pipelines to ensure compliance with existing regulations.

Environmental Protection - The NEB's environmental responsibility includes ensuring environmental protection
during the planning, construction, operation and abandonment of energy projects within its jurisdiction. When
making its decisions, the NEB may take into consideration environmental concerns related to air, land and water
pollution, disturbance of renewable and nonrenewable resources, the integrity of natural habitats, the disruption of
land and resource use, and the protection of landowner rights.
Companies preparing an application to the NEB are required to anticipate the environmental issues and concerns
that the proposed project could create and to discuss these with all levels of government, potentially affected First
Nations, public interest groups, and affected landowners.
If the project application is approved, the NEB ensures that the company continues to protect the environment and
public health and safety by auditing and inspecting the company's construction activities, the operation of its
system, and the company's routine maintenance and monitoring procedures.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-007
January 5, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
PIPELINE REGULATIONS: CANADA FACT SHEET 
Environmental Assessment - The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEA Act) applies to projects before
the NEB and requires that they receive the appropriate level of assessment before they proceed. The CEA Act sets
out uniform requirements for environmental assessments by all federal government departments and agencies. As
a "responsible authority" under the CEA Act, the NEB ensures that appropriate environmental assessments are
conducted for projects under its jurisdiction, according to standards prescribed by the legislation.

Public Safety - The NEB is responsible for ensuring that companies comply with regulations concerning the safety
of employees, the public, and the environment, as they may be affected by the design, construction, operation,
maintenance and abandonment of a pipeline. For 35 years the NEB has worked with CSA International to develop
safety regulations and technical standards currently in effect for federally regulated pipelines.

Traffic, Tolls and Tariffs - The NEB regulates pipeline tolls and tariffs under its jurisdiction to ensure tolls are just
and reasonable and that there is no undue discrimination in tolls, access to the pipeline, tariffs or services. In
addition to examining tolls applications and considering complaints about tolls or service, the NEB conducts
compliance audits as part of its monitoring responsibility.
Other Federal Regulatory Bodies
Approval from other regulatory bodies may also be needed, depending on the type and ownership of the land which the
pipeline crosses. In exercising its authority, each federal department must fulfill its fiduciary responsibilities to Aboriginal
peoples and has a duty to consult on any decisions it may take.
Natural Resources Canada has responsibility for the use of explosives during construction activities as set out in the
federal Explosives Act.
Environment Canada is responsible for several federal laws that could potentially impact pipeline activities. These include
the Species at Risk Act (prohibition against the destruction of critical habitat), the Migratory Birds Act (prohibition of the
deposit of a substance that is harmful to migratory birds into waters or areas frequented by migratory birds) and the
Canadian Environmental Protection Act (permit for disposal at sea which may be required for dredging).
Fisheries and Oceans Canada is responsible for the “habitat protection and pollution prevention provisions” of the
Fisheries Act. Under Section 32, authorization is required if any fish will be destroyed and under section 35 authorization is
required to carry on any work or undertaking that results in the harmful alteration, disruption or destruction of fish habitat.
Under Section 36, any unauthorized deposit of a deleterious substance into water inhabited by fish is subject to federal
prosecution.
Transport Canada is responsible for administering Section 5 of the Navigable Waters Protection Act to ensure that the use
of waters for navigation is not obstructed by construction or operations of in-water infrastructure. This may be required at
river crossings or the marine terminal.
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada plays a role through the Indian Act if reserve lands are crossed.
Environment Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans and provincial environment departments must approve
plans for water crossings (streams, lakes, rivers, etc.)
Environment Canada and provincial environment departments must approve plans for archeological and historic sites
crossings. They must also approve plans for top soil stripping, erosion control, land reclamation, revegetation and
reforestation.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-01-007
January 5, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
BUILDING THE PIPELINE FACT SHEET Determining the Route
Pipelines are one of the most efficient, safe and environmentally responsible energy transportation systems there is. Every
day, Enbridge’s pipelines alone move more than two million barrels of petroleum products across North America.
The Northern Gateway Project began the route selection process by hosting community open houses to which Aboriginal
groups and stakeholders such as landowners and community members were invited. At the open houses Northern
Gateway shared information about pipelines facilities, and discussed possible routes and any associated concerns.
Planners, environmentalists, biologists, geologists and chemists spent months studying the proposed areas and reviewing
potential design options. Based on their findings they developed solutions that took into account environmental sensitivities
to ensure the route had minimal environmental impact.
Pipeline Materials
A well maintained pipeline can last for a long time if it starts with quality pipe. The pipes that Northern Gateway will use
come from quality steel pipe production mills, and undergo a series of tests and quality checks. Third party inspection
companies ensure that the final product is of the highest quality and meets all requirements.
Steps in Building a Pipeline
Once all approvals are in place, the pipeline can be built. There are various steps a pipeline goes through before it is
complete:
1. Clearing and Grading - The top soil is striped and the ground (or grade) prepared along the right-of-way.
Throughout this process the top soil is stored so it can be replaced later.
2. Trenching – Construction crews dig the trench for the pipe preserving the soil to fill the trench after the pipe is
laid. The depth of the pipeline trench will typically be a metre or more beneath the surface.
3. Stringing/Bending - Pipeline crews place sections of the pipe to be used along the edge of the trench. A
machine then bends the pipe such that it follows the route of the pipeline and matches the contour of the land.
4. Welding/Coating – Welders join the pipe segments together. Pipeline joints are coated with an anti-corrosion
material and then inspected. Extreme care is used to properly weld the pieces together, and each seam is
subject to a thorough X-ray inspection.
5. Lowering in and tie-ins – Following a careful inspection, construction crews use specially designed cranes to
lower the long sections of welded pipe into the trench. A separate crew completes final welds (tie-ins),
connecting continuous lengths of pipeline that have been lowered into the trench.
6. Pressure-testing - The pipeline is pressure-tested with water, subjecting it to a higher pressure than it would
normally operate under.
7. Backfilling - The trench is backfilled and the sub and top soils are replaced and packed, leaving the area close
to the way it was before the pipeline was installed.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-001
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS FACT SHEET The proposed Northern Gateway pipeline system route traverses many watercourses, from very small brooks to large
rivers. Most of the water crossings are technically straightforward and have minimal environmental impacts. The Project has
established a strategic watercourse crossings team to conduct detailed site surveys at difficult crossings to ensure they can
be built responsibly and with minimal impacts. The pipelines will cross 773 identified watercourses with defined bed and
banks; 669 of the crossings are fish-bearing.
The following watercourse crossing methods will be used for the Project:

open cut

diversions

isolation methods, including dam and pump, flume, coffer dams and silt curtains

trenchless methods, including bore, horizontal directional drilling, aerial and micro-tunneling
Determining the most suitable watercourse crossing method requires consideration of a number of factors such as:

fish and fish habitat (including the species and life stages) that are anticipated to be present in the potential zone of
influence at the crossing location at the time of construction

geotechnical issues - including Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) feasibility, the stability of the valley slopes and
the risk of debris flow

hydro-technical issues such as flow volumes and channel stability

construction issues - including complexity, risk, safety, schedule and cost

regulator, resource managers, Aboriginal group, community and stakeholder input

temporary and permanent access requirements

pipeline operational and pipeline integrity issues

reliability, robustness, cost and maintenance issues over the life of the pipelines

wildlife habitat, such as migration routes for animals and nesting areas for birds

Aboriginal Traditional use
During the Project planning phase, discussions regarding watercourse crossings are ongoing with representatives from the
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment Canada, provincial agencies, Aboriginal groups, local
communities and interest groups. Enbridge wants to ensure each watercourse crossing is planned and carried out so as to
cause the least disturbance possible.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-002
December 16, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 3
WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS FACT SHEET Watercourse Crossing Selection Process
To facilitate the watercourse crossing selection process for the Project application, a fish and fish habitat risk management
framework (RMF) was developed. The risk associated with each crossing is categorized after consideration of the sitespecific crossing methods and incorporation of standardized and project-specific mitigation measures.
The RMF is designed as an iterative process for relocating crossings, revising crossing techniques and modifying mitigation
measures. As a component of the RMF, the fish and fish habitat sensitivity was a key parameter in the method selection
process at each pipeline watercourse crossing. This process was conducted in two stages: an initial screening process and
a detailed site review.
The first stage, an initial screening process, determined the proposed crossing method for watercourses that meet all of the
following threshold conditions:

low or medium fish and fish habitat sensitivity

flow rate of less than 1.5 cubic metres per second expected at the time of construction

channel width of less than 10 m

no significant engineering or constructability issues
The proposed crossing methods for watercourses that are below these threshold conditions are open cut and isolation. In
addition, many of these watercourses may be dry or frozen at the time of construction in which case the least impactful
method will be open cut.
Of the 773 identified watercourse crossings, 690 of the crossings met these threshold conditions and had no other
significant issues identified.
The second stage of the selection process entailed a detailed site review of the remaining 83 of 773 identified watercourse
crossings. These crossings have potential issues and constraints related to one or more of the following areas:

environmental

engineering

geotechnical

public consultation

constructability

operability

cost
The proposed crossing method for these review sites was initially based on the following general guidelines:

Prefer a trenched crossing (open cut or isolated) where there is a history of successful crossings without major
permitting issues or environmental effects

Prefer HDD crossings for the large watercourses (for widths greater than 100 m) with high fisheries sensitivity

Prefer bore crossings for medium-sized watercourses (for widths between 10 m and 100 m) with high fisheries
sensitivity
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-002
December 16, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 3
WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS FACT SHEET 
Prefer isolation for smaller crossings (for widths of less than 10 m and flow of less than 3 cubic metres per second
during construction)

Prefer aerial only where geometrical constraints preclude other crossing methods

Trenchless methods will have an isolated or open cut alternative crossing method, unless fisheries or other
considerations preclude a trenched crossing method

HDD and bore crossings will be subject to detailed engineering analyses to confirm technical feasibility
(geotechnical, constructability, operations)

The crossing method at the currently proposed HDD and bore crossings may be revised to the alternative crossing
method (isolated or open cut) if, during detailed engineering, detailed site assessment and proposed mitigation at
the crossing location determines that an isolated or open cut crossing can be completed without high fisheries risk
or that constructability or technical risks of the trenchless method are substantially higher than the trenched
alternative method.
The proposed crossing method for each review site was further refined taking into account the results of the fish and fish
habitat RMF as well as additional studies, fieldwork, regulatory discussions and consultations.
Currently, a trenchless crossing method is proposed at 33 of the review sites, including:

HDD crossings at 10 sites

bore crossings at 19 sites

aerial crossings at 4 sites
At all the HDD and bore trenchless crossings, an alternative crossing method and alternative timing for construction is
identified. The crossing methods and timing for all of the review sites will be finalized during detailed engineering.
The minimum depth of cover at watercourse crossings will be 1.2 m, with the exception of crossings in rock where the
minimum depth of cover will be 0.6 m. The depth of cover at HDD crossings will be much greater. Concrete weights,
concrete coating and abrasion resistant coating will be used where required to provide buoyancy control and additional
protection for the pipelines.
Vehicle and equipment watercourse crossings will be needed along the right-of-way and the temporary and permanent
access roads used during construction and operations. Each access road crossing of a watercourse will be assessed for
site conditions expected at the time of construction.
The Pipeline Water Crossing Plan was developed considering federal regulations and policy under the Fisheries Act, and
Alberta and British Columbia legislation, regulations, codes of practice and guidelines. For each crossing method selected,
construction and corresponding mitigation measures will follow DFO operational statements and provincial guidelines and
best practices where practical. Otherwise, the appropriate provincial and federal agencies will be consulted beforehand for
the necessary approvals and authorizations.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-002
December 16, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 3 of 3
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FACT SHEET Spill prevention is a key priority for the Northern Gateway Project (NGP).The onshore spill prevention and response
planning measures to be implemented on the Project will help to ensure that pipeline operations will be a model of worldclass safety and environmental standards. Prevention measures that have been incorporated into Project design and
planning for construction and operation of the pipelines include the following:

routing the pipelines to avoid hazardous or sensitive areas

designing and constructing the pipelines and facilities to reduce any potential geotechnical and hydro-technical
issues

installing the pipelines underground through approximately 99% of their length and installing secure fencing to
protect above-ground infrastructure (e.g., pump stations, valve sites and tunnels)

conforming to design codes

conducting routine aerial and ground monitoring

extensive testing of pipelines (weld inspection, coating/backfill inspection, hydrostatic testing)

using internal pipeline inspection technology to identify potential pipeline integrity issues

maintaining cathodic protection

installing remotely controlled shut-off valves

constructing berms at pump stations to contain potential spills

enclosing pump stations in buildings that include sumps for containing small spills

marking the right-of-way (ROW) clearly at public roads, railways, and navigable watercourse crossings
Spill prevention measures have been developed during the planning process for the Project based on consultation with
experts, a review of previous incidents and root cause, and with the latest proven technology.
Spill Response Planning
The following key points provide an overview of Northern Gateway’s emergency response commitments for the pipelines:

development of emergency response plans

provision of emergency response equipment and training

regular testing of response equipment and replacement or improvement of equipment as new technology becomes
available

regular response training exercises with Northern Gateway operations personnel and local emergency response
providers

identification and priority protection of areas of environmental, socio-economic, or cultural importance

establishment of control points downstream of pipeline river crossings (pre-selected locations for deployment of
intercept booms and deflection booms)
Plans are being developed that will provide communities along the right-of-way and downstream of watercourse crossings
with an incident response capability plan developed specifically for the Project.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-003
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 3
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FACT SHEET Response Plans
Enbridge’s existing emergency response protocols will be augmented by project-specific emergency response plans.
These include an overarching General Oil Spill Response Plan (GOSRP) and a Pipeline Oil Spill Response Plan (OSRP).
The following key response actions will be detailed in the Pipeline OSRP:

safety

notification (regulatory, fire, police and emergency response)

incident management

source control

assessment

containment, recovery and protection strategies

equipment deployment

protection of wildlife and fish, sensitive habitats and important traditional harvesting sites

cleanup and decontamination

demobilization and emergency response conclusion
The Pipeline OSRP will also include the following supporting spill response documents:

field oil spill response guides for pipeline crews

tactic response sheets that identify strategies specific to priority protection or response sites downstream of major
river crossings.
Pipeline operations and maintenance personnel, management and contracted response organizations along the pipeline
route and at the Kitimat Terminal will participate in emergency response training, exercises and drills.
Response Equipment and Resources
Northern Gateway will maintain response equipment along the pipeline route, packaged for transport by ground or air.
Supplies will potentially be located at pump stations, and in or near larger communities close to the pipeline ROW.
Personnel and logistical resources will also be organized, including specialized support for winter conditions. Equipment
supplies will include:

safety equipment (personal protective equipment and decontamination, gas monitoring, fire equipment)

boom (various sizes for different conditions)

skimmers (for different oil types, water depths and operating platforms)

pumps

temporary storage

hand tools

logistical support materials
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-003
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 3
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FACT SHEET Protection of Sensitive Areas
Protection of environmental, socio-economic, and cultural sensitivities will be prioritized, and response strategies will be
developed to limit potential adverse effects. Control points and tactic sheets will also be developed to respond to spills that
have the potential to reach flowing water. Control points are locations where emergency responders can effectively deploy
equipment to intercept and minimize downstream movement of oil.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-003
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 3 of 3
TUNNELS FACT SHEET Clore and Hoult Tunnels
Two tunnels will be constructed through the Coast Mountains, approximately 50 km northeast of Kitimat.
The tunnels will be located between the Clore River valley on the east side of North Hope Peak and the Hoult Creek valley
on the west side of Nimbus Mountain. The east tunnel is referred to as the Clore tunnel and the west tunnel is referred to
as the Hoult tunnel.
The tunnels will provide greatly enhanced pipeline stability and safety, and reduced right-of-way reclamation and restoration
activities relative to conventional pipeline design and construction in the upper reaches of the Clore River and Hoult Creek
valleys.

The Clore and Hoult tunnels will be approximately 6.5 km and 6.6 km long, respectively.

The tunnels will be approximately 5.5 m high and 5.5 m wide in cross-section. These dimensions provide sufficient
space for the oil and condensate pipelines (36” and 20” in diameters respectively).

The tunnels will also be equipped with lighting, ventilation and seepage control systems.

The tunnels will be equipped with a range of monitoring instruments tied to a real-time supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) system that is continuously monitored by the Enbridge Operations Control Centre in
Edmonton.

The tunnels will be designed to provide inspection and maintenance crews with year-round access.

Permanent tunnel supports will be installed, where needed, to provide long-terms stability of the tunnel arches and
walls.

There will be no public access to the tunnels.
Tunnel Construction
Construction of the tunnels is expected to require approximately 36 months with three construction camps required for the
contractor crews and project support personnel.
The tunnels will be constructed using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), drilling and blasting methods or a combination of
both methods. For the tunnel boring option, two TBMs will be used, one for each tunnel.
Existing forest service roads will provide access to the Clore tributary valley and Hoult Creek. These roads will be
upgraded at some locations to meet tunnel construction needs, including increasing the width of the road in some locations
and upgrading or replacing some bridges and culverts.
Stringent environmental controls will be in place throughout the construction period and subsequent operations. Work will
be undertaken within the conditions of federal and provincial permits, and in close cooperation with regulators. Ongoing
monitoring and inspection by on-site environmental inspectors ensure compliance with permit conditions.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-004
January 20, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
PUMP STATIONS FACT SHEET Pump Stations
Pipelines are designed to transport products from one point to another by maintaining pressure within them. Factors such
as friction and elevation can reduce the pressure and rate of the flow, so pump stations are required to provide the
necessary force to keep the liquid petroleum moving. Pipeline system pumps are powered by electric motors and controlled
by variable frequency drives to allow all the pumps to operate at optimum efficiency.

Pump stations will be situated along the Northern Gateway right-of-way to optimize the hydraulic flow along the oil
and condensate pipelines between Edmonton and Kitimat.

Wherever possible, pump station locations are sited in areas where there is already existing development and
infrastructure (access roads, power lines) to minimize impact to the environment.

Pump station sites will be graded and include a retention pond to collect storm water on-site. This will prevent site
flooding and allow testing of the site surface water to ensure that it is contaminant free before returning to the
environment.

Each site will be fenced to protect the facility. Security will also include intrusion alarms and video surveillance.

Each station will be equipped with remotely operated valves to allow the station to be isolated and bypassed if there
is a risk to either the station or on the mainline.

Stations will also be equipped with instruments tied into a real-time supervisory control and data acquisition system
that is continuously monitored by the Control Center in Edmonton. This will allow control room operators to identify
and make safe operational decisions at each station in a short time frame.

Each station will have backup satellite or radio communications. However, should communication between the
stations and the control room be disrupted the stations are programmed to operate at a reduced rate or shutdown
to prevent the risk of operating in a manner that could damage pipe and equipment and subsequently cause an
environmental incident.

Stations will be equipped with at least one sump tank (dependent on station size) and an extensive system of drain
piping to significantly reduce the potential for small oil spills during maintenance activities. Inspection tool by-pass
facilities will be incorporated into the design to eliminate the need to drain oil out of scraper traps and remove oil
covered inspection tools from the pipeline.

Station facility piping will be installed almost entirely aboveground. This will allow the operators and maintenance
staff to observe any issues that may arise and have ready access to shorten repair times.

To minimize the visibility of the stations, the area surrounding the site, with the exception of the access road, will
remain undisturbed and in its natural state.

The stations will be designed to comply with the applicable Canadian standards, keying on human safety and
protection of the environment.

Once complete, the stations will be monitored and maintained in a manner consistent with current best practices.
This will ensure that the pump stations provide safe and reliable service throughout the life of the Project.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-005
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
PIPELINE INTEGRITY AND SAFETY FACT SHEET From building and testing to monitoring and maintaining - pipelines are one of the safest and most efficient energy transport
systems. To protect the public and the environment, safety is built into every step of the Northern Gateway pipeline
construction and operations. All applicable industry standards and government regulations will be met or exceeded. The
Northern Gateway Project will maintain an aggressive pipeline integrity maintenance program and continual pipeline
monitoring to ensure the environmentally responsible and safe operation of all its pipelines.
Monitoring Pipelines
The pipelines are carefully and continuously monitored and controlled 24/7 from Enbridge’s control centre:


Every hour of every day the integrity of our pipelines is electronically monitored using our Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) computer systems and our Material Balance System (MBS) that can detect even small
releases.
Systems collect data from strategically located meters and sensors and calculate the volume of liquid hydrocarbons
in the pipelines systems. If irregularities are detected, the MBS sounds an alarm.
Pipeline Integrity Program
We monitor the strength of the pipelines through our pipeline integrity management program. This program encompasses
the tools, technologies and strategies needed to ensure that our pipelines have the operating fitness to perform safely,
reliably and in an environmentally responsible manner. Our pipeline integrity management program involves:

expert field technicians

a robust corrosion prevention program (including protective coatings and cathodic protection for all of our pipelines)

the best in-line inspection tools on the market which allow us to detect frequency and location of even minute
changes in the walls of the pipeline

patrolling the line using aircrafts, land vehicles or foot patrols

a line pressure monitor alarm system

pipeline depth monitoring program

investigative excavations

slope stability monitoring

annual soil surveys

using inline devices known as "pigs" to clean and inspect pipelines from the inside

using high quality pipeline materials
Through these various means, data is collected to determine which section of the pipeline may need to be repaired. When a
pipeline needs to be repaired, the damaged section of the pipeline is excavated, evaluated and repaired, replacing its
protective coating at the same time. A full pipe replacement is seldom necessary.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-006
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
PIPELINE INTEGRITY AND SAFETY FACT SHEET Prevention
Pipeline safety and reliability begins with prevention. This means recognizing conditions that have been known to cause
failures in the past – then working to minimize the risk. It means adopting ‘the most’ advanced leak prevention technologies
available, following environmentally sound construction practices, taking a proactive approach to pipeline testing and repair
and reporting leaks or spills in accordance with requirements of regulatory authorities in Canada and the U.S.
Enbridge’s constant monitoring and inspections check for corrosion, cracks or other defects. If an inspection alerts us to a
serious defect, Enbridge follows up by carrying out the necessary inspections or integrity digs in the field. Each dig involves
digging up a section of buried line to verify a problem and, if needed, repairing the defect, recoating the pipe and reburying
the line.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-006
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
GEOTECHNICAL WORK FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project has engaged pipeline engineering, tunneling and geotechnical experts familiar with the
conditions in northern BC to carry out geotechnical (scientific study of the land) evaluations. These geotechnical evaluations
in combination with pipeline route selection will be used to understand the measures needed to either avoid or minimize
exposure of the pipelines and associated facilities to potential issues.

These geotechnical evaluations will ensure that:

The pipeline route avoids, where possible, land subject to geotechnical issues.
Appropriate measures are used to ensure that the pipelines are properly designed to meet pipeline integrity, operational
safety and environmental considerations.
Pipeline Route Selection
While selecting the pipeline route engineers attempted to avoid, where possible, land subject to geotechnical issues. For
example, the pipeline route runs along the west side of the lower Kitimat River valley and therefore avoids areas on the east
side of the valley that have sensitive marine clays beneath them. The route also avoids crossing any active fault lines.
Following the selection of the initial pipeline route, further work and field studies were done, and the route was revised at
specific locations to avoid or limit exposure of the pipelines and associated facilities to geotechnical issues such as unstable
slopes, rock falls and avalanches. For example:

The Athabasca River crossing location was revised to avoid a deep-seated landslide on the north valley slope.

The Simonette River crossing location was revised to avoid unstable valley slopes.

The Smoky River crossing location was revised to avoid deep-seated landslides on the east valley slopes.

The Wapiti River crossing location was revised to avoid extensive instability on the east slope of the river valley.

The Stuart River crossing location was revised to avoid deep-seated landslides on the east and west walls of the
river valley.

The Morice River crossing location was revised to avoid landslides on both sides of the river valley and to remove a
crossing of the Thautil River.

The Coast Mountains segment of the pipeline route was revised to improve constructability and operability of the
pipelines, and to avoid or limit exposure of the pipelines to the geotechnical and topographical issues in this region.
Specifically, two tunnels, approximately 6.5 km and 6.6 km long, will be installed to route the pipelines through the
Coast Mountains.

The Chist Creek to Iron Mountain segment of the pipeline route was revised to avoid sensitive marine clays in the
area.
Geotechnical Considerations and Standard Mitigation Measures
The table on the following pages identifies the primary geotechnical considerations associated with the pipeline route that
were addressed during the engineering phase so that the pipelines were properly designed to meet pipeline integrity,
operational safety and environmental considerations.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-007
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 4
GEOTECHNICAL WORK FACT SHEET Primary Geotechnical Considerations and Standard Prevention Measures
Primary Geotechnical
Considerations
Deep seated slides
Shallow to moderately deep
slides
Rock falls and rock toppling
Debris flows
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-007
January 12, 2011
Standard Prevention Measures

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid deep seated slides

install ground and surface water control

install berm (level space between two areas) and riprap
(rocks used to prevent soil erosion)

site monitoring

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid slides

install ground and surface water control

design cuts and fills to minimize instability

install anchors, shotcrete (sprayable concrete), or
mechanical stabilized earth

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid rock falls

design rock cuts to minimize instability

install stabilization measures, including scaling,
anchoring, shotcrete, and mesh

install rock fall protection measures, including berms,
catchment areas and ditches

install reinforced concrete slabs over pipelines in selected
areas

remove potential problem boulders on slopes

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid debris flows

locate above ground structures away from alluvial fans
(fan shaped deposits of water transported sediment) and
streams subject to debris flow

install pipelines at a deeper depth in selected areas

install concrete coated pipe in selected areas

install debris flow berms

monitor weather and snow melt conditions during
construction in areas subject to debris flows, and remove
personnel and equipment if necessary

set temporary bridges to appropriate elevations on debris
flow streams during construction
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 4
GEOTECHNICAL WORK FACT SHEET Primary Geotechnical
Considerations
Standard Prevention Measures

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid avalanches

consider avalanche issues when locating key facilities
such as tunnel portals that will require year round
construction

conduct avalanche monitoring and control during
construction

conduct avalanche monitoring and control where required
during operations

install pipeline at a deeper depth or install a concrete
coated pipe in locations prone to avalanche caused
avulsion (change in course of a body of water)

design cuts and fills to minimize sedimentation and
erosion

install ground and surface water control

avoid diversion of surface water flows along the pipeline

install silt fencing and temporary water control, revegetate
disturbed areas

install sedimentation ponds, sediment collection berms
and filtration berms in selected areas

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid karst formations

locate pipelines and facilities to avoid ARD

conduct visual assessment followed by sampling and
analysis, when required, during construction

implement prevention measures, including disposal, in
designated areas where oxidation will be avoided
(capped or under water), mixing with buffer material and
shotcreting of bedrock surfaces

ARD prevention protocols will conform with Guidelines for
Metal Leaching and Acid Rock Drainage at Mine Sites in
British Columbia
Avalanches
Sedimentation and erosion
Karst
[A feature created on the
Earth's surface by the drainage
of water into the ground or by
its discharge at springs.]
Acid rock drainage (ARD)
[The outflow of acidic water
from areas where the earth has
been disturbed.]
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-007
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 3 of 4
GEOTECHNICAL WORK FACT SHEET Primary Geotechnical
Considerations
Standard Prevention Measures

locate pipelines and facilities away from areas of potential
liquefaction (process by which saturated, unconsolidated
sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like
a liquid).

design pipelines and facilities to current seismic standards

locate the pipelines and facilities away from areas of
potentially sensitive marine clays

conduct detailed stability analysis during detailed
engineering

locate facilities away from areas of high tsunami risk

design facilities to limit potential tsunami impacts
Seismicity
Marine clays
Tsunamis
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-03-007
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 4 of 4
COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project is committed to meaningful and open conversations with stakeholders and interested
parties, including communities and private landowners, and Aboriginal interests in both Alberta and British Columbia. We
believe that the stakeholder information received can improve the Project by gaining local knowledge, insight and
recommendations from people living along the proposed pipeline corridor, as well as others potentially affected by the
Project.
Northern Gateway began the public consultation program for the Project in 2002 with intent to:

provide information about the Project

identify issues, listen to concerns and answer questions

obtain input into environmental assessment and design

obtain input into economic and community benefits

include input into project design, planning construction and operations

establish a community-based forum, in the form of Community Advisory Boards, for stakeholder participation and
input throughout the life of the Project
To date, many changes have been made as a result of stakeholder input, including significant modifications to the pipeline
route and pump station locations; and safety enhancements that go beyond regulatory requirements relating to the Project’s
proposed Kitimat Terminal and marine operations.
Past and current public consultation initiatives:

Community Presentations: Project representatives are actively engaged with community leaders and
organizations through two-way dialogue and face-to-face meetings. Since 2002, representatives have met with
communities and given over 300 presentations.

Open Houses and Technical Meetings: Northern Gateway has hosted over 40 public open houses and/or
meetings between 2005 and 2010. Open houses provide the public with the opportunity to learn about the Project,
speak with Northern Gateway representatives, and voice their comments and concerns. At open houses, the public
receives project information by way of information displays, models, handouts, maps, technical presentations, and
videos. It is also an opportunity for those in attendance to ask questions directly of Enbridge technical specialists.

Regional and Provincial Conferences: Project team members regularly attend regional and provincial
conferences as an opportunity for Northern Gateway team members to hear and address concerns face-to-face
with community leaders, while providing up-to-date project information.

Community Advisory Boards (CABs): Established in response to a desire by stakeholders, Aboriginal peoples
and interested parties for a meeting space to share information about the proposed pipeline project with other
members of the community, as well as with representatives from Northern Gateway. The CABs will be in place for
the entire lifetime of the Project.

Community Investment: Northern Gateway is committed to investing in the communities where we live and work.
We will add value in the community by investing in initiatives that coincide with our six areas of focus for community
development: Arts & Culture, Community Leadership, Lifelong Learning, Natural Legacy, Safe Community and
School Plus.

Regional Offices: In addition to establishing an office in Calgary, AB, Northern Gateway opened offices in
Vancouver and Kitimat, BC in 2008.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-04-001
March 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT FACT SHEET Employment, Training and Business Initiatives
Northern Gateway established a Community Skills and Employment Initiatives program in 2006. This program focuses
upon:

implementing a skills and employment development plan

creating co-funding initiatives with government agencies

creating education and training opportunities for local communities and Aboriginal groups along the pipeline
corridor

building training and education partnerships with government, unions, trade and technical associations, postsecondary institutions, Aboriginal education authorities, and local school authorities
Information Outreach
Another important component of Northern Gateway’s public engagement program is to provide timely and current
information. Project information (topics based largely on public request) is continually being produced, updated, and
distributed. The following are some of the current outreach tools being used:

Print Material: These materials include letters, brochures, newspaper inserts and advertisements, newsletters
(hardcopy and electronic), fact sheets, technical discussion guides, maps, and regulatory updates.

Website: The Northern Gateway website provides timely and up-to-date information to the public as it becomes
available.

Mailouts: Postal mail is delivered to thousands of identified stakeholders and may include the print material listed
above.

Electronic Mail: Northern Gateway has an e-news distribution list which has over 11,000 individual e-mail
contacts. Updated project information is sent to this list.

Social Media: Northern Gateway has active profiles on Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, YouTube and Flickr.

Videos and Commercials: Our series of video productions is available on our website and YouTube.

Toll Free Number and E-mail Account: The toll free number and general email address enable interested parties
to leave a message with the information they are seeking. Project representatives contact interested parties with
more information or put them in touch with the appropriate person. The toll free information number is
1-888-434-0533 and the general email address is [email protected].
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-04-001
March 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARDS FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project Community Advisory Boards (CABs) were established in response to a desire by
stakeholders, Aboriginal peoples and interested parties for a meeting space to share information about the proposed
pipeline project with other members of the community, as well as with representatives from Northern Gateway. Through
regional CABs and topic-specific working groups, the CAB process encourages ongoing in-depth discussion and
collaborative problem-solving about stakeholder concerns.
CAB Background
In early 2009, approximately 1,000 organizations, representing a variety of interests, including: environmental nongovernment organizations (ENGOs), recreation, guide outfitters and hunters and trappers, community service, municipal
and Aboriginal were asked about their continued interest in the proposed pipeline and the concept of a CAB.
The CAB process complements the many other NGP engagement initiatives which include community open houses, local
presentations and meetings, career and employment workshops, the establishment of local offices, a project website, NGP
social media networks and a toll-free number.
CABs will be in place for the entire lifetime of the project.
CAB Process
The CABs occur within five geographic areas that are along the proposed pipeline route, marine route and potentially
impacted areas:
1) BC North Coastal (Kitimat)
2) BC North West (Smithers/Terrace)
3) BC North Central (Prince George)
4) Peace Country (Grande Prairie)
5) AB North Central (Edmonton)
CAB participants developed a Terms of Reference and Operational Guidelines from which to operate, and work together.
Discussion topics include mitigation of environmental impact, maximization of community benefits, oil sands development,
watercourse crossings, marine transport and tanker traffic, disruption of fish and wildlife, ecosystem protection and oil spills.
Each CAB meets quarterly to identify and discuss its priorities. Additionally, representatives from each of the five CABs
meet semi-annually at a Sharing Table to exchange information among regions.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-04-002
March 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
COMMUNITY ADVISORY BOARDS FACT SHEET CAB Membership

CAB membership was formalized in each region on March 31, 2010.

Members designated one alternate to represent them when unavailable to attend meetings. Current member
representation is as follows:
o
Aboriginal communities and organizations;
o
local governments;
o
environmental non-government organizations;
o
non-governmental community-based organizations;
o
economic and labour development organizations;
o
social and public service providers;
o
other terrestrial interests (trappers, guides, ecotourism operators, and representatives from other industries
such as forestry, fisheries, agriculture, etc.)
o
other marine interests (marine management, fisheries, commercial, recreational and Aboriginal fisheries,
aquaculture industry, marine parks and protected areas, tourism, guides and ecotourism operators, and
recreation).

Membership terms are 1-3 years with an option for renewal.

Replacements or new applications to join a CAB are made in writing.
Attending a Meeting

CAB meetings are open to anyone who may wish to attend the proceedings as observers

Observers are given an opportunity to speak upon completion of the meeting’s agenda items.
For information on attending a CAB meeting, or if you wish to receive further information on the CAB process, please
contact the CAB Planning Team at [email protected] or toll free 1-888-434-0533.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-04-002
March 17, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
NORTHERN GATEWAY ALLIANCE FACT SHEET Northern Gateway Alliance
The Northern Gateway Alliance is a community coalition that has been established to support the regulatory review of the
Northern Gateway project. The Alliance will provide an opportunity for people in corridor communities and elsewhere to
share information about the project, the regulatory review process and how people can participate in the review process.
The Alliance is chaired by Colin Kinsley, the former Mayor of Prince George. Colin was appointed Chairman in
January 2009. He has spent 22 years in public service in Northern BC first as a council member in Prince George and then
as Mayor from 1996 – 2008. During this time Colin also participated on a number of provincial and federal Boards,
Committees and Advisory Groups dealing with issues such as the softwood lumber trade dispute, municipal finance,
mountain pine beetle epidemic and rural and remote health in Canada. Colin is paid by Enbridge as Chair of the Alliance.
The position is a part-time contract position. Other costs to support the Alliance are also paid by Enbridge.
The Northern Gateway Alliance supports the public review of project benefits including:

If approved, Northern Gateway can become a means for economic growth across northern BC and northern
Alberta.

The Project would deliver billions of dollars in new capital investment, create thousands of jobs during construction
and result in creation of over 500 direct, indirect and induced permanent jobs. The Project would provide long
lasting benefits for First Nations communities along the Project corridor.
The Alliance understands that the Northern Gateway project is the most ambitious pipeline project proposal in North
America and supports it being reviewed by the Joint Review Panel mandated by the Minister of the Environment and the
National Energy Board. The Alliance believes that all voices should be heard through the regulatory review process.
For more information on the Northern Gateway Alliance visit:
www.northerngatewayalliance.ca
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-04-003
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
ABORIGINAL ENGAGEMENT FACT SHEET The future of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project rests with the communities of the North. We are committed to
working with Aboriginal groups along the pipeline route to create meaningful economic opportunities and to incorporate
traditional knowledge into the planning and operations of the project.
Enbridge has a long history of working with Aboriginal groups and has put in place a detailed Aboriginal policy that identifies
paths to mutual success. We have embraced a new relationship with Aboriginal peoples across Canada and recognize
Aboriginal rights.
Through implementation of the Aboriginal engagement program, Northern Gateway is committed to working with Aboriginal
groups to provide them with information about the Project, answer project-related questions, identify and address issues
and concerns, and obtain community input for incorporation into project planning activities and the environmental and socioeconomic assessment (ESA).
Information gathered through the Aboriginal engagement program will enable Northern Gateway to improve the Project by
avoiding, reducing or mitigating, wherever reasonable and feasible, potential adverse effects of the Project and enhancing
positive effects of the Project on Aboriginal interests.
Design of the Aboriginal Engagement Program
Northern Gateway’s Aboriginal engagement1 program is designed to build and maintain effective working relationships with
Aboriginal groups who may be affected by the Project. The objectives of the program are to:

identify and engage Aboriginal groups or Métis regions located within 80 km of the project corridor and the Kitimat
Terminal or whose traditional territory may overlap with the project corridor (the engagement area)

understand the interest in project engagement of Aboriginal groups located outside the engagement area

provide timely information about the Project to facilitate meaningful opportunities for input into project planning,
design, construction and operations

initiate opportunities for Aboriginal groups to share their traditional knowledge of lands potentially affected by the
Project and to identify interests and concerns regarding the Project

provide information on the ways in which Aboriginal group concerns have been considered, taken into account or
acted on, as appropriate, by Northern Gateway in the design and planning, design, construction and operations of
the Project

engage in ongoing dialogue with Aboriginal groups throughout the various stages of the Project

enter into protocol or capacity agreements, as well as other agreements related to the Project

provide Aboriginal groups with opportunities to derive sustainable benefits from project-related activities that arise
throughout project development, construction and operations

enable Northern Gateway to avoid or mitigate potential adverse effects and enhance positive effects of the Project
on Aboriginal interests wherever reasonable and feasible
1 Aboriginal engagement refers broadly to the contact, communication and consultation efforts with Aboriginal groups.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-001
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
ABORIGINAL ENGAGEMENT FACT SHEET Principles and Goals for Aboriginal Engagement
The goal of the Aboriginal engagement program is to inform, educate, engage and learn from participating Aboriginal
groups in the planning, design and construction of the Project, by providing transparent information that addresses
Aboriginal group concerns. This includes information related to environmental stewardship and Northern Gateway’s plan to
establish sustainable community benefits and economic business opportunities in Aboriginal communities.
Northern Gateway’s Aboriginal engagement program is based on principles to:

engage Aboriginal groups early in the development of the Project and continue engagement through the regulatory
process, as well as during and after construction

provide Aboriginal groups with project information in a timely and culturally sensitive manner so they can consider
the information when determining their interests in the Project

provide opportunities for Aboriginal groups to identify issues and concerns and provide input

provide opportunities for Northern Gateway to respond to issues and concerns to avoid, reduce or mitigate, as
appropriate, effects of the Project on Aboriginal interests and where appropriate, increase benefits to the group to
address such effects

provide opportunities for Aboriginal groups to identify environmental effects of the Project on Aboriginal interests

provide opportunities for Aboriginal groups to assess the effects of the Project on traditional use

facilitate an understanding of the results of the environmental assessment process

identify and pursue Aboriginal group participation in the Project through community and economic development
initiatives

provide capacity funding to assist Aboriginal groups meet these principles and also to support their participation in
the regulatory and environmental assessment process
In applying these principles and goals to Aboriginal engagement, Northern Gateway has been mindful to respect cultural
differences among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities, varying levels of capacity among Aboriginal groups along
the project corridor, and the need for fair treatment relative to issues such as project benefits.
Throughout all phases of the Project, Aboriginal groups are encouraged to provide comment on all aspects of Northern
Gateway’s project planning, design, construction and operations.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-001
January 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
ABORIGINAL BENEFITS FACT SHEET Ensuring Long-Term Benefits for Aboriginal Communities
A reality of building major projects today is being able to work with neighbouring Aboriginal communities to ensure they
have a meaningful opportunity to participate and to benefit.
We have used the community input we have received from consultation efforts that began in 2002 to develop a package of
economic benefits for the Aboriginal communities along the route. We’ve looked really hard at finding ways of engaging
First Nations and Métis communities irrespective of their current level of experience with pipelines and the industry.
Ensuring a positive long-term impact on the economy and way of life of northern residents, particularly Aboriginal
communities, is paramount to us.
Our commitments address the need to protect the local environment, create local and regional economic opportunities and
foster long-term sustainability. Long-term sustainability can be summarized by three key objectives:
1. Assuring the long-term environmental protection of the regions neighbouring the Project
2. Providing lasting benefits to strengthen and diversify regional economies
3. Enhancing the quality of life of residents in these regions, particularly those in Aboriginal communities
Aboriginal Equity Ownership
The most significant way in which Aboriginal people can benefit from the Project is by owning a stake in it and sharing in the
net income it produces. Eligible Aboriginal communities will have an opportunity to enter into a long-term equity partnership
with Northern Gateway that will last the life of the pipeline.

Access to 10% of the equity ownership in the $5.5 billion project

Provision of full financing to Aboriginal equity owners i.e. to ensure that a lack of financing will not become a barrier
to long-term partnership.

The equity offering will be made to all eligible communities within three geographic regions: Alberta; B.C. Interior;
and Coastal B.C.
The long-term financial benefits for participating Aboriginal shareholders will be significant. Aggregate equity ownership is
expected to generate approximately $280 million in net income to neighbouring Aboriginal communities, over the first 30
years. Aboriginal shareholders will see this income within the first year of operations. Through equity ownership, Aboriginal
communities will be able to generate a significant new revenue stream that could help support the priorities of their
members.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-002
February 9, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 4
ABORIGINAL BENEFITS FACT SHEET Procurement
Procurement opportunities will be comprised of:

Direct awards to Northern Gateway

Direct awards to prime contractors

Joint ventures participation

Services that can be managed via Aboriginal “set asides”1
We have identified the following key participation opportunities for Aboriginal businesses:
Clear, log, salvage
Access roads
Camps and catering
Security
Concrete weights
Skids and mats
Stockpiling
Trucking
Reclamation
Fuel Supply
Consumables
Surveying
Air Charter
Another part of our plan will be to identify and inventory potential Aboriginal suppliers of these services within targeted
communities and to ensure Aboriginal suppliers are qualified for direct opportunities.
Aboriginal business involvement in construction activities will be dependent upon community capacity and desire to
participate. We are currently entering into commercial memorandums of understanding to ensure interested communities
are able to fully participate.
Northern Gateway anticipates that combined employment, procurement and joint venture opportunities will reach
approximately $400 million in value over the three years during construction.
Marine Services Portfolio
Northern Gateway is currently evaluating the prospect of supporting one or more Joint Ventures between Coastal Aboriginal
communities and established Marine Services Providers.
Arising from current efforts, both employment and progressive business ownership is expected in relation to marine
services activity such as:

Escort tugs

Berthing tugs

Mooring boats

Advance spotter boats

Regional first response

Environmental monitoring
The value of the employment and future business ownership opportunities on the coast is estimated to be approximately
$200 million.
Note1: Competition among qualified Aboriginal businesses at regionally competitive rates.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-002
February 9, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 4
ABORIGINAL BENEFITS FACT SHEET Employment
Northern Gateway is committed to hiring local people to construct the Project along the pipeline route to the greatest degree
practical. Overall, Northern Gateway expects to create 62,700 person-years of construction employment throughout
Canada over the 3-year construction period of which 24% will occur in Alberta and 57% will occur in BC.
Aboriginal people will comprise approximately 15% of construction labour. Northern Gateway will work to identify direct and
indirect employment opportunities suitable for members of neighbouring Aboriginal communities.
Project operations will directly employ 104 regional residents and 20% of these jobs are expected to go to Aboriginal
candidates.
Training
In order to fulfill our commitments to optimizing Aboriginal participation in the Project, Northern Gateway will focus on
training that will enable realization of procurement and employment objectives and lead to sustainable employment long
after the pipelines project is completed.
The Northern Gateway Skills and Employment Initiatives team will collaborate with training providers, government sponsors
and applicable trade unions to ensure Aboriginal participants get quality training in time to meet project recruitment
requirements. Northern Gateway will also ensure prime contractors implement similar initiatives as part of our contract with
them.
Northern Gateway is committed to giving British Columbians and Albertans skills training opportunities related to the
project. For local and Aboriginal communities, our approach includes:

Working with the community as an ally to support their vision of education, employment and business opportunities

Building partnerships to strengthen skills and education training

Understanding the community’s needs and how they may contribute to and benefit from the project

Building training plans with communities based on opportunities before, during and after construction

Supporting programs that promote transferable and essential skills

Supporting the development of as many community resource people as possible

Providing communities clear labour market information that relates to the project

Educating communities about pipeline projects
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-002
February 9, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 3 of 4
ABORIGINAL BENEFITS FACT SHEET Northern Gateway Community Trust
A Community Trust will be established for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities with a commitment of 1% pre-tax
domestic profit to support the trust, measured on a five year rolling average basis.
It is anticipated that the trust will generate over $100 million dollars over the 30-year economic life of the Project to help
fund community initiatives in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities.
Aboriginal communities along the right-of-way will also have access to existing Enbridge stewardship and habitat protection
initiatives such as Neutral Footprint Program, Natural Legacy, School Plus, and Safe Community (as applicable).
All of these benefits and opportunities are determined on the basis of the project scope and unclassified capital cost estimate as
described in the May 27, 2010 regulatory application filing with the National Energy Board ($5.5B). When the project advances to the full
execution phase, a rigorous and comprehensive classified capital cost estimate will be completed. This classified estimate will result in a
revision of the opportunity values prior to commencement of the procurement and construction of Northern Gateway. Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-002
February 9, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 4 of 4
ABORIGINAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE FACT SHEET The Enbridge Northern Gateway Project will cross or be adjacent to the traditional lands of over 60 Aboriginal communities.
The project team has extended opportunities to these Aboriginal groups to undertake Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge
(ATK) studies along the proposed pipeline corridor. ATK studies will help Aboriginal groups and Enbridge gain an
understanding of, and document, anticipated project effects on traditional lands, waters, resources and activities, and to
identify possible mitigation strategies.
Regulatory Context
Consideration of ATK is required by the National Energy Board (NEB) as well as the Canadian Environmental Assessment
Act.
The NEB Filing Manual provides that if “the project will be located on, or traverse, Crown land or the traditional territory,
reserve land or settlement area of an Aboriginal group,” detailed information on traditional land and resource use is
required, including:

a description of current land use by Aboriginal groups for traditional purposes in the study area

identification of potentially affected Aboriginal groups, the spatial and temporal extent of their current use, and how
the Project would affect that use

a description of the methodology used to collect traditional use information and a listing of the Aboriginal groups
contacted

evidence that the Aboriginal groups that participated in the collection of traditional use information had the
opportunity to review the information collected and the proposed mitigation, including any comments from the
Aboriginal participants on the information and proposed mitigation
The Joint Review Panel1 Agreement for Northern Gateway also requires that ATK be obtained and incorporated in the
project application.
ATK Program Overview
The ATK program is an important component of Northern Gateway’s overall Aboriginal engagement activities. The ATK
program focus has been on Aboriginal groups with communities within 80 km of the proposed right-of-way (ROW), as well
as Coastal Aboriginal groups with interests in the area of the Kitimat Terminal and the confined channel assessment area.
Each aboriginal group has the option of preparing an independent community report or working collaboratively with
Northern Gateway’s ATK team. Depending on the Aboriginal group and its familiarity with ATK studies, Northern Gateway
offers training and support, as required.
1
The Joint Review Panel is a three member panel appointed by the Minister of the Environment and the National Energy Board to lead the public review
of the Project.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-003
December 16, 2010
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
ABORIGINAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE FACT SHEET The ATK community reports serve to:

provide the Aboriginal group’s perspective of potential effects of the Project on traditional lands and activities
(including cultural, social and economic effects)

provide information about the potential effects of the Project, including biophysical, cultural and socio-economic

provide mitigation recommendations for potential effects on traditional uses

provide information to aid in project planning and design, and reduce potential conflict between an Aboriginal
community’s goals, use and well-being, and development plans for the Project

support long-term relationship building between Northern Gateway and Aboriginal communities potentially affected
by the Project

contribute to building ATK program capacity within Aboriginal communities
ATK Program Status
Northern Gateway’s ATK program stages along the proposed corridor, ranges from initial engagement and discussions
about program scope to ATK study completion and release of results to Northern Gateway. Most of the more than 60
Aboriginal groups identified for engagement have been offered the opportunity to participate in the ATK program. Of the
more than 60 Aboriginal communities and groups in proximity to the pipeline corridor, more than half are currently involved
in scoping or undertaking a study, or have completed an ATK community report for the Project. As of August 2010, 18 ATK
studies were complete and another 15 were underway.
Overall Findings
ATK community reports available to date indicate the following potential project effects:

potential economic opportunities associated with the Project

disturbance to specific traditional use sites and areas along the right-of-way, including harvesting areas for food,
ceremonies and traditional activities

potential effects of spills on the environment and on traditional use areas

access management (providing continued access to Aboriginal community members while preventing increased
access to recreational users)

potential effects on key ecological features, such as wetlands, lakes and streams and the associated effects on
wildlife and fish habitat and species

potential effects on vegetation (disturbance of medicinal plants, ROW clearing, maintenance and use of herbicides,
reclamation practices)
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-05-003
December 16, 2010
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS FACT SHEET The environmental assessment for the Northern Gateway Pipeline Project is a detailed examination of the potential effects
on the environment associated with the construction, operation and decommissioning of the:

Oil and condensate pipelines and associated infrastructure

The Kitimat terminal

Marine transportation
The assessment addresses the potential environmental effects of routine activities, as well as possible disturbance
conditions, including oil spills.
Environmental Assessment Methods
The environmental effects assessment method:

Considers the mandatory and discretionary factors that are required under Section 16 of the Canadian
Environmental Assessment Act;

focuses on issues of greatest concern;

considers all federal and provincial regulatory requirements;

considers issues raised by the regulators, participating Aboriginal groups and public stakeholders; and

integrates project design and programs for prevention and monitoring into a comprehensive environmental plan.
The environmental assessment focuses on specific environmental components (called valued environmental components
or VECs). Environmental components are typically selected for assessment based on regulatory issues and guidelines,
consultation with regulators, participating Aboriginal groups and stakeholders, field reconnaissance and the professional
judgement of the study team.
Environmental Assessment Steps
The environmental effects assessment involves the following steps:

Scoping: a plan for the environmental assessment is developed which includes a description of the boundaries
and the standards that will be used to determine the environmental effects.

Assessment of project-related environmental effects: this includes how an environmental effect will occur,
proposed protection measures to reduce or eliminate the environmental effects, and evaluation of the lasting
environmental effects of the Project for each development phase.

Identification of overlapping environmental effects: environmental effects of other projects and activities that
overlap with those of the Project are identified.

Evaluation of cumulative environmental effects: the lasting environmental effects of the Project are evaluated in
combination with other past and future projects.

Determination of significance: the importance of the environmental effects is determined.

Follow-up and monitoring: follow-up and monitoring is required to verify environmental effects predictions and
assess the effectiveness of prevention measures.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-001
January 12, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
WILDLIFE MITIGATION FACT SHEET General Effects and Mitigation
The Enbridge Northern Gateway Project has developed measures to avoid, reduce, or mitigate potential Project effects on
wildlife during the construction and operation of the pipelines and Terminal.
Three main types of potential effects have been identified as follows:

Reduced wildlife habitat (as natural areas are cleared for construction or through sensory disturbance)

Changes in wildlife movement patterns (particularly along the right-of-way “ROW”)

Mortality (from potential vehicle collisions or illegal hunting activities)
Mitigation measures include (but are not limited to):

Reduce disturbance by routing the ROW along areas where other infrastructure development already exists (e.g.,
roads, seismic lines and pipelines)

Use existing access roads wherever possible

Limit the area cleared for temporary workspace and then re-vegetate these areas using native species

Protect wetlands using a variety of measures:
o
using existing water course crossings where possible
o
minimizing disturbance of soil and sedimentation
o
reclaiming areas to the pre-construction profile
o
allowing wetlands to regenerate naturally
o
monitoring effectiveness of wetland reclamation, making adjustments as necessary

Survey important wildlife habitat features (grizzly bear dens, nests of sensitive bird species, dens of other animals,
mineral licks [i.e. salt licks], and elk migratory paths) and implement measures such as construction setbacks to
avoid them

Maintain habitat connections between key forested areas, where possible, by placing coarse woody debris on the
ROW after construction or facilitating the re-growth of vegetation along the ROW

Track and report all wildlife incidents (wildlife vehicle collisions, bear encounters or problems) and engage the
appropriate wildlife authority as required
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-003
January 5, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
WILDLIFE MITIGATION FACT SHEET Additional Protection Measures for Some Key Species
Grizzly Bear

Develop food and waste storage protocols to avoid attracting wildlife to camps and work sites

Develop and implement protocols for avoiding and managing bear-human conflicts

Avoid sensory disturbance in identified key habitat areas (winter denning and spring feeding areas)

To minimize risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions, discourage bear use of the ROW near transportation corridors by
planting non-palatable natural vegetation

Explore additional protection measure opportunities by consulting with other infrastructure development projects
(such as construction of roads, seismic lines, and other ROWs) in the area to reduce the density of linear features
Woodland Caribou

Reduce line of sight along the ROW

Minimize the length of the open trench and fence where falling hazards have been identified

Maintain gaps in windrows (a row of cut hay or small grain crop allowed to dry before being baled) and raised pipes

Minimize land disturbances within woodland caribou's preferred late winter foraging habitat

Avoid sensory disturbance in key habitat areas during the winter season where feeding may be limited

Explore opportunities, in consultation with land managers, First Nations and public stakeholders, to reduce the
density of linear features
Mountain Goat

Follow aircraft flight guidelines to avoid disturbing goats

Avoid clearing and construction during sensitive timing windows

Implement mountain goat setbacks. These setbacks vary by goat range and include:
o
avoiding road access within at least of 500 m of goat ranges
o
limiting ground-based industrial development within at least 500 m of identified goat winter ranges
o
limiting aerial-based industrial activities within a 2,000 m line-of-sight of goat winter ranges
Migratory Birds

Clear natural vegetation outside of the breeding season
Trumpeter Swans

Implement setbacks around identified trumpeter swan lakes, avoiding long-term development (roads, pipelines, and
infrastructure) within 500 metres of the high water mark of the lake
Northern Gateway is committed to implementing wildlife setbacks. However there will be cases where this is not possible.
Where disturbance is unavoidable, Northern Gateway will consult with appropriate regulator(s) and interested and affected
Aboriginal groups to discuss best possible options and management strategies.
For a complete list of wildlife mitigation measures, see Volume 6A: Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment, Table 9-10.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-003
January 5, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project will provide numerous benefits to the residents of northern BC and Alberta.
Benefits include:

employment

skills development

procurements opportunities

contributions to the community and province though a secure tax base
With an estimated capital cost of $5.5 billion, Northern Gateway will create thousands of job opportunities for regional
residents throughout the project construction and operations, while providing approximately $912 million in tax revenues
during construction.
Project Employment

Project construction will create about 62,700 person-years of employment over a three-year construction phase.
This includes:
o
5,537 person-years of employment on actual on-site construction.
o
17,227 person-years of employment in companies that directly supply goods and services needed for
construction.
o
39,930 person-years of spin-off employment (indirect economic activity).

During peak construction, between 2,000 and 3,000 workers will be directly employed to construct the pipeline and
facilities.

Regional residents are expected to account for 66% of direct construction employment of which Aboriginal
residents, contractors and companies will account for 38%.

Permanent project operations will directly employ 104 people at various locations throughout Alberta and
British Columbia, including 52 workers in Kitimat. Regional residents are expected to be hired for all direct
operational jobs.

Directly and through economic spin-offs, project operations will create 1,146 jobs across Canada.
o
561 jobs in British Columbia
o
379 jobs in Alberta
o
206 jobs in other parts of Canada

In addition, another 113 people will be employed to support the operation of the Kitimat Terminal, including tug
operators, pilots, emergency response staff and various other service providers.

Direct project employment will provide $10 million in wages and benefits.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-004
March 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FACT SHEET Project Construction

Project construction will be spread over 4.5 years and will cost $5,541 million (2009 $).

Peak construction activity will occur in 2015 and 2016.

The project is expected to operate for 30 years with average annual operating costs of $192 million.

Project spending during this period will increase economic activity in Canada (as measured in terms of Gross
Domestic Product or GDP) by $6,275 million This includes:
o
$2,998 million resulting from direct project spending.
o
$3,277 million in economic spin-offs (indirect and induced economic activity).

Operational spending is estimated to annually generate $203 million in GDP, including direct effects and economic
spin-offs (indirect and induced effects) .

About 55% of GDP effects will occur in British Columbia, 29% will occur in Alberta and the balance (16%) will occur
in other parts of Canada.

Operations will generate about $36 million per year in property taxes. Annual tax payments to the federal and
provincial governments will total about $86 million.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-004
March 14, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR BC FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project will provide numerous benefits to the residents of British Colombia. These benefits include:

employment

skills development

procurements opportunities

contributions to the community and province though a secure tax base
With an estimated capital cost of $5.5 billion, the NGP will create thousands of job opportunities for regional residents
throughout the project construction and operations, while providing approximately $913 million in tax revenues during
construction.
Project Employment

Project construction will create about 35,444 person-years of employment over the period from 2009 to 2017. This
includes:
o
4,096 person-years of employment on actual on-site construction
o
10,894 person-years of employment in companies that directly supply goods and services needed for
construction
o
20,454 person-years of spin-off employment (indirect and induced economic activity)

During peak construction, about 2,208 workers will be directly employed to construct the pipeline and facilities.

Regional residents are expected to account for 63% of direct construction employment of which Aboriginal
residents, contractors and companies will account for 45%.

Permanent operations will directly employ 78 people at various locations throughout British Columbia, including 52
workers in the Kitimat area. Regional residents are expected to be hired for all direct operational jobs.

Directly and through economic spin-offs (indirect effects), project operations will create 561 jobs in British
Columbia.

In addition, another 113 people will be employed to support the operation of the Kitimat Terminal, including tug
operators, pilots, emergency response staff and various other service providers.

Direct project employment in British Columbia will provide $7.7 million in wages and benefits.

The British Columbia government is expected to receive $166 million in tax revenues during construction. This
includes business and personal taxes.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-005
January 6, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR BC FACT SHEET Project Construction

Project construction in British Columbia will be spread over 4.5 years and will cost $3,962 million (2009). This
represents 72% of project costs. Peak construction activity will occur in 2015 and 2016.

Project spending during this period will increase economic activity in British Columbia (as measured in terms of
Gross Domestic Product or GDP) by $3,463 million. This includes:
o
$1,953 million resulting from direct project spending.
o
$1,510 million in economic spin-offs (indirect and induced economic activity).

The project is expected to operate for 30 years with average annual operating costs in British Columbia of
$95 million.

Operations will generate about $29 million per year in property taxes.

Annual tax payments to the British Columbia government will total about $39 million.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-005
January 6, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR ALBERTA FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project will provide numerous benefits to the residents of Alberta. These benefits include:

employment

skills development

procurements opportunities

contributions to the community and province though a secure tax base
With an estimated capital cost of $5.5 billion, the Project will create thousands of job opportunities for regional residents
throughout the project construction and operations, while providing approximately $913 million in tax revenues during
construction.
Project Employment

Project construction will create about 15,150 person-years of employment over the period from 2009 to 2016. This
includes:
o
1,441 person-years of employment on actual on-site construction
o
4,444 person-years of employment in companies that directly supply goods and services needed for
construction
o
9,265 person-years of spin-off employment (indirect economic activity)

During peak construction (2015), about 1,155 workers will be directly employed to construct the pipeline and
facilities.

Regional residents are expected to account for 75% of direct construction employment of which Aboriginal
residents, contractors and companies will account for 20%.

Permanent operations will directly employ 26 people at various locations throughout Alberta. Regional residents are
expected to be hired for all direct operational jobs.

Directly and through economic spin-offs (indirect effects), project operations will create 379 jobs in Alberta.

Direct project employment in Alberta will provide $2.6 million in wages and benefits.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-006
January 6, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 2
SOCIO‐ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR ALBERTA FACT SHEET Project Construction

Project construction in Alberta will be spread over 3 years and will cost $1,579 million (2009). This represents 28%
of project costs. Peak construction activity will occur in 2015 and 2016.

Project spending during this period will increase economic activity in Alberta (as measured in terms of Gross
Domestic Product or GDP) by $1,846 million. This includes:
o
$901 million resulting from direct project spending.
o
$945 million in economic spin-offs (indirect and induced economic activity)

The project is expected to operate for 30 years with average annual operating costs in Alberta of $78 million.

Operational spending is estimated to annually generate $78 million in Alberta GDP, including direct effects and
economic spin-offs (indirect and induced effects).

The Alberta government is expected to receive $114 million in tax revenues during construction. This includes
business and personal taxes.

Annual tax payments to the Alberta government will total about $15 million.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-06-006
January 6, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 2 of 2
KITIMAT TERMINAL FACT SHEET Located in Kitimat at the end of the Douglas Channel, one of the widest and deepest inland waterways on the West Coast,
the Kitimat Terminal will be a model of world-class safety.
Components of the Kitimat Terminal
The Kitimat Terminal is comprised of a tank terminal and a marine terminal including two tanker berths and one utility berth.
The Kitimat Terminal will be located approximately 6 km south west of the town of Kitimat on the west side of the Douglas
Channel. The Terminal will be constructed on bedrock to provide a strong foundation for the tanks and other facilities.
The tank lots will be lined and surrounded by containment berms with a drainage system to an on-site reservoir. The
reservoir will collect storm water collected from the tank lot and surrounding facilities.
The Terminal piping will be placed almost entirely above ground. This will allow the on-site operators to observe any issues
that may arise and have easy access to all components. Isolation valves will allow specific areas to be shut-off for
maintenance purposes and limit the severity of a leak in an emergency.
Terminal Safety
Safety begins with design and construction and continues throughout operations. The Kitimat Terminal includes the
following key safety features:

The Terminal will be equipped with a firewater and foam system to suppress any fires.

A real-time supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system will be installed so the Terminal can be
remotely controlled and monitored.

The Terminal will meet the applicable Canadian and International emergency standards.

The Terminal operation will be supported by well trained people and maintenance and operational procedures.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-001
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE TERMINAL OPERATIONS FACT SHEET The Tanker Berths
Two tanker berths will be designed to handle a range of tanker sizes from VLCC to Aframax. The tanker berths will each
have the following major components:

loading platform with gangway tower

access trestles and catwalks

berthing and mooring structures
Berthing and Mooring
Harbour tugs will meet the incoming tanker near the harbour limits to assist the tanker in safely berthing and mooring at the
marine terminal.

A “docking aid system” at each berth will monitor and display the vessel’s distance, speed and angle of approach.

Tugs will slowly manoeuvre the tanker alongside the dock.

Mooring lines will be secured to mooring hooks and continuously monitored while the tanker is at the berth.
After the tanker is moored, the tanker and terminal staff will review terminal rules and regulations, safety and emergency
procedures, communications protocols, cargo operations, and any other necessary subjects.
Cargo Transfer
Cargo transfers involve a series of procedures for safe transfer of products.

An oil containment boom will surround each tanker to be loaded.

Once a safety inspection has been completed, tanker and terminal staff will connect loading arms

Condensate will be unloaded or oil will be loaded from tanks onshore.

Loading will typically take 18 to 30 hours and unloading will typically take 16 to 24 hours depending on vessel size
and cargo transfer flow rates.
Pre-Departure and Un-Mooring Activities
After loading or unloading is complete:

The volume of oil or condensate transferred will be verified.

The terminal staff will drain and disconnect the loading arms.

Oil boom deployed around the tanker while loading cargo, will be retracted.

Mooring lines will be released and the tankers will depart with the assistance of harbour tugs.

The tanker will proceed to open water with tug escorts
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-002
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS FACT SHEET Northern Gateway completed a Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) of the marine components of the Project. The analysis
was completed by Det Norske Veritas (DNV), an independent foundation, which specializes in risk management.
The QRA estimated the probability of tanker incidents and cargo loading and unloading incidents at the marine terminal.
For each incident type the conditional probability of a spill was also estimated.
Risk Reduction
To reduce the risk of a spill, the use of escort tugs during tanker transit and the use of closed loading during oil tanker
loadings at the marine terminal were examined. Results demonstrated:

Escort tugs can reduce the risk of grounding by as much as 90% and reduce tanker incidents to approximately onethird the current world average.

Closed loading virtually substantially reduces the risk of overfilling of a tanker.
Spill Risks
The risk of a spill occurring during tanker transit or at the terminal can be reduced to levels comparable to other operations
using best practices.

For the marine terminal, the maximum credible spill size is estimated to be approximately 250 m3. The return
period for a spill of any size from the marine terminal is estimated to be 62 years.

For tanker transit, the maximum credible spill size is estimated to be approximately 36,000 m3. The return period
for a spill of any size from tanker transit is 250 years. For a spill exceeding 40,000 m3, the return period is
estimated to be greater than 15,000 years.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-003
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
TANKERS FACT SHEET All vessels calling at the Kitimat Terminal will be modern, double-hulled and vetted by independent, third-party agencies
and will be required to meet all Canadian and International safety and environmental standards. Tankers will be constructed
and regularly inspected in accordance with recognized classification society rules.
The total number of tankers calling at the Kitimat Terminal is estimated to average 220 annually.
Tanker Dimensions
Dimensions for the three classes of tanker forecast to call at the Kitimat Terminal are provided below.
VLCC
Length Overall (m)
Suezmax
Aframax
344
274
220
Beam (m)
70
48
32
Loaded Draft (m)
23
17
12
320,000
160,000
80,000
Deadweight (t)
VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) represents the forecast design maximums for the project, the Suezmax the design
average, and the Aframax dimensions are the design minimum. Aframax and Suezmax class tankers are forecast to carry
both oil and condensate, while VLCC size tankers are forecast to transport oil only.
Safety Features of Project Tankers

Double Hull - Double hulls reduce the probability of spills due to groundings or collisions.

Inert Gas System (IGS) – IGS prevents the cargo tanks from reaching an explosive atmosphere.

Firefighting System – Every tanker calling at the Kitimat Terminal will be equipped with a firefighting system.

Electronic Navigation Systems – Electronic navigation systems include: radar, collision avoidance systems,
Global Positioning Systems, Electronic Chart Display and Information System, Automatic Identification System.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-004
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE MAMMALS FACT SHEET The Northern Gateway Project understands the long-term success of the project depends on our ability to construct the
project in an environmentally responsible way. A team of over 200 environmental experts and scientists conducted a
comprehensive analysis throughout the project area in aspects such as marine biology, wildlife, water resources, fish and
others. The findings of this analysis have been incorporated into our planning to ensure that construction proceeds safely
and responsibly and that our environmental impact is minimized throughout the operational life of the project.
Potential Effects on Marine Mammals

Behavioral changes and associated effects because of underwater noise from vessels

Physical injury from vessel strikes

Reduction in sound production and audition which are important life functions (spatial orientation, migration,
communication, predator/prey detection, courtship displays and mating, and locating members of the same
species)
Specific Measures to Reduce Potential Effects for Marine Mammals

Using specified vessel transit approaches, taking into account navigational safety, so that acoustical disturbances
are constrained to similar and predictable areas during marine transportation

Reducing vessel speed to 10 to 12 knots throughout the channels to the terminal.

Reducing vessel speed to 8 to 10 knots, unless otherwise required for safe navigation, in the core humpback whale
area during May to November.

In the initial years of operation, introducing a whale-monitoring vessel during months of peak humpback whale
abundance in the core humpback whale area.

Investigating the use of remote detection techniques. This would be used to support the visual observation program
from the whale-monitoring vessel.

Using best commercially available technology at the time of design/construction of the tugs (primarily in engine
vibration reduction and propeller design) so that escort and harbor tugs produce the least underwater noise
possible.

Develop and implement a marine mammal protection plan specific to the Project that would outline measures to
limit the effects of underwater noise on humpback whales and other large marine mammals in the shipping
channels.

Operators of project-related vessels will report all sightings of whales in the shipping channels via a ship
communication system, so other marine traffic is made aware of whale locations.

Implementing cooperative planning and research to address important data gaps
Northern Gateway recognizes that it cannot dictate the adoption of mitigation measures by other proponents, nor can it
direct the mandates of government or other organizations. Nonetheless, a cooperative approach to the adoption of
mitigation measures would be in the interests of all concerned.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-005
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE SAFETY FACT SHEET The goal of our marine safety program is to reduce the chances of a shipping incident to as close to zero as we can. The
Northern Gateway Project is committed to ensuring that tankers will be operated to the internationally recognized safety and
environmental standards. The safe passage of vessels will be achieved through the following comprehensive strategies
that bring together the best people, technology and planning:

Compliance with regulations - tankers must comply with shipping regulations and safety standards required
under the Canada Shipping Act and other relevant Canadian statutes, and applicable IMO conventions and
initiatives (e.g. SOLAS, MARPOL).

Tanker Acceptance Program (TAP) - prior to arrival in Canadian waters, tankers will be vetted by independent,
third-party agencies and will be required to meet Northern Gateway’s safety and environmental standards.

BC Coast Pilots - all tankers will be safely guided by BC Coast Pilots within the compulsory pilotage areas
regulated by the Pacific Pilotage Authority.

Reduced speeds - tanker speed will be reduced to between 8 and 12 knots in the coastal shipping channels and
operational safety limits will be established for visibility, wind, and sea conditions

Escort tugs - all laden tankers in the CCAA will be accompanied by one tug tethered (attached) to the tanker, and
a second tug in close escort. Ballasted tankers within the CCAA and all tankers (laden and ballasted) travelling
between the pilot boarding stations and the CCAA will be accompanied by one close escort tug. Escort tugs will
also be available for ocean rescue within Canadian waters.

Ballast water exchange - all tankers will be required to meet the requirements of Canada's Ballast Water Control
and Management Regulations under the Canada Shipping Act.

Radar - Radar will be installed along important sections of the routes to monitor all marine traffic and provide
additional information to monitoring stations and to pilots. Additional navigational aids, such as beacons, buoys
and lights will be installed throughout the shipping channels.

Tanker inspections - tankers will be subject to regular Port State inspections by Transport Canada

Loading arms - loading arms at the marine terminal will accommodate tidal fluctuations and various tanker sizes
and will be equipped with emergency shutdown valves, cameras and powered emergency release systems.

Vapour Recovery - A vapour recovery unit will be used to capture hydrocarbon vapours displaced from tanker
cargo holds.

Mooring Lines – the loads on ships mooring lines will be continuously monitored while the ship is at berth.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-006
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE INSURANCE AND LIABILITIES FACT SHEET The goal of our marine safety program is to reduce the chances of an oil spill to as close to zero as we can. The Northern
Gateway Project is committed to ensuring that tankers will be operated to the internationally recognized safety and
environmental standards.
The Responsible Party
In the unlikely event of an oil spill one party is responsible for cleaning up the spill and compensating affected parties.
Terminal Owner/Operator

In most cases, for spills occurring at the Kitimat Terminal, the responsible party will be Northern Gateway as the
terminal owner/operator.

Northern Gateway would accept full responsibility for all for the costs related to the emergency response and for
any property damage as a result of the spill.

A team of claims representatives would address concerns and receive claims from those directly affected by the
spill and compensate them for any damage as a result of the spill.

Northern Gateway would fulfill the commitment to clean up the spill, remediate the area affected and do right by
those who live and work in the affected areas whose lives were temporarily impacted.
Tanker Owner

In general, for spills originating from the ship, the responsible party will be the tanker owner.

Under Canadian law and international conventions, ship owners are required to carry insurance to cover spill
damages. In addition, shippers of oil pay into international and Canadian pollution funds to cover the costs of spills
over and above insured losses.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-007
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FACT SHEET Contingency Planning
Spill prevention is a key priority for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project. Spill prevention measures outlined to date have
been developed based on consultation with experts and with the latest proven technology.
While prevention is of the highest priority, Northern Gateway has also committed to developing world class emergency
preparedness plans. Plans will be prepared during the permitting stage of the project and will include participation with
Aboriginal groups, stakeholders, and communities to prioritize and focus response efforts to high priority areas.

General Oil Spill Response Plan (GOSRP) - will outline spill response objectives for the Project and explain the
linkage between the Marine Oil Spill Response Plan (MOSRP), Terminal Oil Spill Response Plans (TOSRP’s),
Pipeline Oil Spill Response Plan (POSRP) and other plans.

Marine Oil Spill Response Plan (MOSRP) – will outline the Project emergency preparedness requirements that
would be in place to respond to an oil spill involving a project-related tanker. This plan will be a required component
of all vessel contingency plans.

Marine Response Organization (RO) – All tankers calling at the terminal are required under the Canada Shipping
Act to have an arrangement with a certified Canadian response organization.

Terminal Oil Spill Response Plan (TOSRP) – will include information on prevention, emergency response, and
operations at the terminal.

Geographic Response Plans (GRPs) - Coastal sensitivity and operations maps and Geographic Response Plans
that identify priority response sites and tactics specific to geographic areas will be developed with Government,
Aboriginal groups and stakeholder input.
In addition, under Canadian law and international conventions, all tankers calling at the Kitimat Terminal will be required to
have a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP).
Canadian Requirements
Canadian Oil Handling Facilities and tankers traveling in Canadian waters are required to have an agreement with a
response organization certified by Transport Canada that would respond to a spill.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-008
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1
MARINE OIL SPILL RESPONSE FACT SHEET Spill prevention is a key priority for Northern Gateway and must always come first in promoting the safe transportation of oil
along the marine routes. In the unlikely event of a spill, Northern Gateway will be prepared to respond by having equipment
ready, people trained and plans in place to mount an immediate large-scale response. For any response safety of the public
and responders, and protection of the environment and property are of paramount importance.
Response Equipment and Resources
Spill response equipment (e.g., boom, skimmers) and boats will be located on-site at the Kitimat Terminal, onboard escort
tugs, and at locations in the shipping channels. Local personnel will be trained for immediate mobilization and deployment
of onsite equipment.
Response capabilities for Northern Gateway will exceed regulatory requirements.
Protection of Sensitive Areas
Protection of environmental, socio-economic, and cultural sensitivities will be prioritized, and response strategies will be
developed to minimize adverse effects in the event of a spill.
Coastal sensitivity and operational atlases have been developed for the shipping channels and open water areas for
response planning purposes. Strategies will be finalized following ground-truthing and input from Aboriginal groups and
communities.
Examples of sensitive areas include:

fisheries

spawning areas

salmon rivers

shorebird, sea bird and marine mammal areas

parks and protected areas

First Nations lands
The marine spill prevention and response planning measures to be implemented for Northern Gateway will help to ensure
that marine operations in Kitimat represent a model of world-class safety and environmental protection.
Document No.:
Revision Date:
NGP-FS-08-009
January 28, 2011
www.northerngateway.ca
Page 1 of 1