Etnološka pot
01 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT 02 03 04 SREDNJEVEŠKI BELC MEDIEVAL BELC Odmaknjeno od antične poselitve so se že v zgodnjem srednjem veku pod Rombonom, z obiljem vodnih izvirov, razvile tri vasi današnjega Bovca, tedaj imenovanega Vliz ali Plez. Pod večstoletno oblastjo oglejskih patriarhov in po letu 1420, devetdesetletno nadvlado Benetk, je bil lastnik večine zemljišč na Bovškem samostan v Rožacu nad Krminom. Ob koncu 14. stoletja je mesto Čedad povsem obnovilo tedaj pomembno pot preko Predela. Bovčani pa so mirno živeli s prastaro samoupravo županov in se dolga stoletja preživljali z živinorejo in s tovorjenjem. Zaradi obmejne lege so uživali posebne privilegije. V Dvoru, že leta 1256 omenjenem kot Villa curia di Plez, je imel samostanski upravitelj svoj sedež v obzidanem dvoru z bližnjo cerkvico svetega Lovrenca. Dvor sta prerasli Velika vas pod župno cerkvijo svetega Urha in Mala vas. Pred turškim vpadom leta 1478 je bila na Klužah zgrajena trdnjavica, ob stari cesti pa samosvoja gotska cerkev svetega Lenarta. Away from the ancient settlement and with an abundance of water sources, Vliz and Plez, the predecessors of today’s Bovec, developed in the early Middle Ages. Under several centuries of authority of the patriarchs of Aquilea and, after the year 1420, the ninety-year hegemony of Venice, the owner of the most land in Bovec and its surroundings was the Abbey of Rosazzo above Cormos in Italy. At the end of the 14th century the town of Cividale completely repaired the road over the Predil Pass that was of importance in those times. The inhabitants of Bovec lived peacefully with the ancient autonomy of mayors and made a living with cattle breeding and transporting goods. Owing to their position on the border they enjoyed the benefit of special privileges. In Dvor, in 1256 already mentioned as Villa curia di Plez, the abbot had his seat in the walled-in court with the nearby Church of St. Lawrence (sv. Lovrenc). Dvor was outgrown by Velika vas under the parish Church of St. Ulrich (sv. Urh) and Mala vas. Before the Turkish invasion a fortress was built at Kluže in 1478 as was the original gothic Church of St. Leonard (sv. Lenart) by the old road. RAZVOJ NASELJA 01_ Del karte za obnovo ceste iz leta 1760 s posebej označenimi cerkvami, ki so nekdaj stale izven naselja. (avtor G. de Capellaris) 02_Kamen z nekdanje kašte z letnico 1572 03_Na prvem katastru Dvora iz začetka XIX. stoletja je še dobro razpoznaven samostanski dvor z vrtovi znotraj obzidja, ki še obstaja, in značilna gručasta pozidava na severni strani ceste. 04_ Ohranjen klesan kamen 05_Srednjeveški puščici in sulica iz Dvora 01_ Part of a map from 1760 used for the renewal of the road with individually marked churches that used to be situated outside the settlement (author G. de Capellaris) 02_Stone from a former trough (“kašta”) dated 1572 03_In the first land register of Dvor from the beginning of the 19th century, a monastery court with gardens inside the walls, which still exists, and a typical building cluster on the north side of the road can be clearly seen 04_Preserved carved stone 05_Two medieval arrows and a spear from Dvor 05 T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T01a 01 02 01 03 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT 01_Starodobna upodobitev nekdanjega hotela Pošta na trgu iz leta 1891 02_Kataster Bovca iz leta 1822 z novim gla- Glavarstvo varstvom in graščinico Semblerjev na Zarščah Graščina Semblerjv in s sodiščem 03_Sklepni kamen z nekdanjega sodišča z letnico 1779 04_Fotografija trga pred požarom leta 1903 s kapelo in lipo ter z veliko kašto in z gručo hiš, ki je zapirala dostop do cerkve Sodišče 01_Old image from 1891 of the former hotel Pošta in the square 02_Land registry of Bovec from 1822 with a new district board and the little manor house of the Sembler family in Žaršče and the court 03_Final stone from the former court dated 1779 04 RAZVOJ NASELJA BOLEC - FLITSCH POD HABSBURŽANI BOLEC - FLITSCH UNDER THE HABSBURGS Po prvi vojni Habsburžanov z Benečani med letoma 1509–1516 je naselje pod habsburškimi glavarji pridobivalo na pomenu. Po prelomu v 18. stoletje so sedež glavarstva iz Kluž prenesli v Bovec pod cerkev, kar mu je dalo oblasten pečat. Bovški trg z lipo in s kašto je dobil ugledno podobo z velikim gostiščem, nasproti je bila pozidana nova cerkev ter ob cesti v Malo vas še sodišče. Preživetje številčnih družin so ob živinoreji omogočale gostilne, obrti, prevozništvo in krošnjarjenje po celotnem cesarstvu. Z reformami Marije Terezije je bilo ukinjeno glavarstvo in tudi raznovrstni privilegiji. Po preusmeritvi prometa s cest na železnice pred koncem 18. stoletja je začel Bovec nazadovati, cesta čez Predel pa propadati. V času francoskih pohodov so ga trikrat preplavile armade številnih generalov. Pred dobrimi sto leti je bil Bovec s skoraj 1500 prebivalci kljub vsemu v trideseterici največjih mest na Slovenskem. After the first war of the Habsburgs with the Venetians between the years 1505 and 1516, the settlement under the Habsburg governors was gaining in importance. After the turn of the 18th century the district board was moved from Kluže to Bovec under the church, which gave it a magisterial character. The Bovec main square with a linden tree and a trough developed a distinguished appearance with a big inn, a new church facing it, and a court by the road to Mala vas. The survival of families with many children was enabled by inns, crafts, transporting and pedlary across the whole empire. The reforms of Maria Theresa abolished the district board and also numerous privileges. After the redirection of transport from roads to railways before the end of the 18th century, Bovec started to recede and the road across the Predil Pass fell into decay. In the period of the French marches, Bovec was inundated three times by the armies of numerous generals. In spite of this fact, a good hundred years ago Bovec was one of the thirty biggest towns in Slovenia, with almost 1500 inhabitants. 04_A photo of the square before the fire in 1903 with a chapel and a linden-tree and a big trough and a group of houses that prevented access to the church T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T01b DEVELOPMENT OF THE SETTLEMENT 01 02 05 RAZVOJ NASELJA PODOBA BOVCA PRED IN PO VELIKI VOJNI BOVEC BEFORE AND AFTER WORLD WAR I 01_ Fotografja starodobnega trga pred veliko vojno 02_ Osrednji del Bovca po požaru 03 _Trg z novo občino po požaru 04 _Novi park na trgu, bovške hiše in kasarne po prvi veliki vojni 03 05_Regulacijski načrt Fabianija iz leta 1922 s poudarjenimi posegi v naselju, ki so bili izvedeni ali dolgoročno 1922 načrtovani. 04 01_Photo of the old square before World War I 02_Central part of Bovec after the fire 03 _Square with new municipality building after the fire 04 _New park in the square, Bovec houses and military barracks after World War I 05_Fabiani’s plan from 1922 with accentuated interventions in the settlement that were carried out or planned in the long run T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 Slikovita staroveška podoba naselja s strnjenimi gručami hiš se je močno razlikovala od današnje. Nekdanja pozidava na trgu je bila uničena po velikem požaru leta 1903, dokončno pa v prvi veliki vojni. Po požaru je trg že obvladovala impozantna stavba sedanje občine. Sledile so ji mestne hiše, grajene po furlanskih vzorih, z gostilnami, trgovinami in z obrtnimi delavnicami v pritličju. Značilne bovške vrhhlevne hiše pa so se ohranile v Kotu, Klancu, Mali vasi in Dvoru. Po vojni je razsežni tržni prostor dobil privlačno podobo po načrtu arhitekta Maksa Fabianija. Na mestu porušenega starega hotela je bil urejen park z vodometom in na dostopu proti cerkvi lipov drevored. V času fašizma po letu 1933 so bile za slikovitim obzidjem zgrajene kasarne (ob tem so bili odkriti železnodobni grobovi), urejeno je bilo letališče in ob cesti za naseljem vojaški objekti. V njih so se po drugi vojni razvili prvi industrijski obrati. The picturesque appearance of the settlement with joined groups of houses strongly differed from the present one. The former construction in the square was ruined after the big fire of 1903 and finally in World War I. After the fire the square was the location of the imposing building of the present municipality. It was followed by townhouses based on the Friuli model of construction, with inns, shops and craft workshops on the ground floor. Typical Bovec houses with stables underneath on the ground floor have been preserved in Kot, Klanec, Mala vas and Dvor. After the war the vast square area was given an attractive face-lift according to the plan of the architect Maks Fabiani. In place of the demolished old hotel, a park with a fountain was created and along the access to the church there was a linden-tree promenade. During the fascist period after 1933, barracks were built behind the picturesque walls (on that occasion, Iron Age tombs were discovered), the airfield was established, and military objects, which were converted into the first industrial plants after World War II, were built along the road behind the town. T01c PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY 01_Fotografija Rabeljka s Svinjaka s še vidnimi ostanki gradišča nad Koritnico, posneta med prvo svetovno vojno. 02_ Arheološke najdbe z Rabeljka: Minerva in fibula s pavom (1. do 2. stoletje) in ob cerkvi Device Marije: rimski kovanci (1. do 4. stoletje) 03_ Fotografija ostankov železnodobnega stolpa, ki je nad vilo rustiko varoval pot na gradišče. 04 PRAZGODOVINA IN ANTIKA 04_ Karta Rabeljka z označenimi, še danes opaznimi konturami okopov gradišča (vijola), z lego rimske vile rustike (rdeča) in lego srednjeveške cerkvice svetega Silvestra (rjava). 05_Najstarejša bovška cerkev Device Marije, kjer je ob rimski poti nekdaj stala še ena vila rustika. 01 02 01_A photo of Rabeljk from Mt. Svinjak with 03 the still visible ruins of the ancient fort above Koritnica, taken during World War I 02_Archaeological finds from Rabeljk: Minerva and fibula with a peacock (1st to 2nd century), and next to the Church of the Virgin Mary: Roman coins (1st to 4th century) 03_A photo of the ruins of the Iron Age tower above the villa rustica that guarded the way to PRVA POSELITEV IN ARHEOLOGIJA FIRST SETTLEMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGY Na vzpetini Rabeljk nad sotočjem Soče in Koritnice in v bližini prazgodovinske jantarne poti z Jadrana na sever je bilo tisočletje železnodobno gradišče. Dostop na gradišče je bil varovan s stolpom in z obrambnimi nasipi. Polja južno od vzpetine so Bovčani od nekdaj imenovali Za starim Becem (Bovcem, op.). V antiki je bila ob vznožju gradišča rimska vila rustica, mnogo kasneje pa je bila v njeni bližini postavljena tudi gotska cerkvica svetega Silvestra (porušena po letu 1780). Rabeljk je bil v prvi svetovni vojni prva avstrijska obrambna linija – in zato močno prekopan z jarki in prerešetan z izstrelki. Slučajne arheološke najdbe pa kljub temu pričajo o dolgi in verjetno burni zgodovini. Zanimive arheološke sledi so bile odkrite tudi ob tukajšnji gotski cerkvi Device Marije. Na osnovah rimske gradnje, ki tudi še ni raziskana, je bila verjetno že v IX. stoletju postavljena prva bovška cerkvica. On the rising ground of Rabeljk above the confluence of the rivers Soča and Koritnica and near the prehistoric Amber Road from the Adriatic Sea to the north there was an ancient Iron Age fort for a thousand years. The access to the ancient fort was guarded by a tower and ramparts. The fields south of the rising ground have forever been called “Behind the old Bec (Bovec)”. During antiquity at the foothills of the ancient fort there was a Roman villa rustica; much later the gothic Church of St. Sylvester (sv. Silvester) was erected nearby (demolished after 1780). Rabeljk was the first Austrian line of defence and was therefore dug up into trenches and riddled with missiles. All the same, accidental archaeological finds bear witness to its long and probably turbulent history. Interesting archaeological traces have also been discovered by the gothic Church of the Virgin Mary. On the foundation of a Roman building that has not been researched yet, the first little Bovec church was probably erected already in the 9th century. the ancient fort 04_A map of Rabeljk with the marked outlines of trenches (violet) which are still visible today, with the position of the villa rustica (red) and 05 the position of the medieval Church of St. Sylvester (sv. Silvester) (brown) 05_The Church of the Virgin Mary, Bovec’s oldest, in the place where another villa rustica was situated by the road T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T02 OLD SETTLEMENT CORE 01 02 06 STARO JEDRO NASELJA 01/02_ Del katastra iz leta 1822 in enak izsek na topografski karti iz leta 1906, na katerem so razvidni nova cerkev z nekdanjim pokopališčem, novo glavarstvo in graščina Semblerjev z drevoredom do znamenja na Žarščah. 03_Eno od številnih popravil cerkvenega zvonika 04_Gotski slavolok nekdanjega prezbiterija – de03 05 sno od vhoda v cerkev 04 05_Nekdanje glavarstvo ob cerkvenem stopnišču pred prvo svetovno vojno 06_Gotski portali prvotne cerkve, ki je stala v smeri vzhodzahod. 01/02 Part of the land registry from 1822 and the corresponding section on a topographical map from 1906 on which a new church with a former cemetery, a new administrative building, and the Sembler manor with a promenade up to the shrine in Žaršče are visible 03_One of the numerous repairs to the church’s bell tower 04_Gothic triumphal arch of the former presbytery on the right side of the church entrance ŽUPNA CERKEV IN NOVO GLAVARSTVO PARISH CHURCH AND NEW GOVERNOR’S PREMISES V papeževi buli iz leta 1192 je prvič omenjena župna cerkev, zgrajena verjetno v 10. stoletju, z več podružnicami po vaseh. Pod cerkvijo se je stiskalo najstarejše jedro naselja. Cerkev svetega Urha je bila pozidana v 15. stoletju. Nanjo še spominjajo ohranjena portala v stranskih fasadah, portal vhoda v zvonik na levi in oltarni slavolok na desni strani. Pred koncem 17. stoletja so glavarji Semblerji vzhodno od cerkve, na Zarščah, postavili novo graščinico, upravno stavbo pod cerkvenim obzidjem pa so s podzemnim hodnikom povezali s cerkvijo. Današnja cerkev je bila z vključevanjem gotskih elementov postavljena leta 1726. Pod tlakom, verjetno v zadnjem delu nekdanje podzemne povezave, se še skriva grobnica rodbine Sembler. Pokopališče ob cerkvi je bilo prestavljeno sto let kasneje, ko je bilo urejeno tudi novo monumentalno stopnišče. Ob njem je desetletja kasneje dobila prostor nova šola, nekdanje glavarstvo pa je bilo razrušeno v prvi vojni. In the papal bull of 1192 the parish church is mentioned for the first time; it was probably erected in the 10th century and it had several branches in the surrounding villages. Under the church was the oldest settlement core. The next church, that of St. Ulrich (sv. Urh), was erected in the 15th century. The two preserved portals in the lateral facades, the portal entrance to the bell tower on the left side, and the triumphal altar arch on the right side are still seen today. Before the end of the 17th century the Sembler governors erected a new little manor in Žaršče and connected the administrative building to the church with an underground corridor under the church wall. The church of today was erected in 1726 and incorporated gothic elements. Under the pavement, probably at the back of the former underground connection, the vault of the Sembler family is still hidden. The cemetery next to the church was moved a hundred years later when a new monumental staircase was built. Several decades later a new school was built next to it; the former governor’s premises were demolished during World War I. 05_Former district board by the church staircase before World War I 06_Gothic portals of the original church that was situated in an east-west direction T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T03 BY THE ROAD OB CESTI 01 03 01 –Gostilna na rejdi po 1. svetovni vojni z novim potekom ceste 02 – Gostilna pri Huberju 03 - Gostilna Na rejdi ( Pri Rejderju) pred 1. Svetovno vojno v Mali vasi z nekdanjim potekom ceste 04 -Gostilna pri Petru v Dvoru 05- Gostilna Pri Pircu na placu, nekoč Pejkova gostilna 02 04 05 T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 GOSTILNE IN KULINARIKA INNS AND CUISINE Število gostiln ob prehodu v 20. stoletje izraža pomembno prometno vlogo in prehodnost Bovškega med Čedadom in Beljakom. V tem času je bilo v Bovcu 19 gostiln – in ena izmed njih, pred katero stojimo, je bila Huberjeva gostilna Pri Lešniku. Popotniki, predvsem krošnjarji, so tukaj prenočili, v bližnji Stergulčevi štali pa so nakrmili in spočili konje. Gostilničarji so bili v glavnem vsi premožni, saj so imeli poleg te dejavnosti tudi drugo obrt. Vsaka gostilna je uredila za zabavo gostov tudi balinišče ali kegljišče. V gostilnah so pili v glavnem pivo, vino ali žganje. Glavne jedi so bile sir, juha, golaž, domača klobasa, ocvrte koruzne polpete ( »fete«), krompirjeva polenta (»čuompuwa plenta«), skutna juha (» skutn’ca«), skuta, pinjenec (»metuda«), za sladico so si privoščili bovške krafe. The number of inns at the turn of the 20th century reflects the importance of the Bovec area’s role as a stopover along the transport route between Cividale and Villach. In those days there were 19 inns in Bovec and one of them, in front of which we are standing, was Huber’s inn “Pri Lešniku”. Travellers, mostly pedlars, spent the night there and fed and rested their horses in the nearby Stergulc stable. Most of the innkeepers were well-off because they were also involved in other crafts. Each inn had a bowling alley to entertain the guests. The inn guests drank mostly beer, wine or schnapps. Some of the most popular foods were cheese, soup, goulash, home-made sausages, fried corn balls (“fete”), potato polenta (“čuompuwa plenta”), cottage cheese soup (“skutn’ca”), cottage cheese and buttermilk (“metuda”), while the famous Bovec “krafi” (potato dumplings with sweet pear filling) were a favourite dessert. T04 TROUGHS (“KAŠTE” in the local dialect) 01 02 03 KAŠTE 01 – Kot 1 02 – Mala vas 03 – Klanc 04 - ? 05 – Mala vas (cistilnica) 04 05 06 – Dvor 07 – Dvor 08 – Zdravsveni dom 09 – Mezinova 08 PODNASLOV TROUGHS (“KAŠTE” in the local dialect) Na naši desni strani je Šmicuwa kašta, na naši levi pa M’zinova kašta. Kašte ali korita so bile namenjene za oskrbo gospodinjstev s pitno vodo, za napajanje živine in pranje perila. Proti severu je postavljena T’m’žinuwa kašta, ki pa ni bila priključena na vodovod, zato voda tudi v največji suši ni nikoli presahnila. Ta kašta je bila namenjena predvsem za oskrbo pitne vode in pranja perila. Strogo je bilo prepovedano napajanje živine. Vso vodo za domačo uporabo so ženske nosile na glavi – v lesenih škafih, pod katere so položile pletene svitke. S polnim škafom na glavi pa so občasno klepetale uro in več. Okoliš kašte oziroma hiš okrog kašte se je imenoval borg. On our right is Šmic’s trough and on our left is M’zin’s trough. These troughs were meant to supply households with drinking water, and were also used for the watering of animals and laundry washing. T’m’žin’s trough faces north; it was connected to the water supply so it never ran dry even during the worst droughts. This trough was intended primarily for supplying drinking water and for laundry washing. Using it to water cattle was strictly forbidden. Women carried all the water for domestic use on their heads in wooden pails; underneath them they put plaited coils. With a full pail on their heads they sometimes chatted for an hour or even longer. The environment of the trough and the houses around the trough was called a borg. 09 06 07 T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T05 BOVEC HOUSE 04 05 ZNAČILNOSTI VRHHLEVNE HIŠE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HOUSE ABOVE A STABLE Močno razvita živinoreja s skromnim poljedelstvom na razdrobljenih posestvih ni omogočala ljudem preživetja, zato pravih kmečkih gospodarstev v Bovcu skoraj ni bilo. Tisočletne gospodarske in socialne razmere na Bovškem zato odraža značilno oblikovana, s kamnom zidana in funkcijam podrejena hiša. V pritličju je bil gospodarski prostor s hlevom za kravo in nekaj drugih živali, ki je skozi lesen strop ogreval skromno kuhinjo s kamrami v nadstropju. Pod veliko in strmo streho na»wrhu«ali hramu je bil prostor za seno, ki je bil z»burfom«povezan s hlevom, in kotiček»jahčer«za zasilno prenočevanje. Vse tri etaže je pod globokim nadstrešjem povezovalo leseno stopnišče z značilnim »ganjkom« s straniščem –»lajbnom«. Skoraj pri vsaki hiši je po steni plezala trta benika, ki je»ganjku«nudila senco. Strongly developed animal husbandry with a moderate amount of agriculture on fragmented estates did not enable people to survive, so there were almost no real farms in Bovec. Thousands of years of unfavourable economic and social conditions in the Bovec area are reflected in the typical Bovec house, built out of stone and strictly following the principles of functionality: the ground floor, which was reserved for husbandry and consisted of a stable for a cow and some other small animals, warmed up the ceiling, above which on the first floor were a modest kitchen and small bedrooms. Under the big, steep roof, upstairs in the loft there was a place for storing hay and a corner called a “jahčer” for providing overnight accommodation when necessary The loft was connected to the stable by a so-called “burf” − a shaft through which the hay was thrown from the loft to the stable. Under a deep, projecting roof, all three floors were connected by a wooden staircase with a typical balcony (“ganjk”), where a wooden privy (“lajbn”) was situated.. Almost every house had vines (benika) climbing the wall, which shaded the “gajnk”. BOVŠKA HIŠA 01 02 01 - Pripravljanje drv za dolgo bovško zimo 03 02 - Tasa drou-klada drv 03 - Značilno bovško zidano stopnišče( štejnge) z lesenim ganjkom in dostopom na podstrešje (wrh) 04- lesen ganjk 05 - Bovške ovce ko kukajo čez mir 06 - Značilni bovški miri in sopotja, ponekod prav kiklopsko grajeni, so nastajali ob čiščenju obdelovalne zemlje na pobočjih Rombona; ločevali so terase in omejevali parcele. 06 T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T06 01. Osnovna šola zgrajena v času italijanske oblasti 01. Osnovna šola zgrajena v času italijanske oblasti 02. Udeleženci obveznega tečaja italijanskega jezika leta 1930 02. Udeleženci obveznega tečaja italijanskega jezika leta 1930 03. Birma med 1. in 2.svetovno vojno na Bovškem 03. Birma med 1. in 2.svetovno vojno na Bovškem 04. Predstava Addio giovinezza v bovškem kinu po 1. svetovni vojni 04. Predstava Addio giovinezza v bovškem kinu po 1. svetovni vojni 05. Otvoritev vrtca 05. Otvoritev vrtca 06. Predstava Divji lovec- prva igra v slovenskem jeziku po 1. Sve- 06. Predstava Divji lovec- prva igra v slovenskem jeziku po 1. Sve- tovni vojni,ki jo je režiral kaplan Aljančič tovni vojni,ki jo je režiral kaplan Aljančič 07. Pevsko društvo Rombon iz 1920 07. Pevsko društvo Rombon iz 1920 08. Procesija svetega rešnjega telesa po 2. Svetovni vojni 08. Procesija svetega rešnjega telesa po 2. Svetovni vojni 09. Pust (Buški Toukrji) 09. Pust (Buški Toukrji) KULTURA, ŠOLSTVO 02, 03, 04, 05 CULTURE, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Kulturni dom v Bovcu je bil zgrajen leta 1987. Je središče kulturnega in družabnega dogajanja na Bovškem. Ima veliko dvorano z odrom, na katerem nastopajo bovške kulturno-umetniške skupine in tudi uveljavljeni slovenski in tuji umetniki, in malo dvorano, v kateri gostijo domače slikarje in priznane akademike. Del stavbe kulturnega doma je od leta 2000 namenjen krajevni knjižnici, opremljeni z deli Valentina Omana, akademskega slikarja z avstrijske Koroške. Kulturno življenje na Bovškem ima dolgo in bogato tradicijo, izhajajoč iz leta 1878 ustanovljene Narodne čitalnice. V njenem okviru so se razvili pevski zbor, ki je pogosto gostoval v drugih krajih, tamburaški orkester, dramska skupina in za tiste čase bogata in dobro obiskana društvena knjižnica. Živahnemu kulturnemu dogajanju so se kmalu pridružila tudi druga društva: gasilsko društvo, podružnica planinskega društva, Olepševalno društvo, predhodnica današnjega turističnega društva ter strelsko in druga športna društva. 01 07, 08 The cultural centre in Bovec was built in 1987. It is still the centre of cultural and social happenings in the Bovec district. It disposes of a big hall with a stage where cultural artistic groups from Bovec as well as other recognized Slovenian and foreign artists appear; there is also a small hall that hosts local painters and acknowledged academic names. Part of the cultural centre building has been assigned to the local library since 2000. The library was furnished with the works of Valentin Oman, an academic painter from Austrian Carinthia. Cultural life in the Bovec district has a long and rich tradition deriving from the National Reading Society, founded in 1878. Within its framework the following were founded: a choir that often made guest appearances in other towns, a tamboura orchestra, a theatre group, and (for the times) a rich and well-visited society library. Other societies soon followed this lively cultural society: a firemen’s society, a branch of the mountaineering club, a beautifying club which was a predecessor of the present tourist society, a rifle club, and other sports clubs. 09, 10 T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 T07 THE PROJECT ALPE JADRAN PROJEKT ALPE JADRAN ALPSKI TURISTIČNI CENTER - KANIN Projekt vlade SFRJ in OZN je nastal v času dileme šestdesetih let: HE na Soči ali raba naravnih potencialov v turizmu. Predvideval je smučišča na Kaninu za 10.900 in v Čezsoči za 1400 smučarjev; v turističnem centru na Raduljah turistične zmogljivosti z vso infrastrukturo s 5000 ležišči, trgovino, servisi in z rekreacijo; 1000 ležišč v Bovcu in vaseh; v Čezsoči letno kopališče in v Bovcu stanovanja, novo šolo, zdravstveni dom in vrtec. Z investicijo 47,000.000 dolarjev bi pridobili šestino slovenskega deviznega prihodka od turizma in 600 rednih in 350 sezonskih delovnih mest. Pogoj je bil tuj partner, ki bi zagotovil turiste z večjo kupno močjo in izboljšavo cestnih povezav s Slovenijo in Furlanijo. Do te odločitve ni prišlo, izgrajen je bil le soroden projekt Bernardin v Portorožu. Do sezone 1972/73 je bil zgrajen hotel Kanin, le ena žičnica za prevoz 900 oseb v eni uri in smučišča za 2100 smučarjev, restavracija na Kaninskih podih in makadamska cesta do vznožja smučišč. Načrtovan obisk je preprečila topla zima, nato pa katastrofalni plazovi, ki so uničili postajo B. Stečaj je reševal konzorcij, a brez ustrezne politične in gospodarske podpore. Kaninska smučišča so le še životarila in čakala na povezavo s smučišči na italijanski strani. 010203NAČRT ATC KANIN MAKETA S HOTELA KANIN PORUŠENA C POSTAJA STARA GONDOLA STAR PETER SKALAR S>TARODOBNIKI PRVOMAJSKI VELESLALOM T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 ALPINE TOURIST CENTRE - KANIN A UN-Yugoslav government project arose from a period of dilemma in the 1960’s: a hydroelectric station on the Soča River or the use of the natural tourism potential. It envisaged ski slopes on Mt. Kanin for 10,900 skiers and in Čezsoča for 1,400; in the tourist centre in Radulje tourist capacities with a complete infrastructure and 5,000 beds, a supermarket, services, and recreation; 1,000 beds in Bovec and the surrounding villages; an open swimming pool in Čezsoča along with apartments, a new school, a health centre and a kindergarten. With an investment of USD 47,000,000, 1/6 of the Slovenian foreign exchange earnings in tourism and 600 regular plus 350 seasonal jobs would be gained. The main condition was a foreign partner that would provide tourists with significant purchasing power and the improvement of road connections with Slovenia and Friuli. In the end this project was never realized; only in Portorož on the coast was a similar project carried out, which resulted in the hotel complex Bernardin. By the 1972/1973 winter season the Hotel Kanin had been built, as had ski slopes for 2,100 skiers, one ski lift with a capacity of 900 persons/hour, a restaurant on Kaninski podi, and a macadam road to the foot of the ski slopes. The planned attendance was thwarted by a warm winter and later catastrophic avalanches that destroyed the C station of the cable car. A consortium tried to resolve the disastrous financial situation but did so without the proper political and economic support. The Kanin ski centre led a miserable existence and waited to be connected with the ski slopes on the Italian side. T08 AIRFIELD LETALIŠCE PODNASLOV 010203SLIKE ITALJANSKO LETALIŠČE - Z OBJEKTI. ŠERMAN - AMERIŠKI TANK POLJA Z GROBLJAMI Vstop V EU Padalci T01-03 ETNOLOŠKA POT - Bovec EVROPSKA UNIJA REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja: Evropa investira v podeželje. Projekt sofinancira EU. T05 T07 T04 T09 T04 T02 T02 T04 Letališče je imenovano tudi Duga njiva. Tu so sadili žito, koruzo (sirk), ajdo in kasneje krompir. Pokošeno travo so ob slabem vremenu posušili v tako imenovanih »ustrgačah«, da so imeli pozimi dovolj krme za domače živali, predvsem za avtohtone bovške ovce. Ko so njive skozi stoletja čistili, so kamenje namestili ob koncu parcel, kjer so nastala številna »groblja«, kot jih okoli industrijske cone zaraščena vidimo še danes. Italijani so po prvi svetovni vojni prostor izravnali in ob gradnji vojašnic po letu 1935 zgradili vojaško letališče s potrebnimi stavbami (na mestu današnjega gasilskega doma). Te so kasneje služile tudi zaveznikom in nato še desetletja jugoslovanski armadi. Današnje športno-turistično letališče s 1200 metrov dolgo stezo je bilo urejeno po letu 1985. AIRFIELD Another name for the airfield is Duga njiva (“long field”). People planted cereals, maize (sirk), buckwheat and later potatoes there. When the weather was bad, they dried cut grass on so-called “ustrgače” (tall posts with side hooks) in order to have enough provender for domestic animals, mostly the autochthonous Bovec sheep. When they cleared their fields over the years, they put the stones at the end of their lots and this way created numerous heaps of stones that are now overgrown but still visible around the Bovec industrial area. After World War I the Italians levelled the area and together with a new barracks after 1935 built a military airfield with the necessary buildings (on the location of today’s fire station). Later those buildings were used by the Allies and decades after that by the Yugoslav army. The present tourist airfield with a 1,200-metre runway was finalized after 1985. T09
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