Tables for draft section 3.4: Claydon Pike environmental report
Table 1: Sample Size for Invertebrate and Waterlogged Plant Remains
Sub-sample (kg.) examined for:
Sample
Waterlogged
macroscopic plant
remains only
Waterlogged macroscopic
plant remains, insects &
molluscs
Waterlogged
insect remains
Pollen
Molluscs only
961
-
-
-
-
1.13
965
1.13
-
-
-
-
464/A
0.23
-
-
-
-
371/D/3
-
-
-
-
1.13
153/CC/5
-
-
-
-
1.13
577/A
-
0.70
2.20
-
-
0.70
-
-
-
577/N/4
1528/A/3
-
0.70
3.85
-
-
1704/C/5
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
2490
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
6
-
1.13
4.80
-
-
962/A
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
766/6
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
2160/B/5
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
1202/15
-
0.70
-
-
-
1318/C/3
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
2839/A/5
-
0.70
-
-
-
2867/A/6
-
0.70
-
-
-
2906/4
-
0.70
0.70
-
-
1487/A
-
0.70
-
-
-
2495/A/2
-
0.70
1.35
+
-
502/7
-
0.70
3.85
+
-
700/S/3
-
0.70
0.70
+
-
1989/B
-
0.70
3.85
-
-
2721/6
-
0.70
0.70
-
-
2721/3
-
0.70
-
-
-
Sample 3
-
-
-
-
1.00
Sample 2
-
-
-
-
1.00
Sample 1
-
-
-
-
1.00
456
-
-
-
-
1.13
696/3
-
0.70
2.75
+
-
696/2
-
0.70
2.75
+
-
1
Table 2: Phase 3 Waterlogged Samples (c AD 125 - late 3rd/early 4th century AD)
Sample
Feature Type
Trench
Location
766/2
well
13
main settlement
2160/B/5
pit
13
main settlement
1202/15
water-hole / well
17
main settlement
1318/C/3
well
17
main settlement
2839/A/5
water-hole / well
29
main settlement
2867/A/6
water-hole / well
29
main settlement
2906/4
water-hole / well
29
main settlement
1487/A
roadside ditch
32
c 80 m west of main settlement
2495/A/2
field ditch
31
c 100 m west of main settlement
Table 3: Phase 4 Waterlogged Samples (4th century AD)
Sample
Feature Type
502/7
well
700/5/3
inner enclosure ditch
1989/B
tank
2721/6
} pit / well
2721/3
2
Table 4: Glacial seeds
Number of Seeds
GLACIAL SEEDS
Ranunculus Sect. Ranunculus sp.
Ranunculus cf. lingua L.
Ranunculus S. Batrachium sp.
Ranunculus sp.
Rorippa islandica type
Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.
P. anserina L.
Epilobium sp.
Umbelliferae gen. et sp. indet.
Betula pendula Roth or pubescens Ehrh.
B. nana L.
Betula sp.
Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Lycopus europaeus L.
Potamogeton sp.
Zannichellia palustris L.
Juncus bufonius L.
J.articulatus gp.
Juncus sp.
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla
Carex spp.
Cyperaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Gramineae gen. et sp. indet.
Ignota
Context / Sample
965
464
buttercup
greater spearwort
water-crowfoot
buttercups etc
yellow-cress
marsh cinquefoil
silverweed
willow-herb
48
3
2
1
14
-
3
1
9
2
15
1
1
1
11
8
169
33
1
20
110
60
2
1
1
2
68
451
birch
dwarf birch
birch
bogbean
gipsywort
pondweed
toad rush
rush
rush
bulrush
sedge
grass
Total
Table 5: Other glacial plant remains
OTHER GLACIAL PLANT REMAINS
Number of Items
Betula nana L.
(dwarf birch)
B. nana L.
(dwarf birch)
Bryophyta
(moss)
Chara sp.
(stonewort)
Chara sp.
(stonewort)
Characeae gen. et sp. indet.
Salix sp.
(willow)
Context / Sample
965
464
female cone scale
leaf
stem with leaves
stem fragments
oospores
oospores
bud scale
3
8
+
+
c. 200,000
-
225
12
+ present
Number of Chara oospores in Sample 965 derived from a 1/100 sub-sample
3
Table 6: Late Glacial and Early Post-Glacial Mollusca
LATE GLACIAL AND EARLY POST-GLACIAL MOLLUSCA
Minimum No. of
Individuals in Sample
Context / Sample
961
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Columella sp.
Vertigo sp.
Pupilla muscorum (L.)
Vallonia sp.
Punctum pygmaeum (Drap.)
5
50
2
1
52
1
1
Total
112
Table 7: Middle Iron Age Mollusca
Minimum No. of
Individuals in Sample
MIDDLE IRON AGE MOLLUSCA
Context / Sample
371
153
Valvata cristata (Müll.)
Carychium sp.
Aplexa hypnorum (L.)
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
L. peregra (Müll.)
Lymnaea sp.
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.)
V. pygmaea (Drap.)
Pupilla muscorum (L.)
Vallonia pulchella (Müll.)
V. pygmaea (Drap.)
Vallonia sp.
Limax or Deroceras sp.
Helicella itala (L.)
Trichia hispida agg.
Arianta or Cepaea sp.
Pisidium sp.
1
2
81
48
7
1
2
4
3
4
1
1
8
1
5
1
-
7
32
10
69
17
8
2
3
1
1
9
2
2
18
3
3
20
1
1
Total
170
209
4
Table 8: 1st Century AD Pollen and Spores
1ST CENTURY AD POLLEN AND SPORES
Context / Sample
SPORES
Sphagnum sp.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh.
Polypodium sp.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Filicales
POLLEN
Pinus sylvestris L.
Ranunculus tp.
Thalictrum tp.
Nuphar tp.
Cruciferae
Lychnis tp.
cf. Spergularia tp.
Chenopodiaceae
Acer tp.
Filipendula sp.
Umbelliferae 3
Rumex acetosa L.
Ulmus sp.
Betula sp.
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert.
Corylus avellana L.
Quercus sp.
cf. Quercus sp.
Salix sp.
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
Plantago media / media tp.
Plantago lanceolata L.
cf. P. lanceolata L.
Scabiosa columbaria L.
Bidens tp.
Aster tp.
Anthemis tp.
cf. Carduus sp.
Cirsium sp.
Centaurea nigra tp.
Compositae - Liguliflorae
Cyperaceae
Triticum tp.
cf. Avena tp.
Gramineae
bog moss
clubmoss
clubmoss
bracken
pine
buttercups etc
meadow rue
yellow water-lily
maple
dropwort
sorrel
elm
birch
alder
hazel
oak
oak
willow
heather
plantain
ribwort plantain
ribwort plantain
small scabious
mayweed
thistle
thistle
knapweed
sedges
wheat
oats
grass
Total tree pollen
Total shrub pollen
Total identified pollen
Unidentified pollen type X
5
No. of Pollen Grains and
Spores
Percentage of Identified
Pollen
1704/C/5
2490
962/A
1704/C/5
2490
962/A
1
2
1
2
1
1
19
13
1
6
6
1
2
1
2
1
1
15
10
1
6
6
5
2
1
1
10
2
2
1
1
5
1
1
6
9
1
3
1
4
16
11
33
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
7
1
1
31
43
1
1
23
6
1
5
1
2
1
5
1
3
5
2
2
3
1
28
22
2
16
4
2
1
1
9
2
2
1
1
4
1
1
5
8
1
3
1
3
14
9
28
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
6
1
1
25
34
1
1
18
6
1
5
1
2
1
5
1
3
5
2
2
3
1
26
21
2
15
6
2
116
8
1
125
18
5
106
5
2
100
6
1
100
17
5
100
3
-
-
3
-
-
Table 9: 1st Century AD Waterlogged Seeds
Number of Seeds
1ST CENTURY AD WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Ranunculus cf. acris L.
R. cf. repens L.
R. parviflorus L
R. flammula L.
Ranunculus S. Batrachium sp.
Thalictrum flavum L
Papaver rhoeas L., dubium L., lecoqii Lamotte or hybridum L.
P. argemone L.
Fumaria sp.
Brassica rapa L. ssp. sylvestris (L.) Janchen
Thlaspi arvense L.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Cruciferae gen. et sp. indet.
Viola S. Viola sp.
Viola S. Melanium sp.
Hypericum sp.
Cerastium cf. fontanum Baumg.
Stellaria media gp.
Sagina sp.
Arenaria sp.
Montia fontana L. ssp. chondrosperma (Fenz.) Walt.
Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
C. polyspermum L.
C. album L.
C. ficifolium Sm.
C. cf. rubrum L.
Atriplex sp.
6
meadow buttercup
creeping buttercup
small-flowered buttercup
lesser spearwort
water crowfoot
meadow rue
poppy
poppy
fumitory
wild turnip
field penny-cress
shepherd's purse
water cress
violet
pansy
St. John's wort
mouse-ear chickweed
chickweed
pearlwort
sandwort
blinks
good King Henry
all-seed
fat hen
goosefoot
red goosefoot
orache
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
10
1
1
1
1
7
11
106
217
82
36
3
1
5
115
621
27
58
5
21
5
5
1
3
2
7
15
62
85
13
4
39
5
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
10
2
5
21
16
53
71
7
3
2
38
3
9
1
2
7
8
8
1
1
20
2
1
10
61
8
13
1
10
25
1
4
40
1
4
1
3
549
4
3
10
11
26
+
1
3
+
4
1
5
1
-
Number of Seeds
1ST CENTURY AD WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Chenopodiaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Linum catharticum L.
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Rubus fruticosus agg.
Potentilla anserina L.
P. cf. erecta (L.) Räuch.
P. cf. reptans L.
Aphanes arvensis agg.
Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Crataegus cf. monogyna Jacq.
Lythrum salicaria L.
Epilobium sp.
Myriophyllum
Callitriche sp.sp.
Cornus sanguinea L.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.
Anthriscus caucalis Bieb.
Aethusa cynapium L.
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag.
Daucus carota L.
Polygonum aviculare L.
P. persicaria L.
P. lapathifolium L.
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Löve
Rumex conglomeratus Mur.
R. maritimus L.
Rumex sp.
Urtica urens L.
U. dioica L.
Anagallis arvensis L.
Primulaceae gen. et sp. indet.
fairy flax
meadowsweet
blackberry
silverweed
tormentil
creeping cinquefoil
parsley piert
salad burnet
hawthorn
purple loosestrife
willow-herb
water-milfoil
starwort
dogwood
pennywort
bur chervil
fool's parsley
fool's watercress
wild carrot
knotgrass
red shank
pale persicaria
black bindweed
sharp dock
golden dock
dock
small nettle
stinging nettle
scarlet pimpernel
7
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
14
1
5
68
1
14
2
1
1
1
10
1
26
21
97
1
1
19
1
13
3
1
32
135
1
14
23
62
-
8
2
25
2
204
1
8
3
1
6
16
6
14
3
38
135
1
1
21
2
1
45
172
1
2
10
15
13
1
7
1
6
26
79
-
2
1
8
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
14
15
6
9
38
171
3
10
9
18
1
1
1
1
4
+
1
3
3
1
143
-
2
25
+
1
+
+
18
1
2
1
1
24
-
Number of Seeds
1ST CENTURY AD WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Hyoscyamus niger L.
Solanum cf. nigrum L.
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange
Odontites verna (Bell.) Dum.
Mentha cf. aquatica L.
Lycopus europaeus L.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Ballota nigra L.
Lamium sp. (not album)
Lamium cf. album L.
Galeopsis tetrahit agg.
Glechoma hederacea L.
Plantago major L.
Galium cf. palustre gp.
Sambucus nigra L.
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pol.
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bern.
Eupatorium cannabinum L.
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. B.
Arctium sp.
Carduus sp.
cf. Cirsium sp.
Onopordum acanthium L.
Lapsana communis L.
Leontodon sp.
Sonchus oleraceus L.
S. asper (L.) Hill
Alisma sp.
Zannichellia palustris L.
Juncus effusus gp.
J. bufonius gp.
henbane
black nightshade
small toadflax
red bartsia
water mint
gipsywort
selfheal
black horehound
dead nettle
white dead nettle
hemp-nettle
ground-ivy
great plantain
marsh bedstraw
elder
corn salad
fleabane
hemp agrimony
scentless mayweed
burdock
thistle
thistle
cotton thistle
nipplewort
hawkbit
sow thistle
sow-thistle
water-plantain
horned pondweed
tussock rush
toad rush
8
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
4
2
1
1
2
220
270
1
1
1
1
5
1
11
320
590
1
13
9
1
1
1
4
20
1
4
2
8
6
1210
420
18
1
1
3
2
54
1
1
28
3
1
1
4
4
1
1
430
370
14
5
3
1
1
1
2
1
14
2
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
920
840
2
1
1
+
6
3
4
1
1
11000
680
+
+
1
+
14
+
8
+
1
4
5
350
152
Number of Seeds
1ST CENTURY AD WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
J. articulatus gp.
Juncus spp.
Luzula sp.
Iris pseudacorus L.
Lemna sp.
Sparganium erectum L.
Typha sp.
Eleocharis S. Palustres sp.
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br.
Carex spp.
cf. Triticum sp.
Gramineae gen. et sp. indet.
Ignota
rush
rush
woodrush
yellow flag
duckweed
bur-reed
reedmace
spike rush
brittle scirpus
sedge
wheat
grass
Total Seeds
+ present
9
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
680
150
3
3
4
11
-
480
330
8
26
24
4
830
240
51
78
31
24
1090
290
1
33
85
10
3
200
160
1
1
15
52
1
5
11
1360
5481
14
1
101
45
5
830
40
1
63
1
19
18
1
2,089
2,937
3,652
3,084
2,743
19,545
1,648
Table 10: Other 1st Century AD Waterlogged Plant Remains
Number of Items
OTHER 1ST CENTURY AD WATERLOGGED PLANT REMAINS
Context / Sample
Bryophyta
Bud scale
Chara sp.
Crataegus or Prunus sp.
Leaf abscission pad
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Salix sp.
Trifolium sp.
Triticum spelta L.
(moss)
stem with leaves
(stonewort)
(hawthorn or sloe)
oospore
thorny twig
bracken
(willow)
(clover)
(spelt wheat)
frond fragment
bud
calyx and flower
glume base
+ present
10
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
-
-
+
3
1
+
1
1
-
+
-
+
+
-
+
3
9
+
1
-
Table 11: 1st Century AD Coleoptera
Minimum Number of Individuals
1ST CENTURY AD COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample 577/A 577/N/4 1528/A/3 1704/C/5
Nebria brevicollis (F.)
Notiophilus sp.
Dyschirius globosus (Hbst.)
Clivina collaris (Hbst.) or fossor (L.)
Trechus obtusus Er. or quadristriatus (Schr.)
Bembidion properans Step.
B. gilvipes Sturm
B. biguttatum (F.)
B. guttula (F.)
B. lunulatum (Fouc.)
Bembidion sp.
Pterostichus cf. gracilis (Dej.)
P. melanarius (Ill.)
P. nigrita (Pk.)
P. vernalis (Pz.)
P. versicolor (Sturm)
Calathus fuscipes (Gz.)
C. melanocephalus (L.)
Agonum muelleri (Hbst.)
A. viduum (Pz.)
Amara sp.
Harpalus rufipes (Deg.)
Harpalus S. Ophonus sp.
Badister bipustulatus (F.)
Chlaenius nigricornis (F.) or nitidulus (Schr.)
Brachinus crepitans (L.)
Haliplus sp.
Hydroporus sp.
Agabus bipustulatus (L.)
Agabus sp. (not bipustulatus)
Colymbetes fuscus (L.)
Dytiscus sp.
Georissus crenulatus (Ros.)
Helophorus aquaticus (L.)
H. cf. obscurus Muls.
H. grandis Ill.
H. aquaticus (L.) or grandis Ill.
H. rufipes (Bosc.)
H. porculus Bed. or rufipes (Bosc.)
Helophorus spp. (brevipalpis size)
Coelostoma orbiculare (F.)
Sphaeridium bipustulatum F.
S. lunatum F. or scarabaeoides (L.)
Cercyon analis (Pk.)
C. atricapillus (Marsh.)
C. haemorrhoidalis (F.)
C. pygmaeus (Ill.)
C. sternalis Sharp.
Cercyon spp.
Megasternum obscurum (Marsh.)
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
13
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
8
2
4
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
3
1
2
2490
6
962/A
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
2
5
2
8
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
7
2
3
1
2
4
4
2
1
1
5
1
1
18
1
1
2
1
3
Species
Group
6a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
Minimum Number of Individuals
1ST CENTURY AD COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Cryptopleurum minutum (F.)
Hydrobius fuscipes (L.)
Laccobius sp.
Chaetarthria seminulum (Hbst.)
Acritus nigricornis (Hof.)
Onthophilus striatus (Forst.)
Hister bissexstriatus F.
H. cf. bissexstriatus F.
Histerinae gen. et sp. indet.
Ochthebius bicolon Germ.
O. minimus (F.)
Ochthebius spp.
Limnebius papposus Muls.
Ptenidium sp.
Silpha laevigata F.
S. obscura L.
Micropeplus porcatus (Pk.)
Lesteva longoelytrata (Gz.)
Lesteva sp.
Omalium sp.
Bledius cf. gallicus (Grav.)
Carpelimus bilineatus Step.
C. cf. corticinus (Grav.)
C. cf. rivularis (Mots.)
Platystethus arenarius (Fouc.)
P. cornutus gp.
P. nitens (Sahl.)
P. nodifrons (Man.)
Anotylus nitidulus (Grav.)
A. rugosus (F.)
A. sculpturatus (Grav.)
Oxytelus sculptus Grav.
Stenus spp.
Lathrobium sp. (not longulum)
Rugilus erichsoni (Fauv.)
Gyrohypnus angustatus Step.
G. fracticornis gp.
Xantholinus linearis (Ol.)
X. linearis (Ol.) or longiventris Heer
Philonthus intermedius (B. & L.) or laminatus
(Creutz.)
Philonthus spp.
Gabrius sp.
Staphylinus aeneocephalus Deg. or
fortunatarum (Wol.)
Tachyporus spp.
Tachinus spp.
Aleocharinae gen. et sp. indet.
Geotrupes vernalis (L.)
Geotrupes sp.
Colobopterus erraticus (L.)
Aphodius contaminatus (Hbst.)
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
1
4
11
1
1
1
1
1
-
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
-
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
-
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
5
1
2
1
-
1
1
2
2
6
17
7
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
-
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
2
-
6
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
-
1
1
4
2
2
-
1
3
2
4
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
4
2
-
3
1
3
2
12
Species
Group
7
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
2
2
2
Minimum Number of Individuals
1ST CENTURY AD COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
A. fimetarius L.
A. foetidus (Hbst.)
A. granarius (L.)
A. cf. prodromus (Brahm)
A. cf. pusillus (Hbst.)
A. rufipes (L.)
A. rufus (Moll.)
A. cf. sphacelatus (Pz.)
Aphodius spp.
Oxyomus sylvestris (Scop.)
Onthophagus ovatus (L.)
O. cf. similis (Scrib.)
Onthophagus sp. (not ovatus)
Hoplia philanthus (Fues.)
Phyllopertha horticola (L.)
Dascillus cervinus (L.)
Heterocerus sp.
Limnichus pygmaeus (Sturm)
Dryops sp.
Agrypnus murinus (L.)
Athous haemorrhoidalis (F.)
Actenicerus sjaelandicus (Müll.)
Agriotes lineatus (L.)
A. obscurus (L.)
A. sputator (L.)
Agriotes spp.
Cantharis rufa L.
Cantharis sp.
Cantharis or Rhagonycha sp.
Anobium punctatum (Deg.)
Malachius cf. vulneratus Ab.
Brachypterus urticae (F.)
Meligethes sp.
Monotoma sp.
Atomaria spp.
Olibrus cf. aeneus (F.)
Orthoperus sp.
Coccidula rufa (Hbst.)
Coccinella septempunctata L.
Lathridius minutus gp.
Enicmus transversus (Ol.)
Corticariinae gen. et sp. indet.
Anthicus antherinus (L.)
Bruchus or Bruchidius sp.
Donacia sp.
Chrysolina haemoptera (L.)
C. polita (L.)
Gastrophysa polygoni (L.)
G. viridula (Deg.)
Phaedon sp.
Hydrothassa marginella (L.)
Prasocuris phellandrii (L.)
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
2
1
-
2
1
17
3
2
4
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
-
4
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
10
1
1
4
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
-
2
12
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
-
3
6
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
5
1
3
1
7
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
-
13
Species
Group
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
11
1
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
8
8
8
Minimum Number of Individuals
1ST CENTURY AD COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Phyllotreta atra (F.)
P. nigripes (F.)
P. nemorum (L.) or undulata Kuts.
P. vittula Redt.
Aphthona nonstriata (Gz.)
Longitarsus spp.
Altica sp.
Crepidodera ferruginea (Scop.)
C. transversa (Marsh.)
Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh.)
Chaetocnema sp. (not concinna)
Psylliodes sp.
Apion urticarium (Hbst.)
Apion spp. (not urticarium)
Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus (Beck)
Phyllobius sp.
Strophosomus faber (Hbst.)
Sitona hispidulus (F.)
S. sulcifrons (Thun.)
Sitona sp.
Cleonus piger (Scop.)
Hypera punctata (F.)
Hypera sp. (not punctata)
Alophus triguttatus (F.)
Tanysphyrus lemnae (Pk.)
Bagous sp.
Notaris acridulus (L.)
Pseudostyphlus pillumus (Gyl.)
Ceutorhynchus litura (F.)
Ceuthorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet.
Tychius sp.
Mecinus pyraster (Hbst.)
Gymnetron pascuorum (Gyll.)
Totals
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
2
2
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
2
-
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
-
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
-
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
2
-
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
6
1
4
1
12
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
9
2
-
84
30
122
114
+ present
14
139 120
273
Species
Group
3
3
3
5
Table 12: Other 1st Century AD Insects
Minimum Number of Individuals
OTHER 1ST CENTURY AD INSECTS
Context / Sample
Forficula auricularia L.
Trichoptera gen. et sp. indet.
larval case
Heterogaster urticae (F.)
Saldula S. Saldula sp.
Heteroptera gen.et sp. indet.
Philaenus or Neophilaenus sp.
Megophthalmus scanicus (Fal.) or
scabripennis Ed.
Aphrodes bicinctus (Schr.)
A. histrionicus (F.)
A. cf. fuscofasciatus (Gz.)
Aphrodes sp.
Aphidoidea gen. et sp. indet.
Homoptera gen. et sp. indet.
Myrmica scabrinodis gp.
female
M. scabrinodis gp.
worker
Lasius flavus gp.
worker
L. niger gp.
worker
Lasius sp.
male
Hymenoptera gen. et sp. indet. (not
Formicidae)
Chironomid larval head capsule
Bibionidae gen. et sp. indet.
Dipteran adults (not Bibionidae)
Musca cf. domestica L.
puparia
Dipteran puparia
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
1704/C/5
2490
6
962/A
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
1
-
1
-
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
2
-
2
1
1
9
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
19
5
5
3
7
1
2
+
1
-
1
1
-
+
3
+
1
-
+
1
4
+
2
1
+ present
15
Table 13: 1st Century AD Mollusca
Minimum Number of Individuals
1ST CENTURY AD MOLLUSCA
577/A
577/N/4
1528/A/3
2490
6
962/A
Aplexa hypnorum (L.)
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
L. palustris (Müll.)
L. peregra (Müll.)
Lymnaea sp.
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Armiger crista (L.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.)
V. pygmaea (Drap.)
Pupilla muscorum (L.)
Vallonia pulchella (Müll.)
V. excentrica Sterki
Vallonia spp.
Trichia plebeia (Drap.) or hispida (L.)
Pisidium sp.
6
95
1
2
-
1
3
2
3
-
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
5
1
1
25
1
1
5
9
8
1
2
1
1
7
1
-
6
1
1
1
3
-
Total
104
9
24
28
35
12
Context / Sample
+ present
16
Table 14: Early Roman Pollen and Spores
No. of Pollen Grains and Spores
EARLY ROMAN POLLEN AND SPORES
Context / Sample
SPORES
Sphagnum sp.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Polypodium sp.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.)
Kuhn
Filicales
POLLEN
Pinus sylvestris L.
Ranunculus tp.
Thalictrum tp.
Sinapis tp.
Hornungia tp.
cf. Cruciferae
Chenopodiaceae
Geranium sp.
Filipendula sp.
Umbelliferae 2
Umbelliferae 3
Oxyria tp.
Rumex acetosa L.
Rumex sp.
Ulmus sp.
Betula sp.
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert.
Corylus avellana L.
Quercus sp.
bog moss
clubmoss
bracken
pine
buttercups etc
meadow rue
crane's-bill
dropwort
sorrel
dock
elm
birch
alder
hazel
oak
Percentage of Identified Pollen
766/6
2160/B/5
1318/C/3
2495/A/2
766/6
2160/B
1318/C/3
2495/A/2
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
4
6
-
1
3
1
4
7
-
1
2
3
-
-
18
3
-
-
13
1
2
9
1
1
2
2
5
1
1
3
1
1
9
15
1
4
1
5
1
3
3
3
3
9
1
1
2
1
3
2
17
2
2
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
6
1
2
10
1
1
2
2
6
1
1
4
1
1
11
18
1
5
1
6
1
3
3
3
3
8
1
1
2
1
2
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
17
No. of Pollen Grains and Spores
EARLY ROMAN POLLEN AND SPORES
766/6
2160/B/5
1318/C/3
2495/A/2
766/6
2160/B
1318/C/3
2495/A/2
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
-
1
4
1
1
-
3
2
1
4
18
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
-
1
4
1
1
-
2
1
1
3
13
1
1
-
pondweed
3
1
10
6
14
-
3
9
-
3
21
4
-
2
1
6
1
3
1
11
7
16
-
4
11
-
3
19
4
-
1
1
4
1
reedmace
sedges
wheat
cereal
grass
3
21
4
2
14
1
16
3
30
14
1
38
3
23
5
2
16
1
14
3
27
10
1
28
11
1
90
4
7
85
3
2
111
19
5
138
12
1
100
5
8
100
3
2
100
14
4
100
Context / Sample
Salix sp.
Fraxinus excelsior L.
cf. Digitalis purpurea L.
Rhinanthus tp.
Lamium tp.
Plantago major / media tp.
P. lanceolata L.
Galium tp.
Scabiosa columbaria L.
S. columbaria L. or Succisa
pratensis Moen.
Bidens tp.
Anthemis tp.
cf. Artemisia sp.
Centaurea scabiosa L.
C. nigra tp.
cf. Compositae - Tubuliflorae
Compositae - Liguliflorae
cf. Potamogeton Sect.
Eupotamogeton sp.
Typha latifolia L.
Cyperaceae
Triticum tp.
cf. Cerealia
Gramineae
Total tree pollen
Total shrub pollen
Total identified pollen
Percentage of Identified Pollen
willow
ash
foxglove
yellow rattle
plantain
ribwort plantain
bedstraw etc
small scabious
scabious
mayweed
mugwort
greater knapweed
knapweed
18
Table 15: Early Roman Waterlogged Seeds
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
kingcup
meadow buttercup
creeping buttercup
small-flowered buttercup
lesser spearwort
water crowfoot
meadow rue
poppy
17
9
1
2
-
2
10
-
3
9
1
1
2
6
4
18
2
2
1
1
8
41
1
-
10
-
5
60
-
3
8
3
14
70
3
-
poppy
opium poppy
fumitory
wild turnip
7
1
5
-
3
1
+
-
1
1
-
1
1
-
2
-
18
wild radish
swine cress
shepherd's purse
yellow rocket
water cress
hedge garlic
dyer's rocket
pansy
St. John's wort
white campion
ragged robin
corn cockle
mouse-ear chickweed
5
1
4
1
1
1
1
+
1
2
3
-
1
1
1
2
-
1
12
-
4
-
2
1
2
+
1
1
-
2
10
1
-
Context / Sample
Caltha palustris L.
Ranunculus cf. acris L.
R. cf. repens L.
R. parviflorus L
R. flammula L.
Ranunculus S. Batrachium sp.
Thalictrum flavum L
Papaver rhoeas L., dubium L., lecoqii
Lamotte or hybridum L.
P. argemone L.
P. somniferum L.
Fumaria sp.
Brassica rapa L. ssp. sylvestris (L.)
Janchen
Brassica sp.
Raphanus raphanistrum L.
Coronopus squamatus (Forsk.) Asch.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) C.&G.
Reseda luteola L.
Viola S. Melanium sp.
Hypericum sp.
Silene cf. latifolia (Poir.) (alba)
Lychnis flos-cuculi L.
Agrostemma githago L.
Cerastium cf. fontanum Baumg.
19
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
common mallow
flax
fairy flax
buckthorn
vetch or vetchling
black medick
meadowsweet
blackberry
silverweed
creeping cinquefoil
parsley piert
rose
bullace, damson
1
1
5
1
11
2
4
6
8
-
5
16
9
6
1
1
4
1
+
3
13
4
5
4
1
2
4
3
2
1
2
-
5
1
6
31
3
3
-
1
7
7
3
1
1
2
2
7
1
-
9
22
4
1
1
3
8
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
plum, bullace etc.
cherry
hawthorn
pear
purple loosestrife
willow-herb
starwort
pennywort
+
1
-
3
22
-
1
2
-
1
-
1
1
3
7
-
3
12
40
1
-
1
2
14
-
Context / Sample
Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moen.
Stellaria media gp.
Spergula arvensis L.
Chenopodium polyspermum L.
C. album L.
C. cf. rubrum L.
Atriplex sp.
Chenopodiaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Malva sylvestris L.
Linum usitatissimum L.
L. catharticum L.
Rhamnus catharticus L.
Vicia or Lathyrus sp.
Medicago lupulina L.
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Rubus fruticosus agg.
Potentilla anserina L.
P. cf. reptans L.
Aphanes arvensis agg.
Rosa sp.
Prunus domestica L. cf. ssp. insititia (l.)
Schn.
P. domestica L.
P. avium L.
Crataegus cf. monogyna Jacq.
Pyrus pyraster Burg.
Lythrum salicaria L.
Epilobium sp.
Callitriche sp.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.
water chickweed
chickweed
corn spurrey
all-seed
fat hen
red goosefoot
orache
20
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Chaerophyllum temulentum L.
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoff.
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
Coriandrum sativum L.
Sium latifolium L.
Berula erecta (Huds.) Cov.
Oenanthe aquatica gp.
Aethusa cynapium L.
Conium maculatum L.
Apium graveolens L.
A. nodiflorum (L.) Lag.
Anethum graveolens L.
Angelica sylvestris L.
Pastinaca sativa L.
Heracleum sphondylium L.
Torilis cf. nodosa (L.) Gaert.
Torilis sp.
Daucus carota L.
Bryonia cretica L. ssp. dioica (Jacq.) Tutin
Euphorbia exigua L.
Polygonum aviculare L.
P. persicaria L.
P. lapathifolium L.
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Löve
Rumex obtusifolius L.
R. conglomeratus Mur.
Rumex sp.
Urtica urens L.
U. dioica L.
Corylus avellana L.
rough chervil
cow parsley
shepherd's needle
coriander
water parsnip
water parsnip
water-dropwort
fool's parsley
hemlock
celery
fool's watercress
dill
wild angelica
wild parsnip
cow parsnip
hedge parsley
hedge parsley
wild carrot
white bryony
dwarf spurge
knotgrass
red shank
pale persicaria
black bindweed
broad-leaved dock
sharp dock
dock
small nettle
stinging nettle
hazel
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
3
4
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
+
1
4
1
8
1
16
3
3
5
10
1
1
2
1
2
1
138
7
1
2
1
4
5
5
2
19
-
2
1
1
1
4
2
3
5
9
-
9
1
6
1
3
178
-
1
1
1
6
75
-
20
5
46
2
2
+
17
3
3
2
19
22
396
1
3
1
3
7
-
1
4
1
-
21
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
cowslip or oxlip
scarlet pimpernel
1
8
-
1
2
3
-
1
-
-
-
2
brookweed
ash
forget-me-not
henbane
woody nightshade
brooklime or water
speedwell
red rattle
yellow rattle
red bartsia
water mint
gipsywort
selfheal
hedge woundwort
woundwort
black horehound
dead nettle
white dead nettle
hemp-nettle
ground-ivy
bugle
great plantain
ribwort plantain
goosegrass
bedstraw
elder
8
1
-
3
1
-
2
1
-
-
1
-
5
30
2
10
-
1
-
20
-
4
6
+
6
1
6
1
1
2
5
7
1
3
4
1
20
5
9
6
7
2
1
1
-
13
2
+
72
2
1
3
1
1
3
6
9
2
1
1
3
85
2
1
2
1
7
1
1
2
8
1
4
9
117
4
1
1
3
3
1
20
3
-
Context / Sample
Primula veris L. or elatior (L.) Hill
Anagallis arvensis L.
Primulaceae gen. et sp. indet. (not
Samolus)
Samolus valerandi L.
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Myosotis sp.
Hyoscyamus niger L.
Solanum cf. dulcamara L.
Veronica Sect. Beccabunga sp.
Pedicularis palustris L.
Rhinanthus sp.
Odontites verna (Bell.) Dum.
Mentha cf. aquatica L.
Lycopus europaeus L.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Stachys cf. sylvatica L.
Stachys sp.
Ballota nigra L.
Lamium sp. (not album)
Lamium cf. album L.
Galeopsis tetrahit agg.
Glechoma hederacea L.
Ajuga reptans L.
Plantago major L.
P. cf. lanceolata L.
Galium aparine L.
Galium sp. (not aparine)
Sambucus nigra L.
22
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Viburnum opulus L.
Valerianella rimosa Bast.
V. dentata (L.) Pol.
Valeriana sp. cf. dioica
Valeriana sp. cf. dioica
Scabiosa columbaria L.
Senecio cf. jacobaea L. or erucifolius L.
S. cf. aquaticus Hill
Senecio sp.
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bern.
Eupatorium cannabinum L.
Anthemis cotula L.
Achillea cf. millefolium L.
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. B.
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Arctium sp.
Carduus sp.
cf. Cirsium sp.
Centaurea cf. nigra L.
Lapsana communis L.
Leontodon sp.
Picris hieracioides L.
Sonchus arvensis L.
S. oleraceus L.
S. asper (L.) Hill
Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl.
Alisma sp.
Potamogeton cf. coloratus Horn.
Potamogeton sp.
Juncus effusus gp.
guelder-rose
corn salad
corn salad
valerian
valerian
small scabious
ragwort
marsh ragwort
ragwort or groundsel
fleabane
hemp agrimony
stinking mayweed
yarrow
scentless mayweed
ox-eye daisy
burdock
thistle
thistle
knapweed
nipplewort
hawkbit
ox-tongue
filed milk thistle
sow thistle
sow-thistle
lesser water-plantain
water-plantain
fen pondweed
pondweed
tussock rush
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
2
2
6
2
1
20
1
1
2
8
11
5
2
-
+
+
1
2
3
1
10
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
-
3
3
1
11
1
9
29
+
2
6
2
1765
1
1
10
1
1
5
2
1
411
+
1
23
1
2
2
1
10
1
4
7
-
1
1
1
-
9
8
1
1
6
2
6
204
30
29
53
80
23
Number of Seeds
EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
J. bufonius gp.
J. articulatus gp.
Juncus spp.
Iris pseudacorus L.
Lemna sp.
Sparganium erectum L.
Eleocharis S. Palustres sp.
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br.
Carex spp.
Cyperaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Bromus S. Eubromus sp.
cf. Triticum sp.
Danthonia decumbens (L.) DC.
Gramineae gen. et sp. indet.
Ignota
Total Seeds
toad rush
rush
rush
yellow flag
duckweed
bur-reed
spike rush
brittle scirpus
sedge
brome grass
wheat
heath grass
grass
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
83
10
2
1
35
15
3
20
80
10
1
10
2
16
1
100
10
5
9
1
2
9
2
10
949
90
1
52
197
3
62
22
70
40
15
41
11
20
20
40
8
1
3
31
181
2
1
6
43
12
50
60
6
6
-
30
110
1
1
1
35
3
2
5
385
484
301
3,444
523
722
1,142
220
824
+ present
24
Table 16: Other Early Roman Waterlogged Plant Remains
Number of Items
OTHER EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED PLANT REMAINS
Context / Sample
Bryophyta
Bud scale
Buxus sempervirens L.
Centaurea nigra L.
Cereal-type culm nodes
Chara sp.
Crataegus or Prunus sp.
Cyperaceae
Deciduous tree leaf fragments
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Gramineae
Hordeum sp.
Leaf abscission pad
Linum usitatissimum L.
Pinus pinea
Raphanus raphanistrum L.
Rosa or Rubus sp.
Rumex sp.
Salix viminalis L. or x
viminalis
Salix sp.
Salix sp.
Trifolium sp.
Trifolium sp.
Triticum spelta L.
T. dicoccum Schübl. or
spelta L.
T. spelta L.
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
+
46
10
1
+
19
11
3
+
14
+
2
1
3
1
-
+
2
3
+
+
-
6
1
2
-
+
4
1
1
-
+
7
1
3
8
1
3
1
-
1
-
+
-
(moss)
stem with leaves
(box)
(knapweed)
leaf
bracts
(stonewort)
(hawthorn or sloe)
(sedges etc)
oospores
thorny twigs
leaf fragments
(ash)
(grass)
(barley)
bud scale
leaf and stem fragments
rachis node
(flax)
(stone pine)
(wild radish)
(rose or blackberry)
(dock)
(osier)
capsule fragments
cone
capsule fragments
prickle
stem fragment
leaf fragment
2
19
6
-
(willow)
(willow)
(clover)
(clover)
(spelt wheat)
(emmer or spelt
wheat)
(spelt wheat)
bud
capsule
calyx and flower
capsule lid
spikelet
spikelet
10
2
11
1
12
2
-
10
28
3
7
-
5
33
7
-
1
-
11
-
14
3
1
-
2
-
-
glume
2
-
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
Number of Items
OTHER EARLY ROMAN WATERLOGGED PLANT REMAINS
Context / Sample
Triticum sp.
Vicia or Lathyrus sp.
(wheat)
(vetch)
glume
pod fragment
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
8
11
-
18
17
-
-
-
-
-
+ present
26
Table 17: Early Roman Coleoptera
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Carabus granulatus L.
Leistus spinibarbis (F.)
Nebria brevicollis (F.)
Elaphrus cupreus Duft.
Loricera pilicornis (F.)
Dyschirius globosus (Hbst.)
Clivina collaris (Hbst.) or fossor (L.)
Trechus obtusus Er. or quadristriatus (Schr.)
T. secalis (Pk.)
Bembidion properans Step.
B. lampros (Hbst.) or properans Step.
B. tetracolum Say
B. doris (Pz.)
B. obtusum Ser.
B. biguttatum (F.)
B. guttula (F.)
B. lunulatum (Fouc.)
Pterostichus gracilis (Dej.)
P. melanarius (Ill.)
P. nigrita (Pk.)
P. vernalis (Pz.)
P. cupreus L. or versicolor (Sturm)
Pterostichus sp.
Calathus fuscipes (Gz.)
Agonum albipes (F.)
A. muelleri (Hbst.)
A. viduum (Pz.)
Amara cf. anthobia Vil.
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
-
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
4
1
-
1
1
2
1
1
-
2
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
-
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
-
27
Species
Group
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
A. cf. plebeja (Gyl.)
A. tibialis (Pk.)
Amara spp.
Harpalus rufipes (Deg.)
H. azureus (F.)
Harpalus S. Ophonus sp. (not azureus)
H. affinis (Schr.)
Badister bipustulatus (F.)
B. unipustulatus Bon.
Dromius quadrimaculatus (L.)
Haliplus sp.
Hydroporus sp.
Agabus bipustulatus (L.)
Agabus sp. (not bipustulatus)
Colymbetes fuscus (L.)
Helophorus grandis Ill.
H. aquaticus (L.) or grandis Ill.
H. nubilus F.
H. cf. obscurus Muls.
Helophorus sp. (brevipalpis size)
Coelostoma orbiculare (F.)
Cercyon analis (Pk.)
C. haemorrhoidalis (F.)
C. melanocephalus (L.)
C. pygmaeus (Ill.)
C. unipunctatus (L.)
Cercyon spp.
Megasternum obscurum (Marsh.)
Cryptopleurum minutum (F.)
Hydrobius fuscipes (L.)
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
-
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
-
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
-
1
2
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
-
28
Species
Group
6b
6a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
7
1
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Anacaena sp. (not globulus)
Onthophilus striatus (Forst.)
Paralister purpurascens (Hbst.)
Atholus duodecimstriatus (Schr.)
Ochthebius bicolon Germ.
O. minimus (F.)
Ochthebius spp.
Hydraena riparia Kug.
H. testacea Curt.
Limnebius nitidus (Marsh.)
L. papposus Muls.
Ptenidium sp.
Ptiliidae gen. et sp. indet. (not Ptenidium)
Choleva sp.
Choleva or Catops sp.
Colon sp.
Silpha atrata L.
Micropeplus fulvus Er.
M. porcatus (Pk.)
Megarthrus sp.
Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyl.)
Lesteva heeri Fauv.
L. longoelytrata (Gz.)
Lesteva sp.
Omalium rivulare (Pk.)
Omalium sp.
Xylodromus depressus (Grav.)
Carpelimus bilineatus Step.
C. cf. corticinus (Grav.)
C. cf. pusillus (Grav.)
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
6
5
1
2
-
2
4
1
1
8
3
-
2
1
9
1
15
5
1
3
-
1
1
2
1
1
3
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
9
8
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
-
1
1
4
9
2
1
1
4
1
2
1
-
29
Species
Group
1
1
1
1
1
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
C. cf. rivularis (Mots.)
Platystethus arenarius (Fouc.)
P. cornutus gp.
P. nitens (Sahl.)
P. nodifrons (Man.)
Anotylus nitidulus (Grav.)
A. rugosus (F.)
A. sculpturatus gp.
A. cf. tetracarinatus (Block)
Stenus biguttatus (L.)
Stenus spp.
Lathrobium longulum Grav.
Lathrobium spp. (not longulum)
Sunius sp.
Rugilus orbiculatus (Pk.)
R. rufipes Germ.
Gyrohypnus angustatus Step.
G. fracticornis gp.
Xantholinus glabratus (Grav.)
X. linearis (Ol.)
X. longiventris Heer
X. linearis (Ol.) or longiventris Heer
Philonthus intermedius (B. & L.) or laminatus (Creutz.)
Philonthus spp.
Gabrius sp.
Staphylinus caesareus Ced. or dimidiaticornis Gem.
Staphylinus aeneocephalus Deg. or fortunatarum (Woll.)
S. olens Müll.
Tachyporus spp.
Tachinus sp.
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
1
1
1
2
-
2
1
1
5
7
3
1
2
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
6
1
1
1
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
1
9
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
6
5
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
3
10
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
-
30
Species
Group
7
7
7
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Aleocharinae gen. et sp. indet.
Brachygluta sp.
Pselaphidae gen. et sp. indet. (not Brachygluta)
Geotrupes sp.
Colobopterus erraticus (L.)
Aphodius cf. constans Duft.
A. contaminatus (Hbst.)
A. equestris (Pz.)
A. fimetarius L.
A. foetidus (Hbst.)
A. granarius (L.)
A. cf. prodromus (Brahm)
A. cf. pusillus (Hbst.)
A. rufipes (L.)
A. cf. sphacelatus (Pz.)
Aphodius spp.
Oxyomus sylvestris (Scop.)
Onthophagus cf. coenobita (Hbst.)
O. ovatus (L.)
O. cf. similis (Scrib.)
Hoplia philanthus (Fues.)
Phyllopertha horticola (L.)
cf. Cyphon sp.
Limnichus pygmaeus (Sturm)
Dryops sp.
Agrypnus murinus (L.)
Melanotus erythropus (Gm.)
Athous haemorrhoidalis (F.)
A. hirtus (Hbst.)
Agriotes lineatus (L.)
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
-
8
1
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
3
1
2
-
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
5
2
2
1
18
-
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
-
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
-
3
1
3
5
-
31
Species
Group
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
11
1
11
11
11
11
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
A. obscurus (L.)
Agriotes sp. (not above)
Adrastus pallens (F.)
A. pallens (F.)
Cantharis rustica Fal.
Rhagonycha femoralis (Brul.)
R. fulva (Scop.)
Rhagonycha sp.
Anobium punctatum (Deg.)
Tipnus unicolor (P. & M.)
Ptinus fur (L.)
Malachius viridis F.
Malachius sp.
Kateretes rufilabris (Lat.)
Brachypterus urticae (F.)
Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.)
Meligethes sp.
Rhizophagus sp.
Cryptophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (not Atomariinae)
Atomaria spp.
Ephistemus globulus (Pk.)
Corylophus cassidoides (Marsh.)
Orthoperus sp.
Coccidula rufa (Hbst.)
Mycetaea hirta (Marsh.)
Stephostethus angusticollis (Gyl.)
Lathridius minutus gp.
Enicmus transversus (Ol.)
Corticaria punctulata Marsh.
Corticariinae gen. et sp. indet.
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
3
1
-
2
1
5
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
6
1
1
6
1
3
1
1
2
4
3
10
10
5
26
3
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
32
Species
Group
11
10
9a
9a
8
8
8
8
8
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Typhaea stercorea (L.)
Tenebrio molitor L.
Anthicus antherinus (L.)
Donacia sp.
Plateumaris sericea (L.)
Oulema sp.
Timarcha tenebricosa (F.)
Chrysolina hyperici (Forst.)
C. polita (L.)
Gastrophysa viridula (Deg.)
Phaedon tumidulus (Germ.)
Hydrothassa glabra (Hbst.)
H. marginella (L.)
Prasocuris phellandrii (L.)
Phyllodecta vitellinae (L.)
Phyllotreta atra (F.)
P. nigripes (F.)
P. nemorum (L.) or undulata Kuts.
P. vittula Redt.
Aphthona cf. atrovirens Foerst.
A. nonstriata (Gz.)
Longitarsus spp.
Altica sp.
Chalcoides sp.
Epitrix pubescens (Koch)
Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh.)
Chaetocnema sp. (not concinna)
Psylliodes affinis (Pk.)
Psylliodes sp.
Rhynchites S. Caenorhinus sp.
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
-
1
1
1
1
1
-
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
-
1
1
-
1
1
2
1
-
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
-
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
-
33
Species
Group
9a
4
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Apion aeneum(Marsh.)
A. radiolus (Marsh.)
A. aethiops Hbst. or pisi (F.)
A. craccae (L.)
A. pomonae (F.)
A. cf. filirostre Kirb.
Apion spp. (not above)
Phyllobius roboretanus Gred. or viridiaeris (Laich.)
Barypeithes araneiformis (Schr.)
Sitona hispidulus (F.)
S. cf. lineatus (L.)
Sitona spp.
Hypera punctata (F.)
Hypera sp. (not punctata)
Alophus triguttatus (F.)
Magdalis ruficornis (L.)
M. cf. ruficornis (L.)
Tanysphyrus lemnae (Pk.)
Rhyncolus lignarius (Marsh.)
Bagous sp.
Notaris acridulus (L.)
Cidnorhinus quadrimaculatus (L.)
Ceutorhynchus erysimi (F.)
C. floralis (Pk.)
C. pollinarius (Forst.)
Ceuthorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet.
Anthonomus cf. rubi (Hbst.)
Tychius sp.
Mecinus pyraster (Hbst.)
Gymnetron labile (Hbst.)
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
-
1
3
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
15
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
2
-
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
-
34
Species
Group
3
3
3
4
4
5
4
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Hylesinus crenatus (F.)
Leperisinus varius (F.)
Totals
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
74
124
35
Species
Group
Table 18: Other Early Roman Insects
Minimum Number of Individuals
OTHER EARLY ROMAN INSECTS
Context / Sample
Forficula auricularia L.
Trichoptera gen. et sp. indet.
Sehirus bicolor (L.)
Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (L.)
Eurydema oleracea (L.)
Pentatomidae gen. et sp. indet.
Heterogaster urticae (F.)
cf. Aphanus rolandri (L.)
Graptopeltus lynceus (F.)
Scolopostethus sp.
Lygaeidae gen. et sp. indet.
Anthocorinae gen. et sp. indet.
Saldula S. Saldula sp.
Aphrophora sp.
Philaenus or Neophilaenus sp.
Megophthalmus scanicus (Fal.) or scabripennis Ed.
Aphrodes bicinctus (Schr.)
A. cf. fuscofasciatus (Gz.)
Aphrodes sp.
Aphidoidea gen. et sp. indet.
Homoptera gen. et sp. indet.
Myrmica scabrinodis gp.
Stenamma westwoodi West.
Formica cf. fusca L.
Lasius flavus gp.
Lasius sp.
Hymenoptera gen. et sp. indet. (not Formicidae)
Chironomid larval head capsule
larval case
worker
worker
female
worker
male
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
29
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
+
1
2
1
3
1
-
1
1
1
1
+
1
1
-
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
10
1
6
4
1
21
-
1
1
1
-
26
1
1
9
1
3
1
5
8
+
36
Minimum Number of Individuals
OTHER EARLY ROMAN INSECTS
Context / Sample
Bibionidae gen. et sp. indet.
Dipteran adults (not Bibionidae)
Sphaerocerid puparia
Melophagus ovinus (L.)
Dipteran puparia
puparium
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
1318/C/3
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
-
5
7
4
6
1
2
1
4
-
-
1
-
2
3
2
-
3
3
+ present
37
Table 19: Early Roman Mollusca
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN MOLLUSCA
Context / Sample
Valvata cristata (Müll.)
Bithynia tentaculata (L.)
Bithynia sp.
Carychium sp.
Aplexa hypnorum (L.)
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
L. palustris (Müll.)
L. peregra (Müll.)
Lymnaea sp.
Planorbis planorbis (L.)
P. carinatus Müll.
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.)
V. pygmaea (Drap.)
Vertigo sp.
Lauria cylindrica (da C.)
Vallonia costata (Müll.)
V. pulchella (Müll.)
Vallonia spp.
Punctum pygmaeum (Drap.)
Discus rotundatus (Müll.)
Vitrea sp.
Aegopinella nitidula (Drap.)
Oxychilus cellarius (Müll.)
Limax or Deroceras sp.
Trichia plebeia (Drap.) or hispida (L.)
Cepaea sp.
38
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
1
-
3
1
2
1
10
2
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
5
3
-
11
2
1
-
4
4
26
1
1
1
1
2
1
-
5
2
24
2
1
4
4
4
1
3
-
1
11
19
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
-
3
21
12
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
8
-
Minimum Number of Individuals
EARLY ROMAN MOLLUSCA
766/6
2160/B/5
1202/15
2839/A/5
2867/A/6
2906/4
1487/A
2495/A/2
Helix aspersa Müll.
Pisidium sp.
-
1
1
-
-
4
2
1
10
Total
1
31
11
14
45
52
45
77
Context / Sample
+ present
39
Table 20: Late Roman Pollen and Spores
No. of Pollen Grains
and Spores
LATE ROMAN POLLEN AND SPORES
502/7
700/S/3
bracken
-
6
4
-
3.5
2.5
pine
buttercups etc
meadow rue
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
5
-
1
4
1
1
8
4
4
1
2
4
3
1
2
1
2
13
2
4
2
2
2
2
7
4
4
11
-
0.5
2.5
0.5
0.5
4.5
2.5
2.5
0.5
1.0
2.5
1.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
Context / Sample
SPORES
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
Filicales
POLLEN
Pinus sp.
Ranunculus tp.
Thalictrum tp.
Sinapis tp.
Aesculus sp.
Lotus sp.
Filipendula sp.
Umbelliferae 1
Umbelliferae 2
Umbelliferae 3
Oxyria / Rumex acetosella tp.
R. acetosella agg.
Rumex acetosa L.
Ulmus sp.
Betula sp.
Corylus avellana L.
Quercus sp.
cf. Quercus sp.
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Rhinanthus tp.
Marrubium
Percentage of
Identified Pollen
horse-chestnut
dropwort or meadow sweet
sheep's sorrel
sorrel
elm
birch
hazel
oak
oak
heather
ash
yellow rattle
horehound
40
No. of Pollen Grains
and Spores
LATE ROMAN POLLEN AND SPORES
Percentage of
Identified Pollen
502/7
700/S/3
1
1
2
9
2
5
4
7
1
3
1
5
4
2
2
33
2
72
2
2
4
20
4
11
2.5
4.0
0.5
1.5
0.5
3.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
19.0
1.0
41.5
Total tree pollen
Total shrub pollen
Total identified pollen
13
0
46
6
4
173
28
0
100
3.5
2.5
100
Unidentified pollen type x
102
-
222
-
Context / Sample
tp.
Plantago major / media tp.
P. lanceolata L.
Succisa pratensis Moen.
Bidens tp.
Aster tp.
Anthemis tp.
Artemisia sp.
Cirsium sp.
Centaurea nigra tp.
Compositae - Liguliflorae
cf. Sparganium sp.
Cyperaceae
Gramineae
plantain
ribwort plantain
devil's-bit scabious
bur-marigold
mayweed
mugwort
thistle
knapweed
bur-reed
sedges
grass
41
Table 21: Late Roman Waterlogged Seeds
Number of Seeds
LATE ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
2721/3
kingcup
meadow buttercup
creeping buttercup
bulbous buttercup
lesser spearwort
water crowfoot
meadow rue
poppy
1
4
3
7
1
-
1
2
11
1
1
2
3
1
12
-
1
-
poppy
opium poppy
wild turnip
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
-
-
1
1
12
18
1
1
1
1
2
137
10
1
12
1
1
1
8
2
1
5
1
-
6
1
4
26
1
1
1
8
1
-
1
6
3
2
1
1
1
2
5
24
40
5
10
3
1
2
1
8
1
1
1
1
29
4
1
2
1
8
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
Context / Sample
Caltha palustris L.
Ranunculus cf. acris L.
R. cf. repens L.
R. cf. bulbosus L.
R. flammula L.
Ranunculus S. Batrachium sp.
Thalictrum flavum L
Papaver rhoeas L., dubium L., lecoqii
Lamotte or hybridum L.
P. argemone L.
P. somniferum L.
Brassica rapa L. ssp. sylvestris (L.)
Janchen
B. nigra (L.) Koch
Brassica sp. (not above)
Coronopus squamatus (Forsk.) Asch.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) C.&G.
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Cruciferae gen. et sp. indet.
Reseda luteola L.
Viola S. Melanium sp.
Hypericum sp.
Silene cf. latifolia (Poir.) (alba)
Lychnis flos-cuculi L.
Agrostemma githago L.
Cerastium cf. fontanum Baumg.
Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moen.
Stellaria media gp.
Arenaria sp.
Chenopodium album L.
C. cf. rubrum L.
Atriplex sp.
Chenopodiaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Malva sylvestris L.
Linum usitatissimum L.
L. catharticum L.
Buxus sempervirens L.
Rhamnus catharticus L.
Medicago lupulina L.
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Potentilla anserina L.
P. cf. erecta (L.) Räuch.
P. cf. reptans L.
Fragaria vesca L.
Rosa sp.
Prunus domestica L. cf. ssp. insititia (L.)
Schn.
P. domestica L.
black mustard
cultivated brassica
swine cress
shepherd's purse
yellow rocket
hedge garlic
hedge mustard
dyer's rocket
pansy
St. John's wort
white campion
ragged robin
corn cockle
mouse-ear chickweed
water chickweed
chickweed
sandwort
fat hen
red goosefoot
orache
common mallow
flax
fairy flax
box
buckthorn
black medick
meadowsweet
silverweed
tormentil
creeping cinquefoil
wild strawberry
rose
bullace, damson
plum, bullace etc.
42
Number of Seeds
LATE ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Lythrum salicaria L.
Epilobium sp.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.
Chaerophyllum temulentum L.
Anthriscus caucalis Bieb.
A. sylvestris (L.) Hoff.
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
Coriandrum sativum L.
Sium latifolium L.
Aethusa cynapium L.
Foeniculum vulgare Mil.
Conium maculatum L.
Apium graveolens L.
Angelica sylvestris L.
Heracleum sphondylium L.
Torilis sp.
Daucus carota L.
Polygonum aviculare L.
P. persicaria L.
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Löve
Rumex obtusifolius L.
Rumex spp.
Urtica urens L.
U. dioica L.
Primula veris L. or elatior (L.) Hill
Anagallis arvensis L.
Primulaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Fraxinus excelsior L.
Hyoscyamus niger L.
Solanum cf. dulcamara L.
S. cf. nigrum L.
Odontites verna (Bell.) Dum.
Mentha cf. aquatica L.
Lycopus europaeus L.
Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dan.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Stachys sp.
Ballota nigra L.
Lamium sp. (not album)
Galeopsis tetrahit agg.
Glechoma hederacea L.
Plantago major L.
Galium aparine L.
Galium sp. (not aparine)
Galium sp.
Sambucus nigra L.
Viburnum opulus L.
Valerianella rimosa Bast.
V. dentata (L.) Pol.
Bidens tripartita L.
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bern.
Anthemis cotula L.
purple loosestrife
willow-herb
pennywort
rough chervil
bur chervil
cow parsley
shepherd's needle
coriander
water parsnip
fool's parsley
fennel
hemlock
celery
wild angelica
cow parsnip
hedge parsley
wild carrot
knotgrass
red shank
black bindweed
broad-leaved dock
dock
small nettle
stinging nettle
cowslip or oxlip
scarlet pimpernel
ash
henbane
woody nightshade
black nightshade
red bartsia
water mint
gipsywort
basil thyme
selfheal
woundwort
black horehound
dead nettle
hemp-nettle
ground-ivy
great plantain
goosegrass
bedstraw
bedstraw
elder
guelder-rose
corn salad
corn salad
bur marigold
fleabane
stinking mayweed
43
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
2721/3
1
10
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
4
1
15
28
5
1135
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
6
2
1
4
2
1
5
1
+
7
5
1
13
2
1
1
1
5
167
+
1
+
1
8
2
3
2
-
1
1
7
1
23
4
1
13
3
527
1
1
5
1
+
1
1
3
1
33
4
4
16
18
1
1
3
+
2
3
2
1
6
2
1
3
2
2
117
1
3
2
3
3
3
11
4
8
-
1
2
10
4
-
Number of Seeds
LATE ROMAN WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. B.
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Artemisia sp.
Arctium sp.
Carduus sp.
cf. Cirsium sp.
Onopordum acanthium L.
Centaurea sp.
Lapsana communis L.
Leontodon sp.
Picris hieracioides L.
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
Compositae gen. et sp. indet.
Alisma sp.
Potamogeton sp.
Juncus effusus gp.
J. bufonius gp.
J. articulatus gp.
Juncus spp.
Eleocharis S. Palustris sp.
Carex spp.
cf. Triticum sp.
Gramineae gen. et sp. indet.
Ignota
scentless mayweed
ox-eye daisy
mugwort
burdock
thistle
thistle
cotton thistle
knapweed or cornflower
nipplewort
hawkbit
hawkweed ox-tongue
sow-thistle
water-plantain
pondweed
tussock rush
toad rush
rush
rush
spike-rush
sedge
wheat
grass
Total Seeds
+ present
44
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
2721/3
5
5
2
2
56
2
+
5
121
132
241
90
5
34
+
20
12
4
1
3
12
50
10
100
20
1
7
31
11
1
3
+
2
1
2
1
1
1
120
880
40
3
19
1
4
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
30
120
190
120
5
35
24
13
1
10
30
140
20
4
1
5
2,216
521
1,901
780
230
Table 22: Other Late Roman Waterlogged Plant Remains
OTHER LATE ROMAN WATERLOGGED PLANT REMAINS
Number of Items
Context / Sample
Bryophyta
(moss)
Bud scale
Buxus sempervirens L.
(box)
B. sempervirens L.
(box)
B. sempervirens L.
(box)
B. sempervirens L.
(box)
Crataegus or Prunus sp.
(hawthorn or sloe)
Deciduous tree leaf fragment
Fraxinus excelsior L.
(ash)
Leaf abscission pad
Salix sp.
(willow)
Trifolium sp.
(clover)
Triticum spelta L.
(spelt wheat)
stem with leaves
flower bud
fruit fragment
leaf
twig
thorny twig
bud scale
bud
calyx
glume base
+ present
45
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
2721/3
+
2
+
3
5
12
1
2
1
+
+
4
7
-
+
2
13
4
15
10
+
1
7
1
1
+
6
6
-
2
-
Table 23: Late Roman Coleoptera
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Carabus granulatus L.
C. violaceus L.
Leistus spinibarbis (F.)
Nebria brevicollis (F.)
Notiophilus cf. aquaticus (L.)
N. biguttatus (F.)
Loricera pilicornis (F.)
Dyschirius globosus (Hbst.)
Trechus obtusus Er. or quadristriatus (Schr.)
T. micros (Hbst.)
Asaphidion flavipes (L.)
Bembidion properans Step.
B. lampros (Hbst.) or properans Step.
B. tetracolum Say
B. gilvipes Sturm
B. biguttatum (F.)
B. guttula (F.)
Stomis pumicatus (Pz.)
Pterostichus cupreus (L.)
P. diligens (Sturm)
P. longicollis (Duft.)
P. madidus (F.)
P. melanarius (Ill.)
P. cupreus L. or versicolor (Sturm)
Pterostichus sp.
Calathus fuscipes (Gz.)
C. melanocephalus (L.)
Agonum muelleri (Hbst.)
A. viduum (Pz.)
Amara cf. aenea (Deg.)
A. cf. anthobia Vil.
A. apricaria (Pk.)
A. aulica (Pz.)
Amara sp.
Harpalus rufipes (Deg.)
Harpalus S. Ophonus sp.
Bradycellus verbasci (Duft.)
Dromius linearis (Ol.)
D. quadrimaculatus (L.)
Haliplus sp.
Noterus clavicornis (Deg.)
Hydroporus sp.
Agabus bipustulatus (L.)
Agabus sp. (not bipustulatus)
Colymbetes fuscus (L.)
Helophorus grandis Ill.
H. aquaticus (L.) or grandis Ill.
Helophorus sp. (brevipalpis size)
Cercyon analis (Pk.)
C. atricapillus (Marsh.)
46
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
1
3
5
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
6
1
2
1
1
3
7
6
-
1
3
1
5
1
1
2
11
1
-
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
9
4
1
1
2
1
1
-
Species
Group
6b
6a
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
C. haemorrhoidalis (F.)
C. pygmaeus (Ill.)
C. terminatus (Marsh.)
C. unipunctatus (L.)
Cercyon spp.
Megasternum obscurum (Marsh.)
Hydrobius fuscipes (L.)
Anacaena bipustulata (Marsh.) or limbata (F.)
Laccobius sp.
Onthophilus striatus (Forst.)
Hister cf. bissexstriatus F.
Ochthebius cf. bicolon Germ.
O. minimus (F.)
Ochthebius spp.
Hydraena riparia Kug.
H. testacea Curt.
Limnebius nitidus (Marsh.)
L. papposus Muls.
Ptenidium sp.
Ptiliidae gen. et sp. indet.
Choleva or Catops sp.
Colon sp.
Silpha atrata L.
Scydmaenidae gen. et sp. indet.
Micropeplus fulvus Er.
M. porcatus (Pk.)
Metopsia retusa (Step.)
Megarthrus cf. denticollis (Beck)
Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyl.)
Phyllodrepoidea crenata (Grav.)
Lesteva longoelytrata (Gz.)
Lesteva sp.
Omalium rivulare (Pk.)
Omalium sp.
Xylodromus depressus (Grav.)
Coprophilus striatulus (F.)
Carpelimus cf. corticinus (Grav.)
Platystethus arenarius (Fouc.)
P. cornutus gp.
P. nitens (Sahl.)
P. nodifrons (Man.)
Anotylus nitidulus (Grav.)
A. rugosus (F.)
A. sculpturatus gp.
Stenus spp.
Paederus littoralis Grav.
Lathrobium sp.
Sunius sp.
Rugilus cf. erichsoni (Fauv.)
R. orbiculatus (Pk.)
Gyrohypnus fracticornis gp.
Xantholinus glabratus (Grav.)
47
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
7
4
17
3
4
5
10
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
7
18
8
1
1
1
1
2
4
3
1
1
1
4
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
-
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
3
5
2
2
2
1
2
-
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
-
Species
Group
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
X. linearis (Ol.)
X. longiventris Heer
X. linearis (Ol.) or longiventris Heer
Philonthus intermedius (B. & L.) or laminatus (Creutz.)
P. marginatus (Ström)
Philonthus spp.
Gabrius sp.
Platydracus pubescens (Deg.)
Staphylinus aeneocephalus Deg. or fortunatarum (Woll.)
S. olens Müll.
Quedius sp.
Mycetoporus sp.
Tachyporus spp.
Tachinus sp.
Aleocharinae gen. et sp. indet.
Pselaphidae gen. et sp. indet.
Geotrupes sp.
Aphodius contaminatus (Hbst.)
A. equestris (Pz.)
A. fimetarius L.
A. cf. fimetarius (L.)
A. foetidus (Hbst.)
A. granarius (L.)
A. luridus (F.)
A. cf. prodromus (Brahm)
A. cf. pusillus (Hbst.)
A. rufipes (L.)
A. cf. sphacelatus (Pz.)
Aphodius spp.
Oxyomus sylvestris (Scop.)
Onthophagus ovatus (L.)
Onthophagus sp. (not ovatus)
Hoplia philanthus (Fues.)
Phyllopertha horticola (L.)
Dascillus cervinus (L.)
cf. Cyphon sp.
Cytilus sericeus (Forst.)
Dryops sp.
Elmis aenea (Müll.)
Esolus parallelepipedus (Müll.)
Limnius volckmari (Pz.)
Agrypnus murinus (L.)
Athous haemorrhoidalis (F.)
A. hirtus (Hbst.)
Agriotes obscurus (L.)
A. sputator (L.)
Agriotes sp.
Trixagus obtusus (Curt.)
Cantharis sp.
Rhagonycha testacea (L.)
Ctesias serra (F.)
Grynobius planus (F.)
48
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
3
2
2
2
4
3
1
2
1
12
31
20
3
11
8
1
1
4
5
1
2
1
7
6
7
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
-
3
3
1
2
3
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
4
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
6
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
Species
Group
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
11
1
11
11
11
11
11
11
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Anobium punctatum (Deg.)
Tipnus unicolor (P. & M.)
Ptinus fur (L.)
Lyctus linearis (Gz.)
Brachypterus urticae (F.)
Meligethes sp.
Omosita discoidea (F.)
Monotoma bicolor Vil.
M. picipes Hbst.
Monotoma sp.
Cryptophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (not Atomariinae)
Atomaria spp.
Ephistemus globulus (Pk.)
Stilbus sp.
Orthoperus sp.
Coccidula rufa (Hbst.)
Scymnus sp.
Propylea quattuordecimpunctata (L.)
Mycetaea hirta (Marsh.)
Lathridius minutus gp.
Enicmus transversus (Ol.)
Corticariinae gen. et sp. indet.
Cis sp.
Typhaea stercorea (L.)
Aglenus brunneus (Gyl.)
Anthicus antherinus (L.)
Bruchus or Bruchidius sp.
Donacia sp.
Chrysolina hyperici (Forst.)
C. oricalcia (Müll.)
C. polita (L.)
Gastrophysa viridula (Deg.)
Phaedon tumidulus (Germ.)
Hydrothassa marginella (L.)
Prasocuris phellandrii (L.)
Phyllotreta atra (F.)
P. nigripes (F.)
P. nemorum (L.) or undulata Kuts.
P. vittula Redt.
Aphthona cf. atrovirens Foerst.
A. nonstriata (Gz.)
Longitarsus spp.
Altica sp.
Chalcoides sp.
Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh.)
Chaetocnema sp. (not concinna)
Psylliodes sp.
Brachytarsus fasciatus (Forst.)
Apion malvae (F.)
A. rufirostre (F.)
A. aeneum (Marsh.)
A. radiolus (Marsh.)
49
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
3
3
1
1
4
2
1
7
12
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
1
5
13
3
5
1
10
2
7
4
7
-
2
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
3
2
5
3
1
1
2
1
1
9
2
9
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
17
1
3
2
1
2
-
1
1
1
1
-
Species
Group
10
9a
9a
8
8
8
4
9a
4
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
A. urticarium (Hbst.)
A. aethiops Hbst. or pisi (F.)
A. cerdo Gerst.
A. craccae (L.)
A. pomonae (F.)
Apion spp. (not above species)
Otiorhynchus clavipes (Bons.)
Phyllobius roboretanus Gred. or viridiaeris (Laich.)
Barypeithes araneiformis (Schr.)
Strophosomus cf. faber (Hbst.)
Sitona hispidulus (F.)
S. lepidus Gyl.
Sitona sp.
Hypera sp. (not punctata)
Rhyncolus lignarius (Marsh.)
Notaris acridulus (L.)
Cidnorhinus quadrimaculatus (L.)
Ceutorhynchus erysimi (F.)
C. floralis (Pk.)
C. pollinarius (Forst.)
Ceuthorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet.
Anthonomus cf. rubi (Hbst.)
Tychius sp.
Gymnetron labile (Hbst.)
G. melanarium (Germ.)
G. pascuorum (Gyl.)
Leperisinus varius (F.)
Totals
+ present
50
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
3
1
1
2
1
26
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
8
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
-
545
100
250
57
Species
Group
3
3
3
4
Table 24: Other Late Roman Insects
Minimum Number of Individuals
OTHER LATE ROMAN INSECTS
Context / Sample
Forficula auricularia L.
Sehirus bicolor (L.)
Dolycoris baccarum (L.)
Eurydema oleracea (L.)
Heterogaster urticae (F.)
cf. Aphanus rolandri (L.)
Drymus sylvaticus (F.)
Scolopostethus sp.
Campylosteira verna (Fal.)
Anthocorinae gen. et sp. indet.
Miridae gen. et sp. indet.
Saldula S. Saldula sp.
Aphrophora sp.
Philaenus or Neophilaenus sp.
Aphrodes bicinctus (Schr.)
A. cf. albifrons (L.)
A. flavostriatus (Gz.)
A. histrionicus
A. cf. fuscofasciatus (Gz.)
Aphrodes sp.
Aphidoidea gen. et sp. indet.
Homoptera gen. et sp. indet.
Myrmica rubra (L.) or ruginodis Nyl.
M. scabrinodis gp.
M. scabrinodis gp.
Myrmica sp.
Stenamma westwoodi West.
S. westwoodi West.
Lasius fuliginosus (Lat.)
L. niger gp.
Lasius sp. (not fuliginosus)
Apis mellifera L.
Hymenoptera gen. et sp. indet. (not Formicidae)
Chironomid larval head capsule
Bibionidae gen. et sp. indet.
Dipteran adults (not Bibionidae)
Sphaerocerid puparia
Dipteran puparia
worker
female
worker
male
female
worker
female
worker
female
worker
+ present
51
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
10
1
5
6
3
4
10
1
6
1
2
21
2
1
4
5
7
5
1
2
7
1
1
1
1
34
4
21
4
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
3
+
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
2
1
4
2
16
+
5
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
Table 25: Late Roman Mollusca
Minimum Number of Individuals
LATE ROMAN MOLLUSCA
502/7
700/S/3
1989/B
2721/6
L. peregra (Müll.)
P. carinatus Müll.
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Planorbarius corneus (L.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo pygmaea (Drap.)
Vallonia costata (Müll.)
V. cf. pulchella (Müll.)
V. cf. excentrica Sterki
Vallonia spp.
Discus rotundatus (Müll.)
Nesovitrea hammonis (Ström)
Oxychilus cellarius (Müll.)
Limax or Deroceras sp.
Trichia plebeia (Drap.) or hispida (L.)
Cepaea sp.
Helix aspersa Müll.
1
1
4
5
1
7
1
5
1
13
1
-
9
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
21
-
1
13
2
2
1
2
6
3
22
1
2
2
1
1
3
-
Total
40
42
55
7
Context / Sample
+ present
52
Table 26: Villa Ditch and Alluvium Mollusca
Minimum Number of Individuals
VILLA DITCH AND ALLUVIUM MOLLUSCA
‹3›
‹2›
‹1›
456
Valvata cristata (Müll.)
V. macrostoma Mörsh
V. cf. macrostoma Mörsh
Bithynia tentaculata (L.)
B. leachii (Shep.)
Bithynia sp.
Carychium sp.
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
L. palustris (Müll.)
L. peregra (Müll.)
Lymnaea sp.
Planorbis planorbis (L.)
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo antivertigo (Drap.)
V. pygmaea (Drap.)
Vertigo sp.
Pupilla muscorum (L.)
Vallonia pulchella (Müll.)
V. excentrica Sterki
V. cf. excentrica Sterki
Vallonia spp.
Punctum pygmaeum (Drap.)
Nesovitrea hammonis (Ström)
Zonitoides nitidus (Müll.)
Limax or Deroceras sp.
Trichia plebeia (Drap.) or hispida (L.)
Cepaea sp.
Pisidium sp.
1
1
2
2
5
1
-
33
24
10
13
15
6
31
2
7
1
2
26
15
85
-
5
1
2
5
107
73
1
3
55
1
24
62
24
2
1
13
3
41
1
1
4
9
63
1
237
1
60
1
48
11
156
28
3
73
2
128
45
21
4
24
25
8
23
2
61
11
2
32
17
1
Total
12
270
502
1,024
Context / Sample
+ present
53
Table 27: Medieval Pollen and Spores
No. of Pollen Grains
and Spores
MEDIEVAL POLLEN AND SPORES
696/3
696/2
696/3
696/2
bracken
1
3
0.3
0.8
buttercups etc
12
3
1
1
7
3
+
6
1
14
8
-
12
1
1
1
1
3
9
+
1
5
7
+
+
1
1
1
2
1
1
+
3
+
4
4
34
5
+
4.2
1.0
0.3
0.3
2.4
1.0
+
2.1
0.3
4.9
2.8
-
3.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
2.4
+
0.3
1.3
1.9
+
+
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
+
0.8
+
1.1
1.1
9.1
1.3
+
2
1
11
94
23
1
100
2
1
10
63
12
1
186
0.7
0.3
3.8
32.6
8.0
0.3
34.7
0.5
0.3
2.7
16.9
3.2
0.3
49.9
0
7
288
5
1
373
0
2.4
100
1.3
0.3
100
4
7
1.4
1.9
Context / Sample
SPORES
Pteridium aquilinum (L.)
POLLEN
Ranunculus tp.
Cruciferae
Caryophyllaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Ilex aquifolium L.
? Ononis sp.
Trifolium pratense L.
Filipendula sp.
Potentilla tp.
Umbelliferae
Rumex sp.
Ulmus sp.
Betula sp.
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaert.
Corylus avellana L.
Fagus sylvatica L.
Quercus sp.
Salix sp.
Pedicularis sp.
Rhinanthus tp.
? Mentha tp.
? Lamium tp.
Prunella tp.
Plantago major L.
P. media L.
P. lanceolata L.
Galium tp.
cf. Scabiosa columbaria L.
or Succisa pratensis Moen.
Aster tp.
Anthemis tp.
Centaurea nigra tp.
Compositae - Liguliflorae
Cyperaceae
Cerealia
Gramineae
Percentage of
Identified Pollen
holly
restharrow
red clover
dropwort or meadowsweet
cinquefoil
dock
elm
birch
alder
hazel
beech
oak
willow
lousewort
yellow rattle
mint
dead-nettle
selfheal
great plantain
hoary plantain
ribwort plantain
bedstraw
scabious
mayweed
knapweed
sedges
cereal
grass
Total tree pollen
Total shrub pollen
Total identified pollen
Unidentified pollen
54
Table 28: Medieval Waterlogged Seeds
Number of Seeds
MEDIEVAL WATERLOGGED SEEDS
Context / Sample
Ranunculus cf. acris L.
R. cf. repens L.
R. flammula L.
Cardamine pratensis L.
C. cf. hirsuta L.
Nasturtium microphyllum (Boen.) Reich.
Lychnis flos-cuculi L.
Cerastium cf. fontanum Baumg.
Arenaria sp.
Linum catharticum L.
cf. Geranium sp.
Silaum silaus (L.) S. & T.
Daucus carota L.
Polygonum persicaria L.
Rumex acetosa L.
R. cf. acetosa L.
Urtica dioica L.
Primula veris L. or elatior (L.) Hill
Primulaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Myosotis sp.
Rhinanthus sp.
Plantago cf. lanceolata L.
Galium cf. verum L.
Sambucus nigra L.
Senecio cf. aquaticus Hill
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Centaurea cyanus L.
Centaurea nigra L.
Lapsana communis L.
Leontodon sp.
Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr.
Taraxacum sp.
Juncus inflexus L., effusus L. or conglomeratus L.
J. articulatus gp.
Juncus spp.
Carex spp.
Cyperaceae gen. et sp. indet.
Gramineae gen. et sp. indet.
Ignota
meadow buttercup
creeping buttercup
lesser spearwort
lady's smock
bitter-cress
water-cress
ragged robin
mouse-ear chickweed
sandwort
fairy flax
crane's-bill
pepper saxifrage
wild carrot
red shank
sorrel
sorrel
stinging nettle
cowslip or oxlip
forget-me-not
yellow rattle
ribwort plantain
lady's bedstraw
elder
marsh ragwort
ox-eye daisy
knapweed
knapweed
nipplewort
hawkbit
smooth hawks-beard
dandelion
tussock rush
rush
rush
sedge
grass
Total Seeds
+ present
55
696/3
696/2
31
3
2
27
38
10
7
1
1
25
28
2
5
3
4
2
2
2
2
36
+
22
1
8
3
8
10
110
20
64
174
32
72
6
+
3
4
1
+
41
50
9
22
1
5
8
2
8
5
19
3
12
+
+
44
27
9
4
4
350
50
88
1
96
2
683
946
Table 29: Other Medieval Waterlogged Plant Remains
Number of Items
OTHER MEDIEVAL WATERLOGGED PLANT REMAINS
Context / Sample
Bryophyta
Centaurea nigra L.
Rhinanthus sp.
Trifolium sp.
Trifolium sp.
Vicia or Lathyrus sp.
(moss)
(knapweed)
(yellow rattle)
(clover)
(clover)
(vetch etc.)
+ present
56
stem with leaves
bracts
capsule
calyx and flower
capsule lid
pod fragments
696/3
696/2
+
10
4
2
5
+
8
1
3
3
8
Table 30: Medieval Coleoptera
Minimum Number of Individuals
MEDIEVAL COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Carabus granulatus L.
C. monilis F.
Nebria brevicollis (F.)
Notiophilus sp.
Dyschirius globosus (Hbst.)
Trechus obtusus Er. or quadristriatus (Schr.)
Bembidion S. Diplocampa sp.
B. biguttatum (F.)
B. guttula (F.)
Bembidion sp.
Pterostichus cupreus (L.)
P. diligens (Sturm)
P. gracilis (Dej.)
P. madidus (F.)
P. melanarius (Ill.)
P. nigrita (Pk.)
P. cf. nigrita (Pk.)
P. vernalis (Pz.)
P. versicolor (Sturm)
P. cupreus L. or versicolor (Sturm)
Calathus fuscipes (Gz.)
C. melanocephalus (L.)
Synuchus nivalis (Pz.)
Agonum muelleri (Hbst.)
A. viduum (Pz.)
Amara aulica (Pz.)
A. cf. ovata (F.)
A. tibialis (Pk.)
Amara spp. (not above)
Harpalus S. Ophonus sp.
Chlaenius nigricornis (F.) or nitidulus (Schr.)
Oodes helopioides (F.)
Hydroporus sp.
Agabus bipustulatus (L.)
Agabus sp. (not bipustulatus)
Helophorus aquaticus (L.)
Helophorus grandis Ill.
H. cf. obscurus Muls.
H. rufipes (Bosc)
Helophorus spp. (brevipalpis size)
Megasternum obscurum (Marsh.)
Cryptopleurum minutum (F.)
Anacaena bipustulata (Marsh.) or limbata (F.)
Chaetarthria seminulum (Hbst.)
Paralister sp.
Ochthebius cf. bicolon Germ.
O. minimus (F.)
Ochthebius spp.
Hydraena testacea Curt.
Hydraena sp. (not testacea)
57
696/3
696/2
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
6
18
3
3
5
2
3
7
13
3
1
6
7
1
12
7
10
1
2
1
7
17
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
2
27
7
5
3
5
2
8
1
1
2
4
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
3
10
1
2
2
5
8
2
3
Species
group
6b
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
1
1
1
1
Minimum Number of Individuals
MEDIEVAL COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Limnebius papposus Muls.
Ptiliidae gen. et sp. indet.
Choleva sp.
Thanatophilus dispar (Hbst.)
Silpha atrata L.
Lesteva longoelytrata (Gz.)
Omalium sp.
Platystethus arenarius (Fouc.)
P. capito Heer
P. nitens (Sahl.)
Anotylus nitidulus (Grav.)
A. rugosus (F.)
A. sculpturatus gp.
Stenus spp.
Paederus littoralis Grav.
Lathrobium longulum Grav.
L. multipunctum Grav.
Lathrobium sp. (not above)
Ochthephilum fracticorne (Pk.)
Rugilus orbiculatus (Pk.)
Xantholinus linearis (Ol.)
X. longiventris Heer
X. linearis (Ol.) or longiventris Heer
Philonthus spp.
Gabrius sp.
Staphylinus brunnipes F.
S. cf. caesareus Ced. or dimidiaticornis Gem.
S. erythropterus L.
S. cf. erythropterus L.
Staphylinus aeneocephalus Deg. or fortunatarum
(Woll.)
S. fuscatus Grav.
S. winkleri Bern.
Quedius sp.
Mycetoporus sp.
Tachyporus spp.
Tachinus sp.
Aleocharinae gen. et sp. indet.
Pselaphidae gen. et sp. indet.
Aphodius cf. consputus Cretz
A. contaminatus (Hbst.)
A. paykulli Bed.
A. rufipes (L.)
A. cf. rufus (Moll)
A. cf. sphacelatus (Pz.)
Aphodius spp.
Hoplia philanthus (Fues.)
Simplocaria sp.
Cytilus sericeus (Forst.)
Byrrhus sp.
Dryops sp.
Agrypnus murinus (L.)
58
696/3
696/2
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
4
3
4
1
1
5
2
1
15
1
-
4
2
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
3
3
4
1
2
9
2
2
3
8
3
2
2
1
1
2
29
2
2
2
1
9
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
6
1
1
3
1
11
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
3
1
1
1
2
Species
group
1
7
7
7
2
2
2
2
1
11
Minimum Number of Individuals
MEDIEVAL COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Athous haemorrhoidalis (F.)
Agriotes lineatus (L.)
A. obscurus (L.)
A. sputator (L.)
Agriotes spp.
Cantharis rustica Fal.
Cantharis sp.
Rhagonycha fulva (Scop.)
Meligethes sp.
Nitidula bipunctata (L.)
Cryptophagidae gen. et sp. indet. (not Atomariinae)
Atomaria spp.
Olibrus sp.
Coccidula rufa (Hbst.)
Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (L.)
Coccinella sp.
Lathridius minutus gp.
Enicmus transversus (Ol.)
Corticariinae gen. et sp. indet.
Typhaea stercorea (L.)
Oedemera lurida (Marsh.)
Anthicus antherinus (L.)
Cryptocephalus bilineatus (L.)
Chrysolina polita (L.)
Hydrothassa glabra (Hbst.)
Galeruca tanaceti (L.)
Phyllotreta atra (F.)
P. exclamationis (Thun.) or ochripes (Curt.)
P. vittula Redt.
Aphthona cf. atrovirens Foerst.
Longitarsus spp.
Altica sp.
Crepidodera ferruginea (Scop.)
Chaetocnema sp. (not concinna)
Psylliodes sp.
Apion aethiops Hbst. or pisi (F.)
Apion spp. (not above)
Otiorhynchus clavipes (Bons.)
O. ligneus (Ol.)
Trachyphloeus sp.
Barynotus obscurus (F.)
Sitona hispidulus (F.)
S. lepidus Gyl.
S. cf. lineatus (L.)
S. sulcifrons (Thun.)
Sitona spp.
Hypera punctata (F.)
Hypera sp. (not punctata)
Alophus triguttatus (F.)
Bagous sp.
Ceuthorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet.
Tychius sp.
59
696/3
696/2
3
5
5
12
1
3
4
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
33
13
1
1
1
11
2
17
2
4
3
1
3
3
4
7
4
1
-
3
1
6
8
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
37
1
9
1
1
12
1
11
2
10
2
12
2
3
14
4
1
1
1
Species
group
11
11
11
11
11
8
8
8
9a
Minimum Number of Individuals
MEDIEVAL COLEOPTERA
Context / Sample
Mecinus pyraster (Hbst.)
Gymnetron pascuorum (Gyl.)
Total
+ present
60
696/3
696/2
1
1
-
425
437
Species
group
Table 31: Other Medieval Insects
Minimum Number of Individuals
OTHER MEDIEVAL INSECTS
Context / Sample
Forficula auricularia L.
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidalis (L.)
Pentatoma rufipes (L.)
Stygnocoris pedestris (Fal.)
Dictyonota tricornis (Schr.)
Saldula S. Saldula sp.
Heteroptera gen. et sp. indet.
Philaenus or Neophilaenus sp.
Megophthalmus cf. scanicus (Fal.)
Aphrodes bicinctus (Schr.)
A. bifasciatus Schr.
A. cf. fuscofasciatus (Gz.)
Aphrodes sp.
Aphidoidea gen. et sp. indet.
Homoptera gen. et sp. indet.
Myrmica rubra (L.) or ruginodis Nyl.
Myrmica scabrinodis gp.
Myrmica sp.
Lasius flavus gp.
L. niger gp.
Lasius sp.
Apium mellifera L.
Hymenoptera gen. et sp. indet. (not Formicidae)
Chironomid larval head capsule
Bibionidae gen. et sp. indet.
Dipteran adults (not Bibionidae)
Dipteran puparia
worker
worker
worker
worker
worker
female
worker
+ present
61
696/3
696/2
28
1
4
1
17
7
34
8
3
12
1
10
3
49
23
3
1
1
18
1
17
1
9
1
1
1
2
23
19
49
5
1
11
1
7
1
11
2
12
8
+
1
10
3
Table 32: Medieval Mollusca
Minimum Number of Individuals
MEDIEVAL MOLLUSCA
696/3
696/2
Lymnaea truncatula (Müll.)
L. palustris (Müll.)
Lymnaea sp.
Anisus leucostoma (Mil.)
Succinea or Oxyloma sp.
Cochlicopa sp.
Vertigo pygmaea (Drap.)
Vertigo sp.
Pupilla muscorum (L.)
Vallonia costata (Müll.)
V. cf. pulchella (Müll.)
V. excentrica Sterki
Vallonia sp.
Limax or Deroceras sp.
Trichia plebeia (Drap.) or hispida (L.)
Cepaea sp.
Pisidium sp.
1
1
23
1
8
4
1
9
1
3
52
10
5
17
1
15
3
4
38
1
10
2
34
1
4
51
13
5
29
21
Total
152
216
Context / Sample
+ present
63