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102 Sample Test 8
SAMPLE TEST FOR CHAPTER 20.
1. Radioactivity is
a. emission of visible light after exposure to light.
b. spontaneous emission of penetrating radiation that is not stimulated by light.
c. emission of visible light simultaneously with absorption of energy.
d. emission of radiation by a biological system where the emission is unaccompanied by high
temperature.
e. emission of radiation resulting from a chemical change where the emission is unaccompanied
by high temperature.
1.
b. spontaneous emission of penetrating radiation that is not stimulated by light.
2. Two elements discovered by the Curies during their early study of radioactivity are
a. radium and polonium
b. curium and polonium
c. radium and radon
d. uranium and radon
e. curium and uranium
2.
a. radium and polonium
3. Alpha particles are best described as
a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus.
b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism.
c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged.
d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit.
e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He-4.
3. e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He-4.
4. Beta particles are best described as
a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus.
b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism.
c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged.
d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit.
e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He-4.
4. a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus.
5. Gamma radiation is best described as
a. electrons ejected at high speeds from a radioactive nucleus.
b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism.
c. high-speed particles similar in size to an electron, but oppositely charged.
d. neutral particles that weigh approximately one atomic mass unit.
e. positive particles that are identical to the nucleus of an atom of He-4.
5. b. a form of electromagnetic radiation that is unaffected by magnetism.
6. The type of radiation that is most penetrating is
a. alpha particles
b. beta particles
c. gamma rays
d. neutrons
e. positrons
6. c. gamma rays
7. The type of radiation that is least penetrating is
a. alpha particles
b. beta particles
c. gamma rays
d. neutrons
e. positrons
7. a. alpha particles
8. In the reaction shown, the Cm is known as the _____ nucleus, and the Pu as the _____ nucleus.
242
96
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cm →
238
94
Pu + 42 He
target; daughter
daughter; parent
parent; daughter
parent; target
stable; radioactive
8. c.
parent; daughter
9. In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an) _____. 22Ti → 23V
a. alpha particle
b. beta particle
c. gamma ray
d. neutron
e. positron
51
9. b. beta particle
10. In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an) _____.
242
96
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
238
Cm → 94
Pu +
alpha particle
beta particle
gamma ray
neutron
positron
10. a. alpha particle
11. In the reaction shown, the radiation produced is a(an) _____.
46
21
Sc → 46
21 Sc +
a. alpha particle
b. beta particle
51
+
c. gamma ray
d. neutron
e. positron
11. c. gamma ray
12. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of lead-210 decays by emission of an alpha
particle" is
a. 210
0
210
Pb + -1e →
82
b.
Tl
81
210
82
210
82
0
Pb → 210
83 Bi + -1 e
Pb + 42 He → 214
84 Po
d.
210
82
Pb →
e.
210
82
Pb →
c.
206
80
214
84
Hg + 42 He
Po + 42 He
d. 82 Pb →
210
12.
206
80
Hg + 42 He
13. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of copper-66 decays by beta emission" is
a. 66
62
4
29
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cu →
Co + 2 He
27
66
29
66
29
Cu + -10e →
66
28
66
29
Ni →
Cu →
66
28
Cu →
66
28
Ni +
Ni
0
+1
e
Cu + -10e
66
29
66
30
Zn + -10e
e. 29 Cu → 30 Zn
66
13.
66
+ -10e
14. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of titanium-45 decays by positron
emission" is
a. 45
0
45
b.
c.
d.
e.
22
45
23
45
22
45
22
45
22
Ti +
V→
Ti +
Ti →
Ti →
45
14.
d. 22
e→
+1
45
22
0
−1
45
21
45
23
V
Ti +
e→
23
0
+1
45
21
0
+1
0
−1
e
Sc
Sc +
e
V+
e
Ti →
45
21
Sc +
0
+1
e
15. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of metastable strontium-87 undergoes
gamma decay" is
a. 87 m
87
0
b.
c.
d.
e.
38
87 m
38
87 m
38
87 m
38
87 m
38
15. c.
Sr →
Y+
39
90
38
87
38
83
36
87
37
Sr →
Sr →
Sr →
e+γ
Sr + γ
Sr + γ
Kr + 42 He + γ
Sr →
87 m
38
−1
Sr →
Rb +
87
38
0
+1
e +γ
Sr + γ
16. The reaction represented by the description "An atom of selenium-75 undergoes electron capture"
is
a. 75
0
75
Se +
b.
c.
d.
e.
34
75
34
75
34
75
34
75
33
Se +
+1
0
−1
1
0
e→
e→
Se + n →
Se →
As →
75
b. 34
75
34
75
34
Se +
35
75
33
75
34
Br
As
Se
Br +
0
−1
e
Se + -10e
0
−1
e→
75
33
As
16.
17. Beta emission can best be described as
a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus.
b. transformation of a neutron into a protron and an electron that is ejected from the nucleus.
c. transformation of a proton into a neutron by combination with an electron.
d. annihilation of a beta particle by a positron.
e. annihilation of a neutrino by an anti-neutrino.
17. b. transformation of a neutron into a protron and an electron that is ejected from the
nucleus.
18. Alpha emission can best be described as
a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus.
b. transformation of a proton into a neutron and an electron that is ejected from the nucleus.
c. transformation of a proton into a neutron by combination with an electron.
d. annihilation of a beta particle by a positron.
e. annihilation of a neutrino by an anti-neutrino.
18. a. emission of two protons and two neutrons from an unstable nucleus.
19. All of these are common modes of radioactive decay except __________.
a. alpha emission
b. beta emission
c. electron capture
d. positron emission
e. phosphorescence
19.
e.
phosphorescence
20. The rule that the mass number of stable isotopes is always at least twice the atomic number is
true for all nuclides except
a. helium-3
b. beryllium-10
c. strontium-90
d. magnesium-28
e. vanadium-52
20. a. helium-3
21. Which element has only radioactive isotopes?
a. B
b. Ba
c. Be
d. Bi
e. Bk
21. e. Bk
22. The force holding the protons and neutrons together in a nucleus is known as __________.
a. gravity
b. electrostatic attraction
c. binding energy
d. mass defect
e. gamma radiation
ANS: C
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.3
23. Consider the following isotopes, with the approximate half-lives shown. After one year, which
sample would still contain the most radioactivity?
iodine-131 8 days
strontium-90 29 years
lead-210 22 years
sodium-24 15 hours
thallium-206 4 min
a. iodine
b. lead
c. sodium
d. strontium
e. thallium
ANS: D
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.4
24. Consider the following isotopes, with the approximate half-lives shown. After one year, which
sample would still contain the least radioactivity?
iodine-131 8 days
lead-210 22 years
thallium-206 4 min
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
strontium-90 29 years
sodium-24 15 hours
iodine
lead
sodium
strontium
thallium
ANS: E
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.4
25. The half-life of radon-222 is 2.8 days. How long would it take for the activity due to radon in a
tightly closed building to decrease to 5.0% of its original value?
a. 2.8 days
b. 11.2 days
c. 12.1 days
d. 14.0 days
e. 56.0 days
ANS: C
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
26. The half-life of radon-222 is 2.8 days. A homeowner used a radon test-kit to sample the air in his
home, but forgot to send it for processing for 30 days. If the level of radon was actually 100
counts, what value would be reported by the test lab?
a. 0.060 counts
b. 9.33 counts
c. 16.7 counts
d. 99.4 counts
e. 100 counts
ANS: A
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
27. The half-life of 90Sr is 28.5 years. How long will it take for a 50 µci sample of this isotope to
decay to 1.00 µci?
a. 0.14 years
b. 140 years
c. 161 years
d. 171 years
e. 285 years
ANS: C
28.
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
90
Sr is an isotope produced from atmospheric testing of nuclear bombs. If nuclear testing was
stopped in 1960, what percentage of radioactivity due to 90Sr remained in 2000? The half-life of
90
Sr is 28.5 years.
a. virtually 0%
b. 37.8%
c. 50.0%
d. 62.2%
e. 95.0%
ANS: B
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
29. A radioactive sample had an initial radioactivity of 2.0 × 103 cps. After 6.0 hours, its activity was
375 cps. What is the half-life of this sample?
a. 7.0 hours
b. 5.0 hours
c. 2.5 hours
d. 1.1 hours
e. 0.20 hours
ANS: C
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
30. Determine the number of Bq in 55 µCi. 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 dps and 1 Bq = 1 dps.
a. 5.5 × 10-5 Bq
b. 1.4 × 10-3 Bq
c. 6.7 × 102 Bq
d. 2.0 × 106 Bq
e. 2.0 × 1012 Bq
ANS: D
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.4
31. The particle used to bombard the nucleus in the reaction shown is a(an) _____.
235
92
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
U+
→
141
56
Ba +
92
36
Kr + 301 n
alpha particle
beta particle
neutron
positron
proton
ANS: C
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.5
32. An uncontrolled fission reaction occurs in a _____.
a. nuclear reactor
b. nuclear bomb
c. x-ray machine
d. particle accelerator
e. cyclotron
ANS: B
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.6
33. Which pair of elements can be produced from neutron bombardment of uranium-235 if 2
additional neutrons are also produced?
a. tellurium-137 and zirconium-97
b. barium-141 and xenon-140
c. krypton-92 and strontium-93
d. cesium-144 and xenon-140
e. rubidium-90 and barium-141
ANS: A
DIF: difficult
REF: Section 20.6
34. A process for disposing of nuclear waste by converting it to an inert glass-like substance is called
__________.
a. incineration
b. vitrification
c. reprocessing
d. regeneration
e. extraction
ANS: B
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.6
35. Which statement concerning fusion is not correct?
a. Extremely high temperatures are needed.
b. A plasma of unbound nuclei and electrons must be formed.
c. Large nuclei are needed as reactants.
d. Very large amounts of energy can be produced from fusion reactions.
e. Products of fusion reactions are either non-radioactive or have very short half-lives.
ANS: C
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.7
36. Which unit allows for the varying effects of different types of radiation on human tissue?
a. rem
b. gray
c. curie
d. Roentgen
e. rad
ANS: A
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.8
37. The roentgen is a radiation unit that describes the
a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue.
b. number of radioactive decays in one second.
c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue.
d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue.
e. multiples of the base unit of radiation.
ANS: A
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.8
38. The rad is a radiation unit that describes the
a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue.
b. number of radioactive decays in one second.
c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue.
d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue.
e. multiples of the base unit of radiation.
ANS: C
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.8
39. The rem is a radiation unit that describes the
a. amount of energy deposited per gram of tissue.
b. number of radioactive decays in one second.
c. amount of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue.
d. energy equivalent in mammals of energy absorbed per gram of tissue.
e. multiples of the base unit of radiation.
ANS: D
DIF: moderate
REF: Section 20.8
40. Natural sources of radiation include all of the following except
a. cosmic radiation
b. radon
c. potassium
d. uranium
e. iodine
ANS: E
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.8
41. All of the following are uses of radioactivity except
a. component of catalytic converters in automobiles.
b. irradiation of food for preservation.
c. tracers in medical procedures.
d. production of electricity.
e. dating of archaeological remains.
ANS: A
DIF: easy
REF: Section 20.9