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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Brief Maintenance
Manual
DAR-Solo
Sofia
2009
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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Limitations and safety information
General view of DAR-Solo prototype
Technical Data
Inspection before and after the flight
Propeller Check
Reduction gear check
Check the exhaust system
Nose wheel check
Pitot tube check
Check the landing gear-right side
Brakes system and wheel check-right side
Check the spar fixing to the body-right side
Check the fixing of support to the wing-right side
Check the wing-right
Check the main tubes fixing to the central beam and to the car-right side
Ailerons’ controls check-right side
Check the ailerons’ control in the wing’s construction-right side
Ailerons check-right side
Flaps check-right side
Cockpit inspection
Check the rudders control cables
Check the vertical stabilizer
Check the rudder
Check the assemblies for fixing the horizontal stabilizer
Horizontal elevator check
Check the vertical stabilizer-left side
Check the main tubes fixing to the central beam and to the car-left side
Check the ailerons’ control in the wing’s construction-left side
Ailerons check-left side
Flaps check-left side
Check the wing-left
Check the fixing of support to the wing-left side
Brakes system and wheel check-left side
Check the landing gear-left side
Engine check
Notes
3
4
7
8
10
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
29
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
32
33
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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Introduction
This Manual is intended for everyone who maintains the DARSolo airplane with one of the standard single cylinder, two-stroke
engines: 26 HP F 200 UL by Flyengine or 28 HP F-33 BS by
HirthFlugmotoren.
DAR-Solo aircraft is utilized according to its technical
condition. That is why it is obligatory to constantly monitor the
condition of all assemblies, parts and systems. These checks are
included in the pre and after the flight inspections. The exact
fulfilment of this advice will secure safe and flawless operation of
the aircraft.
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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Limitations and safety information
Limitations
DAR Solo is an aircraft that falls in the FAA FAR103 Category.
It is not designed to be used for any maneuvers except:
• Any maneuver incident to normal flying;
• Stalls (except whip stalls); and
• Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns, in which the angle of
bank is not more than 60 degrees.
The following limitations are imposed on the speeds and loading of
the airplane:
Vmin flaps 0° = 55 km/h
Vmax flaps11° = 90 km/h
Vmax flaps22° = 80 km/h
Vne = 130 km/h
• Do not overload the Airplane. The Max Gross Weight should
not exceed 220 kg.
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Safety
For your safety read this manual thoroughly and make sure you
understand the capabilities and limitations of the airplane.
If you have any additional questions contact the manufacturer
before operating the machine.
• Never fly when you don’t feel prepared for the conditions of
the flight!
• Never fly under influence of alcohol or drugs!
• Never fly if you have not performed a preflight inspection!
• Never exceed the limitations set by the manufacturer!
DANGER!
Always monitor your airspeed!
Never fly close to stall speed or exceed Vne!
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
The preflight inspection is one of the pilot’s most important
duties. A number of serious airplane accidents have been traced
directly to poor preflight inspection practices. The preflight
inspection should be a thorough and systematic means by which
the pilot determines that the airplane is ready for a safe flight.
IMPORTANT!
THE EXPLOITATION OF
DAR-Solo AIRCRAFT
DEPENDS ON ITS CONDITION
The construction of DAR-Solo and of all the aircraft of this
series is a relatively simple one. A permanent and direct
control over all main assemblies is enabled in this way for
a short period of time.
Thus the main principle of safe exploitation is
accomplished :
CONTINUITY OF CONTROL!
You must not forget:
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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
NEVER COMPROMISE WITH SECURITY – YOURS OR OF
THIRD PERSON!
PUT EVERYTHING BEYOND THE REACH OF CHANCE!
General view of DAR-Solo prototype
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
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Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Technical Data
Geometry
Dimensions of the airplane
Length
Span
Height
Fuselage
Length
Height
Width
Wing
Wing area
Span
Average aerodynamic hord
Profile
Aspect ratio
Taper
Wing sweep
V – shaped wing
Wing twist (washout)
Angle of wing fixing
Ailerons area
Flaps area
Horizontal tail panels
Stabilizer area
Span
Stabilizer hord
Profile
Tail Aspect ratio
Tail taper
Tail sweep
Fixing stabilizer’s angle (adjusted on land)
Elevator area
Trimmer area
Vertical tail panels
Fin area
Height
Average geometrical stabilizer chord
Profile
Aspect ratio
Taper
Fin and rudder sweep
Rudder area
Trimmer area
4.85 м
8.17 м
2.62 м
4.85 м
1.55 м
0.70 м.
10.76 м²
8.17 м
1200 мм
NACA 4412
6.63
1.0
0°
+1°
0°
+6.0°
2 x 0.49 m²
2 x 0.4 m²
1.8 м²
2.4 m
740 мм
NACA 0009
1.8
1.0
0°
from +1° to -2.5°
0.81 м²
0.05 м²
0.95 м²
1.05 м
910 мм
NACA 0009
1.16
3.0
25°
0.60 м²
0.0 2м²
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Aerodynamics
Maximum aerodynamical quality
V – min, without flaps, solo
V – min, with flaps 11°, solo
V – min, with flaps 22°, solo
V – economical
V – cruise
V – max SA
V – maximum permissible (Vne)
Max. side wind upon landing
Km/h
Km/h
Km/h
Km/h
Km/h
Km/h
Km/h
M/s
8.4
55
50
45
80
95
120
150
5
Weight
Maximum take-off weight
Empty weight
Relative construction gravity (this is empty/max weight)
Payload
Relative wing load*
Estimated overload coefficients*
Max permissible overload in flight
Relative power load*
* at MTOW
kg
kg
kg
Kg/м²
Kg/HP
220
120
0.5
100
20,4
+6 /-3
+4 /-2
7,3
Completing the airplane parts
The airplane, subject of this instruction, is completed with the standard
equipment listed below. Each extra equipment is accompanied by its own
documentation.
The standard equipment of DAR-Solo includes:
Engine
Propeller
Navigation instruments
Engine instrument
F 200 UL 26 HP
Hirth F-33 BS 28 HP
LL Prop – Wooden 2 blade 1.5m diameter
Air-speed
Compass
Inclinometer, (slip ball)
Altimeter
Variometer
EM 002 – included Tachometer, CHT, EGT,
Hour meter, Volts
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Inspection before and after the flight
The inspections before and after the flight are done in one
and the same volume.
The aircraft inspection is done in the classic way – from left to
right. Stand in front of the aircraft and make a visual assessment
whether the decline is to the left or right. If there is an obvious
deflection of more than 15-20 cm at the end of half wing you have
to check the respective rubber bumper.
Further the inspection goes on as per charts No1,2 and 3.
During inspection you have to check the general condition of
body skin, wings and tail surfaces. A special attention must be paid
to mechanical damages near the main strength elements of the
construction – enforced beams, spars and places for fixing ailerons
and flaps.
Chart No 1.
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
Chart No 2.
Chart No 3.
Steps to be taken during the inspection before and after
the flight
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
1. Propeller Check
- check blades for hits and cracks;
- check the fixing of propeller bush to the reduction gear
flange;
- check spinner fixing (if any).
NB! Special attention must be paid to stop nuts and studs!
2. Reduction gear check
• check Belt - availability and condition
• check Wheels – availability and condition
3. Check the exhaust system for
- burns
- availability and condition of cramps
- availability and condition of the fixing springs
- fixing the gas exhaust
4. Nose wheel and Brake system check:
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
wheel)
-
Condition and fixing of nose wheel set (fork, bearings and
condition and fixing of armed stings of brakes system
condition of brakes mechanism on the wheel
condition of brakes disk – check for burns
condition and fixing of stop nut
visual control to inflate the tire
A – Plastic 6-inch nose wheel
B – Aluminum 8-inch nose wheel
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
6. Pitot tube check:
•
deformations (to be oriented against air flow)
•
clogging of inlet of dynamic tube
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
7. Check the landing gear for
- mechanical damages and distortions
- condition and fixing of main composite force beams
8. Check the spar fixing to the body and the central beam
- condition of connecting studs and fixing assembly to the
central beam
- condition of connecting studs and fixing assembly to the
car
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9. Check the fixing of support to the wing for
- mechanical damages and support distortions
- the condition of the connecting stud and the fixing
assembly
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10. Check the wing for
- mechanical damages and support distortions
12. Ailerons’ controls check
- the condition and fixing of hinges
- for splint pins on all knee-joints (hinges and cradle)
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
15. Cockpit inspection
- check of the pedals;
- condition and fixing of control elements to pedals;
- check of the sticks;
- condition and fixing of control tubes on mixer for
flaperons control;
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
- condition and fixing of flaps control;
- condition and fixing of doubled push-pull controls of
elevator;
- condition and fixing of elements of throttle control;
- condition and fixing of elements of brakes system;
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
- condition and fixing of seats and belts;
- check of the instruments;
- for leaks in the fuel tank;
- condition and fixing of fuel lines;
- condition and fixing of air vent on fuel tank;
- for the presence of foreign bodies.
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16. Check the rudders control Push-Pul cables
17. Check the vertical stabilizer and the rudder
- mechanical damages and support distortions
- the condition of the connecting hinges
- the condition of the fixing push-pullcables
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
19. Check the assemblies for fixing the horizontal stabilizer and
elevator
- condition and fixing of supports and connections
- condition and fixing of small struts
- condition and fixing of controls push-pull cables
- condition and fixing of hinges
21. Same as point 18
22. Same as point 11
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23. Same as point 13
24. Same as point 14
25. Same as point 15
26. Same as point 10
27. Same as point 9
28. Same as point 8
29. Same as point 7
30. Same as point 6
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
31. Engine check:
- condition of fuel system, pump, lines and filter;
- condition of engine controls - carburetor, control throttle
cable;
- condition of carburetor - fixing float camera, jetting, valve,
spring, adjustment screws, fixing to the engine and filter;
Bing
Mikuni
- condition of ignition system – electrical cables, sparks and
plugs;
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Brief Maintenance Manual DAR-Solo
32. Electric system
F200 electric system
condition of electric system - battery, electric starter, cables,
connections, special attention for main connection “ground”.
Electric schema F-200 engine
Notes:
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