1. No category

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x/]s If0f x/]s lbg
d'ns' df ePsf s[lif
;dfrf/sf nflu Û
12 Oct. 2014
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s[lif klqsf cfO{ku' g] <
ls u|fxs aGg vf]lh/xg'
ePsf] 5 <
;Dks{ ug';{ \ M(*)*!%&!$$
sfuhdf dfq pTs[i6 Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd
of]uG] b| k|tfk zfxL
sf7df8f}+ . Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg, o;n]
d' n ' s sf] s[ l if If] q df ;flRrs} cfd" n
kl/jt{g ub}{ g]kfnL s[lifdf 5nfË dfnf{
ls eGg] xf]nf t/ Tof] ;j} sfuhdf dfq
l;ldt ePsf] 5 Û #@ lhNnfdf ;~rfng
ePsf] Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmdn]
ls;fgx?sf kIfdf l;Gsf] ef“Rg g;s] klg
;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg] k|ltj]bg / ldl8ofdf
eg] cgfjZos rrf{ a9L ePsf] b]lvG5 .
c;kmn sfo{ q mdsf ?kdf /x] s f] ;f]
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn agfpg] ;~rf/ dfWods}
sf/0f cGo !) lhNnfdf sfo{qmd yk eP/
$@ lhNnf k'u]sf] 5 . ufp“s f lgd' v f
hgtfn] ;f] sfo{qmdaf6 jf:tljs ?kdf
/fxt kfPsf g} 5}gg\ . kfpg\ klg s;/L <
pQm sfo{qmd kl/rfngsf] 7]Ssf lnPsf]
s[lif pBd s]Gb|df 7"nf pBf]uL / Jofkf/L
5g\ h;n] pgLx?s} kf]if0f ug]{ afx]s c?
ug{ ;s]g . sfuhL vf]:6fdf cToGt} /fd|f]
sfd ePsf] / ldl8ofdf 5fpg dflx/
dflgPsf pBdLsf sf/0f jf:tljs ls;fg
kLl8t alg/x]sf 5g\ . hfkfgaf6 z'?jft
ePsf] / hfkfgdf oxL sfo{qmd pTs[i6
ePsf] eGb} 8Lª xf“Sg]x?sf sf/0f g} of]
sfo{qmd …sfunfO{ a]n kfSof] xif{ g ljidftÚ
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf
;Nnf3f/L, dxf/fhu+h sf7df8f}+
:jtGq ;dLIfs (Peer Reviewerw) sf] 5gf}6
;DjGwL ;"rgf
-k| y d k6s k| s flzt ldlt M @)&!÷)^÷@$_
o; cfof]hgfsf] k|ltikwf{Tks k'/s cg'bfg sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;fgf tyf demf}nf cfsf/sf]
cg'bfgsf] nflu of]Uo s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L, lghL kmd{ tyf pTkfbs dxf;+3x?af6
cn}r
+ L, skmL, cb'jf, b'Uw kbfy{, df;' tyf df;' hGo kbfy{, t/sf/L, k'ik df5f ljifosf]
s[lif d"No >[v
+ nf -Agricultural Commodity Value Chains_ ;DjGwdf k]z x'g] k"0f{
cfof]hgf k|:tfj -Full Project Proposal) sf] k|fljlws kIf, ljlQo kIf tyf jftfj/0fLo
kIf :jtGq lj1x?af6 d"Nof+sg u/L u/fO{ pgLx?sf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df k'/s cg'bfg
of]Uo k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'k{ g]{ ePsf]n] dfGotf k|fKt ljZj ljBfnoaf6 ;DjlGwt ljifodf
Go"gtd :gftsf]Q/ l8u|L xfl;n u/L sDtLdf !) aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] / ;DjlGwt
ljifodf tflnd k|fKt lj1x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] z}lIfs of]Uotf, d'Vo ljifo, ljz]if1tf, ;Dks{
6]lnkmf]g g+=-Nof08nfO{g tyf df]jfO{n_ / Od]n 7]ufgf tyf xfn cfj4 ;+:yfx? eP ;f]
;d]t v'Ng] u/L of] k|yd k6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbg leq o; cfof]hgfdf
k"0f{ j}olQms ljj/0f -CV_ ;lxt cfj]bg lbg' x'g cg'/f]w 5 .
:jtGq lj1x?sf] d"No >[v
+ nf tyf ljz]if1tf cg';f/sf] Go"gtd cfjZos of]Uotf
JolQmut ljj/0f tyf cfj]bgsf] gd"gf o; cfof]hgfsf] Website (www.pact.gov.np)
df /flvPsf] 5 . JolQmut ljj/0f -CV_ ;lxtsf] cfj]bg cfof]hgfdf ;f]em} jf Od]n
[email protected]_ dfkm{t ;d]t k7fpg ;lsg]5 . :jtGq lj1 eO{ sfd ug{
OR5's lj1x?n] cfj]bgdf o; cfof]hgfaf6 xfn cfAxfgdf /xL /x]sf] ;fgf tyf
demf}nf cfsf/sf] cg'bfg ;DjlGwt cfof]hgf k|:tfj-PCN_ t}of/ ug{ s'g} ;+3÷;+:yf,
kmd{ tyf JolQmx?nfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u u/]÷gu/]sf] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]5
{ . ;fy} o;
cfj]bg cg';f/ 5gf}6 x'g' x'g] lj1x?n] eljiodf k"0f{ cfof]hgf k|:tfj -FPP_ t}of/ ug{
;+nUg x'g gx'g] Joxf]/f ;d]t o;} ;fy hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 . 5gf}6 ePsf :jtGq
lj1x?n] o; cfof]hgfn] ;~rfng ug]{ cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmddf clgjfo{ ?kdf ;xefuL
x'g' kg]5
{ . :jtGq lj1df 5gf}6 ePsf lj1x?n] cled'vL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL gePdf
cfof]hgfn] ;]jf lng] 5}g . d"Nof+sgdf ;xefuL lj1x?nfO{ cfof]hgfn] lgodfg';f/
kfl/>lds ;d]t pknAw u/fpg] 5 .
eg] h:t} ePsf] 5 ls;fgsf nflu .
ls;fgsf nflu nlIft ul/ NofPsf]
elgPsf] Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd
ldl8of / sfuhdf dfq l;ldt ePkl5
lhNnf lhNnfsf s[ l if sfof{ n osf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pQm sfo{qmdsf af/]df
af] N g ;d] t dg nfUg 5f] 8 ] s f] 5 .
lhNnfsf s[lif sfof{nodf uP/ lhNnfdf
ePsf c? sfo{qmd hfgsf/L u/fO{g]
ePklg Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbgsf] gfd
;d]t pRrf/0f ug{ dfGb}gg\ . o:tf]
x'g'sf] sf/0f ;f] sfo{qmd ls;fgd'vL
x'g g;s]sf sd sfd / a9L rrf{
ePsfn] ;f] sfo{qmdsf af/]df af]Ng} dg
gnfu]sf] lhNnfsf s[lifsf xflsdx?
atfp“5g\ .
g] k fn ;/sf/ / g] k fn pBf] u
afl0fHo dxf;+ 3 aLr ;fe] m bf/Ldf
;~rfng ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmddf pBf]u
afl0fHo dxf;+3n] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf
lnPsf] / /sd hlt ;j} g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
g} ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 . #@ lhNnfdf z'?
ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmd ;kmn x'g g;Sbf klg
!) lhNnf yk ug'{n] …dfdfsf] wg km'k'sf]
>f4Ú eg] h:t} ePsf] 5 . s[lifsf If]qsf
vf;} hfgsf/L gePsf 3/flgof“ pBdLx?
;+ n Ug /x] s f] pBf] u afl0fHo dxf;+ 3
cGtu{tsf] s[lif pBd s]Gb|n] of] sfo{qmdnfO{
cToGt} k|efjsf/L ePsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{
u/]sf] ePklg Tof] s]jn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg]
k|ltj]bg afx]s ls;fgdf k|ult gePsf]
s[lif pBd s]Gb|s} JolQmx?n] atfp“5g\ .
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno dftxt ;~rfng
ePsf s[lif cfof]hgfx?df ;+nUg ls;fgx?
;kmn b] l vPsf] ePklg Ps ufp“ Ps
pTkfbg sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt h:tf] dfq
b]lvPklg ls;fgx? ;kmn ePsf 5}gg\ .
s[lif pBd s]Gb|n] clxn];Dd klg Pp6f
ls;fgnfO{ ;kmn ls;fgsf ?kdf pEofpg
g;Sg'n] of] sfo{qmd c;kmn ePsf] k'li6
u/]sf] 5 . Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg / Ps
lhNnf Ps pTkfbg
af“sL k[i7 & df
kf]ifssf gfddf ls;fgnfO{ zf]if0f <
sf7df8f}+ .
oltv]/ g]kfnL o'jfx?
J o j ; f l o s
kz'kfnglt/ cfslif{t
eO{/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .
;/sf/n] klg o'jfnfO{
kz'kfngtkm{ cfsif{0f
ug{ ljleGg of]hgfx?
NofO{ / x] s ] f 5 .
Joj;flos ?kdf kz'kfng ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof a9\g yfn]kl5 d'n'se/ kz'sf nflu
cfjZos bfgf pTkfbsx? klg lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uO{/x]sf 5g\ . u'0f:t/xLg bfgfsf
sf/0f kz'x?df ljleGg /f]ux? nfUg] dfq xf]Og kz'x? dg]{ u/]sf 36gfx? klg
;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] u'0f:t/Lo bfgf gf/f lb“b} u'0f:t/lxg bfgf ls;fg;Dd ljqmL
u/]/ cfdls;fgx?nfO{ zf]if0f ul//x“bf klg ;DjlGwt lgsfo df}g /x]sf] 5 . pm“
rfjf] la/f] lkm8 O08li6«hsf] pTkfbg kf]if0f bfgfsf sf/0f ls;fgx? df/df k/]sf
5g\ . ;f] bfgfsf sf/0f s'v'/fx?df ljleGg /f]ux? nfu]s]f ;d]t ls;fgx?sf] egfO{
5 . sf7df8f}+sf] ;'Gb/Lhnsf k|sfz kl08tn] klg ;f] bfgfsf sf/0f cfkm" kLl8t
ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\ gfd kf]ifs t/ o;n] ls;fgsf] ul//x]s]f 5
zf]if0f . k|sfz h:t} w]/} ls;fgx?n] kf]ifs bfgf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] / cfkm"n]
NofPsf] u'0f:t/lxg bfgfsf sf/0f cfkm" 7luPsf] ;d]t atfPsf 5g\ . –lzj kf08]
s[lif
@)&! ;fn c;f]h| @^ ut] cfOtaf/
#
;fKtflxs
s[lifdf hgzlQm cefj
oltv]/ w]/} lhNnfx?df wfg leq\ofpg] r6f/f]
b]lvPsf] 5 . c;f]h sflt{s dlxgfdf s/Lj–s/Lj
wfg leq\ofP/ ux'“afnLsf nflu v]t tof/ ug{
ls;fgx? xtfl/Psf klg 5g\ . t/ wfg leq\ofpgsf
nflu ls;fgx?sf] v]tdf hgzlQmsf] cToGt} cefj
b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . s[lif oflGqs/0fsf s'/f hlt g}
u/]klg s[lif If]qdf oflGqs/0fsf] k|of]u x'g g;Sbf
s[lif pTkfbgdf sdL cfpg] dfq xf]Og, pTkfbg
nfut ;d]t a9\g] u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] s[lifsf
nflu of]Uo hgzlQm tof/ ug{ g;s]sf] dfq xf]Og
ePsf hgzlQmx?nfO{ klg k|of]udf Nofpg g;s]sf
sf/0f oltv]/ s[lif If]qdf sfd ug]{ hgzlQmsf]
cefj b]lvPsf] xf] .
wfg leq\ofpg] a]nfdf ljutdf hlt w]/}
o'jfzlQmx? b]lvGy] tL b]lvg 5f8]sf 5g\ . t/fO{
xf];\ of kxf8 h'g;'s} If]qdf klg vfBjfnL pTkfbgsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm lbg k|ltlbg cefj x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf
hfg] o'jfzlQm lbgk|ltlbg a9\g yfn]kl5 s[lifsf
nflu cfjZos hgzlQm v8\lsPsf] ;To n'Sg ;s]sf]
5}g . ;/sf/n] o'jf nlIft s[lif sfo{qmd NofPsf]
ePklg tL sfo{qmdn] o'jfx?nfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ ;s]sf]
5}g . o'jf nlIft s[lif sfo{qmdx?n] lsg o'jfx?nfO{
cfsif{0f ug{ ;s]g eGg] s'/f cj cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo
aGg' kb{5 . ljb]zaf6 kms]s
{ fx?n] s[lifdf nufgL
ug{ pTk|l] /t eO{/x]sf a]nf ljb]z knfog x'gx] ?nfO{
s[lif pTkfbgdf s;/L ;+nUg u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg]
tkm{ vf;} Wofg lbPsf] kfO{bg} .
h;/L ljb]zaf6 kms]s
{ fx?n] s[lif pTkfbg u?g\
eGg] pb]Zon] ;xof]u u/]sf] kfO{G5 . To;}u/L
j]/f]huf/Laf6 ef}tfl/Psf o'jf hgzlQmx?nfO{
cfjZos ;/sf/n] ljgf] lwtf] C0f pknAw u/fpg],
dn aLp nufot cfjZos ;|ft] ;fwgx?df cg'bfgsf]
Joj:yf jf z'Go Aofhb/df C0f k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] xf]
eg] kSs} klg s[lifdf o'jfx?sf] cfsif{0f a9\g] dfq
xf]Og h;sf sf/0f knfog x'b“ } uO{/x]sf hgzlQmnfO{
s[lifdf e/k"/ pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
wfg sf6\gsf nflu dfq xf]Og cGo s[lif afnL
tyf Joj;flos s[lifsf nflu klg hgzlQm 36\b}
hfg' eg]sf] d'ns
' sf] 3ft xf] eGg ;lsG5 . d'ns
' n]
s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu o'jf hgzlQmsf] vF“rf] dxz';
ul//x]sf a]nf ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] klg s]xL rf;f]
lbg] xf] eg] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'GYof] ls <
cfkm\g} ;"rgf
g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif ;fKtflxssf ¿kdf
tkfO“sf If]qdf eP÷u/]sf s[lif If]q;“u
jf n] v ÷÷/rgfx¿
/rgfx¿ 5g\ eg] xfdLnfO{
cg' / f] w ul/G5 .
;Dks{
k|sflzt s[lif ;fKtflxsdf
;DalGwt ;"rgf÷;dfrf/
lalxaf/leq k7fpg' x ' g
s[ l if ;fKtflxs, cgfdgu/
Od]n M [email protected]
web: www.krishionline.com
2
PlzofnL ;+be{
ljpljhgsf] /fhgLlt
ljZj ;+be{ M xfdL w]/n} ] dxz';
u/]sf] s'/f s] eg] clxn]sf] ljZjdf
dfgj clwsf/, sfg'gL /fHo / k|hftGq
ljZjJofkL dfGotf aGb} 5g\ . ;fdfGot
xfdL ;a}sf] nflu of] ;sf/fTds s'/f g}
xf] / o;sf lj/f]wLx? jf o; k|so[ fnfO{
jfwf k'¥ofpg]x? w]/n} ] eg] h:t} ;fRr}
g} cftÍsf/L tyf c/fhstfjfbL g}
x'g\ . t/ oL ljZjJofkL k|so[ fsf] Oltxf;,
of] ljZj Joj:yfsf] w/ftn / o;sf
l8hfOg/x?sf] af/]df dfS;{jfbLx?,
gful/s ;dfh tyf cGo lj1x? w]/n} ]
ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] of] rl/qsf] cfnf]rgf
ub{5g\ . o;sf ljljw kIf / ;+be{
5g\ . o;dWosf] Ps pbfx/0f s[lif
If]qdf ag]sf ljpljhg ;DjlGw
sfg'gx?sf] lj/f]w xf] . cfnf]rsx? sfg'g
agfP/ ljpljhg If]q Jojl:yt ug]{
eGg' xflQsf b]vfpg] bf“t ePsf]
7fGb5g\ . cflv/ o;sf] sf/0f s] t
xfldn] klg o;sf] ;Totf / Pyfy{;Dd
k'Ug] sf]lz; ug]{ 5f}+ .
xfdL ;a}n] hfg]sf] s[lif;“u ;DaGwLt
;fdfGo s'/f s] xf] eg] lapljhg /
s[ifs Ps cfk;df k/:k/ ;DjlGwt
/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;}n] cfufdL pTkfbg
a9L lng] p2]Zon] s[ifsn] :yfgLo lapsf]
5gf]6 ug],{ :j:y / pGgt ljp 5'6o\ fpg],
Ps cfk;df ;|ft] , ;fwfgx? cfbfg
k|bfg ug],{ ljpjLhg 5f“6sf6 ug]{ tyf
e08f/0f ug]{ ;do csf]{ jfnLsf nflu
c;n lapsf] 5gf]6 ug]{ ub{5g\ . t/
;lbof} b]lv rlncfPsf] s[ifs /
aLpaLhgaLrsf]] of] kf/:kl/s ;DaGw
clxn]cfP/ km/s ePsf] 5 . ;fgf
ls;fg / aLpaLhgsf] of] ;DaGw
ck|fs[lts aGb} 5 . ls;fgnfO{ pTkfbg
a9\g] tyf /fxt kfpg] nufotsf cg]s
nf]eb]vfO l7dfxf jf cg'jz
+ ;'wf/LPsf
ljpdf lge{/ agfOb}5 . cem gof“
ljpjLhg ;DalGw sfg'gåf/f s[ifssf
cfk\mgf ljpjLhgnfO{ k'/} kfvf nufOb}5
/ pgLx?sf] k/Dk/fut cEof; gi6
x'b“ 5
} . cfh cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf o'uf}+
b]lv ls;fgx?n] ;+/If0f ub}{ cfPsf]
ljpdfly jnft\ cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 /
ls;fgsf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk /
sf}zntfdfly v]njf8 ul/b}5 . o;/L
:yfgLo lapljhg ljljwtf gi6 u/L
s[ifsnfO{ k/lge{/ agfOg] tyf tL lapdf
k}lqs ;Dklt clwsf/ sfod u/L cs"t
gfkmf adfpg] x]tn' ] ax'/fli6«o sDklgsf]
bjfjdf ljpljhg sfg'g lgdf{0f u/L
ls;fgsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ljpljhgnfO{
ax'/fli6«o sDklgsf] clwgdf ;'Dkg oL
sfg'gsf] k|of]u x'b“ } 5 eGg] k'i6\ofO g} oL
cfnf]rgfsf] k|dv
' cfwf/ xf] .
sfg'gsf] cfjZostf lsg < M
k'h
“ LjfbL b]zx?n] s;/L ljleGg b]zsf
sfg'gnfO{ hgtfsf clwsf/ lgoGq0f
ug{tkm{, k|hftflGqs dfGotfsf gfddf
gjpbf/jfbL ljZjJofkf/Ls/0f y'kfg{
tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] gfddf gLhLs/0f
/ Jofkf/Ls/0fnfO{ k|of]u ub}{ cfkm\gf]
:jfy{ k"lt{ ug{sf nflu k|of]u ub{5g\
eGg] Ps HjnGt pbfx/0f PlzofnL
ljpljhg sfg' g åf/f ls;fgsf
clwsf/dfly ePsf] lgoGq0f xf] .
lapaLhg :yfgLo ;|ft] ePsf] /
k|To]s ;d'bfosf] lapaLhg ;DaGwL cf\mg}
cEof; /x]sfn], Plzofdf hlt w]/}
;f:s[lts tyf ;fd'bflos laaLwtf 5
TotL g} a9L lapaLhgsf k|hftLo
leGgtf klg 5 . lapaLhgsf] cfbfg–
k|bfg / lapaLhgsf] 5gf]6 u/L arfpg]
-5f“6sf6 / e08f/0fsf]_ cEof;
s[ifsx?aLr kxLn] b]vL g} rnLcfPsf]
s'/f xf] . ha;Dd s[ifsn] cfk\mgf] lapm
cfkm} afrfO{/fVg] / k'g pTkfbg ug]{
ub{ 5 g ta;Dd lapaLhg
sDkgLx?nfO{ cfk\mgf] pTkfbg laqmL ug{
ufx|f] kb{5 . To;}n] oxf“ k|flalws lasf;
/ lgoGq0fn] sfd gug]{ x'b“ f oxf“ rnv]n
s] ePsf] 5 eg] s[ifsnfO{ lapaLhg
afrfO{/fVg /f]Sg] jf lap lsGg afWo
kfg]{ tyf lgudfTds lapaLhgdf
cfs{if0f a9fO{ s[ifssf] lapdflysf]
lgoGq0f x6fpg laplahg sfg"gx?sf]
k|of]u ul/G5 . olx k|so[ fdf jf}l4s ;Dklt
clwsf/, cg'jz
+ ;'wf/LPsf ljp tyf
ljpljhg sfg'gsf] ljsf; eof] h;n]
ls;fgsf] ljp dflysf] clwsf/ k'/}
ax'/fli6o sDklgdf ;'DkLof] .
;'?jftL k|xf/ slxn] < M o:tf]]
k/Dk/fut lapaLhg cEof;dfly
klxnf] 7'nf] k|xf/ ;g\ !(^) sf] xl/tqmflGt
;Fu} s[lifdf ePsf] cf}Bf]lusLs/0faf6
eof] h;n] w]/} pTkfbg lbg] elgg] wfg,
ds} / ux'Fsf ;'wfl/Psf laplahg
pTkfbg / pb\3f6g u¥of] . jf:tadf
tL w]/} pTkfbg lbg] elgg] -HYV, High
Yielding Varieties) lapsf k| h ftLx?
cToflws kfgL, dn / laiffbLsf] k|of]u
ug'k{ g]{ w]/} nfut (High Input) nfUg]
k|hftLx? lyP . kmn:j?k s]xL jif{ ;Dd
/;folgs dnsf] k|of]un] df6f]sf]
pe{/fzltm gi6 x'b“ } hfg] / df6f] lau|bf
cem a9L nfutsf] cfjZostf kg]{
ub{5 . s[ifsx? k/lge{/ aGb}hfG5g\ . o;/L
xl/t qmlGtsf] gfddf ls;fgsf] cEof;df
klxnf] k|xf/ eof] / pTkfbg a9\g,] cg'bfg
kfpg], pGgt k|ljlw h:tf unt k|rf/ u/L
ls;fgnfO{ cfkm\gf ljpljhgaf6 cnu /fVg]
sfo{sf] ;'?jft\ eof] .
;xof]usf] jfxfgf t/ gfkmfsf]
rfxgf M oxf“ Wofglbg' kg]{ s'/f s] eg]
s[ifsx? ;'wf/LPsf elgPsf lapk|lt
cfslif{t x'gd' f oL k|hftLx? c;n eP/
jf pTkfbg a9L eP/ xf]Og a? ;/sf/n]
cfw'lgs lapdf lbg] C0f, /fxt, 5'6,
k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf cGo ;]jf pknAw
u/fP/ xf] . o;sf ;fy} tL ljpn]
pTkfbsTj a9fp5 eGg] ckmjfn] klg
:yfgLo ljpsf] gi6 ub}{ uof] .
ljZja}s
+ af6 b]zsf] ljhk|0ffnL ;'wf/sf
lglDt ;f7L b]lv c;Lsf] bzsdf ljleGg
b]zx?nfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fOof] .
To:t} csf]{ ;xof]u sfg'g agfpg tk{m
pGd'v lyof] . ;+ot" m /fi6«;3+ Lo vfB
tyf s[lif ;+u7g dfk{mt ljleGg b]znfO{
lapaLhg ;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{
k|fT] ;fxg ug{sf] lglDt ;xof]u ul/of] .
k|foM oL lgod lapaLhg k|df0fLs/0f
ug{ / cf}wf]lus u'0f:t/ :yfkgf ug{
s]lGb|t /x] . To;} ;do jfXo bjfjs}
sf/0f w]/} b]zn] ljpljhg sDklg
:yfkgf ug{ kxn u/] h;n] gLlh If]qnfO{
lap pTkfbg ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ub{Yof] /
cflv/ ljpsf] Jofkf/Ls/0f ub{Yof] .
k|ljlwsf] unt k|of]u M k|ydk6s
;g\ !(*) lt/ dfq rLgn] j0f{zs
+ /
wfg pTkfbg ug]{ k|ljlw ljsf; eof] .
c;Lsf] b;sdf of] k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cem
j9L ljsf; eof] -cg'jz+_ ;'wfl/Psf
ljpljhgsf] ljsf; dfkm{t . 7'nf7'nf
ax'/fli6«o lgudx? h:tf]sL df]g;f+6f],
gf]efl6{;/, l;+h6] f cflb 7'nf] :t/df ljp
pTkfbg k|so[ fdf ;fd]n eP . oL
lgudx? cg'az
+ kl/j{tg u/]/ gof“
lsl;dsf ljplahg pTkfbg ug{ /
ahf/df Psflwsf/ sfod ug{ cu|;/
/x] / of] k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f oL sDkgLx?
k| d ] z kf] v /] n
cf}wf]lus k}lqs clwsf/sf lglDt kxn
ug{ yfn] . o; cy{df hL= O{= -cg'az
+
cleoflGqs/0f_ sDkgLnfO{ cfk\mgf]
ljpdfly k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g] eof] h;n]ubf{
k/Dk/fjfbL ljp pTkfbs eGbf oL gof“
ljpsDkgLsf] clwsf/ a9L eof] . To;}n]
s[ifs hf] cfk\mgf] lap :jtGqtfk"js
{
k|of]u ug{ kfpy] / cg';Gwfgstf{ h;n]
ljplahgsf] cGt/afnL k|hgg\sf
k|of]ux? ub{Yf] ltgLx? b'js
} f] lapdflysf]
clwsf/ cj /xg] ePg .
gof“ sfg'g / ljZj Jofkf/
;+u7g M k}lqs clwsf/ / cg'al+ zs
k|ljlw ;DaGwL gof“ sfg"g dfkm{t ;g\
!(() sf] bzsdf ls;fgsf] ljpdfly
csf{] 7'nf] k|xf/ eof] . o;a]nf b]lv
ljplahg sDkgL tyf lgudx? otL
w]/} lj:tf/ ePsL logLx? ;/sf/L
lgtLlgdf{0f k|so[ fnfO{ k|efjkfg{ ;Sg] u/L
alnof eP . To;kl5 oL lgudx?n]
ljleGg b]zsf ;/sf/x?nfO{ ls;fgsf]
lxt eGbf klg cfk\mgf ljpaLhgsf]
Aofkf/ a9fpg] gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ / of]hgf
agfpg k|l] /t u/] . hLO{ sDkgL -cg'az
+
cleofGqLs/0f sDkgLx?_, ljZj Aofkf/
;+u7g / o;sf] af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/
Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf -l6«K;_ dfkm{t ljplahg
pBf]u ljZje/ km}ng ;kmn eof] . To;}n]
;g\ !((% kl5 ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf
;b:o w]/} Plzofsf b]zx?n] of]
;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/L ljplahg dfly
:jfldTj k|bfg ug]{ gLlt lgdf{0f u/]sf
5g\ . kl/0ffd :j?k s[ifsf lglDt tL
P]g sfg'gx? cem s7f]/ aGb} uP .
;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] ;+nUgtf M
ljZje/sf ;Dk"0f{ ljpaLhg sfg'gsf]
lgdf{0fdf vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf] d'Vo
e'ldsf /xG5 . PkmPcf] sf sfg'gL lj1
/ k/fdz{bftfn] ljleGg b]zsf
;/sf/x?nfO{ sfg'g lgdf0f{ ;DaGwL
k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fp“b5g\ .
h:tf] ls O/fg / df}l/;;\ h:tf b]zn]
o:tf] ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . To:t}
Pkm P cf] n] /fli6«o tyf If]qLo
ljpjLhg ;3+sf] :yfkgf ug{ tyf
;fa{ h lgs / lghL ljpjLhg
;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ Ps;fy Nofpg ;xof]u
ub}5
{ . yfONofG8:yLt Plzof tyf
k|zfGtLo ljpjLhg ;+3 PkmPcf]åf/f
;g\ !(($ df :yfkgf u/LPsf] o:tf]
Ps ;+:yf xf] h;n] ljpjLhg gLlt /
sfg'gsf nflu ;'emfj k|bfg ub{5 .
o;;“u #* b]zsf $)) eGbf a9L
;b:ox? cfj4 5g\ . ljZj:t/df
cGt/fli6«o ljpjLhg dxf;3+, l;lhP/
s]Gb|x? tyf vfB tyf s[lifsf nflu
cGt/f{li6«o jg:ktL cg'jz
+ ;|ft] ;GwL
h;nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf ljpjLhg ;GwL klg
elgG5, logLx? Klg o;} sfo{df ;ls|o
5g\ . ljpjLhg ;GwLn] ljleGg afnLsf
…hd{ KnfHdÚ nfO{ ljs;Lt b]zdf nu]/
cg'az
+ ;'wf/LPsf gof“ afnLx?sf]
ljsf;df k|of]u ub{5 . logLx? g} ;Dk"0f{
s[ifssf]
af“ s L & k[ i 7 df
s[lif
@)&! ;fn c;f]h @^ ut] cfOtaf/
;fKtflxs
kmnkm"nsf nflu g]kfn
l5d]ssL b]zdf lge{/
sf7df8f}+ . x/]s aif{ kmnkm"n
pTkfbgsf nflu g] k fndf g}
ljleGg ld;g sfo{qmd cfpg]
u/] s f 5g\ . ;' G tnf, :ofp,
gf;kftL, s] / f,s6/, cf“ k
nufotsf kmnkm"n pTkfbgsf
nflu g]kfn dxTjk"0f{ b]zsf ?kdf
dflg+b} cfPsf] 5 . d':tfËsf
eGg' kg]{ cj:yfsf cfO{;s]sf]
5 . vfB ;fdu|Lx?sf] pTkfbgdf
sdL cfPsf] dfq xf]Og s[lif tkm{
w]/} o'jf hgzlQmx?sf] cfsif{0f
36]sf sf/0f klg of] cj:yf
cfPsf] xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] o'jf
nlIft u/L s[lif sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng u/]sf] ePklg Tof]
:ofpsf] u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g .
rLgaf6 klg sl/j oxL xf/fxf/Ldf
:ofp leqg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
vf;f x'“b} tftf]kfgL gfsfaf6
b}lgs @÷# s06]g/ :of g]kfn
lelqg] u/]sf] gfsfsf Joj;foLx?
atfp“5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfx?sf]
vfg] cfgLafgLdf kl/jt{g cfpg'
3
cfn'sf] aLpsf] d"Nodf Ps?ktf
gx'b“ f ls;fg dsf{df
bfª -t'n;Lk'/_ . bfªdf lxp“b] cfn' /f]Kg] ;do ePklg t'n;Lk'/nufot
lhNnfsf ahf/df cfn'sf] aLpsf] d"Nodf Ps?ktf gx'“bf ls;fg dsf{df
k/]sf 5g\ . k;n}lkR5]sf] km/s d"Nosf sf/0f ls;fg df/df kg{'sf ;fy}
s'g k;naf6 cfn'sf] aLp lsGg] eGg] cGof]ndf pgLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
t'n;Lk'/ ahf/df cfn'sf] aLp lsGg cfPsL x]s'nL uflj;–! /fjt ufp“sL
zf]egf{ kfWon] cfkm" kf“rj6f k;ndf cfn'sf] aLp lsGg uPsfdf k|To]s
k;ndf km/s km/s d"No kfPsf] atfOg . pgn] elgg, æPp6} cfn' s'g}
k;ndf k|lts]hL ? !@) df kfOG5 eg] s'gd
} f !$) b]lv !%) ?k}of;Dddf
laqmL eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ clxn] t'n;Lk'/ ahf/dfdfq xf]Og lhNnfsf gf/fo0fk'/,
3f]/fxL, ndxL, efn'afªnufotsf ahf/df klg cfn'sf] aLpsf] d"Nodf
Ps?ktf gePsf] eGb} pkef]Qmfn] u'gf;f] ug{'sf ;fy} d"Nodf Ps?ktf
Nofpg ;/f]sf/ lgsfo;Fu dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
t'n;Lk'/ ahf/df cfn'sf] aLp lng cfPsf t'n;Lk'/–$ sf ltns
rf}w/Ln] ahf/df Jofkf/Ln] rsf{] d"Nodf cfn'sf] aLp laqmL ubf{;d]t
;DalGwt lgsfo df}g a:g'n] cfkm"x¿ df/df k/]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . pgn] eg],
æsfnf]ahf/L ug{]nfO{ sf/afxL ug{ /fHon] v'§f sdfO/x]sfn] Jofkf/Ln]
dgf]dfgL tl/sfn] d"No tf]Sg] u/]sf x'g\ .ahf/df km/s–km/s d" N odf
cfn'sf] aLp laqmL eO/x]sf] eGg]af/]df lh1f;f /fVbf Onfsf k|zf;g
sfof{no t'n;Lk'/sf o1axfb'/ a'9fn] o;af/]df k|zf;gdf klg u'gf;f]
cfO/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ ca rf“8} g} tL k;ndf cg'udg u/L sDfhf]/L
kfOPdf sf/afxL ul/g] atfP . lhNnfdf b'O{ xhf/ @%) x]S6/ hldgdf
cfn'v]tL x'“b} cfPsf] lhNNff s[lif ljsf; sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf] 5 .
oxf“sf] pTkfbgn] jflif{s vktsf] @) k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6\b} cfPsf]
klg sfof{nosf] tYofª\sdf pNn]v 5 . o;}aLr lhNnfdf o;k6s s[lif
ljsf; sfof{non] ljutsf jif{ ls;fgnfO{ cg'bfgdf pknAw u/fp“b} cfPsf]
pGGft hftsf cfn'sf] aLp pknAw gu/fp“bf s[ifs Dfsf{df k/]sf 5g\ .
t'n;Lk'/–* ;'gjiff{, l;;xlgosf] au/fk'/, r}nfxL uflj;sf] v}/L / xnjf/
uflj;sf] xnjf/df ks]6 v]tLsf ?kdf l6lko;cGtu{t PrlkP; hftsf]
cfn'v]tL x“'b} cfPsfdf o; jif{ eg] tL 7fp“df cfn'v]tL ePsf] 5}g .
ef/tdf uf]ne]8
+ f lgsf;L x'g
yfn]kl5 s[ifsx?nfO{ /fxt
:ofpsf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{ g;s]sf
sf/0f :ofp s'lxg yfn]sf ;dfrf/
xfd|f nflu lgs} rrf{sf ljifo
x'g ;S5 . ;'Gtnf xf];\ jf s]/fsf
nflu g]kfnsf w]/} 7fp“x? pTkfbg
of]Uo 5g\ t}klg sltko 7fp“df
ljutdf pTkfbg ug] { u/] s f
ePklg oltv]/ pTkfbgdf sdL
cfpg yfn]sf] 5 .
clg sltko 7fp“df gfËf
8f“8fx?nfO{ kmnkm"n v]tL ug{
tlD;Psfx? klg k|z:t g} 5g\ .
o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] rf;f] lbg
g;Sbf kmnkm"ndf g]kfn cem} klg
ef/t jf rLgs} cfzfdf a:g'k/]sf]
5 . hj hj rf8af8x? cfpg]
ub{5g\ tj kmnkm"nsf] dfu a9\b}
hfG5 . g]kfndf lelqg] kmnkm"n
ut aif{sf] t'ngfdf of] aif{ &#
k|ltzt t ef/taf6 g} cfoft x'g]
u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnnfO{ s[lif
k|wfg b]z eGg] ul/Psf] ePklg
kl5Nnf] ;dodf s[lif k|wfg b]z
eGg' eGbf klg s[ifs k|wfg b]z
g]kfnL a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?sf]nflu
sfunfO{ …a] n kfSof] xif{ g
lj:dftÚ h:t} ePsf] 5 . s[lif
ljsf; dGqfno dftxt sltko
s[ l if cfof] h gfx?n] ;d] t
kmnkm"nsf nflu ;xof]u u/]klg
cfjZostf cg'?k pTkfbg x'g
g;Sbf cem} klg l5d]sL /fi6«;u“
k/lge{/tfdf /dfpg' k/]sf] 5 .
oltv]/ g]kfndf rf8af8sf
sf/0f kmnkm"nsf] dfu x\jfQ}
a9]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ kmnkm"n
ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug's
{ f] ljsNk
b] l vPsf] 5} g . /fi6« j} s sf]
tYofÍnfO{ g} x]g{] xf] eg] klg ut
cfly{s aif{df g]kfndf sl/j @
cj{ @% s/f]8 %% nfv ?k}ofsf]
kmnkm"n cfoft u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
h;df ! cj{ #) s/f]8 %! nfv
a/fa/sf] :ofp g} cfoft ePsf]
b]lvG5 . of] tYofÍn] ef/taf6
g]kfndf :ofpsf] kl/0ffd a9L
cfoft x'g] b]lvPsf] xf] . ;f]
tYofÍdf rLgaf6 cfoft ul/Psf]
/ df+;fxf/L lj:tf/} zfxfsf/L tkm{
kl/jt{g x'g] sf/0f klg kmnkm"nsf]
dfu a9\gs
' f] Pp6f sf/0f ePsf]
sf7df8f} + s f]
hf] / kf6L,
gf/fo0f6f/df uf}td k|m6' ;
\ ;]06/
;~rfng ul//x]sf gj/fh uf}td
atfp“5g\ .
TolQdfq geO{ cfo;|f]tdf
ePsf] a[l4;Fu g]kfnLx? dfq
xf]Og u|ffld0f e]usf pkef]Qmfx?
klg kmnkm"nk|lt g} cfslif{t ePsf]
pgsf] ts{ 5 . cGo ;do eGbf
rf8af8df t]Aj/ kmnkm"n cfkm"n]
ljqmL ug]{ u/]sf] / clwsf+z
ef/taf6 cfofltt x'g] ;d]t
uf}tdsf] egfO{ 5 . kmnkm"nsf]
k/lge{ / tf x6fpgsf nflu
;/sf/n] lhNnf lhNnfdf kmnkm"n
pTkfbgsf nflu ld;g sfo{qmd
;~rfng u/L k|efjsf/L 9+un]
cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] s]xL dfqfdf
ePklg cfGtl/s pTkfbg a[l4 u/L
/f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{ ;xh x'g]
Joj;foLx?n] g} atfPsf 5g\ .
kf“ry/ . lhNnfsf] pQ/blIf0fL uflj;df pTkfbg ePsf] g]kfndf
pTkflbt uf]ne]+8f ef/t lgsf;L x'g yfn]kl5 To; e]usf ls;fg xlif{t
ePsf 5g\ . :yfgLo ahf/df vf;} efp gkfpg] Toxf“sf s[ifsn] clxn]
ef/tsf] l;nu'9Ldf nu]/ uf]ne]+8f laqmL ug{ yfn]kl5 xlif{t ePsf x'g\ .
k~rdsL ddtf of]ª\xfªn] elgg, æufp“d} Jofkf/Lx¿ cfP/ ;:tf] d"Nodf
uf]ne]+8f n}hfg vf]Hy], xfdL klg 3/d} Jofkf/L cfPkl5 af]s]/ stf n}hfg'
eGg] 7fGYof}+ t/ oxf“bl] v emfkfsf] sf“s8le§f x'b“ } clxn] ef/tsf] l;nu'9L;Dd
k'¥ofpg] ub{5F}, Toxf“ t oxf“eGbf t]Aa/ d"Nodf laqmL x'“bf]/x]5 .Æ o;cl3
oxf“ pTkflbt uf]ne]8f ;b/d'sfd lkmlbd, tfKn]h'ª / emfkfsf] ljtf{df]8
ahf/df ;Lldt eP/ laqmL ug'{kbf{ s[ifsn] r/d 3f6f v]Kg'k/]sf] lyof] .
cfhef]ln oxf“af6 b}lgs %) lSjG6n;Dd uf]ne]8f ef/tdf lgsf;L
x'g] u/]sf] :yfgLo 1fg]Gb| nS;n] atfP . emfkf ljtf{df]8sf Jofkf/Ln]
ls;fgaf6 uf]ne]+8f vl/b u/]/ d]rL /fhdfu{ x'“b} emfkfsf] sf“s8le§f
gfsfaf6 ef/tsf] l;nu'9Ldf n}hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . s[ifsn] uf]ne]8“ f k|ltlsnf]
? @% df 3/d} laqmL ub}{ cfPsf lyP . t/ ef/t k'¥ofPkl5 ? ^% ;Dddf
laqmL ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . o; If]qsf] uf]ne]“8fdf ljiffbL k|of]u gu/L
pTkfbg ul/g] x'gfn] :j:ys/ dflgg] s[ifs atfp“5g\ .
b'O{ df};ddf uf]ne]8+ f pTkfbg x'g] u/]sfn] cfDbfgL klg /fd|} x'g] u/]sf]
5 . klxnf] df};ddf kmfu'gdf /f]lkPsf] l5dn hftsf] uf]ne]+8fn] h]7 !%
b]lv nuftf/ ebf};Dd kmn lbG5 . To:t} ebf}df /f]lkPsf] bf];|f] l5dnsfn]
sflQs !% b]lv k';el/ cfDbfgL lbg] u/]sf] 5 . k~rdL, cd/k'/ / gf“uL
uflj;af6 jflif{s ? kf“r s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] uf]ne]+8f kmNg] u/]sf] lhNnf
s[lif ljsfz sfof{no kf“ry/sf] tYofª\sdf pNn]v 5 . o;n] u|fdL0f
cy{tGq psf:g 7"nf] d2t k'u]sf] :yfgLo s[ifs atfp“5g\ .
s[lif pTkfbg a[lå ug{sf nflu ;b}j
k|of]u ug'x{ f];\ n'lDa|sf] emf]n dn
All Nepalese Tea & Coffee Center,Kupondol, Phone: 5535457, 5548201
b;}d+ f g]kfn n SofDk;sf] d'n ;8sdf ljlqmsf nflu /flvPsf e]8f÷Rofªu|f . t:jL/ M s[lif
s[lif
ls;fgsf nflu hfgsf/L
;fKtflxs
@)&! ;fn c;f]h @^ cfOtaf/
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ux'“ v]tLsf nflu cfjZos k|ljlw
)=& s]=hL= k|lt s6\7f_ hdLgdf
k|of]u ufg],{ nfxL lgoGq0f ug{
ldq vk6] sL/f jf ;'tL{sf] kft
/ ;fa'g kfgLsf] emf]n jf ufO{sf]
ux't“ k|of]u ug],{ ujf/f] lgoGq0fsf
kl/ro M ux' “ Ps kf} l i6s cj:yf cg';f/ @ b]lv # k6s
vfBfGg afnL xf] . g]kfnsf] s'n /fd|/L vghf]t u/L kf6f nufP/
hdLg ;dy/ agfpg] .
aLp b/ M ^ s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgL
-$ s]=hL= k|lt s6\7f_ / ux'“
/f]Kg l9nf ePdf aLp b/ !)–
@) k|ltzt;Dd a9fpg] .
dnvfb M
ux'“ 5g]{ tl/sf M aLp 5g{nfO{
lr:ofg pko'Qm x'gk' b{5, wfg
sf6\g] ljlQs} e"O" df k}tnfsf] 9f]e
/ lr;f] xjfkfgLdf ux'“ v]tL
ug{ ;lsg5 .
pko'Qm hftx? M pRr / dWo
kxf8sf nflu cGgk"0f{–#, cGgk"0f{–
$, kf;fªNxfd', 8An'=s]=-!@)$,
ljho / 8f"km] .
t/fO{÷leqL dw];sf nflu la=Pn=– dfq a:g] cj:yfdf lagf
!!#%, la=Pn=–!$&#, cRo"t, vghf]t d]l;gsf] k|of]u u/L aLp
e[s6' L, uf}td / Pg=Pn=–@(& .
/f]Kg] / afnL lng] ;do
df6f] M ;a} k|sf/sf] df6f]df
ux's
" f] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . t/,
kfgL ghDg] anf}6–bf]d6 df6f]
pQd x'G5 .
hUufsf] tof/L M lr:ofg l7Ss
ePkl5 v]t hf]Tg] . df6f]sf]
5g{ ;lsG5, o;}u/L wfg sf6\g'
eGbf !% lbg cufj} v8f wfgdf
;d]t ux'“ 5g{ ;lsG5, @)
;]=dL=sf] b'/Ldf xf/ ldnfP/ ux'“
nufp“ b f aLpsf] dfqf sd
nfUg'sf ;fy} /fd|f] pTkfbg lng
;lsG5, xnf] l;of]df ldnfP/
klg ux'“ 5g{ ;lsG5 / l;8
l8«n dl;gaf6 ux'“ 5bf{ sd
aLp nfUg], b'/L / ux/fO{ ldNg]
tyf pTkfbg a9L x'g] x'“bf of]
nf]slk|o x'“b} uPsf]5 .
uf] 8 d] n tyf emf/kft
nflu sL/f nfu]sf af]6 gi6 ug]{
/ af]//uf8{ @ ld=ln= k|lt ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g],{ d'Votof
89'jf, v}/f], l;Gb'/,] kx]n
+ f] l;Gb'/,]
sfnf]kf]s] / uGxfpg] sfnf]kf]s]
/f]u nfU5 . 89'jf nfUbf kftdf
v}/f] yf]Knf / kft 89]sf] h:tf]
b]lvG5 . v}/f] l;Gb'/d
] f kftsf]
dflyNnf] ;txdf ;'Gt'nf /Ësf
kmf]sfx? / kx]n
+ f] l;Gb'/d
] f kx]n
+ f
/fvL e08f/0f ug]{ .
pTkfbg M hft / Joj:yfkg
cg' ; f/ k| l t /f] k gL !%)
s] = hL= -k| l t s6\ 7 f !))
s] = hL=_ pTkfbg x' g ;S5 .
Joj:yfkg M ux'a“ fnLdf /ut],
a]y,] hËnL s]/fp, xNxn], cd{n,]
e]8s
] /' f], d]yLemf/, s'6Lnsf];f,
u'Ddf, xflQ;'8] / b'af] df]y]
emf/sf] k|sf]k x'g / aLp /f]ks
] f]
#)–#% lbgdf emf/kft pv]Ng] .
l;“rfO{ / lgsf; M ux'a“ fnLdf
pd|g,] u“hfpg], afnf lg:sg] /
bfgf b'w k:g] a]nfdf df6f]df
v]tL ul/g] hdLgsf] sl/a @@
k|ltzt If]qkmndf o;sf] v]tL
ul/G5 .
xjf kfgL M ux'“ k|d'v lxp“b]
afnL ePsf] x'b“ f dWod cfb|t{ f
nfDrf kmf]sfx? w;f{ k/]/ /x]sf
x'G5g . sfnf]kf]sd] f afnf sfnf]
9';L ljiff0f'n] el/Psf] / uGxfpg]
sfnf] k f] s ] d f /f] u L bfgfx?
uf]nfsf/sf x'G5g\ / glhsaf6
;'3" b\ f df5f s'lPsf] h:tf] uGw
cfp"5, oL /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0f ug{
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf /f]u cj/f]ws
hft dfq nufpg], ;se/ l56f]
-d+l;/ !% leq_ ux'“ 5g],{ ;Gt'lnt
l;“rfO{ / dnvfb k|of]u ug],{ 89'jf,
sfnf]kf]s] / uGxfpg] sfnf]
kf]s]af6 arfpg efO6fe]S;–
@)) gfds ljiffbL @ u|fd k|lt
s]=hL=sf b/n] ux'“ sf] aLp
pkrf/ ug]{ . pkrf/ ug{ 6Dd
lasf]{ nfUg] ef"8fdf aLp / ljiffbL
/fvL %–!) ldg6 /fd|/L xNnfpg]
/ v}/f] l;Gb'/] nfu]df 8fO{yg] Pd–
$%, @–# u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fP/ @–# k6s 5g]{ .
afnL lng] M em08] k ft
kx]+lnPkl5 afnL sf6\g' k5{
jf ha bf“tn] u]8f 6f]Sbf 6'qmG5
ta afnL sf6\g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
sfl6;s]kl5 bf“O{ xfn]/, nf7Ln]
r'6]/ jf y]|;/sf] k|of]u u/L
bfgf 5'6\ofpg] .
e08f/0f M ux'n
“ fO{ #–$ 3fd
/fd|/L ;'sfP/ e08f/0f ug]{ .
aLpsf] nflu d]6n ljg jf xjf
gl5g]{ esf/Ldf k|lt d]l6«s 6g
% rSsL ;]Nkm; jf km:k\mo"d
k|of{Kt lr:ofg x'g'k5{, klxnf]
l;“rfO{ d's'6 h/f cfpg] a]nf
-#–$ xKtf leq_ clgjfo{ ?kdf
lbg] . To;kl5 df6f] s f]
cfjZostf / kfgLsf] pknAwtf
cg';f/ l;“rfO{ lbg ;lsG5 /
v]tdf kfgL hDg glbg] .
afnL ;+ / If0f M d' V otof
ls6ls6–vk6], nfxL / u'nfjL
ujf/f] nfU5 . ls6ls6–vk6]sf]
nfef{n] h/f sf6]/ af]6;'sfp“5 .
nfxLn] slnnf] afnfsf] /;
r';/] u'nfjL ujf/f]n] u'jf] vfP/
gf]S;fg u5{, ls6ls6–vk6]sf]
lgoGq0f ug{ /fd|f;
] u“ l;“rfO{ ug],{
uxL/f] ; “ u vtghf] t ug] { /
8;{jfg ! s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgL -
8f= cd/sf] s'?If]q cfof]
sf7df8f}+ . s[lif lj1x? s[lif If]qdf dfq
xf]Og ;flxTo If]qdf klg plQs} lj1tf xfl;n
ub{5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 8f= cd/ zfxn]
u/]sf 5g\ . kz' lrlsT;f If]qdf a]Un} klxrfg
agfPsf 8f= cd/ zfx tL;sf] bzsb]lv g}
syfsf/sf ?kdf cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt u/fp“b}
cfPsf lyP .
kz' lrlsT;f If]qdf h:t} ;flxlTos If]qdf
klg cd/ zfxn] s'?If]q k':ts cfd kf7sdfem
NofP/ cfkm\gf] csf]{ ;flxlTos klxrfgnfO{
klg cu|:yfgdf /fv]sf 5g\ . s'?If]q syfx?sf]
;+ux| xf] h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyfy{ emNsfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
s'?If]qn] g]kfnL ;dfh dfq xf]Og, /fhgLlts cj:yfsf af/]df klg
dd{:kifL{ 9+un] p7fg u/]sf] 5 . ;flxlTos kf7s dfq xf]Og
/fhgLlt1x?n] ;d]t cWoog ug}{ kg]{ vfnsf] ;flxTos s[lt s'?If]q
ahf/df cfPsf] 5 . kz' ;]jfdf 8f= cd/n] h;/L lg/Gt/ ;]jf
ul//x]sf 5g\ Tof] ;“u} ;flxlTos If]qnfO{ klg plQs} ;+xfln/x]sf]
k|df0f s'?If]q xf] . s'?If]q To:tf] s[lt ag]sf] 5 h'g s[lif cfVofgsf/sf]
gfd h:t} cd/ /xg] b]lvG5 .
–sdnf g] k fn
s[lif
@)&! ;fn c;f]h @^ cfOtaf/
;fKtflxs
wfg sf6\g / leq\ofpg pT;flxt ls;fgsf]
Ps}l5gdf t'lxof]] ;kgf
sfe|] . v]tsf l8n} l8nsf] af6f]
x'“b} lgwf/e/L /ftf] l6sf / lz/df
hd/f nufP/ lx8\gx] ? klg k|z:t}
lyP . v]tsf] 5]ja} f6 u'l8/x]sf] nfdf
nfdf a;e/L /ftfDd} eP/ lx8\g] klg
w]/} b]lvPsf lyP a8f bz}+sf lbg
lbp“;f] 7\ofSs} ;f9] b'O{ ah]lt/ .
sfe|s
] f] s'zfb]jL, ¥ofn] x'b“ } cfcfkm\gf]
uGtJodf hfg]x? klg k|z:t} b]lvPsf
lyP . ;8s s} 5]psf u/fx?df
wfgsf afnf nxnx em'ln/x]s]f klg
5g\ . st} ;'gsf afnf h:t} nxnx
em'ld/x]sf v]t dgdf]xs b]lvGy] .
st} v]te/L wfg sf6\g] dlxnfx?,
sf6]sf wfgsf ef/L p7fP/ d]l;glt/
bf}l8“b} u/]sf dlxnf k'?ifx? clg
d]lzgdf wfg r'6b\ } u/]sf ls;fgx?
pT;flxt x'“b} wfg leq\ofpg] t/v/
ul//x]sf b]lvGy] . a]nf a]nfdf
pgLx?sf] cf“vf cfsfzlt/ kms{GYof] .
sf/0f wfd / jfbnsf] 7]ufg g}
lyPg . wfg r'6g\ sf nflu d]l;gn]
ubf{ w]/} g} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 d]lzgdf
wfgsf afnf ldnfp“ b } s[ l if
cgnfO{gsf] 6f]nLnfO{ atfp“b} lyP
/ofn]sf lbks ;fksf]6f . v'§fn]
d]l;gsf] kfp bjfp“b} eGb} lyP
klxn] h:tf] kd{ x/fpg yfNof]
v]tdf sfd ug]{ hgzlQm g} kfpg
5f8] . v]tL ls;fg ug]{ ufp“sf
o'jfx? ;j} zx/ xflgPsf 5g\ pgL
yKb} lyP .
lgwf/ l/Q b]lvPsL dlxnf
kfj{tL ;fksf]6fnfO{ ;f]Wof} bz}+df
klg l/Qf] lgwf/ 5 dfO{tL hfg' ePg
< pgn] elgg] dfO{t t uO{of] pt}
b'Or
{ f/ lbg j:g klg dg lyof] t/
l6sfs} lbg wfg sf6\gsf nflu
kmls{xfn] . cfsfzlt/ kms{b} pgn]
elgg\ x]g'{;\ cfsfzdf jfbnn]
9fls;Sof] clxn] kfgL k¥of] eg]
dlxgfsf] d]xgt v]/ hfG5 . Ps
lbg /dfO{nf] u/]/ s] ug'{ aif{e/L
vfg kg]{ wfgsf] kL/ kf] 5 t <
pgn] atfO{g\ . ;f] If]qdf wfg
leq\ofpg] t/v/df v]t u/fdf wfg
sf6\b,} r'6b\ } u/]sf] ;j} ls;fgx?sf]
s/Lj Pp6} s'/f lyof] . wfgv]tL u/]/
kmfObf ePg, t/sf/L v]tL ubf{ klg
ljrf}lnofdfq df]6fpg] eP h;f] u/]
klg ;'v 5}g . wfgsf] cfnLdf sfd
c¥x|fp“b} u/]sf Ps a[4 eGb} lyP
kmfObf gfkmf eGbf klg cfkm\gf]
k/Dk/fut ?kdf ub}{ cfPsf] sd{
xftd'v hf]g{] d]nf] t ug]{ k¥of] afa'
t/ o;k6s wfg ;vfk} eof] . s[lifn]
lbPsf] wfg g} kmn nfu]g s;n]
;'lGbG5 / xfd|f] s'/f . x'g klg
ls;fgsf s'/f ;'lglbg] sf]xL b]lvPg .
Ps bh{ g eGbf a9L wfg
leq\ofp“b} u/]sf v]tsf u/fx?df
k'Ubf ls;fgx? pT;flxt t lyPg}
t/ klg kfgL knf{ ls eGg] qf;n]
xtf/ xtf/ ul//x]sf lyP . xfdL
s]xL cufl8 a9\b} lyof} cs:dft
cfsfzdf afbn d8fl/of], pHofnf]
cfsfz Ps}l5g\df cWof/f] x'g yfNof]
ls;fgx? cQfln+b} r'l6;s]sf] wfg
af]/fdf xfNb} lyP . cs:dft cl;gf
kfgL alif{of] sl/j sl/j ;j}sf]
u/fsf] vnfdf ePsf] wfg kfgLn]
lehfof] . s]xL ;do cufl8;Dd
pT;flxt / k|el' Nnt ls;fgsf d'xf/
Ps}l5g\df kl/jt{g eof] xFl;n]
cg'xf/ lgofp“/f] / b'Mlvt agfof]
5 dlxgfb]lvsf] dfgf /f]k]/ d'/L
leq\ofpg] ;kgf t'xfO{lbof] Ps}l5g\sf]
cl;gf kfgLn] . –oz:jL zfxL
:s';sf] v]tLaf6 ls;fgn] u/] /fd|f] cfDbfgL
ufO{ 3 f6 . pbok' / lhNnfsf
kxf8L uflj;sf :yfgLon]
:s';v]tLaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL u/]sf
5g\ . ;fpg], vf“a' tyf /f}tf uflj;sf
s[ifsn] o;k6s klg :s'; laqmL
u/]/ b;}F+sf] ;dodf /fd|f] vr{
h'6fPsf] :yfgLo :s'; laqm]tf s[ifs
atfp“5g\ . k|Tos jif{ :s';v]tL ub}{
cfPsf o; If]qsf s[ifsn] o;k6s
klg /fd|;
} Fu :s'; laqmL ug{ ;kmn
eO/x]sf] /f}tf–( sf xs{axfb'/ du/n]
atfP . /f}tf–( sf d]vaxfb'/ du/
eG5g\, æc;f]hsf] klxnf] xKtfb]lv
clxn];Dd cfkm"n] emG8} ? ^)
xhf/;Ddsf] :s'; laqmL ul/;s]sf]
/ cem} klg laqmL ub}5
{ '.
Æo:t} vfFa'–$ sf lji0f'dfof
>]i7 klg o;k6s b;}Fc
+ l3 / b;}Fs
+ f]
;dodf cfkm"n] /fd|f] :s'; laqmL ug{
;kmn ePsf] atfp“5g\ .b;}Fcl3 g}
emG8} ? $) xhf/a/fa/sf] :s';
laqmL u/]sf] / :s'; laqmL u/]sf]
k};fn] b;}F+ vr{;d]t rnfPsf]
>]i7sf] egfO 5 . lhNnf ;b/d'sfd
ufO{3f6 ahf/ tyf k"jL{ If]qsf]
a] N 6f/ ahf/b] l v t/fO{ s f]
lhNnf;Dd :s';sf] dfu ePsf
sf/0f clxn] o; If]qsf s[ifsn]
:s'; laqmL u/]/ /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng]
u/]sf] :jod\ s[ifs atfp“5g\ .
lhNnfsf kxf8L uflj;af6
vl/b u/]/ ;b/d'sfd ufO{3f6
ahf/df laqmL ug{ NofOPsf] :s';sf]
k|ltlsnf] ? #) b]lv ? $) ;Dd
ahf/ efp k' u ] s f] :s' ; tyf
t/sf/L Jofkf/Lx¿ atfp“5g\ .
lhNnfsf] /f}tf, vf“a', ;Nn] tyf
cf“k6f/ If]qdf pTkfbg u/]sf] :s';
clxn] ;b/d' s fd ufO{ 3 f6b] l v
t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿ ;Kt/L, l;/xf
tyf wg'iff / ;'g;/L If]q;Ddsf
Jofkf/Ln] vl/b u/]/ n}hfg] u/]sf]
cf“k6f/–@ sf :yfgLo s'df/l;+x /fO{
atfp“5g\ . kxf8L If]qdf ;d]t ;8s
lj:tf/ ePsf sf/0f klg clxn] o;
If]qsf :s'; 3/–3/af6 g} Jofkf/Ln]
vl/b u/]/ n}hfg] u/]sf] :yfgLosf]
egfO 5 . ufp“–ufp“;Dd oftfoft
;~rfng ePsf sf/0f / :s';sf]
ahf/ klg a9\b} uPkl5 clxn] o;
If]qsf s[ifs :s';v]tLtkm{ cfslif{t
ePsf x'g\ .
k|To]s jif{ :s';sf] df};ddf o;
If] q sf :s' ; pTkfbs s[ i fsn]
sDtLdf ? @) xhf/b]lv a9Ldf ?
Ps nfv;Ddsf] :s'; laqmL ug]{
u/] s f] vfFa' – $ sf dfgaxfb' /
SofkL5fs] du/sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 .
clxn] b;}Fcl3 g} k|Tos 3/af6
pTkfbg ul/Psf :s';dWo] %)
k| l tzt pTkflbt :s' ; laqmL
eO;s]sf] vf“a–& sf Ps lzIfs
afns[i0f ltlD;gfn] atfP .
s[lifs} wfgsf] aLpn] lbPg pTkfbg
sfe| ] . lhNnf s[ l if sfof{ n o sfe| ] s f] ;Nnfx cg' ; f/ nufOPsf] v' d n6f/ $ dG;' n L wfgdf kmf] u 6f
a9L nfu]sfn] wfg pTkfbgdf sdL cfPsf] sfe|] lhNnf /ofn] uflj;sf
ls;fg ch{ g ;fksf] 6 fn] s[ l if cgnfO{ g nfO{ atfPsf 5g\ . s[ l if
ljsf; sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] wfgaf6 w]/ } pTkfbg x' g ] cfzf
lnPsf] ePklg cfh wfg sf6\g] a]nfdf wfgsf] afnfdf wfg gb]v]kl5
Gofl;|+b} pgn] eg] s;sf] ljZjf; ug'{ < d'vn] Pp6f / Jojxf/n]
csf] { x' G 5 . h;/L klg ls;fgx? g} df/df k/] s f 5g\ .
wfgsf afnf b]vfpFb} pgn] eg] ;j} l7dfxf eP/ cfP . wfgsf
afnfdf sfnf] sf]nf] b]lvPsf wfg b]vfpFb} oL ;j} l7dfxf x'g\ x]g'{;\ t
wfg g} 5}g . u'0f:t/Lo wfg xf] w]/} kmN5 eg]/ nufOPsf] of] k6s
bzkfyL df Psdfly wfg 36\g] ef] ;fksf]6fn] atfP . pgn] kf/L k§L
nufPsf] aGbfsf]eL b]vfpFb} eg] . wfgafnLaf6 pTkfbg nfut gp7]kl5 t/sf/L v]tL u/]sf] Tof] klg ljrf}lnofsf
sf/0f /fd|f] k};f cfP/ a]Rg' eGbf ufO{a:t'nfO{ g} Vjfpg' a]z eGb} pgn] v]te/L TolQs} /x]sf] aGbf b]vfP .
ahf/df cfkm"n] lsGg uP #) ?k}ofF s]hL eG5g\ cfkm\gf] af/Lsf] a]Rbf % ?k}oF eG5g\ lsg a]Rg' pgn] eg] .
%
lh“pbf] df5fsf] dfu cTolws
sf7df8f}+ . utaif{sf] t'ngfdf of] aif{ bz} kj{sf] cj;/df df5f
pkef]Qmfx?n] cTolws ?kdf lhp“bf] df5f vl/b u/]sf 5g\ . d[t df5f
eGbf lhp“bf] df5f u'0f:t/Lo x'g] eGb} df5f k;nx?df lhp“bf] df5f
pkef]Qmfx?n] a9L vf]h]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . utaif{sf] bz}+df s/Lj @) 6g
eGbf a9L ljqmL gePsf] lhp“bf] df5f of] aif{ ljxLaf/ a]n'sf;Dd s/Lj
&) 6g ljqmL eO{;s]sf] dT:o Joj;foL ;+3 af/fsf cWoIf h+uaxfb'/
;fxn] s[lif cgnfO{gnfO{ atfPsf 5g\ .
zfxsf cg';f/ pkTosfdf pkef]Qmfx?sf] dfu cg'?k lelqg] lhp“bf]
df5fdf *) k|ltzt af/faf6 lelqg] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] @) k|ltzt lrtjgsf]
lhp“bf] df5f lelqg] u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . pkef]Qmfx?sf] dfunfO{ b[li6ut
u/L dT:o Joj;foL ;+3sf] kxndf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq dfq %@ :yfgdf
lhp“bf] df5f ljqmL s]Gb|x? :yfkgf eO{;s]sf] ;d]t cWoIf ;fxn] atfP .
bz} xf]Og wfg sf6\g] r6f/f]
sf7df8f}+ . bz}+ w'dwfdn] dgfpg] z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg eO{/x]sf]
ePklg ls;fgsf nflu bz}+ xtf/f] clg r6f/f] ub}{ ljlt/x]s]f 5 . ljxfg
;j]/} ci6dLsf] k"hf cr{gf ;Sb} wfg sf6\g v]tlt/ bf}l8Psf 5g\ ls;fg .
ljz]if u/L sf“7 If]qdf oltv]/ wfg sf6\g] r6f/f]n] ubf{ bz}+ eGbf klg
kfsL;s]sf] wfg 3/leq leq\ofpg kfO{g] xf] ls xf]Og eGg] lrGtfn] ls;fgx?nfO{
lk/f]ns
] f] 5 . sf7df8f}s
+ f] eb|jf;, gof“kf6L, OGb|fo0fL, ;f“v' nufotsf v]tx?df
ls;fgx? wfg sf6\g] / r'6g\ ] sfddf g} Jo:t b]lvPsf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ af]Ng]
;d]t km';b{ 5}g . l5gdf 3fd / l5gdf jfbn ePklg emg\ Jo:t b]lvG5g\
ls;fgx? . sf6\b} u/]sf] wfgsf c+ufnf] jf]Sb} bf}8b\ } d]l;g glhs k'u/] l56f]
l56f] eGb} xtf/f]df wfg sf6\gdf g} tlNng] 5g\ .
wfg sf6\g] hgzlQmsf cefjsf sf/0f sfF7 If]qdf t/fO{sf If]qsf
>ldsx?sf] e/df wfg sf6\g' kg]{ jfWotf ;f] If]qx?df /x]sf] ls;fgx?
atfp“5g\ . ljutdf kd{ ->dsf] k}rf]_ ug]{ k/Dk/f lj:tf/} x6\b} uPsf
sf/0f klg >ldsx?sf] cefj x'g uPsf] ls;fgx? :jo+ atfp“5g\ .
sf7df8f}+sf] sfF7 If]qdf v]tL of]Uo e"ldx? 38]/Lsf nflu Knl6Ë ub}{
ljqmL x'g yfn]kl5 hUufsf] efp a9\bf hUuf w]/} h;f] hUuf wgLx?
v]tLug]{ eGbf klg hUuf a]r]/ Aofh vfg yfn]sfn] kd{sf] rng lj:tf/}
x6\g yfn]sf] ;d]t atfp“5g\ .
wfg 9Nbf ls;fgx? dsf{df
eQmk'/ . b;}+ ;lsg] nut} k/]sf] xfjfx'/L;lxtsf] kfgLn] wfg 9n]kl5
ls;fgx? lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ . cl;gf;lxt k/]sf] kfgLn] lhNnfsf w]/}
7fp“df nufPsf wfgafnLdf Iflt k'us
] f] / wfg 9n]kl5 ls;fgx? lrlGtt
ag]sf x'g\ . kFx]nk'/ eO;s]sf] / sf6\g] a]nf ePsf] wfg st} em/]sf 5g\
t st} v]td} n8]sf 5g\ . b;}+sf] /f}gs g;ls“b} k/]sf] kfgLn] Iflt
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cfkm"x? df/df k/]s]f ;d]t ls;fgx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . lxhf]sf]
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s[lif
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;fKtflxs
Bacterial Quality of Meat
and public health hazards
Dr.Kedar Karki
Veterinary Health
Management Specialist
INTRODUCTION: Meat is
the most perishable of all
important foods since it
contains sufficient nutrient
needed to support the growth
of microorganisms. The chief
constituents of meat are water,
protein and fat, phosphorus,
iron and vitamins are also
contained in meat. The major
primary unit of meat is called
carcass. It represents the ideal
meat after head, hide, intestine,
blood. The edible parts of a
carcass include lean flesh, fat
flesh and edible glands or
organs such as heart, liver,
kidney tongue and brain. Meat
is considered as the most
nutritive source of protein
consumed by humans. Age and
sex of the animal has a major
influence on the quality of meat
that is produced from animals.
Most meat have high water
content corresponding to the
water activity approximately
0.99 which is suitable for
microbial growth.
Food borne microbiologic
hazards may be responsible for
as many cases of illness as
possible each year and are thus
an important food safety
challenge. To lower the
incidence of food borne
disease, many experts and
stakeholders
urge
the
development of a science- and
risk-based food safety system,
in which decision makers
prioritize
hazards
and
interventions using the best
available data on the
distribution and reduction of
risks. Such a system requires an
understanding of the many risk
factors between the point of
production and the point of
consumption and the ability to
systematically
target
intervention efforts along this
"farm-to-fork" continuum. The
preservation of meat as a
perishable food usually is
accomplished by a combination
of preservation methods which
greatly lengthen the keeping
quality the meat. So, to increase
meat quality assurance in
accordance with microbial load
assessment
is
deemed
necessary.
The possible sources of
these bacteria are likely to come
from the skin of the animal from
which the meat was obtained.
Other potential sources of
microbial contaminations are
the equipment used for each
operation that is performed until
the final product is eaten, the
clothing and hands of
personnel and the physical
facilities themselves arte all
implicated. Retail cut could also
result in greater microbial load
because of the large amount of
exposed surface area, more
readily available water, nutrient
and greater oxygen penetration
available hence retail cuts
displayed are conducive for
microbial
growth
and
proliferation which leads to
spoilage of the meat.
Risk group and Public
Health Concern: Developing
countries are faced with a high
incidence of food poisoning
outbreaks related to the
consumption of meat, with obvious
economic consequences. During
informal slaughter of animals the
threat of food poisoning or transfer
of lethal zoonoses such as
anthrax, is particularly intense.
The prime objective of a meat
hygiene and safety programme
is
the
assurance
of
wholesomeness and the supply
of quality meat sold to the
consumer. The presence of a
meat inspection system
examines grossly apparent
abnormalities during the antemortem and post mortem
examination, but does not
recognize complex microbial
contamination, which could
later precipitate major public
health hazards and economic
loss in terms of food
poisoning and spoilage of
meat .Surface contamination
of carcasses during
slaughter and processing
can be reduced by ensuring
good manufacturing practices
such as hygiene and sanitation
of the floor, equipment, and
carcasses, with suitable
disinfectants and sanitizers. To
enable risks involved to be
estimated and appropriate
measures to be taken, analysis of
the slaughtering process has to be
complemented by collection of
abattoir-specific microbiological
monitoring data, in accordance with
hazard analysis critical control point
principles.Aregular microbiological
examination of carcasses allows
reliable conclusions to be drawn with
regard to long-term hygienic
conditions in abattoirs slaughter
places and meat shops.
Sourcesoffoodcontamination:
Sources of food contamination
may be primary, coming directly
from an infected food animal or its
secretions, or excretions; or
secondary, resulting from
contamination in handling of food.
Primary contamination : A
food animal may be slaughtered
while it is either infected with a
microbial pathogen or
contaminated with chemical or
other residues. In some
instances, this presents an
occupational hazard to
stockyard or abattoir workers,
but more often it poses a threat
to the consumer. Ante-mortem
inspection reveals only a small
percentage of these cases.
Secondary contamination :
Secondary infection may come
from infected humans or liveanimal carriers of pathogens,
soil, equipment, excreta and
hands, nasal discharges,
contaminated
wounds,
contaminated water, insects or
feed additives. Infected humans
may be the source of
contamination at any point in
the food chain but are most
frequently implicated when
preparing food for the table.
All fresh meat becomes
contaminated
with
microorganisms during the
slaughter and dressing process,
some of these bacteria may
include pathogens which are
food poisoning microorganisms.
Microbiological testing forms
part of hazard analysis critical
control point implementation.
Testing should be used to
investigate microbiological
effects of the operations within,
or affecting, any process, in
order to validate the procedure
adopted for controlling
microbiological contamination
of products. Microbiological
testing for hazard analysis
critical control point must
involve the enumerator and
indicator organism.
Indicator organisms :
Indicator organisms are a
group of bacteria that are
indicative for the possible
presence of organisms of
concern, such as pathogens.
They are used in assessment
of the overall quality of a food
and hygiene conditions
present during processing.
Indicator organisms include:
total aerobic counts, coli forms,
Enterobacteriaceae, generic
E.coli, fecal and streptocoi.This
will indicate how much clean,
hygienic
and
healthy
environment is there in
slaughter places.
Conclusion: The personnel
working in the butcher shops
did not apply hygienic
practices which is mainly due
to lack of knowledge. Based on
the bacteria isolated and
bacterial load on different
surfaces in the butcher shops,
meat could be contaminated by
contact with contaminated
surfaces and equipments in the
butcher shops to pose public
health hazards.
Thus to safeguard the
public against the risks of food
borne bacterial infections,
there is need to educate and
advocate for practicing good
sanitation and meat handling
techniques in the butcher
shops. Meat handlers and
sellers should be educated on
the adverse effect of lack of
proper
personal
and
environmental hygiene and
sanitation. Veterinary doctors
should inspect the animals to
be slaughter before the meat is
sold to the general public.
Good
manufacturing
practices should be adhered to
strictly by butchers and those
selling the meat, the water used
in washing the meat should be
sterile, also the equipment must
be washed properly before use.
Further regulatory and
educational efforts are needed
to improve the safety of
produce items. The application
of stringent hygiene practices
along the food chain and
prudent use of antibiotics in
animal husbandry which are
essential for the control of
further emergence of multidrug
resistance.
6
YOUTHS START COFFEE
FARMING BY INVESTING
TENMILLIONS OF RUPEES
Gorkha Bazaar,: Coffee farming has been started in Ripthok of
Dhuwakot VDC- 9 in Gorkha district with an investment of tens of
millions of rupees. A total of 25,000 coffee plants have been planted
in 400 ropanies of land. Some 13 youths of various districts started
it with an investment of Rs. 16 million through the Eco-Friendly
Agriculture Organic Concept Pvt. Ltd. Company shareholder
Santosh Pokhrel said the company has set a goal to develop the
Ripthok area as an integrated organic agriculture farming and
agriculture study centre.
Pokhrel said they plan to make the area an agriculture
tourism hub, adding a resort will be prepared within one year.
The company said coffee plants were brought from private
farms of Syangja and Parbat districts. In the beginning, they
brought plants by spending Rs. 5 million at Rs. 20 per plant,
which are planted with Japanese technology by preparing
organic fertilizer. The farming was started by leasing land of 27
locals at Rs. 800,000 and the coffee will give production after
three years. Nepal's coffee is being exported to international
market including South Korea and Japan.
FLORICULTURE FAIR
FROM OCTOBER 17
Lalitpur,: The godawari flower fair will be held at Jawalakhel
football ground from October 17. The fair targeting the second
largest festival of Nepal, Tihar, will have flowers especially used
in Tihar, said Floriculture Association Chairman Loknath Gaire.
It will be held until October 20, increased by one day as per the
demand of entrepreneurs this year. Nepalese products supply 80
percent of flower demand and 20 percent is imported from India.
Nepal has Rs. 1.15 billion transaction of flower annually.
FOOD CRISIS HITS
DOZENS OF VDCS IN
DARCHULA
Gokuleswar (Darchula),: Locals of more than a dozen VDCs
in Darchula district are facing food crisis, with the delay in food
supply.The locals in the affected areas are dependent on supplies
by Nepal Food Corporation. However, the food crisis has surfaced
after the supply has been delayed.Food supplies targeted for
Dashain festival also did the reach the target group, according
to the locals. The NFC had reportedly sent food supplies from
its zonal office in Kailali.
NFC officials however have cited lack of proper roads to
transport the food supplies from the district headquarters
Khalanga to different parts of the district.Any further delay
in reaching the essential food supplies to the affected areas
could lead to a state of famine, the locals have said.
FARMERS HAPPY AS
TOMATOES ARE
EXPORTED TO INDIA
Panchthar,: Farmers of northern and southern VDCs of
Panchthar district are now happy as tomatoes they produce are
exported to India. They are now happy as they export to Siliguri,
India as there is no good price in local market.
Mamata Yonghang of Panchami said now we reach to Siliguri
via Kakadbhitta where we can sell at thrice the price here. Daily
50 quintals of tomatoes are exported, said a local Gyanendra
Laksh. The local price is Rs. 25 per kg, whereas in Siliguri they
can sell it at Rs. 65 per kg. RSS
Please do not distrub, man is sleeping with goat near children
Park Bhrikuti mandap. Photp : Krishi Weekly
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:yfkgf ub}{ 5g\ . cGo ls;fgn] :yfgLo
:t/df of] k|lt/f]w / ;+3if{ j}slNks
h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t kof{j/l0fo
gd"gfsf] ljsf; / cfEof;af6 ub}{ 5g\ .
lkmlnlkG;sf d];LKofu ls;fgn]
k/Dk/fut :yfgLo lapsf ljljwtfaf6
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;'/Iff / :jf:Yosf] kmfObfaf6 nfef+lGjt
5g\ . laplahg u'0f:tl/otf lgoGq0fsf
nflu s[ifsn] cfkm\g} k|df0fLs/0f k|so[ f
ljsf; u/] s f 5g\ . To;} u /L
O08f]gl] zofsf ls;fgn] klg h}ljs
s[ifsx?sf] ;+hfn h]s/kLcf] -Jaker PO_
:yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ h;n] ljpsf] o+/If0f
/ k|of]unfO{ hf]8 lbG5 . To:t} Plzofsf
u|fdL0f dlxnfsf] …lbbL alxgLx? laplahg
cfkm\g} clwgdf /fvf+Ú} eGg] cfXjfgn]
klg ;Dk"0f{ hg;+3if{sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
lgZro g} oL ;a} if8oGqsf]
kbf{kmf; x'g] 5 /] ;+3i{fdf ls;fgsf]
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afxs o'jf zlSt x'gk' 5{ / s]Gb| dlxnf .
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of] cfGbf]ngn] ;j} If]q / ;d'bfonfO{
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eGg] ub{l5g\ eg] cgf}krfl/s ?kdf To;n] vf;} pknlAw xfl;n ug{
g;s]sf] :jLsf/ ub{l5g\ . cfk"m :jo+ s[lif If]qsf] cgle1 JolQm ePsfn]
klg cWoIf ePsf gftfn] jfWotfdf /fd|f s'/f af]Ng' k/]sf] ts{ pgn]
/fv]sL l5g\ .
Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmdn] ls;fgx?nfO{ s'g} klg kmfObf
gePsf] ls;fgx?af6} u'gf;f cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qdf ;~rfngdf
cfPsf ljleGg sfo{qmd dWo] ;j}eGbf c;kmn sfo{qmd ePsf] / o;n]
vf;} k|ult ug{ g;s]s]f lhNnf s[lif sfof{no /fd]5fksf clwsf/Lx?n]
atfPsf 5g\ . To:t} alb{ofdf a]n k|j{4g ug]{ sfo{ klg c;kmn ePsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . s[lif If]qdf s'g} klg sfd gu/]sf sf/0f pBd s]Gb|sL
cWoIf ejfgL /f0ffn] cj alb{ofdf s[lif v]tLdf nufgL ug]{ tof/L
ul//x]]sf klg a'lemPsf] 5 .
;'b/" klZrdf~rndf rfdnsf]
;ª\s6 l;+xb/af/ a]va/
uf]s'n]Zj/ -bfr'{nf_ . bfr'{nfsf] b'x“'nufotsf clwsf+z If]qdf
kg]{ bh{geGbf a9L uflj;sf afl;Gbfn] nfdf] ;dob]lv r/d
vfBfGg ;ª\s6 ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . vfBfGg pTkfbg sd x'g] ;f]
If]qdf g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgn] ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] vfBfGgsf] e/ kb}{
cfPsf eP klg o; jif{ ;dodf g} vfBfGg 9'jfgL gx'“bf :yfgLo
afl;Gbfn] vfB ;ª\s6 ef]lu/x]sf x'g\ . b;}“nfO{ nlIft u/L g]kfn
vfB ;+:yfgsf] c~rn sfof{no s}nfnLn] bfr'{nfsf nflu vfBfGg
k7fPsf] hgfP klg pQm vfBfGg c´} bfr'{nfsf ;DalGwt If]qdf
gk'u]sf] :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] egfO 5 .
lhNnf ;b/d'sfd vnª\ufaf6 vfBfGg 9'jfgL ug{ af6f]sf] ;d:of
ePsfn] yk vfB ;ª\s6 l;h{gf ePsf] xf] . o;sf ;fy} kl5Nnf]
;do ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{n] dxfsfnL gbLdf t'Og /fVg;d]t glbPkl5
ef/taf6 ;d]t vfBfGg Nofpg g;Sbf ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yf l;h{gf
ePsf] b'xs
“' f :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] atfPsf 5g\ . ptf g]kfn vfB
;+:yfg If]qLo sfof{non] k7fPsf] rfnd gk'Ubf bfr'{nfsf] b'x'“
If]qdf vfBfGgsf] ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . b'x'“ If]qdf kg]{ bh{geGbf a9L
uflj;sf :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] nfdf] ;dob]lv vfB ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf
5g\ . vfBfGg pTkfbg sd x'g] ;f] If]qsf :yfgLo ;+:yfgn]
ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] vfBfGgsf] e/ kb}{ cfPsf eP klg of] jif{
;dodf g} vfBfGg 9'jfgL gx'“bf vfB ;ª\s6 ePsf] :yfgLojf;Lsf]
egfO 5 . ;+:yfg If]qLo sfof{nosf k|dv
' ;'/G] b|/fh lji6n] b;}FeGbf
s]xL lbgcl3 dfq} pQm If]qdf kg]{ ;'g;]/f l8kf]df vfB k'u]sf]
va/ cfPsf] atfP .
æc;f]h !$ ut] g} !%÷@) af]/f rfdn k'Uof] eGg] va/ cfPsf]
lyof]Æ–pgn] eg]–æbfr'n
{ f ;b/d'sfdaf6 vRr/sf] ;xfotfn] 9'jfgL
ug'k{ g]{ ePsfn] s]xL l9nfO ePsf] xf] .Æ pgn] 7]sb] f/ sDkgLn]
bfr'n
{ fsf tLgj6} l8kf]sf nflu vfBfGg 9'jfgL ul//x]sf] atfP . t/
:yfgLojf;Ln] eg] ;+:yfgn] b;}FnfO{ nlIft u/L k7fPsf] vfBfGg
gk'us
] f] u'gf;f] u/]sf x'g\ . lhNnf ;b/d'sfd vnª\ufaf6 vfBfGg
9'jfgL ug{ af6f]sf] ;d:of ePsfn] vfBfGg k'¥ofpg g;Sbf ;ª\s6
l;h{gf ePsf] xf] .
h}ljs k|fª+ fl/s dn Sj]g yf]ª+ \ / Go" nfO{6 k|of]u u/f}+
df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmnfO{ j9fO{ pTkfbgdf a[l4 u/f}Æ+
yfO{Nof08sf] k|ltli7t Plzof Pu|f] 6]s sDkgL
ln= jf6 pTkflbt, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg
kl/ifb\jf6 kl/If0f k|fKt g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL df6f]
;'xf+pbf], df6f] / jf]6 lj?jfnfO{ /f]u ls/fn]
;d]t c;/ ug{ g;Sg]
ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ug}{ gkg]{ h}ljs k|fË+ fl/s dn
g]kfnsf]
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ljqm]tf
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af9Ln] s[lif pTkfbg Wj:t kf¥of]
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o:tf] xf]nf eg]/ xfdLn] ;f]rs
] f klg
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ePsf] hltklg Iflt 5 To; dWo]
nueu krf; k|ltzt alb{ofdf
ePsf] 5 . c7f/ xhf/ 3/kl/jf/sf]
nueu b'O{ nfv dflg;x?sf]
xf/fxf/Ldf lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\ .
tL ;j}sf s[lif of]Uo e"ldx? af9Lsf
sf/0f pAhlg gx'g] au/ ag]sf]
5 . alb{of lhNnf eg]sf] wfg /
u'x“ afnLdf lgs} pTkfbg x'g] lhNnf
xf] . vf; u/]/ wfgafnLsf nflu
lgs} pj{/f zlQm ePsf] hdLg g}
alb{of xf] . To:tf] pj{/ df6f] ePsf]
hdLg o;aif{ cfPsf] af9Lsf
sf/0f ;vfkg} ePsf] 5 . v]taf/L
/ af6f]x? afn'jfn] k'l/Psf] cj:yf
5 . Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf] eg]
oxf“n] p7fpg' ePsf] k|Zg h:t}
;f“lRrs}df o;} af9Lsf sf/0f of]
aif{ pTkfbg Wj:t eof] . oltv]/
wfg leq\ofpg ls;fgx? v]tdf
elgPsf] 5 ca of] nfO{ s;/L
Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 <
c7f/xhf/ 3/kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf]
hLjg u'hf/f ug]{ yfs ynf] g}
af9Lsf sf/0f u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 .
To;af6 nueu b'On
{ fv dflg;x?
vfBfGgaf6 al~rt x'g] cj:yf
klg b] l vPsf] 5 . v] t LafnL
nufot cGo s'/fx?nfO{ klg slt
Iflt ePsf] xf]nf eg]/ ;xh}
cg' d fg nufpg ;lsG5 .
alb{ofdf pTkfbg sd ePsf]
xf] O g t/ ca af9Ln] ubf{
pTkfbgdf x|f; eg] cjZo cfof] .
csf]{ s'/f af9Ln] ;a} afnL aufP/
nu]sf] cj:yf huhfx]/} 5 . casf]
lxp“ b ] a fnLsf nflu xfdL;“ u
aLpljhg 5}g\ . ls;fx?nfO{
aLpljhg s;/L lbg] eGg]s/' f
klg 5 . ls;fgx?nfO{ dfnkf]t
ldgfxf lbg] eGg] s'/f klg rn]sf]
5 t/ dfnkf]t ldgfxn] k'Ub}g
eGg] s'/f xfdLn] ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
ls;fgnfO{ k' / fg} cj:yfdf
kms{gsf nflu dn, aLpljhg,
v] t L ug{ s f nflu cfjZos
;j} OR5f zlQmdf e/ kg]{ s'/f xf] . d PSn}n]
u/]/ s]xL x'b“ g} klg . To;sf nflu ;j}sf]
;xof]u x'g' kb{5 . s[lif If]q cfhsf] ef]nL
kl/jt{g x'g] If]q xf]Og . t/ d}n] ;sf/fTds
s'/fx? kfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ls;fgnfO{ bIf
/ k|fljlws ?kdf klg ;Ifd agfpg' kb{5 eGg]
s'/f d]/f] xf] .
x'Gy] t/ au/ x]// ls;fgx?n]
lrQ a'emfpg' k/]sf] 5 . of]
l:yltsf] ;dfwfg s;/L ug]{ eGg]
7"nf] r'gf}lt oltv]/ 5 . af9Lkl5
Toxf“ jf“sL /x]sf wfgdf klg b'O–
tLg j6f /f]ux? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
To;sf nflu klg ;DaGwLt
;/f]sf/jfnf kIf;“u ldn]/ cf}ifwL
pkrf/sf] k|of; klg xfdLn] u/]sf
xf} . t/, xfd|f] /fHosf] l;:6d /
>f]t ;fwgsf] sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f
cfjZostf cg';f/ rflxP hlt
;]jf ls;fgx?n] kfpg ;s]gg\ .
) alb{ofdf nueu ;Q/L k|ltzt
v]tx? af9Ln] k|efj kf/]sf] 5
k"jf{wf/x?sf] Joj:yf, t6aGwgsf]
Joj:yf l;“ r fO{ s f] Joj:yf
nufotsf s'/fx? /fHon] tTsfn
pknAw ug'k{ 5 . h;/L af9Lsf
sf/0f k'/} v]taf/Ldf afn'jf k;]sf]
5 To;n] ls;fgx/sf nflu cfpg]
lbgx?df ljutdf h:t} pTkfbg
ug{ ;lhnf] klg 5}g . lxhf] h'g
?kdf pj{ / df6f] lyof] Tof]
Nofpgsf nflu ;do nfU5 .
) olt 7" n f] kl/0ffddf
vfBafnLsf] gf]S;fg ls;fgx?n]
Joxf]g'{ kl//x]sf] 5 o;sfnflu
;/sf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf] s'/f;d]t
u/]sf] kfO{bg} lg <
xf] /fHon] Ifltk" l t{ s f] s' / f
clxn];Dd u/]sf] 5}g . To; ljifodf
d}n] ;+;bdf klg s'/f p7fP“ . bft[
lgsfosf] ;xof]udf 6]06 nufP/
bzaL; lsnf] rfdn lbP/ /fHon]
pGd'lQm kfp“bg} . ca af9L kLl8t
ls;fgx?sf] hLjg ;fDo s;/L
agfpg], Ifltaf6 pgLx?nfO{ pGd'lQm
s;/L lbg], k'g:{ yfkgf / k'gl{ gdf0f{sf
s'/fx? Jojl:yt s;/L ug]{ ljifolt/
xfdLn] uDeL/ eP/ tTsfn} ;f]rg] f}
eg] kl5 o;sf] ljs/fn ?k lng
;S5 .
) o:tf] cj:yfdf ls;fgx? km]l/
s[lif pTkfbgsf nflu s;/L hfg
;Snfg\ t <
;/sf/n] af9L k|efljt If]qnfO{ nlIft
u/]/ goF“ sfo{ of]hgf Nofpg' kb{5
eGg] s'/f d]/f] xf] . ls;fgx?sf]
a;f]af;sf] Uof/]06L, k'g:{ yfkgf /
ls;fgx?sf] hLjg ;xhLs/0f u/L
km]/L s[lif pTkfbg ug{sf nflu s[lif
ljsf; a}s
+ af6 ;/n / ;xh ?kdf
z'Go k|ltzt Jofhdf xf]; jf
;x' l not Jofhb/df nlIft
cjlw;Ddsf nflu C0f k|jfxsf]
Joj:yf /fHon] ug'{ kb{5 . csf]{
s'/f ls;fgx?sf nflu cfjZos
aLpljhg nufot ljifodf cg'bfg
lbg] jf lgMz'Ns aLp pknAw u/fpg]
sfo{ klg ;/sf/n] ug'{ kb{5 . o;f]
ug{ ;lsPdfq k|efljt If]qx? k'/fg}
cj:yfdf kms{g ;S5g\ . ls;fgsf
kIfdf efif0f, gf/f clg Pglhcf],
cfO{Pglhcf]sf lrKnf uf8Lx?df
s'b/] 7"nf–7"nf s'/f u/]/ dfq} of]n]
ls;fgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'bg} .
) hgk|ltlglwsf gftfn] tkfO{n] s]
ub}} x'gx' G' 5 t <
af“s] alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/
Pu|LsNr/ xa aGg ;S5 To;sf
nflu d lgjf{rg nut} lqmofzLn
eP/ nflu/x]sf] 5' . xfdL;“u ePsf
l;S6f, aa}, /fhfk'/ nufotsf
of] h gfx? 5g\ . xfdL s[ l if
pTkfbgsf nflu w]/} g} sfd ug{
;S5f}+ . To;sf/0f klg d}n] s'/f
p7fp“ b } cfPsf] s] xf] eg]
dWoklZrdsf t/fO{ If] q
s~rgk'/b]lv af“s;
] Ddsf] If]qnfO{
Plu|sNr/ xasf] ?kdf ljsf; u/f}+
h;n] ubf{ s[lif pTkfbgdf w]/} 7"nf]
;~hos'df/ uf}td
;ef;b
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug ;S5 . h:t}
skf; ljsf; ;ldltsf gfddf
xfdL;“u xhf/f} ljufxf hdLg
cnu eP/ a;L /fv]sf] 5 . slxn]
;'s'Djf;Lsf gfddf t slxn]
d'Qmsd}ofsf gfddf xfdL To;df
/fhgLlt ul//x]sf x'G5f} . /fHon]
TolQ w]/} h+un km8fgL u/]/ xhf/f}
xhf/ ljufxf skf; ;ldltsf]
gfddf v]/ kmfln/x]sf] 5 Tof]
hdLgdf /fli6«o :t/sf] s[lif
ljZjljBfno jf k| f ljlws
ljZjljBfno ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5
eGg] cjwf/0ff ;lxt d cufl8
al9/x]sf] 5' . h;n] v]/uO/x]sf]
e"ldnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;S5 / s[lif
If]qnfO{ dfq xf]Og /fHonfO{ g}
7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug]5 . xfdL;“u >f]t
;fwg 5, pj{/fzlQm ePsf], gAa]
k|ltzt; eGbf klg a9L l;“rfO{
x'g] hdLg 5 To;nfO{ pkof]u
ug'{ kb{5 eGg] g} xf] .
) tkfO{n] t alb{of lhNnfsf
x/]s ufp“sf] df6f] kl/If0f u/]/
s[lif pTkfbg ug]{ s'/f ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] xf]Og <
xf], To;sf nflu lhNnf s[lif
sfof{no;“u xfdLn] sfd ug]{ hdsf]{
ul//xsf 5f}+ . df6f] kl/If0fsf nflu
jftfj/0f agfp“b} 5f}+ . df6f] kl/If0f
kZrft dfq xfdL df6f] ;'xfp“bf]
s[lif pkh pTkfbg ug'{ kb{5 eg]/
To;sf nflu k|f/lDes r/0fsf] sfo{
ub}{ 5f}+ . lhNnfel/sf] df6f] kl/If0f
ug{sf nflu /fHo txaf6 g} sfd
ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ xfdL To;tkm{ cufl8
a9]sf 5f}+ . d}n] lgjf{rg eGbf
cufl8 eg] s f] s' / f To;nfO{
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] kIfdf d b[9
eP/ nflu/x]sf] 5' .
) ;Dej b]Vg' ePsf] 5 tkfO{n]
agfpg' ePsf] of]hgf ;kmn xf]nf
eGg] <
Tof] ;j} OR5f zlQmdf e/ kg]{ s'/f
xf] . d PSn}n] u/]/ s]xL x'b“ g} klg .
To;sf nflu ;j}sf] ;xof]u x'g'
kb{5 . s[lif If]q cfhsf] ef]nL
kl/jt{g x'g] If]q xf]Og . t/ d}n]
;sf/fTds s'/fx? kfpg ;ls/x]sf]
5}g . ls;fgnfO{ bIf / k|fljlws
?kdf klg ;Ifd agfpg' kb{5 eGg]
s' / f d] / f] xf] . To;sf/0f
ls;fgx?nfO{ bIftf xfl;n u/fpg],
To; tkm{ nfUg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f xf] .
) skf; ljsf;sf] hUufdf s[lif
ljZjljBfno :yfkgfn] ;fy{stf
kfpnf t <
of] ljifodf d Psbd} ljZj:t
5' . h'g of]hgf d}n] p7fPsf]
5' / h;/L ;+sNk lnP/ of]
ldzgdf lx8]sf] 5' Tof] ;kmn
x' G 5 cfh gePklg ef] l nsf
lbgx?df of] ljifon] k" 0 f{ t f
k|fKt u5{ . / s[lif ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfn] ;fy{ s tf xfl;n
ub{5 . –j} s ' 0 7 e08f/L
df6f]sf] nflu pj{/fzlQm
Biocomp Nepal Pvt.Ltd, Damkal Road, Pulchok , Lalitpur
Phone 977-1-5554953, Email : [email protected] , Website : www.biocompnepal.com
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