DET MORALSKE GUDSBEVIS
DET MORALSKE GUDSBEVIS DET MORALSKE GUDSBEVIS 1.HVIS GUD IKKE FINDES, SÅ FINDES DER IKKE OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER 2.DET ER IKKE SANDT AT DER IKKE FINDES OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER 3.DERFOR ER DET IKKE SANDT GUD IKKE FINDES 1 - GUD OG OBJEKTIV MORAL • ER NØDVENDIG FOR OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER "The universe we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at bottom, no design, no purpose, no evil and no good, nothing but blind pitiless indifference." (Richard Dawkins, River out of Eden) 1 - GUD OG OBJEKTIV MORAL • ER NØDVENDIG FOR OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER "We have not been able to show that reason requires the moral point of view or that all really rational persons, unhoodwinked by myth or ideology, not be individual egoists or classic amoralists. Reason doesn't decide here. The picture I have painted for you is not a pleasant one. Reflection on it depresses me. ... The point is this: pure practical reason, even with a good knowledge of the facts, will not take you to morality." (Kai Nielsen: Why should I Be Moral?" 1984) 1 - GUD OG OBJEKTIV MORAL • ER NØDVENDIG FOR OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER "If ... there are ... objective values, they make the existence of a god more probable than it would have been without them. Thus we have ... a defensible argument from morality to the existence of a god.“ (J.L. Mackie The Miracle of Theism - 1982) 1 - GUD OG OBJEKTIV MORAL • ER NØDVENDIG FOR OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER OG PLIGTER "A moral world is ... very probable on theism." (Paul Draper – citeret fra “Necessary Moral Truth and the Need for explanation." 2000) 1 - GUD OG OBJEKTIV MORAL “morality is a biological adaptation no less than are hands and feet and teeth. Considered as a rationally justifiable set of claims about an objective something, ethics is illusory. I appreciate that when somebody says ‘Love thy neighbor as thyself,’ they think they are referring above and beyond themselves. Nevertheless, such reference is truly without foundation. Morality is just an aid to survival and reproduction . . . and any deeper meaning is illusory” (Evolutionary Theory and Christian Ethics,” in The Darwinian Paradigm (London: Routledge, 1989), pp. 262-269. ) EUTHYPHRO PROBLEMET "Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious? Or is it pious because it is loved by the gods ?“ (Socrates til Euthyphro) GUD ER ET PROBLEM FOR OBJEKTIVE MORALSKE VÆRDIER “Despite superficial differences Socrates’ concern is closely related to ours. We can adapt the Euthyphro Problem to our discussion of whether morality requires a religious foundation by considering the following conditional formulation of the doctrine of divine command. Divine Command: If God exits, x is good or right if and only if God approves of x.” (Brink, 2007) Kan der kun være godhed, hvis Gud findes? VOLUNTARISME Hvis det gode er godt fordi Gud kan lide det, så er det godes natur afhængig af et subjekts indstilling til det. NATURALISME Hvis det gode informerer og kvalificerer Guds indstilling til det, så ER det noget førend Gud forholder sig til det, og det afhænger således ikke af Gud. Essentialisme • Gud er essentiel god, og har nødvendig eksistens sammen med Guds natur. Gud er standarten for hvad der er godt, som en kæp i Paris definerer hvad en meter er. Uden den kæp – ingen meter, og uden Gud – ingen godhed. Det gør dog ikke det gode arbitrært for Gud kunne ikke være anderledes end Han er. En de jure indvending “The point is rather that it is impossible to deduce an ethical conclusion from entirely nonethical premises. ‘We cannot infer ‘We ought to do X’ from, for example, ‘God commands us to do X’, unless this is supplemented by the ethical premiss, ‘We ought to do what God commands’; and it is quite useless to offer instead of this some additional non-ethical premiss, such as ‘God commands us to obey His commands’” (Prior, Faith, Unbelief and Evil 1949)
© Copyright 2024