Syntax: The analysis of sentence structure Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlangga University Grammatical or Ungrammatical: 1. The boy found the ball 2. The boy found quickly 3. The boy found in the house 4. The boy found the ball in the house 5. Disa slept the baby 6. Disa slept soundly Find: Transitive verb (with object) Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object) Syntactic Categories (1) Lexical categories  Noun (N)  Verb (V)  Adjective (A)  Preposition (P)  Adverb (Adv) Examples  moisture, policy  melt, remain  good, intelligent  to, near  slowly, now Syntactic Categories (2) Non-lexical categories  Determiner (Det)  Degree word (Deg)  Qualifier (Qual)  Auxiliary (Aux)  Conjunction (Con) Examples  the, this  very, more  always, perhaps  will, can  and, or Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a. The glass suddenly broke. Det / N / Adv / V b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane. Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N c. The peaches never appear quite ripe. Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra. N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N Phrases     NP : Noun Phrase The car, a clever student VP : Verb Phrase study hard, play the guitar PP : Prepositional Phrase in the class, above the earth AP : Adjective Phrase very tall, quite certain Phrase Structure Rules   NP  (Det) N (PP) PP  P NP The bus (NP) Det N The bus The bus in the yard NP Det N PP P NP Det The bus in the N yard Phrase Structure Rules   VP  V (NP) (PP) S  NP (Aux) VP took the money (VP) V NP Det took the took the money from the bank VP V N NP Det money PP N P NP Det took the money from the N bank Draw the tree diagram. 1. repaired the telephone 2. the success of the program 3. a film about pollution 4. move towards the window 5. cast a spell on the broomstick The main structure rules 1. S  NP (Aux) VP 2. NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) 3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) 4. PP  P NP 5. AP  A (PP) Example (1) The old tree swayed in the wind S Aux NP Det Adj N VP V PP P NP Det The old tree past swayed in the N wind Example (2) The children put the toy in the box S NP Det VP N V NP Det PP N P NP Det The children put the toy in the N box Draw the structure trees for the following sentences Question # 5 a - f page. 240 Tree Diagram to be continued next week Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net Airlangga University