MYRRHA
International Symposium on
Present Status and Future Perspective for Reducing Radioactive waste
Tokyo, Japan
October 9-10,2014
Marc Schyns
SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
[email protected] or [email protected]
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA
Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications
Contributing to the European Strategy for P&T
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System
Reactor
Accelerator
• Subcritical or Critical modes
• 65 to 100 MWth
(600 MeV - 4 mA proton)
Spallation Source
Multipurpose
Flexible
Irradiation
Facility
Fast
Neutron
Source
Lead-Bismuth
coolant
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA Accelerator Challenge
fundamental parameters (ADS)
particle
p
beam energy
600 MeV
beam current
4 mA
mode
CW
MTBF
> 250 h
failure = beam trip > 3 s
implementation
superconducting linac
frequency
176.1 / 352.2 / 704.4 MHz
reliability = redundancy
double injector
“fault tolerant” scheme
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA linac
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SCK•CEN
Reactor layout






Reactor Vessel
Reactor Cover
Core Support Structure



Core Barrel
Core Support Plate
Jacket



Core Plug
Multifunctional Channels
Core Restraint System

IVFS

IVFHM
Core
 Reflector Assemblies
 Dummy Assemblies
 Fuel Assemblies
Spallation Target Assembly and Beam Line
Above Core Structure





Control Rods, Safety Rods, Mo-99 production units
Primary Heat Exchangers
Primary Pumps
Si-doping Facility
Diaphragm

IVFHS
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SCK•CEN
Multipurpose facility
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s
Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fission GEN IV
50 to 100 MWth
ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
Waste
Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Multipurpose
hYbrid
Research
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
Radioisotopes
Fusion
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
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SCK•CEN
Relative radiotoxicity
Motivation for transmutation
transmutation
of spent fuel
spent fuel
reprocessing
no
reprocessing
Uranium
naturel
Time (years)
Duration Reduction
1.000x
Volume Reduction
100x
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SCK•CEN
Fast Neutron are unavoidable for transmutation
• To transmute MAs, we need to fission them
• The ratio Fission/Capture is more favorable with fast neutrons
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SCK•CEN
Is sub-criticality a luxury?
Both Critical reactors as well as ADS can be used as Minor
Actinides transmuters.
Critical reactors, heavily loaded with MAs, can experience
severe safety issue due to reactivity effect induced by a
smaller fraction of delayed neutrons.
ADS can operate in a more flexible and safer manner even
if heavily loaded with MAs hence leading to efficient
transmutation.
Therefore we say that sub-criticality is not a luxury but a
necessity.
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SCK•CEN
Multipurpose facility
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s
Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fission GEN IV
50 to 100 MWth
ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
Waste
Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Multipurpose
hYbrid
Research
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
Radioisotopes
Fusion
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
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SCK•CEN
Prepare the path for Fusion DEMO
Irradiation capabilities under the spallation target
+10 cm
0 cm
-30 cm
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA for fusion irradiations
Estimated damage induced in DEMO and proposed
irradiation conditions in IFMIF and MYRRHA-IMIFF
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SCK•CEN
Multipurpose facility
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s
Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fission GEN IV
50 to 100 MWth
ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
Waste
Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
Multipurpose
hYbrid
Research
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
Radioisotopes
Fusion
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
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SCK•CEN
ISOL@MYRRHA
MYRRHA - Concept
• thin refractory metal foils
• carbide powders
• liquid targets
•surface ion source
•ECR ion source
•RILIS
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SCK•CEN
Beam-Splitting System (Concept)
600 MeV
~ 100 - 200 µA
pulsed beam
(up to 250 Hz)
600 - 800 MeV
2 - 4 mA
CW
Copyright © 2012
SCK•CEN
Multipurpose facility
Fuel research
Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s
Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(ppm He/dpa ~ 10)
in medium-large volumes
Material research
ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s
(En>1 MeV) in large volumes
Fission GEN IV
50 to 100 MWth
ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s
(En>0.75 MeV)
Waste
2.1015 n/cm².s
Φth = 0.5 to
(En<0.4 eV)
Multipurpose
hYbrid
Research
Reactor for
High-tech
Applications
Radioisotopes
Fusion
High energy LINAC
600 MeV – 1 GeV
Long irradiation time
Fundamental
research
Silicon
doping
Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s
(En<0.4 eV)
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SCK•CEN
Production of radioisotopes in MYRRHA
thermal neutron flux-traps
Core lay-out:
 In reflector positions
 Cooled by water
 In thermalized neutron field
 Transport by rabbit system
Target plates
in IPS:
 Positions also usable for
testing of materials in
thermal field!
=> Both are possible in MYRRHA:
 Testing of materials/fuels in fast (core) field
 Testing of materials/fuels in thermalized (peripheral) field
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SCK•CEN
European Context
ESFRI
European
Strategic
Forum for
Research
Infrastructure
Knowledge
Economy
Energy
Independence
SET Plan
European
Strategic
Energy Plan
27.11.2010
Confirmed on ESFRI
priority list projects
15.11.2010
in ESNII
(SNETP goals)
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SCK•CEN
Belgian commitment: secured
International consortium: under construction
2nd phase (11 y)
others 576 M€
Consortium
Belgium 60 M€
(12 M€/y x 5 y)
Belgium 324 M€
(36 M€/y x 9 y)
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SCK•CEN
The project schedule
2010-2014
2015
Front End
Tendering &
Engineering
Procurement
Design
2016-2018
Construction of
components &
civil engineering
2019
On site
assembly
2020-2022
2023
2024Commissioning Progressive
Full
start-up
exploitation
Minimise
technological
risks
Secure
the licensing
Secure a
sound
management
and
investment
structure
PDP
preliminary
dismantling
plan
Central
Project
Team
PSAR
preliminary
safety
assesment
Owner
Consortium
Group
EIAR
environmental
impact
assesment
Owner
Engineering
Team
FEED
(Front End
Engineering
Design)
2010-2014
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA international network
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SCK•CEN
OPERATION PHASE
International Members Consortium - Phase 2
«ERIC» (*)
CLOSED/
SHARED
INFORMATION
for MoC
OPEN
INFORMATION
SHARED
INFORMATION
for participants
CLOSED
INFORMATION
for participants
Members of Consortium ~25%
- Individual research of a member of Consortium
- Collaborative research amongst members of
Consortium
- 3 years program commitment
Open User Facility
BENEFITS for Members of Consortium
• Board position to control overal operation
• Priority of access
• Potential benefit of low price (compensation
profit from commercial revenues)
• Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd)
~25%
- Governments funding
- Criteria of research excellence
- Independant program access committee (PAC)
~25%
Collaborative research
- Distribution of information to participants
Contract research…..
Commercial services
- RI
- NTD Silicon
~25%
SCK•CEN
as qualified and
licenced operator of
the MYRRHA
infrastructure under
contractual
arrangement with ERIC
(*) European Research
Infrastructure Consortium
Copyright © 2012
SCK•CEN
Conclusions
 MYRRHA As a Multipurpose Fast Spetrum irradiation
facility selected by ESFRI, is responding to:
 The issue of addressing the nuclear waste legacy of present
reactor technology through advance options (ADS, P&T)
 The SNETP need for a multipurpose research infrastructure
expressed in its Strategic Research Agenda whatever the
considered technology for Gen.IV systems
 The Objective of Belgium and SCK•CEN to maintain a high level
expertise in the country in the nuclear safety, nuclear technology
and nuclear competencies independently of the future of NE
 The objective of the European Commission to make available a
series of relevant irradiations facilities for the fusion material
research community towards the DEMO construction
 Secure society needs for RI for medical applications and DoppedSi for renewable Energy
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SCK•CEN
MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM
A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE)
BR2 reactor
(existing)
Utilities
buildings
MYRRHA
reactor
building
MYRRHA LINAC
high energy tunnel
ECR source &
Injector Building
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SCK•CEN
Copyright © 2013 - SCKCEN
PLEASE NOTE!
This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied,
distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCK•CEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it
as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCK•CEN”.
SCK•CEN
Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie
Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire
Belgian Nuclear Research Centre
Stichting van Openbaar Nut
Fondation d'Utilité Publique
Foundation of Public Utility
Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS
Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL
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SCK•CEN