MYRRHA
MYRRHA International Symposium on Present Status and Future Perspective for Reducing Radioactive waste Tokyo, Japan October 9-10,2014 Marc Schyns SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium [email protected] or [email protected] Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Contributing to the European Strategy for P&T Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA - Accelerator Driven System Reactor Accelerator • Subcritical or Critical modes • 65 to 100 MWth (600 MeV - 4 mA proton) Spallation Source Multipurpose Flexible Irradiation Facility Fast Neutron Source Lead-Bismuth coolant Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA Accelerator Challenge fundamental parameters (ADS) particle p beam energy 600 MeV beam current 4 mA mode CW MTBF > 250 h failure = beam trip > 3 s implementation superconducting linac frequency 176.1 / 352.2 / 704.4 MHz reliability = redundancy double injector “fault tolerant” scheme Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA linac Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Reactor layout Reactor Vessel Reactor Cover Core Support Structure Core Barrel Core Support Plate Jacket Core Plug Multifunctional Channels Core Restraint System IVFS IVFHM Core Reflector Assemblies Dummy Assemblies Fuel Assemblies Spallation Target Assembly and Beam Line Above Core Structure Control Rods, Safety Rods, Mo-99 production units Primary Heat Exchangers Primary Pumps Si-doping Facility Diaphragm IVFHS Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Multipurpose facility Fuel research Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fission GEN IV 50 to 100 MWth ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) Waste Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Radioisotopes Fusion High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time Fundamental research Silicon doping Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Relative radiotoxicity Motivation for transmutation transmutation of spent fuel spent fuel reprocessing no reprocessing Uranium naturel Time (years) Duration Reduction 1.000x Volume Reduction 100x Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Fast Neutron are unavoidable for transmutation • To transmute MAs, we need to fission them • The ratio Fission/Capture is more favorable with fast neutrons Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Is sub-criticality a luxury? Both Critical reactors as well as ADS can be used as Minor Actinides transmuters. Critical reactors, heavily loaded with MAs, can experience severe safety issue due to reactivity effect induced by a smaller fraction of delayed neutrons. ADS can operate in a more flexible and safer manner even if heavily loaded with MAs hence leading to efficient transmutation. Therefore we say that sub-criticality is not a luxury but a necessity. Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Multipurpose facility Fuel research Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fission GEN IV 50 to 100 MWth ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) Waste Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Radioisotopes Fusion High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time Fundamental research Silicon doping Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Prepare the path for Fusion DEMO Irradiation capabilities under the spallation target +10 cm 0 cm -30 cm Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA for fusion irradiations Estimated damage induced in DEMO and proposed irradiation conditions in IFMIF and MYRRHA-IMIFF Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Multipurpose facility Fuel research Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fission GEN IV 50 to 100 MWth ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) Waste Φth = 0.5 to 2.1015 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Radioisotopes Fusion High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time Fundamental research Silicon doping Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN ISOL@MYRRHA MYRRHA - Concept • thin refractory metal foils • carbide powders • liquid targets •surface ion source •ECR ion source •RILIS Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Beam-Splitting System (Concept) 600 MeV ~ 100 - 200 µA pulsed beam (up to 250 Hz) 600 - 800 MeV 2 - 4 mA CW Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Multipurpose facility Fuel research Φtot = 0.5 to 1.1015 n/cm².s Φ = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research ΦFast = 1 to 5.1014 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fission GEN IV 50 to 100 MWth ΦFast = ~1015 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) Waste 2.1015 n/cm².s Φth = 0.5 to (En<0.4 eV) Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications Radioisotopes Fusion High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time Fundamental research Silicon doping Φth = 0.1 to 1.1014 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Production of radioisotopes in MYRRHA thermal neutron flux-traps Core lay-out: In reflector positions Cooled by water In thermalized neutron field Transport by rabbit system Target plates in IPS: Positions also usable for testing of materials in thermal field! => Both are possible in MYRRHA: Testing of materials/fuels in fast (core) field Testing of materials/fuels in thermalized (peripheral) field Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN European Context ESFRI European Strategic Forum for Research Infrastructure Knowledge Economy Energy Independence SET Plan European Strategic Energy Plan 27.11.2010 Confirmed on ESFRI priority list projects 15.11.2010 in ESNII (SNETP goals) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Belgian commitment: secured International consortium: under construction 2nd phase (11 y) others 576 M€ Consortium Belgium 60 M€ (12 M€/y x 5 y) Belgium 324 M€ (36 M€/y x 9 y) Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN The project schedule 2010-2014 2015 Front End Tendering & Engineering Procurement Design 2016-2018 Construction of components & civil engineering 2019 On site assembly 2020-2022 2023 2024Commissioning Progressive Full start-up exploitation Minimise technological risks Secure the licensing Secure a sound management and investment structure PDP preliminary dismantling plan Central Project Team PSAR preliminary safety assesment Owner Consortium Group EIAR environmental impact assesment Owner Engineering Team FEED (Front End Engineering Design) 2010-2014 Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA international network Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN OPERATION PHASE International Members Consortium - Phase 2 «ERIC» (*) CLOSED/ SHARED INFORMATION for MoC OPEN INFORMATION SHARED INFORMATION for participants CLOSED INFORMATION for participants Members of Consortium ~25% - Individual research of a member of Consortium - Collaborative research amongst members of Consortium - 3 years program commitment Open User Facility BENEFITS for Members of Consortium • Board position to control overal operation • Priority of access • Potential benefit of low price (compensation profit from commercial revenues) • Capacity transfer flexibility (rules tbd) ~25% - Governments funding - Criteria of research excellence - Independant program access committee (PAC) ~25% Collaborative research - Distribution of information to participants Contract research….. Commercial services - RI - NTD Silicon ~25% SCK•CEN as qualified and licenced operator of the MYRRHA infrastructure under contractual arrangement with ERIC (*) European Research Infrastructure Consortium Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Conclusions MYRRHA As a Multipurpose Fast Spetrum irradiation facility selected by ESFRI, is responding to: The issue of addressing the nuclear waste legacy of present reactor technology through advance options (ADS, P&T) The SNETP need for a multipurpose research infrastructure expressed in its Strategic Research Agenda whatever the considered technology for Gen.IV systems The Objective of Belgium and SCK•CEN to maintain a high level expertise in the country in the nuclear safety, nuclear technology and nuclear competencies independently of the future of NE The objective of the European Commission to make available a series of relevant irradiations facilities for the fusion material research community towards the DEMO construction Secure society needs for RI for medical applications and DoppedSi for renewable Energy Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE) BR2 reactor (existing) Utilities buildings MYRRHA reactor building MYRRHA LINAC high energy tunnel ECR source & Injector Building Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN Copyright © 2013 - SCKCEN PLEASE NOTE! This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied, distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCK•CEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCK•CEN”. SCK•CEN Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Stichting van Openbaar Nut Fondation d'Utilité Publique Foundation of Public Utility Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL Copyright © 2012 SCK•CEN
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