Understanding user experience on mobile devices with the ICSI Netalyzr

Understanding user experience on mobile
devices with the ICSI Netalyzr
Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Srikanth Sundaresan, Christian Kreibich,
Nicholas Weaver and Vern Paxson!
ICSI-UC Berkeley!
!
Moritz Steiner !
Akamai
Project sponsored by:
Opinions are those of the presenter, and not of the funders
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Where I’m coming from
•
ICSI: International Computer Science Institute - Berkeley
•
PhD in Computer Science at the University of Cambridge (UK, 2013) in
collaboration with Telefonica Research. Research on mobile OSs and
cellular networks!
•
Member of ICSI-Networking and Security group since July 2013
•
More info:
•
Personal page: http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~narseo
•
Group page: http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/icsi/groups/networking
2
The Internet is becoming mobile
3
Where is the actual
bottleneck in mobile
networks?
4
End-to-end model?
Carte Figurative des Pertes Successives en hommes de l’Armée
Francaise dans la Campagne de Russie (1812-1813)
!
Charles Minard.1869
5
What is the cause of actual performance?
6
The ICSI Netalyzr for
Android
7
The ICSI Netalyzr Story
•
User-run tool to diagnose connectivity characteristics from
the edge of the Internet
•
Checks for behavioral anomalies, network properties and
security issues for everybody
•
Started in 2009 as a JAVA applet (1.4M sessions in 170
countries)
•
Native Android version since November 2013 (22K
installs in 120 countries)
•
Research outcome: IMC’10, FOCI’11, SATIN’11,
PAM’12/13, CONEXT’14
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Netalyzr for Android
RADIO TECHNOLOGY (CONTROL PLANE)!
IP CORE (USER PLANE)!
!
DNS RESOLVERS
HIDDEN PROXIES
NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND PEERING
SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE
TLS INTERCEPTION
IPV6 AND DNSSEC SUPPORT
NATs
DETAILED LATENCY TESTS
HANDSET HW AND MISCONFIGURATION!
!
APN CONFIGURATIONS
BUFFERS
CERTIFICATE ROOTSTORE
SYSTEM CLOCK
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The analysis: !
Looking beyond the radio link!
!
1.
Middleboxes deployment and behavior!
!
2.
IPv6 support!
!
3.
Layer 8: Infrastructure sharing and mobile
virtual network operators (MVNO)
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The IP core of cellular
networks
! PROXY!
!!
!! /Cache
!!
N!
A!
!
IP CORE
T
!
DNS !
Resolver
PDP Context !
(APN configuration)
UE
NODE B!
/ RNC
!
!
SGSN!
!
/S-GW
!
DATA PLANE
GGSN!
/P-GW
CONTROL PLANE
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INTERNET
The impact of network
topology
DNS Before CGN
DNS After CGN
3G
4G
0
70
140
210
280
Median DNS Lookup Time (ms)
Inappropriate network deploymentt, and the
presence of DNS proxies
can double DNS lookup time!
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Hidden proxies on cellular
networks
DNS Proxy
TCP:21 (FTP)
TCP:22 (SSH)
TCP:25 (SMTP)
TCP:80 (HTTP)
TCP:110 (POP3)
TCP:143 (IMAP)
TCP:443 (HTTPS)
TCP:587 (SMTP)
TCP:993 (TLS IMAP)
TCP:995 (TLS POP3)
TCP:1194 (VPN)
TCP:1723 (PPTP VPN)
TCP:5060 (SIP)
TCP:6881 (TORRENT)
TCP:9001 (TOR)
Worldwide
USA
0
20
40
60
Percentage of operators
80
What are HTTP proxies
actually doing?
Header
modification
Content
modification
Header (*)
forwarding
Worldwide
USA
HTTP header enforcement
Non-HTTP traffic filters
0
17.5
35
52.5
Percentage of operators
70
Questions for you …
•
11% of sessions on IPv6. It requires handset and network
support (APN settings)
•
Only 9 operators* in 6 countries: US, Canada, Poland, Italy,
Australia, and Sweden
•
No significant latency difference with IPv4 observed yet
!
!
!
!
How is IPv6 transition done in practice
and what issues does it cause?
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… but whose IP core?
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Layer 8
•
Mobile network operators (MNO) vs. virtual mobile
network operators (MVNO)
•
Infrastructure sharing between MNOs:
•
Reduce deployment costs
•
Roaming implementations: Home routed vs. Local
Breakout
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A partial view of US cellular
networks as seen by Netalyzr
FAMILY
MOBILE
GO SMART
WDSPCo
SIMPLE
MOBILE
VERIZON
T-MOBILE
METRO
PCS
STRAIGHT
TALK
AT&T
Hosted
Data
Solutions
SPRINT
BOOST
TRACFONE
VIRGIN
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REPUBLIC
Heterogeneous network properties!
Operator 1 (3G)
Operator 2 (3G)
Invalid Host Field
DNS Proxy
Header/Content
Modification
HTTP Enforcement
0
25
50
75
100
Percentage of sessions
0
25
50
75
Percentage of sessions
Home Network
Roaming
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100
Lessons learnt
•
Measuring mobile performance is a difficult
multidimensional analysis
•
Network properties, and services are not
homogeneous even within a single operator
•
Middleboxes can affect performance and bias serverside performance measurements: measure from the
edge for fidelity
•
Layer 8 must be taken into account: roaming
implementations and types of MVNO define the IP core
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Future Work
•
Characterize mobile ecosystem (MNO and MVNO) at
a global-scale
•
Get better insight on business relationships and
network sharing agreements
•
Characterization of IP core: location of DNS resolvers
and proxies and their implications
•
IPv6 - IPv4 performance
•
Impact of mobile infrastructure on CDN performance
and cloud services
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Try Netalyzr and tell us
what you’d like to know
about your network!
[email protected]
!
[email protected]
http://www.netalyzr.icsi.berkely.edu/publications
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