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Power-GEN Middle East
E-class to F-class and beyond: an enabler for
improved customer economics
Jeffrey Goldmeer, Ph.D.
Abu Dhabi, UAE | 12-14, October 2014
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
GE Power & Water
© 2014, General Electric Company.
GE Proprietary Information - The information contained in this document is
General Electric Company (GE) proprietary information. It is the property of GE
and shall not be used, disclosed to others or reproduced without the express
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reproduction in whole or in part. The information contained in this document may
also be controlled by the US export control laws. Unauthorized export or reexport is prohibited.
All relative statements are with respect to GE technology unless otherwise noted.
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© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Outline
• Middle East power generation paradigm shift
• GE fuel flex experience
• E and F-class expanded fuel flex capabilities
• Summary
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Middle East power
generation paradigm shift
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Paradigm shift
• Middle East governments are
becoming more focused on
enhancing the value from their
domestic fossil fuel resources
• This is creating a shift to more
efficient power generation
• In the case of gas turbines, this
shift is evident in the transition
from E to F-class gas turbines
• Consequently, F-class turbines
may be required to operate on a
wider variety of fuels
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© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Example: Saudi Arabia power generation shift
Fuels
Power plants
Past
Present
Future
Steam boiler
power plants
E-class simple
cycle power
plants
F-class
combined cycle
power plants
F (and potentially HA)
class combined cycle
power plants
Heavy fuel oil,
crude oils
Crude oil,
distillate
Natural gas,
distillate
Natural gas,¹
crude oils
¹ Both associated and
non-associated gas
The shift to natural gas along with a parallel effort to increase energy efficiency
has led to a shift in power generation technology
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GE fuel flex experience
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Proven DLN combustion systems
• 28 million fired hours on GE’s
DLN1/1+ combustion systems on B
and E-class gas turbines
• 46 million fired hours on GE’s Fclass DLN2.X combustion systems,
which includes the DLN2.6 and
DLN2.6+ combustors
• 200,000 fired hours on GE’s H-class
DLN2.5 combustion system
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Proven gas turbine fuel flexibility
World-leading experience on a wide range of gas and liquid fuels
• Liquid fuels: distillate oil, light
distillates (i.e., naphtha), and ashbearing fuels (i.e., crude oil, heavy
fuel oil and residual oil)
Number of gas turbines
• Gaseous fuels: natural gas, LNG,
and a wide range of process and
low calorific value fuels
Primary fuel distribution
GE’s heavy-duty gas turbines have accumulated more than
10 million operating hours on liquid and non-natural gas fuels
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© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
State of the art combustion test facility
A key to developing advanced technology
• Lab capabilities:
− Full pressure, temperature, and flow
− Fuel blending capability for H2, N2, CO,
CO2, H2O, and a variety of nonmethane hydrocarbons
− Monitoring emissions and operability
characteristics at full load & part load
conditions
− Full scale combustion tests allow
evaluation of new combustion
concepts, and technologies being
transferred from one platform to
another, over a wide range of
operating conditions
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
E-Class Expanded
Capabilities
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Customers continue to use highly reliable E-class gas
turbines to support reduced emissions and increased
fuel flexibility
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Evolution of E-class emissions
NO x (tons) / MW-year
42 PPM
15 PPM
Water Injected
5 PPM
DLN fleet experience
DLN1
Frame
DLN1 & DLN1+
6B.03
7E.03
9E
225+
440+
200+
‘90
‘95
4 PPM
DLN1+
‘00
‘06
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
‘08
Increased fuel flexibility for B and E-class gas
turbines
Supporting refinery, petrochemical and shale gas applications
• New fuel flex capabilities
demonstrated using GE’s full
scale combustion test facility in
Greenville, SC
− 10 full scale test cells
− Full flow, temperature and pressure
− Enhanced gas blending capability,
including: H2, C2H6, C3H8, etc.
• Expanded DLN fuel capabilities
reflect needs for operability on a
wider range of non-methane
hydrocarbons
Fuel components
Hydrogen (H2)
Ethane (C2H6)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Propane (C3H8)
Propylene (C3H6)
Butane (C4H10)
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
F-Class Expanded
Capabilities
• Expanded higher hydrocarbon limits
• Arabian Super Light crude oil
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Evolution of DNL combustion technology
DLN2.6+
DLN2
DLN1
Expanding non-methane hydrocarbon fuel
limits
• Relying on learnings from E-class
combustion systems through field
experience and combustion testing
• Increasing the allowed levels of nonmethane species in gas fuels in F-class DLN
combustion systems
• Pushing the allowable Modified Wobbe
Index* range from ~20% up to ~30% based
on specific frame and required emissions this increase can support a variety of fuel
applications, including increased ethane
content (i.e., shale gas), switching between
NG and LNG sources, etc.
* Modified Wobbe Index = Lower Heating Value/√(specific gravity of the fuel∗ fuel temperature)
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Example: Response to shale gas transients
Gas heating value
variability
Heating value
(Btu/SCF)
1,150
~70 Btu/SCF
(~7% MWI)
change in
~30 min
By adjusting GT operating parameters, the OpFlex*
AutoTune system maintained stable gas turbines
output
1,000
~90 Btu/SCF
(~9% MWI)
change in
~45 min
*Trademark of General Electric Company.
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
New F-class fuel flex capability
Arabian Super Light (ASL) crude oil operation in a DLN combustor
• Changing power generation fuel
requirements in Saudi Arabia are
shifting back-up fuels from distillate
oil to crude oils
• In support of this initiative GE
evaluated the potential of using ASL
crude oil in a F-class DLN combustor
Distillate
oil #2
• The evaluation process included a
number of steps:
• Fuel characterization
• Ignition studies
• Combustor operability
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
ASL
crude oil
Gas turbine operation on ASL
• A field test was successfully performed on a 7F.04 gas turbine in
Saudi Arabia
• Commissioning of ASL was completed successfully at PP11
Based on the successful results of this evaluation process, GE offered ASL
as a back-up fuel for multiple projects in Saudi Arabia. GE will have more
than 25 7F gas turbines in Saudi Arabia capable of operating on ASL.
Summary
• GE’s combustion test facility enables
evaluation of almost any fuel
composition at full-scale conditions.
• This enables GE’s heavy-duty gas
turbines to have industry leading fuel
flex capabilities.
• Combining GE’s extensive DLN field
experience with state-of-the–art
combustion test capabilities allows
GE gas turbines to have industry
leading performance with lower
emissions, and better operability over
a wide range conditions
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.