Power-GEN Middle East
E-class to F-class and beyond: an enabler for
improved customer economics
Jeffrey Goldmeer, Ph.D.
Abu Dhabi, UAE | 12-14, October 2014
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
GE Power & Water
© 2014, General Electric Company.
GE Proprietary Information - The information contained in this document is
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All relative statements are with respect to GE technology unless otherwise noted.
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Outline
• Middle East power generation paradigm shift
• GE fuel flex experience
• E and F-class expanded fuel flex capabilities
• Summary
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Middle East power
generation paradigm shift
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Paradigm shift
• Middle East governments are
becoming more focused on
enhancing the value from their
domestic fossil fuel resources
• This is creating a shift to more
efficient power generation
• In the case of gas turbines, this
shift is evident in the transition
from E to F-class gas turbines
• Consequently, F-class turbines
may be required to operate on a
wider variety of fuels
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Example: Saudi Arabia power generation shift
Fuels
Power plants
Past
Present
Future
Steam boiler
power plants
E-class simple
cycle power
plants
F-class
combined cycle
power plants
F (and potentially HA)
class combined cycle
power plants
Heavy fuel oil,
crude oils
Crude oil,
distillate
Natural gas,
distillate
Natural gas,¹
crude oils
¹ Both associated and
non-associated gas
The shift to natural gas along with a parallel effort to increase energy efficiency
has led to a shift in power generation technology
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GE fuel flex experience
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Proven DLN combustion systems
• 28 million fired hours on GE’s
DLN1/1+ combustion systems on B
and E-class gas turbines
• 46 million fired hours on GE’s Fclass DLN2.X combustion systems,
which includes the DLN2.6 and
DLN2.6+ combustors
• 200,000 fired hours on GE’s H-class
DLN2.5 combustion system
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
Proven gas turbine fuel flexibility
World-leading experience on a wide range of gas and liquid fuels
• Liquid fuels: distillate oil, light
distillates (i.e., naphtha), and ashbearing fuels (i.e., crude oil, heavy
fuel oil and residual oil)
Number of gas turbines
• Gaseous fuels: natural gas, LNG,
and a wide range of process and
low calorific value fuels
Primary fuel distribution
GE’s heavy-duty gas turbines have accumulated more than
10 million operating hours on liquid and non-natural gas fuels
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State of the art combustion test facility
A key to developing advanced technology
• Lab capabilities:
− Full pressure, temperature, and flow
− Fuel blending capability for H2, N2, CO,
CO2, H2O, and a variety of nonmethane hydrocarbons
− Monitoring emissions and operability
characteristics at full load & part load
conditions
− Full scale combustion tests allow
evaluation of new combustion
concepts, and technologies being
transferred from one platform to
another, over a wide range of
operating conditions
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
E-Class Expanded
Capabilities
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Customers continue to use highly reliable E-class gas
turbines to support reduced emissions and increased
fuel flexibility
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Evolution of E-class emissions
NO x (tons) / MW-year
42 PPM
15 PPM
Water Injected
5 PPM
DLN fleet experience
DLN1
Frame
DLN1 & DLN1+
6B.03
7E.03
9E
225+
440+
200+
‘90
‘95
4 PPM
DLN1+
‘00
‘06
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
‘08
Increased fuel flexibility for B and E-class gas
turbines
Supporting refinery, petrochemical and shale gas applications
• New fuel flex capabilities
demonstrated using GE’s full
scale combustion test facility in
Greenville, SC
− 10 full scale test cells
− Full flow, temperature and pressure
− Enhanced gas blending capability,
including: H2, C2H6, C3H8, etc.
• Expanded DLN fuel capabilities
reflect needs for operability on a
wider range of non-methane
hydrocarbons
Fuel components
Hydrogen (H2)
Ethane (C2H6)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Propane (C3H8)
Propylene (C3H6)
Butane (C4H10)
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F-Class Expanded
Capabilities
• Expanded higher hydrocarbon limits
• Arabian Super Light crude oil
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Evolution of DNL combustion technology
DLN2.6+
DLN2
DLN1
Expanding non-methane hydrocarbon fuel
limits
• Relying on learnings from E-class
combustion systems through field
experience and combustion testing
• Increasing the allowed levels of nonmethane species in gas fuels in F-class DLN
combustion systems
• Pushing the allowable Modified Wobbe
Index* range from ~20% up to ~30% based
on specific frame and required emissions this increase can support a variety of fuel
applications, including increased ethane
content (i.e., shale gas), switching between
NG and LNG sources, etc.
* Modified Wobbe Index = Lower Heating Value/√(specific gravity of the fuel∗ fuel temperature)
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Example: Response to shale gas transients
Gas heating value
variability
Heating value
(Btu/SCF)
1,150
~70 Btu/SCF
(~7% MWI)
change in
~30 min
By adjusting GT operating parameters, the OpFlex*
AutoTune system maintained stable gas turbines
output
1,000
~90 Btu/SCF
(~9% MWI)
change in
~45 min
*Trademark of General Electric Company.
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
New F-class fuel flex capability
Arabian Super Light (ASL) crude oil operation in a DLN combustor
• Changing power generation fuel
requirements in Saudi Arabia are
shifting back-up fuels from distillate
oil to crude oils
• In support of this initiative GE
evaluated the potential of using ASL
crude oil in a F-class DLN combustor
Distillate
oil #2
• The evaluation process included a
number of steps:
• Fuel characterization
• Ignition studies
• Combustor operability
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ASL
crude oil
Gas turbine operation on ASL
• A field test was successfully performed on a 7F.04 gas turbine in
Saudi Arabia
• Commissioning of ASL was completed successfully at PP11
Based on the successful results of this evaluation process, GE offered ASL
as a back-up fuel for multiple projects in Saudi Arabia. GE will have more
than 25 7F gas turbines in Saudi Arabia capable of operating on ASL.
Summary
• GE’s combustion test facility enables
evaluation of almost any fuel
composition at full-scale conditions.
• This enables GE’s heavy-duty gas
turbines to have industry leading fuel
flex capabilities.
• Combining GE’s extensive DLN field
experience with state-of-the–art
combustion test capabilities allows
GE gas turbines to have industry
leading performance with lower
emissions, and better operability over
a wide range conditions
© 2014, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.