1. business and industrial
2. manufacturing

National Meat Workshopp
Legislation: Meat and Meat Products Trade and
Marketing
Dr. Kerapetse Sehularo
Department of Veterinary Services (Botswana)
17 – 18 November, NFTRC, Kanye
Presentation outline
i.
ii
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii
vii.
viii.
Introduction
Le islati e Frame
Legislative
Framework
rk
Legislative Framework: Principles and Objectives
Current Situation
Challenges
g
Action Taken and Proposed Solutions
Recommendations
Conclusion
i. Introduction
a.
GDP – Agriculture 3% after mining and tourism industry, Livestock sector
80% of Agriculture GDP.
b.
Livestock industry is the mainstay of the rural economy.
c.
LLivestockk population
l
– 2.5
2 5 million
ll
cattle,
l 580 000 goats, 160 000 sheep,
h
4
300 pigs and self sufficient in poultry products.
d.
Botswana – a meat consuming nation.
e.
Botswana has successfullyy maintained access to the stringent
g
and
lucrative Norwegian and EU markets.
f.
A large proportion of meat consumed domestically is uninspected – the
situation improving since implementation of the Livestock and Meat
Industries Act, 2007 in 2008.
ii. Legislative Framework
a.
Shared responsibilities between different government agencies
b.
Livestock and Meat Industries Act, 2007 (Primary Legislation) – MoA
c.
Diseases of Animal Act, 1977 – MoA
d
d.
F d Control
Food
C t l Act,
A t 1993 – MoH
M H andd MoLG.
M LG
e.
Public Health Act, 1971 (under review) – MoH and MoLG
f.f
Local government (District Council) Act
Act, 1965 – MoLG
g.
Townships Act, 1955 – MoLG
h.
Trade Act – MoLG
i.
European Union Food Law - MoA
j.
RSA Meat Safety Act (Act No. 40 of 2000) – MoA
k.
Other Trading Partners requirements - MoA
iii. Legislative Framework –
Principles and Objectives
a.
FBO – responsible for the safety of the meat and meat products.
b.
Regulatory and Competent authorities responsible for the
enforcement and verification of compliance with the requirements.
c.
Meat safety – food production continuum.
d.
Cold chain maintenance.
e.
HACCP system and related procedures, GHP are paramount to
meat safety assurance.
f.
Livestock and product traceability system.
g.
WTO Obligations
Obli i
– CAC/RCP 1-1969,
1 1969 R
Rev, 4-2003).
4 2003)
The overall objective of any food safety legislation is
the protection of the health of consumers.
iv. Current Situation
a.
Livestock and Meat Industries Act, 2007 ((Primaryy Legislation).
g
)
History - Prior to the Re-Enactment of the Act, fragmentation.
¾
Slaughter - of domestic livestock, farmed and wild game and poultry for human
consumption, the control and operation of abattoirs, slaughter slabs, cold storage
facilities, meat processing plants, cutting premises, canning plants and marketing,
grading and inspection of livestock, livestock products and other related matters.
¾
No person shall operate an abattoir unless registered with DVS.
¾
Registration and Licensing, enforcement and verification of compliance with
requirements by DVS.
¾
Penalties for operating unregistered abattoir – P6 000.00 or max. 3 months
imprisonment or both or imprisonment without option of the fine, continuous
offence, a max. of P2000.00, for every day during which the offence continues.
¾
Penalties for contravening the provisions of the Regulations – P1000.00 or
imprisonment max. 3 months, P500.00 each day continuing offence, P2000.00 or
max. 6 months for a second or subsequent offence, cancellation or suspension of
the license on conviction.
iv. Current Situation cont....
¾
Scope – Primary production to meat dispatch.
¾
Diseases of Animals Act, 1977 – SRM and Traceability system
¾
Trading partners requirements.
b. Meat Safety
f y System:
y
¾
Animal movement permit system – Ante-Mortem
¾
P h lth check
Pre-health
h k att abattoirs.
b tt i
¾
Ante- and post-mortem inspections.
¾
Cold chain maintenance.
¾
Hygiene monitoring.
¾
Product testing and residue monitoring.
¾
Verification of compliance – requirements,
requirements HACCP and its related
procedures.
¾
Product certification.
iv. Current Situation cont....
c.
¾
Infrastructure:
Licensed red meat premises
Abattoirs Slabs
Municipal
Export
Comments
13
9
3
Most municipal abattoirs are in the
Central District Council
¾
46
Poultry Premises
Total
22
¾
Cat. D2
4
Cat. D1
1
Cat. C
9
Cat. B
Cat. A
6
2
Laboratory:
Two main laboratories – National Veterinary Laboratory and Food
Control Unit Laboratory
d.
Meat Inspectorate Personnel – Headed by a Deputy Director of
Veterinary Services
¾
9 Veterinarians and
¾
94 Meat inspectors (43 at non-export establishments)
v. Challenges
a.
Success at export establishments, in particular BMC.
b. Challenges at non
non-export
export meat establishments.
¾
Almost all non-compliant.
¾
Many slaughter slabs – inspection service delivery constrained.
¾
Inadequate investment to assure meat safety.
¾
Inadequate
q
meat inspectorate
p
staff.
¾
Inadequate transport.
¾
Untrained and unskilled personnel at meat premises.
¾
O l i llegislation.
Overlapping
i l ti
¾
Legislation not in line with international standards.
¾
Fragmented food safety control system
vi. Action taken and Proposed solutions
a.
Rationalisation of personnel and responsibilities at export abattoirs.
b.
Temporary licensing of existing meat estalishments.
c.
Training of more meat inspectors and extension agents.
d.
Provision of mobile meat inspection service.
e.
Consultative workshops.
p
f.
Private investment.
g.
More municipal abattoirs in areas where it is not economically viable for
pprivate investors.
h.
Collaboration with village development authorities - provision of proper
slaughter slabs.
i.i
Review of the meat safety legislation in line with international standards.
standards
j.
Harmonisation of the meat safety legislation.
k.
Adoption of an integrated approach to meat safety – food production
continuum.
continuum
l.
Adoption of HACCP system and its related procedure.
vii. Recommendations
a.
Formulation and implementation of a national food safety
policy.
b.
Development of a harmonised food safety management
system.
a.
Coordinated food safety management responsibilities or
a development of a single food safety authority.
a.
Integrated multidisciplinary approach to food safety
management through the concept of food production
continuum.
viii. Conclusion
a.
Safe, wholesome and unadulterated meat and meat products – consumer’s
right.
b.
Integrated multidisciplinary approach – will improve food safety.
c.
Development and implementation of food safety policy supported by a
prerequisite
i i ffor efficient
ffi i
and
d effective
ff i ffood
d safety
f
management system
supported by necessary legislative framework, controls, procedures, facilities,
equipment, laboratories, transportation, communication, personnel and
training.
g
d.
FBO responsible for the safety of the product.
e.
Regulatory agency responsible for enforcement of legislation and verification
of compliance.
f.
Stakeholder participation in the implementation of the Livestock and Meat
Industries Act, 2007 will go a long way in achieving meat and meat product
safety.
Ke a leboga
Thank you
y
Factors affecting the production and marketing of poultry and other white
meat products in Botswana.
Factors that affect the production of white meat start from a reliable source of the day old
chick, the day old must be healthy and vigorous at receipt.
It should be a minimum of 40 grams at hatching, the egg from which the day old is hatched
should have come from a parent stock that has been adequately vaccinated to ensure that
the chick has sufficient maternal antibody to protect it from the two major diseases which
are endemic in Botswana namely Gumboro and Newcastle diseases. The parents stock
must as well be free of Mycoplasma.
The day old chick must be housed in suitable housing protecting it from the elements, rain,
wind, sun and be given sufficient floor space to enable it to move freely to water and feed.
Temperature needs to be controlled as day old cannot regulate their own temperature until
Feed which is the major cost in broiler production must be freely available and fed ad lib
throughout the life of the bird. The feed quality must be such that the bird will grow according
to the breed standard and convert the feed to meat at the correct feed conversion rate,
hence the first requirement of the feed is that it be palatable and contain all required amino
acids, vitamins and minerals in the correct proportions to enable the bird to grow to it, full
potential. Feed must be salmonella free.
Water is as equally important as feed and again must be freely available at all times.
Water quality like the feed must be of a good quality, to ensure that the birds will readily
drink, water containing a high concentration of salt, or be tainted will reduce the water intake,
if the water intake is reduced the feed intake is also reduced. On average a bird will drink
twice the volume of water to feed (2 to 1).
During the life of the bird it must be vaccinated on order to protect it from the chicken
disease prevalent in Botswana, these vaccines are sensitive to misuse and unless
administered correctly will not give the birds the necessary protection.
We continue to raise the bird by monitoring it environment ( protection from wind , providing
heating where necessary and ensuring the bird id raised on suitable bedding). At
approximately 35 days of age, the bird should weigh approx 1.7 kilogram and is ready to be
slaughtered.
The live birds are examined by the Meat Inspector prior to it going to the plant for
processing.
The bird is caught and transported with due care and attention that it arrives at the abattoir
plant in the best possible condition to be slaughtered, the birds must arrive alive and not be
bruised by the catching team or any handler prior to being bled. All bruised meat is
automatically condemned.
On arrival at the plant the live birds are examined by a Meat inspector and if passed as
healthy, are passed through a stunner (which renders it unconscious) after which the
stunned bird has its throat cut and allowed to bleed to death.
The removal of the feathers is done by first scalding the carcass and the using a plucking
machine, after which the body cavity is, opened the and the guts etc removed, all edible
offal’s are retrieved and the none edible parts discarded. The eviscerate is again inspected
by the meat inspector at this point especially the liver for any sign of disease , if the carcass
is found unsuitable it will be condemned in full or in part. Note all condemned meat must be
destroyed in a manner that ensures that it cannot enter the food chain (NOT AVAILABLE
FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.)
The carcass is ready to be further processed or not, it may simply be packaged as a whole
bird or cut into pieces to create portions i.e. drum stick, wings, breast, thighs, or packaged as
a 2 kg INDIVIDUALLY QUICK FROZEN product. The cut packaged product is put into
refrigeration as soon as possible usually and minus 25 degree Celsius, and frozen
Except some products are supplied and delivered to the shops as a ‘fresh’ product. I.e. has
not been frozen only chilled to approx 0 degree centigrade prior to despatch
The goods are transported in refrigerated or covered trucks and if transported over 100
kilometres, the truck must be fitted with a refrigeration unit in order to maintain the cold
chain.
The slaughter process is subject to the conditions as set out in the “MEAT INDUSTRIES
ACT” and supervised by the Meat INSPECTORS APPOINTED BY THE Ministry of
Agriculture, who monitor all aspects of the process including the health status of the staff,
their protective clothing and the sanitary arrangements in the showers and toilets. The plant
is kept very clean! That will ensure that the product sold does not have a high bacteria
count (e.coli or salmonella) which may cause illness to the consumer.
The product must confirm in every way to the packaging and labelling regulation, the
packaging must indicate the sell by date.
Marketing of the finished product.
Marketing of the product is difficult and takes a lot of time, but the first requirement is a clean
well packaged product, that is available continually. Once having gotten a customer it is
imperative that you keep him whilst you whilst you go out and find another.
Regrettably small producers usually find it very difficult to break in to the bigger markets
such as Choppies and Spar, because of quality, price and continuity of supply.
PRESENTATION PAPER – NATIONAL MEAT WORKSHOP
FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF
PIGGERY PRODUCTS IN BOTSWANA – FARMERS
PERSPECTIVE
PREPARED BY:
BY SIMON MAHOSI
(SECRETARY: BOTSWANA PORK PRODUCERS
ASSOCIATION)
E
E-mail
il address:
dd
[email protected]
i
h i@ h
Mobile: 72474730
1
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF PIGGERY PRODUCTS IN BOTSWANA – FARMERS PERSPECTIVE” INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Piggery has been defined by many researchers as an industry in an infancy stage, characterised by the following peculiarities:
1. Unorganised and fragmented producers/farmers
2. Low local production volumes
Low local production volumes– imports reliant
imports reliant
3. Using traditional methods of production and technologies
4. Insignificant contribution to:
a) The agricultural sector
b) The national economy
c)) Employment creation
E l
t
ti
2
FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTION
An analysis of the factors affecting production in the piggery subsector will be done against the background of the subsector characteristics listed in the introduction above.
In an attempt to further assist the understanding of the problems encountered in
In an attempt to further assist the understanding of the problems encountered in piggery, we will categorise the problem fields under the following headings: a)
Subsector Internal factors, b)
Support systems factors and
c))
E
lF
External Factors
3
SUBSECTOR INTERNAL FACTORS
1 U
1.
Unorganised farmers
i d f
a) No norms, no regulations
b) No transparency ‐ exploitation
y
y
c)) Everybody for himself
d) Dog eat dog situation
e) No communication
2 Low local production Volumes
2.
a) Operating below BEP (farms going bust)
b) Quality compromised
c) Inability to meet supply obligations
3.
Outdated, traditional production methods and technologies
a) Further drop in production levels
b) Inability
to meet quality standards
Inability to meet quality standards
c) Relegated to subsistence farming
4
SUBSECTOR INTERNAL FACTORS ­ Continued
4.
Insignificant contribution to the agricultural sector, the economy and employment creation
a)
Not qualify for programs supporting other subsectors
b)
Have no voice even on issues that concern the subsector
c))
L
Loose personnel to other subsectors
l
h
b
5
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
1. No organised stakeholders forum
a))
U f i t di
Unfair trading practices
ti
b)
Counter productive decisions/programs
c))
Subsector critical issues overlooked
6
SUBSECTOR EXTERNAL FACTORS
1. Lack of developed Infrastructure
a) No Water Supply (except in Kgatleng)
b) No abattoirs
No abattoirs
c) No programmed (coordinated) Technical support 2. Lack of Essential Inputs
a) Main feed ingredient (yellow maize) imported
b) Subsidized Medication “Stolen” by retailers
b d d
d
“ l ”b
l
c) Prohibitive permit requirements on feed imports
d) Locally available feed expensive
e) Subsector feed not available at LACs
f) Acutely Limited genetic pool
g) Prohibitive permit requirements on livestock imports
7
FACTORS AFFECTING MARKETING
As with production inhibiting factors, it is also important to view the factors affecting the marketing of pork products in our country in the context of the nature, size and location of the market in which such products are to be sold
size and location of the market in which such products are to be sold.
FACTORS EMANATING FROM THE NATURE OF THE MARKET
The market for pork products is composed of:
a)
Pork products Processors,
a)
Hypermarkets,
b)
Butcheries,
c)
Restaurants and
d)
Hotels.
8
FACTORS AFFECTING MARKETING
FACTORS EMANATING FROM THE NATURE OF THE MARKET
(Continued)
Most Hypermarkets are chain stores than belong to one company, so although the
outlets can be 15,, in reality
y y
you have 3 companies
p
operating
p
g those 15 stores.
Another fact is that almost all these chain stores are foreign companies and are run
by foreign managers.
This scenario portrays an unorganised market with a few players controlling large
volumes of orders
orders. It is indeed a very sensitive and fragile
9
Market features which tend to inhibit the marketing of locally produced
piggery subsector products:
1.
Preference of imports over locally produced products by managers
p
yp
p
y
g
2.
Impossible demands on supply terms
3.
Exploitative trading practices:
a)
different price rates for different farmers
b)
late payment (14 – 60 days)
c)
3% deduction for fresh carcasses
3% deduction for fresh carcasses
d)
Carcasses without heads if bought from “A”; with heads if bought from “B”.
10
Market features which inhibit the marketing of locally produced
piggery subsector products:
1. The status quo benefits from chaos and does not support supply contracts programs.
2. Government support programs such as “The Youth Grand” bring into the industry, farmers who can sell at any price and then close shop as they have nothing to loose
nothing to loose.
3. Disease outbreaks such “food and mouth” and swine flu were used as an excuse to cut the price paid to farmers
11
Market Size related factors that inhibit the marketing of locally
produced piggery subsector products:
1. Although statistics reveal a large, undersupplied market, decisions by one or
two distributors can have an enormous contraction effect on the market ; as it is
concentrated in the hands of a few distributors. (Desperate farmers dump their
products for peanuts)
2. Demand for special cuts and certain pork products is very high and distributors
seem to have reserved this market niche for foreign suppliers. (Individual
farmers are not able to supply huge volumes needed for the production of these
cuts/products)
12
Location Factors:
1.
Long distances from (>50km) from the market
2
2.
Long distances from (>50km) from the source of inputs
Long distances from (>50km) from the source of inputs
3.
In close proximity to a competing world class giant (South Africa)
4.
Location with no readily available skilled manpower
5.
Where markets are influenced by religious beliefs (Halaal)
6.
Potential markets in far away places like Ghanzi and Maun too far to service.
13
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we would like to make recommendations to the following stakeholders:
a) Government,
b) Distributors c) Farmers
14
RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNMENT
1. Assist the industry with the construction of an abattoir that will also function as the
central market for pork products.
products
2. LAC’s should stock feed and medication for the piggery subsector.
3. The breeding Centre in Sebele should liaise with Botswana Pork Producers
Association to find better ways of distributing the breeding stock to the farmers. The
current auctioning system is counter productive.
4. The mentoring aspect should be central to the Youth Fund Program to ensure
projects’ success and sustainability. Currently the projects collapse as soon as the
funds dry
dry‐up
up after the youngsters have dumped their products into the market at
ridiculously prices. This practice is killing the market.
5. Veterinarian officers in the districts should have a clear schedule of how and when
they assist farmers in their regions and not just to go to the farmers to collect
statistics about the livestock.
15
RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISTRIBUTORS
1. Distributors should be part of joint stakeholders forum composed of farmers,
distributors and government, which should set binding ethics, rules and regulations
for the subsector.
subsector
2. Distributors should give farmers a fair price for their products.
3. Distributors should share the costs of slaughtering and distribution of pork
carcasses from the abattoir to their premises (Senn Foods has proofed that this can
work).
4. Distributors
b
should
h ld pay farmers
f
within
h the
h shortest
h
possible
bl time (Senn
(
Foods
d is
successfully paying farmers with cash cheques).
16
RECOMMENDATIONS TO FARMERS
1. Farmers should organise themselves into AMA’s at the regional and these (AMA’s)
(AMA
s) should draw up:‐
should draw up:
a)
Joint production plans
b)
Joint inputs procurement plans
c)
Joint marketing plans and d)
Joint personnel and technologies development programs
2. The farmers should form district associations to coordinate the regional AMA’s.
3. The national association, “Botswana Pork Producers Association” should
coordinate the district associations to reinforce strategies drawn up at the farms
by the farmers. The current Top to bottom approach has been the cause of
failures of all the previous BPPA executive committees
17