Unique air-to-air
airAC LatentHeatPump
Finland 03 / 09 / 2012
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Both the conventional air-conditioners and ACVIO´s airAC
LatetnHeatPump (LHP) takes advantage of evaporation and
condensing ie. latent heat.
Intead of airAC-LHP does not need refrigerant, a compressor
nor piping, therefore its performance is much more higher.
And it includes ventilation halving energy costs and down-sizing
the capacity of heating and cooling units.
And its cells are self-cleaning ensuring the best possible indoor
air quality IAQ.
In Europe ERVs are compulsary and in facto the best
perfromance ERV improve the value of a building because
energy sertifications.
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Vapor contains a staggering amount of energy.
Warm air can absorb more vapor than cool air.
Heat transfers
always from warm
to cool by:
-Conduction
-Convection
-Radiation
-40
kJ/mol
+40
kJ/mol
-Dew point
-Condensation
releases
same amount
of heat
40 kJ/mol
is lost energy
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latent heat
All phase changes
•
take place at a specific temperature.
•
take place without a change in temperature. (There is no
temperature change during a phase change.)
•
involve changes in internal potential energy.
•
release or absorb latent heat.
Endothermic phase changes absorb heat from the environment.
• They are cooling processes.
Exothermic phase changes release heat to the environment.
• They are warming processes.
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types of latent heat
airAC
conventional AC
solid-liquid
liquid-gas
solid-gas
latent heat of …
fusion
vaporization
sublimation
endothermic
phase changes
melting, liquefaction
boiling, evaporation,
vaporization
sublimation
exothermic
phase changes
crystallization, freezing, fusion,
solidification
condensation,
liquefaction
deposition
temperature
melting point, freezing point
boiling point, dew point
sublimation point,
frost point
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Conventional AC process
Conventional electric (absorption also) airsource heat pumps take advantage of latent
heat of vaporization of refrigerant through
piping. Evaporation takes place in an
evaporator (indoor unit) and condensation in
a condenser (outdoor unit). Additional
energy is used in a compressor. The indoor
air circulates through evaporator and cools
without ventilation, and the outdoor air
circulates through condenser. An average
COP is 3.0. It does not ventilate.
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Conventional AC problems
A separate
ventilator is
needed, which
doubles energy
use - if no energy
recovery.
Q2 = Q1 + W(+Q3 )
COP = Q1 / W
Q3
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Average COP ~3.0.
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Compressor uses a lot of
electricity and wastes heat energy
Which is wasted into the
ambient air via condenser
More cooling is needed to cool
this additional heat load
Compressor is noisy
In winter, frosting is a problem
The evaporator accumulates
bacteria and mold, causing odors,
allergic reactions and illness
The piping is not leak proof
Regular maintenance is needed
Device contains hazardous gases
and refrigerants
Short lifecycle (normally 10 years)
High input power hampers to use
of solar energy
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Conventional AC
No ventilation.
• Inside air is cooled by phase change, i.e. evaporation.
• In a compressor used electricity is partly wasted
into the ambient
• Causes in summer the peak use of electricity.
• Does not reduce peak use of electricity in winter.
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airAC - Energy/Enthalpy Recovery Ventilators
Product comparison
airAC-LHP
Reversible
T teor. eff. %
Year Round eff. %
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yes
100
>80
Cross Flow
no
50
0-20 (Fin) – 30
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Rotary Wheel
partly
ca. 80
<60
moves warm air to cool
air and vice versa
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airAC comparison
Parameter
Cross-flow
Rotating Wheel
airAC-LHP
No
Whole wheel, all the time
Only light valve, 2-4%
time
No
Significant (4…10%)
Negligible
Needed
Needed
Automatic
Sensible only
Sensible; latent*
Sensible, latent**
No drain
Needed often
Needed regularly
No
4…5
4…7
20
0%***; 20…60%
20*…73%
60…105%
Strong
formation
Medium formation
No formation/
Self-cleaning
1000…2500€
2000…2500€
2500€
1 per 1...2
months
At least 2 times/year
Every 2-3 years
Rotation
Crosscontamination
Defrosting in winter
Heat recovery mode
Media cleaning
Heat factor (HECOP)
Thermal efficiency
Formation of germs,
bacteria, mold, etc…
Price (in Finland,
excl. VAT)
Maintenance
*hygroscopic**standard***winter
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airAC test result Abu Dhabi
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airAC-LHP test Japan
airAC-LHP 300.1 tests results
• Apparent heat exchange efficiency evaluated by JIS method:
(Xfresh - Xsupply)/(Xfresh - Xreturn)
CASE Temperature Humidity ratio Sensible heat Total heat
1
0.83
0.48
0.80
0.70
2
1.05
0.78
1.03
0.95
3
0.57
0.65
0.60
0.63
• Yamatake reports average values as 0.86-1.00 0.80-0.89 for winter
cases (1,2) and for summer (3) 0.62-0.84 0.66-0.72
• Note: traditional heat exchangers efficiency is 0.5-0.7
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airAC-LHP
Unique:
86%
latent
heat
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proofs for airAC-LHP:
 Bakery – 6 months – no cleaning 
No filters vs. 1-2 weeks only for RW
 Residential building – 6 years – no
cleaning, no frosting
 Heavy winter conditions – 6 years –
no drain or frosting even at –40°C
• TESTED at / PROVEN by:
• SINTEF (Norway)
• VTT (Finland)
• Kajaani City Health Authority (Finland)
• Yamatake (Japan)
• TKK (Finland)
• CATIC/AVIC
• end-users
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airAC-LHP in winter
fresh air -20oC
exhaust air
two heat recovery cells
return air 20oC
supply air 16oC
without additional energy.
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airAC-LHP in summer
return air 25oC
supply air 26.5oC
two heat recovery cells
fresh air 30oC
exhaust air
without additional energy
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Coefficient of Performance COP
Performance comparison
Cross Flow
0…5
Heat Factor HE COP
30
Rotary Wheel
0…7
20
airAC-LHP, proven 15-20
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minimizing/elimating ventilation
loss
10
5
Inside 21oC/ 70oF
Conventional air-conditioner
oC
-40
0
Fresh (outdoor) air temperature
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40
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airAC-LHP
300 l/s
Renovation of a school, 30 rooms
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Spa, 800 l/s
100 l/s
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Test reports
airAC-LHP
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1982 and 1983 SINTEF (Norway) 800 tests in different indoor and outdoor climate conditions;
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1995 VTT (The Research Institute of Finland)
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Balancing humidity between 38 – 67 RH% due to 800 different outdoor and indoor climate conditions.
Does not freeze at –25°C (-13 F),
Free indirect evaporative cooling up to 5°C
Does not freeze at –24.4o C (-12 F) being thermal efficiency of 87.8%
2002 Laboratory of Food and Environment in Kajaani
•
The recovery cells are clean after 6 years ceaseless operation - without cleaning
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2002 used in a bakery for six moths without filters nor cleaning: ceaselessly operation
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Since 2003 in several eye operation theatres without microbe growth
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2007 Yamatake Japan, COP in winter 14.8, thermal efficiency 105 %
The best performance on Japan market
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12 March 2008 Helsinki University of Technology: COP in winter 14, in summer 33
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Nov 2009 Abu Dhabi, own, in some climate conditions the latent heat > sensible heat
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2010 CATIC/AVIC, China, COP > 2 times better than the second best
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A Finnish end-user T eff. 96,10%, year round eff. >80%
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airAC-LHP. How?
airAC-LHP Reversible Regenerative Enthalpy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) recycles
energy and humidity
WARM
COOL
air gets cool
1. period
+40oC
dew point
Cells are selfcleaning and
microbe-free.
cell gets warm
2. period
Humidity balancing.
air gets warm
+23oC
cell gets cool
Humidity cyclically condensates and evaporates plus
releases and absorbs heat.
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Tightness of the building is more
important than insulation
(+/positive energy building).
ACVIO
and the environment
abstract of the presentation made to
Healthy House Association in Japan
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airAC-LHP
IAQ + SBS + Energy = No 1 Ventilation
Moisture
•
problem =
decreases efficiency: freezing, extra cooling, insulation
impurities mold/microbe/bacteria
•
benefit =
washes - self-cleaning, less maintenance
increases efficiency when latent heat involved
Reversibility
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T + humidity maintained where they are
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if T eff > 100%, latent heat is envolved.
No modelling available.
Year round performance is more important than T eff.
High performance ERVs in facto are compusory due to new EU energy regulations
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reversible
Vapour is a benefit
-no drain
-cyclical
condensation/evaporation
-cyclically warm/cool and
wet/dry
-self-cleaning/washing
deos not allow mould/
bacteria growth
-non-frosting/freezing
-evaporative cooling
-latent heat > sensible
heat
-high T eff. and year
round performance
Acvio
irreversible
Vapour is a
problem
1) Draining
loses a lot
of latent
energy
2) Wet insulation
decreases heat
transfer
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3) Frosting/
freezing
preventing
needs
energy
4)
Permanent
warm and
wet surface
is ideal for
mould/
bacteria
growth
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Air-con, Vent., IAQ, Optimizing
Thank you.
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