The Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAHUDEI)
2009-2015
Slum Aid Project (SAP)
Human Development Indicators (2009-2015)
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
SLUM AID PROJECT’S (SAP) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS.
CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Title
Indicator
Indicator Definition
Data source
measure
Measuremen
t process
CHILDREN PROGRAMS
Education
Percent of boys
Enrolled means
Primary data
Primary data:
and percent of
currently enrolled in the
from
30 cluster
girls who
appropriate year of
household
random
are enrolled in
formal education for the
survey and the
Household/sc
or have
child‟s age. Completed
slum Schools.
hool survey,
completed the
means successfully
verified by
first seven
passed the sixth year of
Support
years of formal
formal education while
groups leaders
education.
of the recommended age
report.
for that level.
Percentage of
Appropriate level and
youths, girls
age are determined by
and boys who
the country‟s Ministry
have completed
or Department of
the 11 years of
Education.
formal
These first years of
education.
formal school are often
identified as primary or
elementary school. The
next 4 years are refered
as the ordinary level of
education in Uganda.
Nutrition
Percentage of
3 Meals This means
Primary data
Primary data:
people having
eating breakfast, Lunch
from
30 cluster
at least 3 meals
and supper.
household
random
per day.
Stunted means the child
survey
household
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
including boys
has a Z–score below
survey,
and girls who
minus 2 standard
verified by
are stunted
deviations (SD) from the
household,age
median height-for-age
height and
of the NCHS/WHO
weight
standard. This indicates
measurements
moderate &/or severe
.
malnutrition.
Diarrhea
Percent of
Diarrhoea means more
Primary data
Primary data:
management
children 0-4
than 3 loose stools
from
30 cluster
years with
passed in a 24 hour
household
random
survey.
household
diarrhoea in the period. Acceptably
past
managed means the
survey,
two weeks,
child received increased
verified by
whose
fluids (preferably ORT
Community
disease was
or recommended home
health centres
acceptably
fluid) during the disease
and
managed.
and while recovering
community
care givers.
Immunization
Percent of
Fully immunized means
Primary data
Primary data:
children aged
the child has received
from
immunization
12 – 23 months
all National Ministry of
household
status verified
fully
Health (MOH)
survey.
by MOH
immunized.
recommended vaccines
individual
before 12 months. Must
vaccination
include immunisation
cards.
against diphtheria,
pertussis, tetanus,
measles, poliomyelitis
and tuberculosis.
Water
Percent of
Access to an improved
Primary data
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
Primary data:
households
water source means 30
from household
30 cluster
who have year
or more liters of water
survey.
random
round access to
per person per day, from
an improved
a potable source within
Secondary data
survey,
water
15 minutes of the
from other
verified by
source.
household. Potable
actors
Community
household
source means a tap,
Volunteers
protected well, or other
monthly
protected water source.
reports.
FOR WOMEN
VIOLENCE
Number of
AGAINST
women
WOMEN
suffering from
at least one
form of
violence against
them
Violence against women
Includes
-Sexual violence (rape
and coerced sex)
-Physical
beating
burning and starving
people to death.
-Emotional torture.
-Economic
violence
(failure to provide the
basic needs to their
family members)
Primary data
30 cluster
from household
random
survey.
household
Secondary data
survey,
from other
verified by
women
Community
organizations
Volunteers
SAP Staff
Community
leaders
monthly
reports
Sexual
Number of girls
Sexual violence is un
Primary data
30 cluster
violence
coerced or
wanted sex, or would
from household
random
against young
forced into
have been avoided sex.
survey.
household
girls
having sex
A girl can be sexually
below the age
abused either physically
Secondary data
verified by
of 18.
or verbally.
from other
-Community
organizations or
Volunteers
( The law stipulates
that having sex
with a girl below
18 years is a crime,
it is also believed
survey,
Child focused
SAP Staff
organizations
Community
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
that children do not
accept but are
coerced to have sex
by adults.)
leaders
monthly
reports
GENERAL INDICATORS
House hold
Percent of
Coping strategies means Primary data
Primary data:
resilience
households
an adaptive coping
from
30 cluster
adopting coping
strategy, sale of a liquid
focus group
random
strategies
or productive asset, so
discussions &
household
within the past
as to mitigate the impact
household
survey,
year.
of external shocks
survey.
verified by
and/or environmental
Primary data:
Support group
stress factors in order to
Focus group
heads.
provide the household‟s
discussions to
basic necessities.
identify local
coping
strategies,
specific to the
communities, to
be used in a
survey.
Poorest house
Percent of
Poorest households
Primary data
Primary data:
holds
poorest
means those households
from
Series of
households.
identified to be the most
wealth ranking
wealth
.
socially and/or
exercises.
ranking
.
economically
exercises
disadvantaged within a
involving
community
community
leaders and
community
members
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
from sample
communities.
Community
Community
Community
Primary data
Primary data:
participation
participation in
participation means that
from focus
30 cluster
development
men, women, boys and
group
random
girls perceive they
discussions.
household
actively participate in all Primary data:
survey,
aspects of their
Guided focus
verified by
development with
group
principal
particular focus on
discussions with caregiver
programme planning,
men,women,
implementation,
boys and girls.
monitoring and
Information
evaluation.
analyzed and
report.
indexed by a
rating
committee
using specific
rating
guidelines.
Social
Social
Social sustainability is
Secondary data
Secondary
sustainability
sustainability
defined as the capacity
from document
data: Review
of community
within a community to
review , i.e
of documents
development
sustain the long-term
Community
from
viability and impact of
monthly
development
development processes.
reports.
programmes
This capacity is focused
Primary data
and
on how conditions for
from
community
social
focus group
organizations.
sustainability are created discussions.
Primary data:
through the character,
Guided focus
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
functioning, resource
group
mobilization and
discussions
networking skills of
SAP CSG
community
Information
organizations.
analyzed and
indexed by a
consultant
using specific
rating
guidelines.
HIV/AIDS
Number of the
HIV: Human Immune
Primary and
Primary data:
Prevention
people affected
Virus.
Secondary data
status verified
and infected by
AIDS: Aquired
from HIV/AIDS by MOH,
HIV/AIDS in
Immunity Deficiency
Care givers,
Uganda Aids
the area.
Syndrome.
Uganda Aids
Commission‟
People infected by
Commisssion
Individual
HIV/AIDS are those
reports, review
vaccination
people who have been
document.
cards
diagnosed to be
Primary data
HIV/AIDS Positive.
from
People Affected by
focus group
HIV/AIDS are those
discussions
people who are
indirectly affected by
HIV/AIDS because their
close relative is affected.
These are usually
dependants of some sort
to the affected person.
These include, Children,
spouses, neighbors,
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
relatives, etc
Human
Percentage of
Human Trafficking:
Secondary data
secondary
Trafficking
people
involves scrupulously
from
data from
trafficked from
moving human beings
enforcement
Police, Local
their homes to
from one place to
agents
authorities ,
the slums or
another nationally or
nationally and
schools etc
from slums
internationally
internationally,
across boarders
reports review.
Primary data
from
Schools and
Community
Drug abuse
Percentage of
Drug abuse
for Youths in
boys and girls
Drug Abuse refers to from
hool survey,
the slum areas
using drugs in
psychoactive substances Community
verified by
the community.
that
Support
people
Secondary data
take
to reports review.
Household/sc
change the way they Primary data
groups leaders
feel, think or behave. from
report.
These may be man- Schools and
made
or
occurring
naturally Community
substances focus group
used without medical Discussions.
supervision.
Notes on Indicators
1
Education
For Primary school gross enrolment (for all children living in the slum areas)
Number of slum children enrolled in primary schools, regardless of age expressed as a percentage of the total
number of slum children of official primary school age.
Secondary school gross enrolment for slum children
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
Number of slum children enrolled in secondary schools, regardless of age expressed as a percentage of the total
number of slum children of official secondary school age.
In youth literacy rates we look at ages between 15 and 24, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that
age group
2
Diarrhea management
Diarrhoea occurs when more than 3 loose stools are passed by a child in a 24 hour period. Acceptably managed
means the child received increased fluids (preferably ORT or recommended home fluid) during the disease and
while recovering.
Diarrhea in children is very common in the slum areas because of the poor domestic and environmental hygiene
methods used.
3
Nutrition
Weight less than 2500 grams at birth for a child is regarded as under weight. Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS), Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys(MICS), Other national household surveys and data from routine
reporting systems.
Under weight for a child may be Moderate or Severe: below minus two standard deviation from median weight for
age of reference population.
Severe: below minus three standard deviation from median weight for age of reference population.
Wasting- Moderate and severe: below minus two standard deviation from median weight for height of reference
population.
Stunting- Moderate and severe: below minus two standard deviation from median height for age of reference
population
4
Immunization
Government Funding of Vaccines: Percentage of vaccines that are routinely administered in a country to protect
children and are financed by the Ugandan government.
EPI- Expanded Programme on Immunisation: The Immunizations Programme in Uganda includes that against;
Tuberculosis (TB), Diphtheria, Pertusis (Whooping cough),Tetenus (DPT), Polio, Measles, as well as vaccines for
pregnant mothers to protect babies against tetanus, other vaccines , e.g hepatitis B (HepB), haemophilus influenza
type b (hib) or yellow fever, may be included in the immunization programme.
Immunisation programmes for infants or mothers can be measured by the percentages infants or mothers who
received a particular vaccine against a certain disease at a specified age, time in place.
5
Water
“ Water is life‟ People‟s accessibility to a clean water source considers the time one takes to reach a water source. 30
minutes has been considered as adequate time for one to reach a water source to at least collect enough water per
person per day from a potable source. Potable source means a tap, protected well, or other protected water source.
Measure: Percent of households who have year round accessibility to clean tap water in a slum area source as
compared to the total number of people in the community..
6
Violence Against Women in the slum areas:
Violence Against Women (VAW) in the slum areas is as old as the slums themselves. In spite of the growing
interest in fighting this social evil, no explicit measure is in place or sight to completely curb it out of existence
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
“There is no week that passes without hearing a story where a woman has been battered or assaulted in some way
around” (A local councilor II, Wabigalo parish)
What is Domestic Violence?
There are two key words to consider here; domestic and violence. Simply looked at, „Domestic‟ refers to anything,
related to a home or family, „Violence”, on the other hand, is any force, passion or intensity used with intention to
cause violation, destruction , hurt or pain. This then makes it clear that Domestic violence refers to force, passion or
intensity intended to hurt destruct, pain or violate someone‟s rights in a home or family setting.
7
Social sustainability
Social sustainability is defined as the capacity within a community to sustain the long-term viability and impact of
development processes. This capacity is focused on how conditions for social sustainability are created through the
character functioning, resource mobilization and networking skills of community organizations, support groups etc..
“SAP‟s niche to empower community support groups will go a long way in facilitating development processes while
engaging the government and other relevant authorities. In the end, this will enhance sustainability.”
Measure: Number of community programs that have successfully been sustained after the programs ended against
the total number of programs in a specific community in a given period.
8
Community participation
Community participation is when people in an area with a common goal to achieve a development objective in
areas such as hygiene, education, moral stability, etc work together to accomplish that specific goal.
Community Organization refers to mobilization of people in an area with a common goal to achieve development
objectives
Slum Aid Project invested a lot of effort and time in what has come to be known as Community support group
Organization. This is a relatively new concept in Community Development. In terms of definition, Community
Organization refers to mobilization of people in an area with a common goal to achieve development in areas such
as hygiene, education and moral stability.
Measure: Percentage number of people participating in community work against the total population of adults in a
specific community.
ommunity Organization refers to mobilization of
9
Poorest house holds.
Poorest households means those households identified to be the most socially and/or economically disadvantaged
within a community.
Measure: Number of Households identified as to be the most socially and/or economically disadvantaged within a
community against the total number of households in the community.
House hold resilience
10
HIV/AIDS
Estimated HIV/Prevelance rate- Percentage of adults (aged 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS in a specific slum area.
Estimated number of people (all ages) living with HIV- Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS in a
specific slum area.
Estimated number of women living with HIV/AIDS- Estimated number of women living with HIV/AIDS in a
specific slum area.
HIV Prevalence among young men and women: Percentage of young men and women living with HIV/AIDS per
slum area.
Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV- Percentage of People (Men and women) and young men or young women
(15-24) who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV (Using Condom
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015
and limiting sex to one faithful partner). Who also reject the two major misconceptions about HIV transmission and
know that a healthy looking person can be HIV-infected.
Condom Use- Percentage of People (Men and women) and young men or young women (15-24) who say they used
a condomthe last time they had sex with a non-marital, non cohabiting partner during the last 12 months.
Children orphaned by AIDS- Estimated number of children (aged 0-17) who have lost one or both parents during
the last 12 months.
Orphaned School attendance: Percentage of children (10-14) who have lost both biological parents and who are
currently attending school as a percentage of non- orphaned children of the same age living with at least one parent
and who are attending school.
Drug Abuse
Understanding what drugs are is fundamental to understanding their potential abuse. A psychoactive substance is
something that people take to change the way they feel, think or behave. Some of these substances are called drugs,
and others, like alcohol and tobacco, are considered dangerous but are not called drugs. The term drugs also covers a
number of substances that must be used under medical supervision to treat illnesses.
For our purposes then, we will talk about drugs as those man-made or naturally occurring substances used without
medical supervision basically to change the way a person feels, thinks or behaves so that they "can have fun."
While it is difficult to give an accurate picture of the extent of drug abuse among youth because of the severe lack of
information, we can look at smaller samples of young people in slum areas for some indication of the direction
youth culture is taking.
Finally, drug abuse damages the ability of people to act as free and conscious beings, capable of taking action to
fulfill their needs. How free drug abusers are when they have no control over their actions or reactions is debatable.
What is unarguable is that by giving in to bio-chemical processes that are deviant, a drug abuser loses what makes
humans admirable and unique.
It is believed that many of the youths in the slum areas are using drugs which has led to increased crime rates in the
slum areas.
Measure: Percentage of youths on drugs as compared to the total number of the youths in the slum areas.
Slum Aid Project Human Development Indicators (SAP-SAHUDEI) 2009-2015