1. law, govt and politics
2. government

Ravi R
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Module 4
E-Government , Systems Architecture,
E-GIF , E-Services and related subjects
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Objectives of Module 4
To enhance the knowledge of the CIOs on the basic
concepts, techniques and tools for E-Government
development and deployment including E-GIF, EServices and BPR in the context of the E-Government
Programme of the Government of Iraq
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Scope
 E-Government & Public Sector Management Concepts
 E-Government Development and Deployment
 E-Services
 E-Government Systems Architecture
 E-Government Interoperability Framework
 Business Process Mapping and Re-engineering
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Public Sector Management and
E-Governance
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Management Concepts
 Planning ( Goal setting etc)
 Resource Allocation
 Decision Making
 Monitoring and Control
Nature of Management Process
 Strategic
-------- Policies and Strategies
 Tactical
-------- Operational Plans
 Operations --------- Services and Products
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Organizational Structure and
Management Processes
Top Management
Strategic
Management
Organizational
Structure
Middle Managers
Tactical
Management
Staff
Operational
Management
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Information Vs Decision Making
Management
Level
Volume of
Information
required
Aggregation
Required
Frequency Currency
Top
Low
High
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Low
High
High
Management
Middle
Management
Operational
Management
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Management Performance Vs
Information Availability
Management
Performance
INFORMATION AVAILABILITY
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Public Sector Management Process
Strategic
Business
Processes
Decision
Support
System
Applications
Operational
Business
Processes
Management
Information
System
Public
Service
Delivery
Content
Management
System
Content / Doc.
Repositories /
Data warehouses
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Traditional Bureaucratic Government
Structure : Pyramidal TOP to Down
PM
Departmental
Heads
Lower Functionaries
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Organizational Structure
 Enterprise Start Up
 Flat Organizations
 Flexi-project type
 Bureaucratic – Pyramidal
 Matrix
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Organizational Culture
 Personality of an Organization
 Value System
 Communication and participation
 Degree of Flexibility
 Attitude
 Ethics and Norms
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Traditional Government Agency
Structure
Prime Minsters
office
Department 1
Ministry 1
Ministry 2
Department 2
Department 3
Office 1
Office 1
Office 1
Office 2
Office 2
Office 2
Office 3
Office 3
Office 3
Ministry 3
Ministry 4
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Traditional Government Structure :
Characteristic
 TOP DOWN
 NO or LIMITED LATERAL CONNECTIVITY
 LIMITED COLLABORATION
 INFORMATION FLOW PREDOMINANTLY VERTICLE
 CUSTOMER HAS NO PLACE: WHY?
 RULES BOUND
 CULTURE: AUTHORITARIAN
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Traditional Government Mandate
 ENACTING & IMPLEMENTING LAWS
 TAX COLLECTION
 SECURITY
 LAW AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
 NATIONAL DEFENCE
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Traditional Government Information
Flow
Cabinet
office
AGENCY1
AGECY 2
AGECY 3
Office a
Office d
Office b
Office c
Office e
Office f
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Present Day: Government Mandate
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ENACTING & IMPLEMENTING LAWS
TAX COLLECTION
SECURITY
LAW AND ORDER MAINTENANCE
NATIONAL DEFENCE
Poverty Eradication
Social Development
Enhancing balanced Economic Development
Promote Transparency Accountability and Democracy
Better Service to public, efficient and cost effective
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Customer Centric Vs Production
Centric
 A concept taken from commercial world
 Production centric suitable in shortage infested
environment
 Market Orientation
 Customer is the boss in customer centric
so start from there.
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E-Government Concepts and
Tools
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E-Government: What it is not
 It is not Computerizing the Existing
Government Processes.
 It is not digitizing the files and documents of
the Government.
 E-Government = Technology
 E-Government = Government
( Change management and Transformation )
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Optimal application of technology
for Governance
Optimality
Governance
Being just right.
Taking the system
to the point of
optimality at which
the outcomes are
maximized per unit
of input
Establishment of ideal
government that is
 Inclusive
 Integrated
 Citizen Centric
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Governance System Optimization
Target Goal
2
3
Points of Optimality
1
TECH 2
A
TECH 1
0
OUTPUTS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
INPUTS
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 Processes and Systems
 People
 Technology
 Structure
Process
People
Technology
Structure
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PEOPLE WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT
Attitudes
Work Culture
and Practices
Law Enforcement Agent
SKILLS
Knowledge workers
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PEOPLE WITHIN THE SOCIETY
Attitudes
SKILLS
Participation
information
sharing
Life Style
Change
Disconnected Isolated
Communities
Interconnected knowledge
Society
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Transformation in Government
From Bureaucratic » Citizen Centric
From Fragmented » Integrated
Oriented Participatory
From authoritarian » Service
& Democratic
Transparent
From closed »
Intuition / guess work » Informed decision
making
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 Manual Operation »
Automated
 Manual Data storage »
Electronic Media
for data storage
Use of computers and other data
manipulation devices for information
management and wide use of electronic
voice and data communication
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Developed Countries
 Canada
 Ireland
 Singapore
South Korea
 UK
 Australia
 USA
 Denmark
New Zealand
(Indicative List)
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Where is E-Gov. being Adopted
Developing Countries ( Middle Income Countries)
 Malaysia
 Botswana
 Egypt
 India
 Thailand
 Maldives
 Brazil
 Georgia
 Vietnam
( Indicative List)
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Where is E-Gov. being Adopted
Developing Countries
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Ethiopia
Afghanistan
Iraq
Rwanda
East Timor
Bangladesh
Laos PDR
Bhutan
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Mozambique
( Indicative List)
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Where is E-Gov. being Adopted
Developing Countries ( in our neighborhood)
 Azerbaijan
 Afghanistan
 Uzbekistan
 Tajikistan
 UAE
 Iran
 Bahrain
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Traditional Vs E –Government
Use of Resources
Low
High
Infrastructure
Fragmented
Integrated
Cost of Service
High
Low
Speed of Service
Months/Day
s
Hours/Minu
te
ROI
Low
High
Transparency
Low
High
Participation
Low
High
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Traditional Vs E –Government
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Global Imperatives for E-Government
 To be part of the emerging global
knowledge based economy and society.
 Make international e-commerce possible.
 Interaction with the developing egovernments worldwide.
 Accelerate social and Economic
development through globalization
.
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Framework for Development & Deployment
ICT Sectoral
Programs
E-Government
Restructure, Re-engineered Processes
Policies, Strategies, Standards and Laws
Communication & ICT Infrastructure /
Security
Training and Skill Development
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E-Services
 Government to Government G2G
 Government to Business G2B
 Government to Citizen G2C
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 Automated Government Processes
 Electronic Exchange of documents and EDMS/ CONTENT management./
Knowledge Management
 Collaboration :chatting and emailing and video and voice conferencing.
 B-Process and work flow integration
 Information sharing and integration-EII
 Electronic information searching across the enterprise.
 Government Payroll and Personnel Management online
 Government HRM and Development including Training.
 Government Financial Management
 Government Strategic Planning and Operational Decision .MIS and DSS.
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 Improved Public Health Administration
 Better monitoring and management of public health
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through an integrated national Health Information
System.
Better control of and monitoring of epidemics and
spread of disease (HIV, Malaria, Swine Flue)
Public Health Information dissemination quickly and fast
training of Health Workers on line
Telemedicine and e-health service through linking of
lower level health centers with higher level referral
Hospitals.
Better Health Centre and Hospital Management
One of the priority areas-National Dev Plan of Iraq 2010-1014
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Gov. Information available on line at the government web sites
 Government Forms available on line for easy downloading
 Registration of birth and death on line
 Land records management and information
 Drivers Licensing application on line
 Business Registration and trade licensing on line
 Application for Customs clearance on line.
 Application for Passport on line
 Application admission to government education institutions on line
 Information broadcasting electronically and disaster management.
 Electronic government payments
 Citizen grievance registration and follow up
Delivery of critical information to specialized citizen groups
Delivery of extension and training services
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Automated Financial management and Accounting Systems.
Automated Auditing Systems
E-Procurement
E-Recruitment.
E-Inventory and materials management.
Automated HR and Payroll system
Citizen and Business E-Services
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Delivery of formal and information education on line
Delivery of life long learning through career courses online
Delivery of Basic Education to remote areas though virtual
schools.
Public Education and National HR management based on
sound skill and education and HR information.
Better management of public schools and educational
institutions.
Education of the priority areas-National Dev Plan of Iraq 2010-1014
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Provision of soil information
 Provision of agronomy and agriculture extension services
 Provision of animal husbandry services
 Provision of weather information
 Provision of Agriculture market information.
 Provision of agriculture pricing information.
 Provision of sub-soil water resource information.
 Rural Credit Management
 Development of Rural Enterprise –information
Agriculture one of the priority areas-National Dev Plan of Iraq 2010-1014
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 Land Information management system
Land use mapping and planning
Forest Information data base and information system
Water and other Natural resource information systems
Dissemination of environment information.
Environment modeling and research support.
Monitoring emissions and air pollutants
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E-Government
Developments and
Systems ArchitectureIraq
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Iraq- E-Government Vision
Iraq harnesses ICT tools to improve basic services to all
and to promote all-round good governance, including
increased public participation, better social equity and
justice as well as a general enhancement of the
transparency and effectiveness of public institutions in
order to build the necessary platform for a competitive,
robust and knowledge-based economy.
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E-Government Strategic Goals
Goal 1: Strengthen the interaction between citizens and the
state to enhance participation of civil society in public affairs
and promote social inclusion.
Goal 2: Disseminate and promote the new e-Governance
services within the provinces so that all citizens have access to
them on an equal opportunity standing.
Goal 3: Increase the capabilities and responsiveness of public
institutions through the use of ICTs to achieve better
governance and to enhance efficiency, transparency and
accountability
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E-Government Strategic Goals
Goal 4: Contribute to the development of a favorable
environment for sound economic growth
Goal 5: Foster the development of a knowledge based
society and bridging the digital divide
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Iraq Government Priorities
 Achieve Security and stability
 Reconstruction
 Rehabilitation
 Establish rule of law
 Establish Governance Structure & Systems
 Social and Economic Development ( Education, Health,
Agriculture)- (National Development Plan 2010-2014)
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Strategic Focus-E-Government Iraq
 Awareness raising and Communication
 Human Capacity and Resources
 Government Interoperability, Standards and Applications
 Organizational and cultural change
 Regulatory framework
 Telecommunications infrastructure
 Financial Resource Management
 Monitoring, Evaluation and Assessments
 Connecting services and citizen
 Data and information systems
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Strategic Focus-E-Government Iraq
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E-Government -Sectoral Focus
e-Health,
 e-Education,
 e-Municipal works and Local Government
 e-Personnel citizens

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 N- Tier ( Multi Layer)
 Web Based ( Internet )
 Service Oriented ( SOA)
Enterprise Application Integration
Enterprise Information Integration
Maximum Service Orientation
Optimized
E-SERVICES
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High Level E-Government Systems
Architecture FULFILMENT
INTEGRATION
FRAMEWORK
Back end
applications
and Data bases
Customer
Interface
other E Govt. Systems
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E-Government Architecture Model
Agency1
Agency6
Agency2
E-Govt.
Hub
Agency-
Agency3
Informatio
6
n
Agency5
Agency4
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Project Management at the Provincial
Level- Systems Architecture
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Systems Architecture- E-Procurement
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E-Government Interoperability
Framework (e GIF)
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Iraq e-GIF: Definition
 e-Governance interoperability, in its broad sense, is the
ability of constituencies to work together. At a technical
level, it is the ability of two or more government
information and communications technology (ICT)
systems or components to exchange information and to
use the information that has been exchanged to improve
governance.
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Scope of e-GIF
Framework
 Policies and guidelines
 Technical Standards
 Implementation and management guidelines
 How is it different from National Standards and
National Government Standards?
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E-GIF ARCHITECTURE
E-GIF
e-GIF
Policies &
Guidelines
e-GIF
Technical
Standards
e-GIF Implementation
Management &
Compliance
Government
Meta Data
Standard
Controlled Subject
Vocabulary English,
Dari & Pashtu
Data
Exchange
Business and
Application
Access and
Presentation
Network
Standards
Web Services
Appl.
Integrations
Information
Security
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Applicability of e-GIF
 Federal Government Ministries and Departments
 The office of the President and all its Departments .
 All provincial Government Ministries and all their subordinate
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offices and departments.
All offices of the Provincial Governors and its subordinate
offices
All government operated autonomous institutions.
All local government entities and organs
All privately owned businesses and private entities that act as
subcontractors for the government must follow e-GIF in their
upside links with the government owned systems.
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E-GIF Major Policies
 Adoption of Open and Free standards
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Reduction of Risk
Durability
Flexibility and interoperability
Better Vendor Support:
Lower Costs and Better ROI:
International Standards
Internet and world wide web
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Content and Document Management
Delivery Channels
Users with disabilities
Information Security
Maximize Participation
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E-GIF Implementation Framework
Ministry of Science and Technology
E-Government Ministerial Committee
Interagency EGovernment Working
Groups
National E-Government
Advisory Group
Change Management and Reorganization Group
Government Content Management & Metadata Group
Controlled Vocabulary
Government Metadata
Government Hardware & Network Standards Group
Government Data Exchange Standards Group
Government Web Service Standards Group
Government Information Security Group
Accessibility and Presentation Standards Group
Government Business Application Standards Group
e-Business, eLearning, e-Government
Geospatial Data, Health, e-news
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e-GIF-High Level Management Process
Redrafting
Drafting
& Revision Control
Publish for Consultation
Review
Acceptance
Formal Change
Control
Release for Use
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E-GIF Compliance
What is e-GIF Compliance
Test for Compliance
Timetable to achieve compliance.
E-GIF Compliance Certification
 Authorized entities for compliance
certification
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Business Process Mapping
and Re-engineering
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Business Process Concepts
INPUTS
Business
Processes
Activities and
Actions
OUTPUTS
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Business Process Mapping
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Business Process Mapping
Four Major Steps of Process Mapping
 Process identification .
 Information gathering
 Interviewing and mapping
 Analysis
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BPR Vs Process Improvement
Process Improvement (TQM) versus Process Innovation (BPR)
Description
Improvement
Innovation
Level of Change
Incremental
Radical
Starting Point
Existing Processes
Clean Slate
Frequency of Change
One time / Continuous
One Time
Time Required
Short
Long
Participation
Bottom Up
Top Down
Typical Scope
Narrow ( Within functions)
Broad ( Cross Functional)
Risk
Moderate
High
Primary Enabler
Statistical Control
Information Technology
Type of Change
Cultural
Cultural/ Structural
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Approach & Methodology for BPR
Develop the Business
Vision and Process
Objectives
BPR is driven by a business vision which implies specific business
objectives such as Cost Reduction, Time Reduction, Output Quality
/ improvement,/Learning/Empowerment.
Identify the Processes to Most firms use the High- Impact approach which focuses on the
most important processes or those that conflict most with the
be Redesigned
Understand and Measure
the Existing Processes
business vision. Lesser number of firms use the Exhaustive
approach that attempts to identify all the processes within an
organization and then prioritize them in order of redesign urgency.
For avoiding the repeating of old mistakes and for providing a
baseline for future improvements
Identify IT Levers
Awareness of IT capabilities can and should influence process
Design and Build a
Prototype of the New
Process
design
The actual design should not be viewed as the end of the BPR
process. Rather, it should be viewed as a prototype, with successive
iterations. The metaphor of prototype aligns the BPR approach with
quick delivery of results, and the involvement and satisfaction of
customers.
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BPR Methodology
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New Technologies
To enhance effectiveness and efficiency of EGovernment
Mobile Technologies
Cloud Computing
Convergence of TechnologiesShared Delivery Platform
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