SEARCH FOR A CAREER FIND A JOB
SEARCH FOR A CAREER FIND A JOB INTRODUCTION • Looking for a job is an example of marketing theory in action • The product you are marketing is the value you can “lease” to someone else • In the case of a job – the value is in the form of generating tangible income that can be shown on a balance sheet INTRODUCTION • Keep in mind an employer is motivated by 2 things – 1. You will make them money (revenue growth) – 2. You will save them money (cost-cutting) • Almost all reasons for hiring someone come down to the above two motivations PRESENTATION MAP How to Define Your Brand Personal Brand Interview Why Theory Basics Personal Branding Statement Phone Networking Face-To-Face Web Networking - LinkedIn Web Networking – Other Web Media Face–to-Face Networking Resume HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement Web Networking LinkedIn Blog Website Face-to-Face Networking Theory • A Personal Brand is a unique design, sign, symbol, words, or a combination of these, employed in creating an image that identifies you and differentiates you from your competitors. Over time, this image becomes associated with a level of credibility, quality, and satisfaction in the minds’ of other people. Thus brands help busy consumers (hiring managers) make decisions in a crowded and complex marketplace, by standing for certain benefits and value. • http://www.businessdictionary.com/definiti on/brand.html HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Why a Personal Brand • Q: Why do I need to do all the work to define my brand? • A: Because if you don’t, someone else will. With the internet, people have quick access to information and to people that they can get information from about you If you are not managing this information, the potential employer will brand you from all the information they find (which may not be in your best interest) HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement • Develop a Personal Branding Statement – It is NOT a job title – You tell other people what you can offer them that no one else can – It needs to be short and concise HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement • Start by writing down everything you believe you can do that would be valuable to an employer • So include things like honesty, marketing knowledge, C++ programming, etc… • Now highlight the items which you like learning about and keeping current in HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement • Now go research potential companies in potential industries you would like to work in • So if you want to work in aerospace, start by going to the career sections on websites like Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrup Grumman etc.. • Look at the job postings and see if they are looking for the same things you wrote down • If they match great, if not you have a choice to make – 1. Do I change my skills to match the industry or – 2. Do I search for an industry that uses the skills I wrote down *I personally would try to find an industry that matched my skills rather than end up hating my work HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement • Collect your skills into groups and try to rename the groups – The goal is to consolidate skills for your branding statement – Ex. if you have fuel cells, batteries, turbine engines etc. These can be regrouped as “advanced energy systems” HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement Writing The Statement HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Personal Branding Statement • The statement ideally is 1 sentence but can be 2 • It should have the form of saying – who you are – what you can do – how that makes/saves money • Lets make one up for a ME student with a minor in materials science – I bring an energetic curiosity to new opportunities occurring in advanced energy systems. My experience in material science research allows me to identify quick material upgrades that can increase product reliability or reduce manufacturing costs HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking • Now that you have your Branding Statement, how are you going to prove it? HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking • In Several Ways – for best results use all of these – Performance at a former job – Performance at school – Set up a blog that shows you keep up with current trends – Set up a website that shows projects you have done and professional activities you have participated in HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking • Keep in Mind – Projects you did for pay are more than likely proprietary so you should not display detailed information about what you did – You can only give general statements – ex. Redesigned housing assembly on B737 series aircraft to take advantage of a new casting process that reduced cost of the assembly 30% – The actual engineering data is Boeing’s, not yours, so don’t disclose it HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking • One common way to prove you did what you said is to have people confirm such facts HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Networking • These people are References – References or professional contacts are all the people you have ever worked on a project with – The best place to collect these references is on LinkedIn – LinkedIn is generally viewed as more professional HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn Putting Together a LinkedIn Profile HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • If you do not have a LinkedIn profile - get one – it’s free www.linkedin.com • Fill out the whole profile, there is a status bar that tells you how much you have completed • Your Personal Branding Statement goes in the summary section • Fill out your experience – do not leave gaps – school is experience HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • Do I need a complete LinkedIn profile? – No, but take a gander at these facts • 90-95% Of jobs are never advertised because when they are, 99% of people that apply are NOT qualified • Recruiters now search LinkedIn - usually by job function and location • In order to show up at the top of the search, you need a complete profile • Recruiters only peruse the top couple people because they usually only need to search that far to find one that fits their job opening HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • Fill out your experience – do not leave gaps – school is experience • Does your experience look thin? Maybe just school and some fast food type jobs? • If you are still in college you have nothing to worry about, but you need to take action – 1. Refer to your Personal Branding Statement and look for clubs, organizations, and professors that do the things your interested in – 2. Get involved with them. Clubs are always hurting for people that actually show up and help out on things and professors are always looking for people that actually show enthusiasm on projects • If you are not working and not in school, you need to still stay up on the latest technology and trends so look for clubs and organizations that need volunteers. Also if you live near a university, hit the library to stay current on trade magazines. HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • Include a PROFESSIONAL picture – The picture needs to be recent: <1yr old – An easy way to do this is put on a dress shirt and stand 5-10ft in front of a brick wall or out in a wide open field on a cloudy day – Have a friend take the picture, or use a tripod with a remote shutter release - remember professional – As for poses – look at all the other LinkedIn profile pictures that were taken professionally and copy the poses. One side of your face is probably more photogenic and that is the side you want to show – Remember you need to have a picture that presents you in the best possible way HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • Now build your professional network • Start searching and linking to people you actually know at first • You actually want to get as many people as possible in your network, so you can be found easier by recruiters • Now join LinkedIn groups that are professionally appropriate • Purdue University Mechanical Engineering is one such group HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • The last step to a complete profile is 3 recommendations • So reach out to old supervisors and people of influence (professors for example) and ask for a personal recommendation • If they’re not on LinkedIn, send them an email asking them to join • These recommendations are why you set up a profile in the first place HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-LinkedIn • Reaching out to people you do not know – The thought of this usually makes people cringe initially – Start by browsing the people in the LinkedIn groups you joined – Look for people that work for companies you want to work at or do the job you want – Send them links to articles from their company or in their career field and ask for their opinion on it – Always offer something of value – People then will offer something of value in return HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Other Web Media HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking - Other Social Media • Facebook – may help but definitely can hurt – Make sure you have all your stuff locked down and no one tags you in a photo – Even if it’s locked down it is easy to crack, so many people have dropped their accounts • Twitter – Keep tweets inline with your brand – Anything else can and will be used against you HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Blog • The Blog is a fantastic tool to collect web based articles about your topic • You include links to press releases and public access documents to your blog page HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Blog • You may say that you work on proprietary projects like fuel injectors so you can’t blog – FALSE! • You can link to press releases from competitors on what they are doing with fuel injectors • Be careful on comments - only use public info from another company’s press release to compare and contrast – Never talk about what you know that has not been published HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Blog • Getting a Blog is as simple as going to wordpress.com and signing up • Make sure you link to your blog on LinkedIn (Facebook and Twitter – if used) and your personal website HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Website • The website is where you showcase what you love to do • All you need for a website is access to a simple text editor like notepad and access to a server • There are many website services that offer both for a small fee HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Website • Coding your own website is a fun skill to have – Use CSS layout and simple HTML code in a minimalist style like found here Three Styles – The internet has tons of free help on HTML and CSS – Simple HTML code makes it so most every browser will display it properly – If you write it you have another skill to add to your resume – You can fix it when it breaks – If you are a student you get free web hosting so take advantage of it, but you have to write the code usually anyway HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Website • On your website include info related to the topics you specialize in • Tons of pictures of projects you own the rights to • Also modify academic papers you did so they are web friendly • The most important items are the PowerPoint presentations of the projects you worked on • If you are a Purdue ME student you should have projects from ME 263 and 463 and possibly ME 352,452,475 as a minimum HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Web Networking-Finishing Touches • Pick a color scheme that you can use for your blog and website – Go here to read more Sherifabdou • Make sure your blog and website share same “look” • Create a Favicon – It should be something with your initials, because YOU are the product – Cute little ambiguous symbols go on products that get sold by the millions – you don’t have that kind of exposure HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • Some people really hate this others really love it • You actually network everyday – every time you talk to someone- you are building a relationship • That is all networking is – building relationships HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • Building a relationship has no time line – sometimes its fast other times it takes years to develop • Keep this in mind – you are interacting with someone else, so many times your timeline and their timeline are different • People mess up when they only take their timeline into account HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • • • • Talk to people – everybody If nothing else it is good practice Do not be strategic with who you talk to Remember - your next door neighbor’s 3rd cousin could be the CEO of the company you want to work for HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • Remember communicating is easy – you have been doing it your whole life • Most often anxiety during communication is from dysfunctional appraisal of the situation by YOU – It is not what is actually happening or how the other person appraises you HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • When 1st meeting someone – – Start with Hi! and a soft smile • That may be all the situation calls for – If it progresses • Talk about what is going on around you – This is why people talk about the weather – Keep the topics non-personal – When you feel the conversation start to fade – walk • It is better to walk away on a positive then try to force more conversation HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • So what are personal topics – remember these topics are only allowable if you have known the person awhile and they are comfortable talking about such things with you – – – – – – – Job Relationship status Schooling Children/relatives Politics Money Religion HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • What can really sour a relationship is asking for something before the time is right • Q: How will I know when the time is right? • A: Usually 2 ways – 1. Offer, offer, offer something to them – when they offer something back the relationship probably has progressed to a point where you can ask for SMALL things – 2. If they ask something of you, then you can reciprocate by asking a favor from them HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • “Networking Events” – What has been said previously apply – Most often they will ask you if you are looking for a job - so it is OK to talk about it • But THEY brought it up – If they don’t bring up the job thing – you offer something to them • Like volunteering at a charity event • Or forwarding an article about something they are interested in – You just stood there and talked to them awhile – you should have picked up on several things they are interested in HOW TO DEFINE YOUR BRAND Face-to-Face Networking • “Networking Events” – Only give them a business card if they ask for it – You can ask for a business card but they have the right to refuse to give you one • Most time at networking events people just pass them out like they are passing out coupons to a new restaurant • If it is not a “networking event” be careful with the card – many times you have not “qualified” yourself with the other person yet – They need to see more information about you first PERSONAL BRAND Theory Behind Social Interaction Personal Brand Theory • What employers actually look for when screening candidates Personal Brand Theory • The technical component is less than 50% of the focus • They go by emotional feel along with cultural fit. • Hiring managers can’t afford to bring someone on board that can technically do the job, but has no social skills or will not fit in with the team that already exists (this is for both small and large companies). • Hiring is not cheap so managers are more willing to train people with the job skills if they “fit” in. • Changing someone’s communication skills or personality, not so easy (but can be done) (S. Bradbury, personal communication, May 23, 2011) Personal Brand Theory • Career success factors 1. Hours worked per week 2. Years of experience 3. Marital Status (married people more successful) 4. Praise and agreement with supervisor – (Judge & Bretz, 1994) Personal Brand Theory • So, how can we increase our chances of being liked? Personal Brand Theory • Liking – People prefer to say yes to requests from people we know and like (Cialdini 142) – Physical Attractiveness produces halo effect where people automatically attribute talent, honesty, kindness, and intelligence (Langlois et al., 2000) – One study proved good grooming of applicants for a job accounted for more favorable hiring decision than qualifications (Mack & Rainey, 1990) Personal Brand Theory • Liking – People like people we are SIMILAR to (Burger et al., 2004) • Holds true for opinions, personality traits, dress, background, or lifestyle (Cialdini 148) – People who give sincere compliments (Howard, Gengler, & Jain, 1995,1997) – Things familiar to us (Monahan, Murphy, & Zajonc, 2000) Personal Brand Theory • People who downplay success are more liked (Rosen, Cochran, & Musser, 1990; Wosinka et al., 1996) – However if people do not know of your success then you may be perceived with lack of talent – If too modest people may think too low self esteem or little self insight (Robinson, Johnson, & Shields, 1995) – If you appear insincere in minimizing talent than viewed as arrogant (Pin & Turndorf 1990) Personal Brand Theory • To recap – People like people who • They feel are like them • They feel they know • Take pride in their appearance (maximize what you have-if you are not sure what you have, ask someone) Personal Brand Theory • To recap – This is why you • Repeat your qualifications in several sources – The repetition will settle in and the more people read about you, the more they think they know you • Start networking with people you have common traits with – Ex. graduating from the same university • Maximize your appearance potential – Keeping clean and wearing clothes that fit – People look for the best YOU can be Personal Brand Theory • Like it or not, your online self sets up expectations in other people Personal Brand Theory • Realize that people take shortcuts in thinking – You don’t have the brainpower to analyze every detail of every situation • Expectation is one such example – People pay attention to events and behaviors that reinforce their expectations (Trope & Thompson, 1997) – Remember people and events that are consistent with expectations (Hirt, McDonald, & Erikson, 1995) Personal Brand Theory • Expectations – So this can hurt you if you do not present yourself with what a hiring manager expects from an employee – This is also why you need to let people get to know you so they don’t judge you based on a stereotype – Job applicants that are inaccurately expected to be unqualified may actually perform poorly because they get asked unfavorable questions, are given shorter time frames, and the interviewer gives off negative body language (Neuberg, 1989) Personal Brand Theory • Social Proof – We determine what is correct by finding out what other people think is correct (Lun et al.,2007) • This is useful and dangerous • This is why it is suggested to research company culture for dress and type of people that work there • This is also why you independently research a company first off because what the organization does may violate your personal beliefs • Just because that organization does it does not mean it is correct in a broader sense • WARNING – it is easier to back out before you start because people usually default to what they commonly see within a group of people and that may not be in your best interest (morally or legally) (Cialdini 99) Personal Brand Theory • Expectations and Social Proof – Remember • If the web or people that know you describe you as a slacker – other people will expect you to be so and treat you accordingly • If the web or people that know you describe you as a serious scholar-then other people will expect you to portray this when you finally meet • So keep this fact in mind Personal Brand Theory • The way to firmly plant someone’s positive expectation of you is by practicing CONSISTENCY Personal Brand Theory • Consistency – Consistency is associated with personal and intellectual strength, the person is seen as rational, stable, and honest (Cialdini 2009) • The brand helps to keep your message clear and concise Personal Brand Theory • Consistency – When you publish your skills and goals on a website it “locks” you in to that position (Cialdini 59) – If you did NOT produce or have NOT done what you published it produces a strong sense of betrayal in others • This is why it is necessary to only write what you actually have done or have a real passion for Personal Brand Theory • Consistency – This does not mean you are locked into one position forever – People love to see people grow and when new facts are presented show why they are relevant to your situation – The overall theme has to stay similar though Personal Brand Theory • Now in order for people to get to know you – You have to reveal yourself • Remember to pay attention when you do this – A mistake here can damage the “attraction” • Yes “attraction” is what everyone feels when they want to learn more about someone Personal Brand Theory • General Rules for revealing the self – Make sure disclosures are appropriate to topic and fit conversation • If you force it the other person may feel set up – Begin with safe disclosures • Descriptive ones that reveal factual information – Disclose in small doses • People get overwhelmed when you tell a ton of stuff about yourself too quick Personal Brand Theory • General Rules for revealing the self – Match the level and amount of the other person’s disclosures • Match disclosure to disclosure so conversation stays even – If other person starts to answer in briefer statements or goes to safe topics they are not comfortable with the rate of disclosure – Remember style of disclosure is as important • Need to show open body language and show enthusiasm for the other person’s disclosure Personal Brand Theory • General Rules for revealing the self – Disclose intimate details to people you have the most intimate relationships with • Deep emotional disclosure for people you have deep emotional bonds with or talk about various body parts and actions with people that see these body parts or actions (i.e. no sex talk with anyone but your sex partner) (Trenholm & Jensen 2008 p218-219) Personal Brand Theory • The thing to remember in revealing yourself is the rule of Reciprocation • What else does Reciprocation apply to? Personal Brand Theory • The Rule of Reciprocation – We should try to repay in kind what someone has given to us (Cialdini 2009, 19) – This rule is so powerful that it is found in all societies – General distaste to be seen as a freeloader • This is the thinking behind the free giving away of information Personal Brand Theory • The Rule of Reciprocation – Beware that some people try to reject this rule by rejecting you outright having themselves been burned in the past by the feeling of obligation – That is why you go into putting information out because you want to help people learn new things not to expect something from them in return (Cialdini 2009 pp45-47) Personal Brand Theory • The thing to remember in revealing yourself is the rule of Reciprocation • The rule of Reciprocation also is the driving force behind giving away your knowledge – People will view it as valuable and try to repay your generosity in kind Personal Brand Theory • The most important thing to watch is your • BODY LANGUAGE Personal Brand Theory • Body Language – Especially in a job interview, be concerned about making verbal and non verbal signals match (Knapp&Hall 17(1997)) – 1st impression of personality based on superficial observation no interaction on someone's sociability and extraversion after barest exposure agree (Albright, Kenny, & Malloy, 1988; Levesque & Kenny, 1993) Personal Brand Theory • Body Language – Attempting to control nonverbal with no expression make you interpreted as dull, withdrawn, uneasy, aloof, or deceptive (DePaulo, 1992) Personal Brand Theory • Body Language – People will interact with someone they believe is friendly at closer distance (172 Knapp & Hall) – Initially react to people viewed as physically attractive Personal Brand Theory • Body Language – The best body language is “open” – OPEN is • • • • • • Arms at your side Head up Smile on face Legs slightly apart Stand at “attention” but with hands at sides Smile on your face is the key Personal Brand Theory • Body Language – Positive head movements, smiling, and eye contact produced most liking (Young, Beier, & Beier (1979) Personal Brand Theory • Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) – Petty & Cacioppo – 1986 – Central Route Processing • High personal Involvement – When topic is believed to be personally relevant • Content is judged rather than person delivering it – Meaning actual expertise and physical characteristic of person less relevant • More someone hears the message or already knows something about the subject the more likely they will use central processing (Perloff, 1993, pp118-128) Personal Brand Theory • As engineers we like to have a theory to design things to • The closest in the social world to such a design theory is the – Elaboration Likelihood Model Personal Brand Theory • Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) – This model shows why getting your message out multiple places and with in-depth quality will speak to both low and high involvement people – When people want info they 1st do a web search • Hence if your name keeps coming up they associate you as an expert • Since you have professional integrity and your information is good = you ARE an expert Personal Brand Theory • Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) (cont) – Peripheral Route Processing • Low personal Involvement – When topic is not believed to be personally relevant • Content quality judged by quality of person delivering it – Meaning expert status of person and physical characteristic of person more relevant • Length of arguments, number of arguments and expert status of person more relevant (Perloff, 1993, pp118-128) Personal Brand Theory • Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) (cont) – Central Route Processing • High personal Involvement – When topic is believed to be personally relevant • Content quality judged by quality of argument – Meaning the other person knows something or many things about your topic and is looking to see how good you present the new information • This is the time to make your knowledge known. The other person is looking to expand their own knowledge Personal Brand Theory • Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) (cont) – The key to a “relationship” is to move the person to high involvement – You paint the picture and show them how our information is relevant to them – Remember the conversation is about them – Once at high involvement let your passion for the topic show – Problem many people try to “go nerdy” before the other person is interested in the topic Personal Brand Theory • Points to Remember – Meanings lie within people and impressions we form of others are not part of the game they are the whole game (Anderson 274) – “If people believe you are beautiful or credible then you ARE beautiful or credible” (Anderson 274) References • • • • • • • • • Berger, J.M., Messian, N., Patel, S., del Prado, A., & Anderson, C. (2004). What a coincidence! The effects of incidental similarity on compliance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 35-43. Howard, D.J., Gengler, C., & Jain, A. (1995). What’s in a name? A complimentary means of persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 200-211. Howard, D.J., Gengler, C., & Jain, A. (1997). The name remembrance effect. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12, 801-810. Monahan, J.L., Murphy, S.T., & Zajonc, R.B. (2000). Subliminal mere exposure: Specific, general, and diffuse effects. Psychological Science, 11, 462-466. Langlois, J.H., Kalakanis, A., Rubenstein, A.J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390-423. Mack, D., & Rainey, D., (1990). Female applicants’ grooming and personnel selection. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 399-407. Lun, J., Sinclair, S., Whitchurch, E.R., & Glenn, C. (2007). (Why) do I think what you think? Epistemic social tuning and implicit prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 957-972. Cialdini, R.B. (2009). Influence: Science and Practice. Boston, MA. Pearson. Trenholm,S., & Jensen, A. (2008). Interpersonal Communication 6th Ed. New York. Oxford University Press. References • • • • • • • • • • • • • Trope, Y., & Thompson, E.P. (1997). Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotypes group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 229-241. Hirt, E.R., McDonald, H.E., & Erickson, G.A., (1995). How do I remember thee? The role of encoding set and delay in reconstructive memory processes. Journal of experimental Social Psychology, 31, 379-409. Neuberg, S.L. (1989). The goal of forming accurate impressions during social interactions: Attenuating the impact of negative expectancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 374-386. Copeland, J.T. (1994). Prophecies of power: Motivational implications of social power for behavioral conformation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 264-277. Smith, D.M., Neuberg, S.L., Judice, T.N., & Biesanz, J.C. (1997). Target complicity in the confirmation and disconfirmation of erroneous perceiver expectations: Immediate and longer term implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 974-991. Snyder, M., & Haugen, J.A. (1995). Why does behavioral confirmation occur? A functional perspective on the role of the target. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 963-974. Rosen,S., Cochran, W., & Musser, L.M. (1990). Reactions to a match versus mismatch between and applicant’s self-presentational style and work reputation. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 11, 117-129 Wosinska, W., Dabul, A.J., Whetstone-Dion, R., & Cialdini, R.B. (1996). Self-Presentational responses to success in the organization: The costs and benefits of modesty. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 229-242. Robinson, M.D., Johnson, J.T., & Shields, S.A. (1995). On the advantages of modesty: The benefits of a balanced self-presentation. Communication Research, 22, 575-591. Pin, E.J., & Turndorf,J. (1990). Staging one’s ideal self. In D. Brisset & C. Edgley (Eds.), Life as theatre )pp. 163181). Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter. Judge, T.A., & Bretz, R.D., Jr. (1994). Political influence behavior and career success. Journal of Management, 20, 43-65. Langlois, J.H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A.J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 390-423. Mack, D., & Rainey, D. (1990). Female applicants’ grooming and personnel selection. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 399-407. References • Knapp, M.L., & Hall, J.A. (1997). Nonverbal communication in human interaction 4th ed. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace. • Albright,L., Kenny, D.A., & Malloy, T.E. (1988). Consensus in personality judgments at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 387-95. • Levesque, M.J., & Kenny, D.A. (1993). Accuracy of behavioral predictions at zero acquaintance. A Social Relations Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1178-87. • DePaulo, B.M. (1992). Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 203-43. • Anderson, P.A. (2008). Nonverbal Communication forms and functions 2nd ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press • Young, D.M., Beier, E.G., Beier, S. (1979). Beyond words: Influence of nonverbal behavior of female job applicants in the employment interview. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 57, 346-350. INTERVIEW INTERVIEW Basics Phone Interview In-Person Interview • A formal consultation usually to evaluate qualifications • http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/interview INTERVIEW Basics INTERVIEW Basics • People waaaayy over think this • It is just a conversation – like the thousands you have every month INTERVIEW Basics • The interviewer is looking for 2 things – 1. Do you have or are you capable and willing to learn the skills to do the job – 2. As the interviewer, do I feel comfortable having a relationship with this person forever • Yes – forever – you will always use them as a reference and they want to keep referencing things from you INTERVIEW Basics • You are looking for the same things – Fulfillment of needs, wants, and desires – Theirs and Yours • Not taking Yours into account leads to higher stress and other negative issues down the road INTERVIEW Basics • DO’s (apply to all interviews) – Research company and if possible everyone who will interview you • More for cultural compatibility – – – – Let the interviewer lead the interview Be on-time or early<10min Know what your website, blog, and resume say Know what a web search reveals about you and be prepared to explain if the web reveals some questionable behavior INTERVIEW Basics • DO’s cont. – Understand that there are illegal questions • View them here Job Interview Questions INTERVIEW Basics • DO’s cont. – Common interview questions are another common study area • View them here Job Interview Questions – Be wary of over analyzing them or trying to interpret what someone means by them • Think of them as focused small talk – Most of the time the person interviewing you has never met you so instead of talking about the weather they ask these questions INTERVIEW Basics • DO’s cont. – Be prepared to ask questions that involve your personal goals – Keep in mind that the interviewers expect you to reveal things but will most likely get offended if you ask them about anything that you find in a web search on them – Thank them for the opportunity to introduce yourself INTERVIEW Phone INTERVIEW Phone • Most often the phone interview is the 1st interview you will have • Many times you will have 3 phone interviews until you are asked for a faceto-face • Usually the 1st two are with HR reps and the 3rd is with the actual hiring manager • They are ALL important INTERVIEW Phone • Do’s – Everything from Basic Section – Try to be in a quiet room – Turn OFF other cell phones and computer – Be in the moment – Put off doing other tasks like eating or folding clothes etc.. – Use a phone that has a good connection • An actual landline corded phone is usually best INTERVIEW Phone • Do’s (cont) – Tell them you want the job if you still want it (they’re not mind readers) – Send a thank you if they provide you contact info • Some do not provide info for phone interview INTERVIEW Face-To-Face INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • The most important interview • The place where all your nonverbal and verbal communication skills come in to play INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Do’s – Clean, Combed Hair – Trim nose, ear, and neck hair – Clean shaven • If you have a beard or moustache make sure it looks taken care of – Clean, Trim Nails – Clean no smelly person • The only acceptable smell is a clean faint fabric softener smell and unscented soap smell – Clean clothes INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Do’s (cont) – Dress one level better than the person doing the interview • Usually means a suit (make sure it fits) – Unless they tell you what to wear • • • • • Make sure shoes are clean and polished Wear a belt Try to have a dressy coat too if it is cold Men – Men’s Warehouse dress tips Women – Women’s Business Clothes tips INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Do’s (cont) – Carry a portfolio of your work • Resume • Executive summaries of past projects – Turn the cell phone OFF • Better yet – leave it in the car or home – Chew on breath mints before interview INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Walking in to the interview – Walk standing up straight looking straight ahead – Relax the face – Hold the door for other people walking in • Guys - this is something you may want to make a habit of doing all the time anyway – Smile and state your name and why your there to the receptionist/security guard INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Walking in to the interview (cont) – If the receptionist/security guard wants to make small talk oblige them • This helps you relax by getting the nervous talk out of your system • Let them lead the conversation – but keep it G rated and appropriate INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Walking in to the interview (cont) – When the interviewer greets you • • • • Stand up straight Look them in the eye Smile Extend right hand (if possible) in a vertical position and firmly shake their hand and reiterate that you are who they said you are and ask them or repeat back to them their name then release hand INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Walking in to the interview (cont) – Walk next to the person or slightly behind • They have to lead, you don’t know where your going – If they’re talking to you - respond back INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • Walking in to the interview (cont) – When the interviewer reaches the destination • They may point to where you are supposed to sit – If not – sit directly across from them • Sit after they sit • Sit up straight with both feet flat on the floor • If at a table keep hands clasped together on top of table • If no table place portfolio on lap and hands clasped together on top of portfolio INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • At the interview – If someone else enters • Stand up • Wait to be introduced – If not introduced – introduce yourself and make the attempt to shake hands with the new person/persons – Relax – but stay seated in the appropriate posture outlined previously INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • If asked to take a tour – Take it – Show interest by asking relevant questions – Stay with your guide – Shake hands and introduce yourself to everyone your guide stops to talk to INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • If asked to go to lunch – GO – Order a relatively cheap item – Go with water or a SOFT drink for the beverage – Sit across from the interviewer or if at a booth sit diagonal if it is just the two of you – At the end offer to pay • If they take you up on your offer – you probably need to rethink about working there INTERVIEW Face-To-Face • At the end – Thank everyone for their time – Collect contact information so you can send each person a personalized Thank You note – Take only YOUR property – if in doubt ask them if it is yours or not – Say good bye to the receptionist/security guard RESUME RESUME • The resume is a quick recap of who you are and how you bring value to the workplace • Many job seekers put too much emphasis on this thing RESUME • Reality – if you are getting a 25% call back from your resume you are doing spectacular • Think of it as a reference card so someone can catalog you in a database • It does not get you the job RESUME • The resume does have to look nice however • Do’s – Use a font like Georgia or Arial – Put contact info at the top of the page • Include links to LinkedIn and website – Include Personal Branding Statement after contact info RESUME • Do’s (cont) – List your experience next • Tell who you worked for • When you worked there • Give examples of what you did that someone else would find valuable • Show how you made or saved the company money on the projects you worked on – Just because you worked on something you thought was “cool” doesn’t mean it added any economic value to the company – Many “boring” projects are the ones that show actual cash flow RESUME • Do’s (cont) – List education next – List any organizations you belong to and certifications you hold – List your skill strengths at the bottom – Keep it 1 page – Customize for each job position • Make sure you incorporate all the key words from the job opening into the resume RESUME • There are many corporate strategies for “disqualifying” resumes like not enough keywords or having the job statement copied on a resume (to get 100% keywords-which will get you thrown out) • The internet is full of resume writing advice and it constantly changes – Remember - If you focus on the networking part of the presentation, nobody really cares about what your resume says USEFUL REFERENCES • Two good references that cover these topics in depth and link to other good resources are • Careerealism • Career Attraction
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