BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology • Today: – Course Organization – Intro to Cellular Physiology • Next Lecture: – Intro to Nervous system organization and the neuron BGYB30 Mammalian Physiology Nerve Muscle Endocrine Course Organization • Bryan Stewart, Ph.D. • Lectures – Tuesday & Thursday • 12 noon (Lec 01) • 1 pm (Lec 02) • My Office Hours – Tuesday 2-3 pm; Wed 11am-12 noon, S540C – By appointment – Tutorial time slots Teaching Assistant 1. Afshan Ghesmy-Bahkt – Office hours: TBA Course Organization • Tutorials – every third Thursday 5-7 pm alternating with BGYB10 and BGYB50 BGYB30 Tutorials – September 9 - cancelled – September 30 – October 21 – November 11 • Question & Answers • Extended Office Hours Course Organization Communications Email: [email protected] – I cannot answer course related email sent to my regular email address Course Organization Communications • The Intranet Webpage – Syllabus – Announcements – Lecture notes Course Organization Lecture Notes • I will try to post lectures 24 hrs in advance • I reserve the right to add or delete material from the posted notes during the lecture Course Organization • Textbook – Eckert Animal Physiology 5th Edition, 2001 by Randall, Bruggren, & French, W.H. Freeman and Company. – All material will be covered in lectures and the text will supplement lectures – Lecture Topics and sections of the textbook will be posted to webpage Course Organization • Evaluation: – Mid-term 40% of final mark – Final exam 60% of final mark • Multiple choice questions • Short Answer questions • The final will be comprehensive covering all of the course material About me… • BSc 1990 – University of Guelph • MSc 1991, PhD 1996 – University of Toronto, Dept of Physiology • Fellowships: – 1996-1998 Stanford University – 1998-2001 The Hospital for Sick Children • Professor at UTSC since July 2001 About me.. • Research Interests – Neurophysiology – Synaptic Transmission – Neuromuscular development I use fruit flies as a model system to study the molecular mechanisms used in neural function and development Course Goals: • Understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to nerve, muscle, and endocrine function • Understand the cellular basis for higher order physiological systems • Appreciate the experimental foundations of physiological knowledge Teaching Philosophy • organize material • explain (hopefully) why it is interesting • Present a model for how to learn the material • But it is up to you to learn it! Mamalian Physiology • Major Course Topics – Neurophysiology – Muscle Physiology – Endocrinology • Why these three? – Together these systems sense and respond to the environment Physiology • Physiology – the branch of biology that studies how living things function, especially with respect to the physical and chemical phenomena that are used. • THAT MEANS… – A little physics, a little chemistry, a little anatomy… Physiology • Asks fundamental questions about how things work – My emphasis is on the cellular level Intro to Cellular Physiology Intro to Cellular Physiology • The cellular plasma membrane – Composed of phospholipids & proteins – Selectively permeable barrier •Lets essential molecules IN •Lets waste products OUT •Maintains cell integrity Permeability of pure phospholipid Gases O2,CO2 Ethanol H20 Ions : Na+, K+, Ca2+ Sugars: Glucose Amino Acids ATP Phospholipid bilayer Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 1A 1B ATP-powered pump Transporters out in ATP ADP + Pi A Uniporter B Symporter C Antiporter Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 2 Membrane voltage ligand Ion Channels + + - + closed A Voltage -gated open open closed B Ligand -gated Membrane Proteins Mediate Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 3 G-Protein Coupled Receptors Signal transduction Transmembrane Protein Example 1. ATP-powered pump • Na+/K+ pump 2. Transporters • Glucose Transporter 3. Voltage-gated ion channel • Na+ channel, K+ channel 4. Ligand-gated ion channel • Neurotransmitter receptor 5. G-protein couple receptor • Neurotransmitter & Hormone receptors Distinctions 1. Pumps and transporters • basal cell function 2. Ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors • excitation and inhibition of cell function Question from 2002 final exam • Identify three major groups of transmembrane proteins discussed in class, indicate how they function, and give examples of how they act to stimulate and inhibit cellular physiology. • Next Lecture – Introduction to Nervous System • Organization of the nervous system • The neuron