Presentation on Pumps By G.MURALIKRISHNA EE(E) BSNL ED-1 An Overview  Types of Pumps  Features of various Pumps  Selection of pumps  Performance Calculation  Flow control strategies  Energy saving measures in Pumps Types of Pumps  Dynamic Pumps • Centrifugal • Special effect pumps  Displacement Pumps • Rotary • Reciprocating Order of Preference  Centrifugal  Rotary  Reciprocating Pumps Used in Building Services  Sump Pumps • Monobloc  Bore well Pumps • Submersible Pumps • Jet Pumps Centrifugal Pumps  Very simple design  Two main parts are the impeller and the diffuser  Impellers • Bronze • poly carbonate • cast iron  stainless steel Pressure developed by the Pump  depends upon • • • • Impeller dia No.of impellers size of the impeller eye shaft speed Size of the pump  Depends on • Head • Capacity Advantages of centrifugal Pump  Very efficient  Produce smooth and even flow  Reliable with good service life Disadvantages  Loss of priming easily  Efficiency depends upon operating design head & speed. Submersible Pumps  Centrifugal pump closely coupled with motor  Does not require long drive shaft  Motor operates at a cooler temperature.  Noiseless operation.  High efficiency  Smooth and even flow  In case of repair full pump to be removed. Jet Pumps  Combination of a surface centrifugal pump, nozzle and venturi arrangement.  Used in small dia bore wells.  Simple design  Low purchase and maintenance cost.  Easy accessibility to all moving parts.  Low efficiency. DSM measures to reduce consumption in pumps Demand side management measures  Use of friction less foot valve.  Use of HDPE pipes  Use of appropriate capacitor.  Use of higher size suction pipe compared to delivery pipe. Pump Performance calculation  Overall Efficiency = Hydraulic power ( P2) X 100/ Power input ( P1)  Pump efficiency. = Hydraulic power ( P2) X 100/ Power input to pump shaft ( P3)  Hydraulic Power ( P2) = Q X Total Head ( hd hs ) X p X g / 1000  Q = discharge in m³/s  p = density of fluid in kg/ m³  g = acceleration due to gravity ( m/s²)  P1 = 1.732 X V X I X pf  P3 = P1 X eff.of motor. Key Parameter for determining efficiency  Flow  Head  Power Flow Measurement Techniques     Tracer Method Ultrasonic flow measurement Tank filling method Installation of online flow meter Determination of total head  Suction head • measured from pump inlet pressure gauge reading  Discharge head • This is taken from the pump discharge side Pr. gauge Typical name plate details of pump  Pumps: (Monoblock Pumps used for Drinking water) • • • • • Sl.No ITEM 1 Make 2 Capa hp/kW 3 Pipe sizes S/D 4 Head Pump1 Pump2 Beacon Beacon 5 (3.7) 5 (3.7) 65/50 mm 65/50 mm 25 m 25 m Typical name plate details of pump • 5 Discharge • 6 Amps • 7Overall Efficiency 8 L/s 8 47% 8 L/s 8 47 % Typical performance calculations  PUMP EFFICIENCY CALCULATION SHEET  SL.NO. ITEM Pump1 Pump2 Units  1 Voltage 406 407 volts  2 Current 6.0 6.6 amps 3 P.F 0.83  4 Power input 3.5 0.82 3.48 KW Typical performance calculations 5 6 7 8 9 Dis. Head 22.2 Suc.Head 2.2 discharge 8 Hyd.Power 1.57 Pump Effi. 44.85 22.2 m 2.2 m 8 L/s 1.57 KW 45.10 Typical observations/ Recommendations 1. Replace the existing discharge line with the 50 mm dia pipes to reduce the friction losses.  2. Provide water level switch to switch off the pump sets as soon as the Tank is filled.  3. Replace the existing pump sets with high efficiency pump sets.  Factors to be considered from user side  Size pump correctly  Operate close to the best efficiency point.  Size all piping and valves correctly  Avoid all leakages. Flow control Strategies  Varying speed  Pumps in parallel  stop/start control  Flow control valve  By pass control valve  Trimming impeller  Use of VFDS Energy conservation opportunities in pumping  Operate pump near best efficiency point.  Replace old pumps by energy efficient pumps  Reduce system resistance by pressure drop assessment and pipe size optimization.  Provide booster pump for few areas of higher head. Energy conservation opportunities in pumping  Conduct water balance to minimize water consumption.  Ensure availability of instruments like pressure gauges, flow meters.  Repair seals and packing to minimize water loss.  Avoid valves in discharge side as far as possible.  Operate pumpset during non-peak hours. Thank You