How Natural Disasters Impact the Environment
How Natural Disasters Impact the Environment Can you name some natural disasters? •Earthquakes •Hurricanes •Lightning •Fire •Tsunami •Tornados •Volcanoes •Blizzards •Floods •Heat •Drought What You’ll Learn During this PowerPoint you are going to about 11 natural disasters. You will see some statistical information about how each disaster impacts man. Afterwards, you’ll be a researcher to learn how natural disasters affect the environment. Earthquake A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress collected along faults or by volcanic activity Earthquake Statistics http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqstats.html Earthquake Video http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/environmentnatural-disasters/earthquakes/earthquake-101.html Richter Earthquake Magnitudes Effects Less than 3.5 3.5-5.4 Under 6.0 6.1-6.9 7.0-7.9 8 or greater Generally not felt, but recorded. Often felt, but rarely causes damage. At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. Can cause major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small regions. Can be destructive in areas up to about 100 kilometers across where people live. Major earthquake. Can cause serious damage over larger areas. Great earthquake. Can cause serious damage in areas several hundred kilometers across. Frequency of Occurrence of Earthquakes Magnitude Average Annually 8 and higher 1 7 - 7.9 17 6 - 6.9 134 5 - 5.9 1319 4 - 4.9 13,000 3 - 3.9 130,000 2 - 2.9 1,300,000 (estimated) (estimated) (estimated) Number of Earthquakes in the United States for 2000 - 2009 Magnitude 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 8.0 to 9.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.0 to 7.9 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 6.0 to 6.9 6 5 4 7 2 4 7 9 9 2 5.0 to 5.9 63 41 63 54 25 47 51 72 85 26 4.0 to 4.9 281 290 536 541 284 345 346 366 432 172 3.0 to 3.9 917 842 1535 1303 1362 1475 1213 1137 1485 745 2.0 to 2.9 660 646 1228 704 1336 1738 1145 1173 1579 1199 1.0 to 1.9 0 2 2 2 1 2 7 11 14 12 0.1 to 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 No Magnitude 415 434 507 333 540 73 13 22 20 10 Total 2342 2261 3876 2946 3550 3685 2783 2791 3624 2167 Estimated Deaths 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . Worldwide Earthquake Related Deaths for 2000 - 2009 Estimated Deaths 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 231 21357 1685 33819 228802 82364 6605 712 88011 369 Hurricane If winds reach 74 mph, then they are called: "hurricane" (the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E) "typhoon" (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline) "severe tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E) "severe cyclonic storm" (the North Indian Ocean) "tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Indian Ocean) Hurricane Statistics http://www.mthurricane.com/Information.htm Top 10 Deadliest Hurricanes (Atlantic) Rank Hurricane Name Year Category Deaths 1 Texas (Galveston) 1900 4 8000 2 FL (Lake Okeechobee) 1928 4 1836 3 Hurricane Katrina 2005 3 1500 4 Florida Keys 1919 4 600 5 New England 1938 3 600 6 Florida Keys (Labor Day) 1935 5 408 7 Audrey 1957 4 390 8 NE United States 1944 3 390 9 LA (Grand Isle) 1909 4 350 10 LA (New Orleans) 1915 4 275 Most Expensive Hurricanes (Atlantic) Rank Hurricane Name Year Category Damage (U.S.) 1 Hurricane Katrina 2005 3 $81,000,000,000 2 Hurricane Andrew 1992 5 $26,500,000,000 3 Hurricane Wilma 2005 3 $20,600,000,000 4 Hurricane Ike 2008 2 $18,000,000,000 5 Hurricane Charley 2004 4 $15,000,000,000 6 Hurricane Ivan 2004 3 $14,200,000,000 7 Hurricane Rita 2005 3 $11,300,000,000 8 Hurricane Frances 2004 2 $8,900,000,000 9 Hurricane Hugo 1989 4 $7,000,000,000 10 Hurricane Jeanne 2004 3 $6,900,000,000 11 Tropical Storm Allison 2001 T.S. $5,000,000,000 12 Hurricane Floyd 1999 2 $4,500,000,000 Note: Damages are listed in US dollars and are not adjusted for inflation. Lightning a brilliant electric spark discharge in the atmosphere, occurring within a thundercloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground Lightning Statistics http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/fatalities.htm Lightening Fatalities in 2009 No. Date Day State 1 3/15 Sun TX 2 4/25 Sat 3 5/6 4 City Age Sex Location Activity Victim Port Aransas 63 M On beach Walking to vehicle Stan Grassel KS Perry 45 M Highway Riding motorcycle Troy Gentzler Wed MN St. Cloud 42 M Back yard Yard work Chad Giroux 5/16 Sat MS Yazoo County 16 M Corn field 5 6/3 Wed CA Fontana 40 F Under tree Walking to bus Tina Marie Bond 6 6/3 Wed VA Fredericksburg 12 M Ball field Playing baseball Chelal Matos 7 6/3 Wed TX Crystal Beach 33 M Beach Jogging Isaias Lara-Matinez 8 6/3 Wed CA Portola 70 F Near tree Yard work MaryAnn Heald 9 6/5 Fri CO Evans 21 M Open field Walking Efrain TrevizoMolina 10 6/8 Mon FL Coral Springs 53 M In yard Trimming grass Dessalines Oleus 11 6/8 Mon NC Fairview 65 M In field Clearing brush Donald Michael Lynch 12 6/10 Wed KY Shelbyville 44 M Under tree Waiting for car ride Brian Larsh 13 6/11 Thu IN Indianapolis 10 M Near tree Camping, going to car Jeremiah Miller 14 6/11 Thu FL Sebring 32 M Near tree Golfing Pierre Hyppolite 15 6/17 Wed MO Columbia 23 F Open Field Fishing Georgette Tillett 16 6/27 Sat PR Moca 43 M Outside Home Cutting lawn Antonio Cruz Mangual 17 7/1 Wed MA Orleans 41 M Boat Shellfishing Christopher West Andrew Williams Fire a burning mass of material Fire Statistics http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/statistics/ The Overall Fire Picture - 2007 There were 3,430 civilians that lost their lives as the result of fire. There were 17,675 civilian injuries that occurred as the result of fire. There were 118 firefighters killed while on duty. Fire killed more Americans than all natural disasters combined. 84 percent of all civilian fire deaths occurred in residences. There were an estimated 1.6 million fires in 2007. Direct property loss due to fires was estimated at $14.6 billion. An estimated 32,500 intentionally set structure fires resulted in 295 civilian deaths. Intentionally set structure fires resulted in an estimated $733 million in property damage. Tsunami an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption Tsunami Statistics http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/tsustats.pdf Damaging Tsunamis vs Non-damaging Tsunamis - Worldwide Volcano a vent in the earth's crust through which lava, steam, ashes, etc., are expelled, either continuously or at irregular intervals Volcano Statistics http://www.epicdisasters.com/index.php/site/comments/the_worlds_worst_volcanic_eruptions/ Deadliest Volcanic Eruptions Location Date Death Toll Mt. Tambora, Indonesia April 10 - 15, 1816 92,000 Mt. Pelee, West Indies April 25 - May 8, 1902 40,000 Mt. Krakatoa, Indonesia August 26 - 28, 1883 36,000 Nevado del Ruiz, Columbia November 13, 1985 23,000 Mt. Unzen, Japan 1792 12,000 - 15,000 Mt. Vesuvius, Italy April 24, AD 79 10,000+ The Laki Volcanic System, June 8, 1783 - February Iceland 1784 9350 Blizzard A violent snowstorm with winds blowing at a minimum speed of 35 miles per hour and visibility of less than one-quarter mile for three hours Top Blizzards in US http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0886098.html http://nsidc.org/snow/blizzard/storms.html Top 10 Deadliest Blizzards Death Toll Event Location Date 4,000 Iran Blizzard Iran 1972 1,337 2008 Afghanistan blizzard Afghanistan 2008 400 Great Blizzard of 1888 United States 1888 318 1993 North American Storm Complex United States 1993 235 Schoolhouse Blizzard United States 1888 199 Hakkōda Mountains incident Japan 1902 144 Armistice Day Blizzard United States 1940 133 2008 Chinese winter storms China 2008 112 1995 Kazakh Blizzard Kazakhstan 1995 54 Blizzard of 1978 United States 1978 Flood A temporary rise of the water level, as in a river or lake or along a seacoast, resulting in its spilling over and out of its natural or artificial confines onto land that is normally dry. Floods are usually caused by excessive runoff from precipitation or snowmelt, or by coastal storm surges or other tidal phenomena. Flood Statistics http://www.floodsafety.com/national/life/statistics.htm Top 10 deadliest floods and landslides Death Toll Event Location Date 2,500,000–3,700,000 1931 China floods China 1931 900,000–2,000,000 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 1887 500,000–700,000 1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood China 1938 231,000 Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina. Approximately 86,000 people died from flooding and another 145,000 died during subsequent disease. China 1975 145,000 1935 Yangtze river flood China 1935 more than 100,000 St. Felix's Flood, storm surge Netherlands 1530 100,000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam 1971 100,000 1911 Yangtze river flood China 1911 50,000–80,000 St. Lucia's flood, storm surge Netherlands 1287 60,000 North Sea flood, storm surge Netherlands 1212 Tornado A violently rotating column of air extending from a cumulonimbus cloud to the Earth, ranging in width from a few meters to more than a kilometer and whirling at speeds between 40 and 316 mi per hour. Tornado Statistics http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/online/monthly/newm.html Latest U.S. Tornado Statistics 2006 2007 2008 2009 Three Year Average Number of Tornados 1103 1098 1691 1053 1297 Number of Tornado Related Deaths 67 81 126 21 91 Number of Killer Tornados 25 26 37 9 29 Drought A long period of abnormally low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions. Statistical Information http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/drought/drght_alleve.html Drought Facts The cost of losses due to drought in the United States averages $6-8 billion every year, but range as high as $39 billion for the three year drought of 1987-1989, which was the most costly natural disaster documented in U.S. history. The two major droughts of the 20th century, the 1930s Dust Bowl drought and the 1950s drought, lasted five to seven years and covered large areas of the continental U.S. Top 10 Droughts Reported Economic Damages Disaster Date Cost China P Rep Australia Spain 1994 1981 1990 13,755,200,000 6,000,000,000 4,500,000,000 United States Iran Islam Rep Spain China P Rep 2002 1999 1999 2006 3,300,000,000 3,300,000,000 3,200,000,000 2,910,000,000 Zimbabwe Australia 1981 2002 2,500,000,000 2,000,000,000 Brazil 2004 1,650,000,000 Heat Wave an air mass of high temperature covering an extended area and moving relatively slowly a period of abnormally hot and usually humid Statistical Information http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hazards/statistics/?hid=63 Top 10 Heat Waves reported based on Number of People Killed Disaster Italy France Spain Germany Portugal India France United States India Belgium Date 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 1998 2006 1980 2003 2003 Killed 20,089 19,490 15,090 9,355 2,696 2,541 1,388 1,260 1,210 1,175 Top 10 Heat Waves reported based on Economic Damages Disaster Date Cost France 2003 4,400,000,000 Italy 2003 4,400,000,000 United States 1998 4,275,000,000 United States 1980 2,000,000,000 United States 1986 1,750,000,000 Germany 2003 1,650,000,000 United States 1999 1,000,000,000 Spain 2003 880,000,000 India 2003 400,000,000 Switzerland 2003 280,000,000 Austria 2003 280,000,000 Which disasters are the worst? In the next two sides you will see the 10 'Worst' Natural Disasters as decided by expert David Crossley, Professor of Geophysics. 10 'Worst' Natural Disasters The October 8, 2005 magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Pakistan Hurricane Katrina Volcanic Eruption - Nevado del Ruiz (Columbia) in 1985 1976 earthquake magnitude 8 Tangshan event in China Indonesia Volcanic Eruptions – Tambora volcano of 1815 & Krakatoa explosion in 1883 10 'Worst' Natural Disasters New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-12 in southern Missouri 1737 Calcutta, India typhoon Santorini volcanic explosion around 1500 B.C. major global paleoclimate event that happened around 3000B.C. mass extinction during the CretaceousTertiary Stratigraphic Boundary, 65 million years ago U.S. Weather Fatalities Top 10 Deadliest Natural Disasters Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_by_death_toll Rank Event Location Date Death Toll (Estimate) 1. 1931 China floods China July-Nov, 1931 1,000,000– 4,000,000 2. 1887 Yellow River flood China Sept-Oct 1887 900,000– 2,000,000 3. 1556 Shaanxi earthquake Shaanxi Province, China Jan 23, 1556 830,000 4. 1970 Bhola cyclone Bangladesh Nov 13, 1970 500,000 5. 1839 India Cyclone India Nov 25, 1839 300,000 6. 526 Antioch earthquake Antioch, Byzantine Empire May 20, 526 250,000 7. 1976 Tangshan earthquake Tangshan, Hebei, China July 28, 1976 242,000 8. 1920 Haiyuan earthquake Haiyuan, Ningxia-Gansu, China Dec 26, 1920 240,000 9. 1975 Banqiao Dam flood Zhumadian, Henan Province, China Aug 7, 1975 90,000– 230,000 10. 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake/tsunami Indian Ocean Dec 26, 2004 229,866 Your Findings How Earthquakes Impact the Environment collapsing buildings property damage mud slides fires floods tsunamis loss of power How Hurricanes Impact the Environment erosion houses, buildings, and other structures destroyed heavy flooding of inland areas tornadoes loss of power contaminated water supply How Lightning Impacts the Environment fire loss of power How Fire Impacts the Environment houses, buildings, and other structures destroyed loss of habitat How Tsunamis Impact the Environment houses, buildings, and other structures destroyed loss of power erosion fresh water contaminated How Volcanic Eruptions Impact the Environment houses, buildings, and other structures destroyed fires toxic gases released into the atmosphere Carbon dioxide emitted from volcanoes adds to the natural greenhouse effect. loss of habitat How Blizzards Impact the Environment flooding when snows melt trees fall power outages hypothermia How Flooding Impacts the Environment disease loss of habitat houses, buildings, and other structures destroyed household wastes get into the water system power outages How Tornadoes Impacts the Environment Tornadoes could hit hazardous or toxic materials which could carried by a thunderstorm and then transported along ways down stream. could transport certain types of small animals and plants across the land destroys topsoil and crops How Drought Impacts the Environment young trees die dried up lakes and other water sources loss of livestock and crops People use more fuel during droughts. losses or destruction of fish and wildlife habitat lack of food and drinking water for wild animals increase in disease in wild animals, because of reduced food and water supplies migration of wild animals, leading to a loss of wildlife in some (drought-stricken) areas and too many wildlife in areas not affected by drought increased stress on endangered species lower water levels in reservoirs, lakes, and ponds loss of wetlands more fires wind and water erosion of soils, reduced soil quality Information from http://drought.unl.edu/kids/impacts/affects.htm
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