Objectives 0 Students will explain that atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are composed of subatomic particles. 0 Students will analyze models of the scientific theory of atoms. 0 Students will analyze models and describe the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and/or gasses. Agenda 0 Bell Ringer 0 Atoms PowerPoint 0 Interactive Notebook Notes 0 Think-Pair-Share 0 Brain Pop: Atomic Theory 0 Gallery Walk Activity 0 Independent Practice Atoms 0 Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of atoms. 0 Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They make up everything around us; Your desk, the board, your body, everything is made of atoms! 0 Atoms are too small to see without powerful microscopes. Atomic Structure There are two basic components in every atom: Electron Cloud Nucleus Subatomic Particles Three subatomic particles make up every atom: Subatomic Particle Charge Location Proton Positive (+) Nucleus or “Core” Neutron No Charge (0) Nucleus or “Core” Electron Negative (-) Electron Cloud Subatomic Particles Electron Cloud: • Electrons orbit the nucleus. Nucleus or “Core”: • Protons and Neutrons are found in the nucleus. Atomic Theory Changes over time… Atomic Theory 0 Because we can not see atoms, we use models to teach and learn about atoms. 0 The atomic theory has changed over time as new technologies have become available. 0 Remember: Scientific knowledge builds on past research and experimentation. Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist John Dalton Information All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are too small to see, indivisible and indestructible. All atoms of a given element are identical. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist J.J Thompson Information Discovered the negative electron, and predicted that there also must be a positive particle to hold the electrons in place. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Ernest Rutherford Discovered the nucleus of an atom and named the positive particles in the nucleus “protons”. Concluded that electrons are scattered in empty space around the nucleus. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Model Neutrons James Chadwick Discovered that neutrons were also located in the nucleus of an atoms and that they contain no charge. Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Neils Bohr Information Concluded that electrons are located in planet-like orbits around the nucleus in certain energy levels. Model Scientist (Many Scientists!) The Modern Atomic Theory Information Electrons do not orbit the nucleus in neat planet-like orbits but move at high speeds in an electron cloud around the nucleus. Model Think-Pair-Share! Take a minute to read the essential question as I read it aloud: “How and why has the Atomic Theory changed over time?” After you have jotted down your notes in the space on your guided notes, exchange your thoughts with your partner. We will have share-outs and discuss the answer. http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/atom icmodel/ Three states of matter At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states. solid 1 19ofof20 25 liquid gas © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004 Solids 0 The particles in a solid are very tightly packed and vibrate in place. 0 Solids have a definite volume and shape. Particles in a solid – animation 1 22ofof20 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004 Liquids 0 The particles in a liquid are close together but can move and flow past one another. 0 Liquids have a definite volume but they do not have a definite shape. This is why liquids like water take the shape of the container they are in. Picture was taken at the exact moment these water balloons were popped! Particles in a liquid – animation 1 24ofof20 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004 Gases 0 Particles in a gas have higher amounts of energy than those in a solid or liquid. 0 Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. When placed in a container, it fills up the entire container and spreads out as far as possible. Particles in a gas – animation 1 26ofof20 25 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 2004 Molecular Motion Adding heat Removing heat In your groups, you will rotate clockwise after 4 minutes through the 5 stations. You will write all information on the Gallery Walk handout.  Stay with your group at all times.  Do not move ahead or go back, wait for the timer to move.  You may discuss possible answers with your group members.  Raise your hand if you need assistance after you have asked your group members. Independent Practice