GNSS ionosphere research activities at FCT/UNESP João Francisgo Galera Monico, Paulo De Oliveira Camargo FCT/UNESP - Presidente Prudente, SP. Outline • Introduction • Developments on GNSS/Ionosphere – Brazilian Ionospheric Model • Mod_ION • Mod_ION_FK/IG • Rinex_HO • GNSS demands in Brazil • CIGALA & CALIBRA Projects • Final Comments Ionosphere and GNSS • Ionospheric effects (delay and frequency dispersion & phase scintillation and amplitude fading) are one of the main barriers to achieve high accuracy GNSS positioning and navigation. • It affects the quality of positioning and navigation: PPP, relative carrier phase based positioning, DGNSS, GBAS and SBAS, mainly for users of one frequency receiver. • Measurements made on two different frequencies allow the correction of the first order ionospheric delay by means of the widely used ionospheric-free linear combination (2nd order still has to be corrected). Ionosphere and GNSS • Effects as ionospheric scintillations, may cause problems such as: – signal power fading, – phase cycle slips, – receiver loss of lock, etc., • Such effects degrade the position quality provided by the satellite navigation systems (GNSS). This problem is still to be solved ! Developments on GNSS/Ionosphere at FCT/UNESP • A Ion-model based on GNSS data has been under development since 1997; – Mod_Ion (in-house iono model) initially generated coefficients for L1 users (Camargo et al., 2000) • Mod_Ion expanded to generate Ionex files and Ionospheric maps from Brazilian GNSS data • Real time: Mod_Ion_FK to generate the biases and a IG with respective GIVE are provided (Aguiar 2010). MOD_Ion - Fundamental (GPS & GLONASS) TEC i F VTEC TEC s s TEC (P P ) + F [(S -S ) + (R -R ) ] + F P 21 i p2 p1 p2 p1 r i cos(zs ) r s 2r s 1r Fi f 2i2 /(f1i2 f 2i2 ) VTEC a1 a 2 B s n 4 {a jcos(i i 1 j 2i 1 F(P P ) SF (a1 a 2 B s 2 s 1 r s r s m4 {a cos(i i 1 j 2i 10 j h ) a j1 sin(i h )} a n*23h s s n 4 {a cos(i i 1 j 2i 1 j s m4 i 1 j 2i 10 {a jcos(i Bs ) a j1 sin(i Bs )} h s ) a j1 sin(i h s )} a n*23h s Bs ) a j1 sin(i Bs )} F(R P2 R P1 )r F(SsP2 SsP1 ) FP21. Mod_Ion with inequality equation • Problem: at some situations, even with calibrated equipments, negative values of TEC may be obtained. • One solution: to apply inequality equation as follows: VTEC a1 a 2 Bs a n*23h s n 4 i 1 j 2i 1 {a jcos(i h s ) a j1 sin(i h s )} m4 i 1 j 2i 10 {a jcos(i Bs ) a j1 sin(i Bs )} 0 GNSS Ionospheric Products Mapa do VTEC - 06/10/2001 - 01:00 UT • TEC Maps 5 140 0 130 110 -5 100 90 -10 80 70 -15 60 50 -20 40 30 -25 20 10 0 -30 -35 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 Longitude Geográfica (graus) -40 -35 -30 + Estações GPS da RBMC VTEC (x 10E+16 el/m2) Latitude Geográfica (graus) 120 Mod_ION_FK/IG (Aguiar, 2010) Kalman Filter ALDAR Ionosphere Model: Polynomial Function Coeficients: dss and drr dss, drr Ionosphere Monitoring VTEC, ROT, IPP BNC Real time ionosphere maps GMT IG & GIVE Mod_ION_FK/IG Kalman Filter ALDAR Ionosphere Model: Polynomial Function Coeficients: dss and drr dss, drr Ionosphere Monitoring VTEC, ROT, IPP BNC Real time ionosphere maps GMT IG & GIVE Grid Maps and GIVE/ Brazil •November 22, 2009; •Real time processing; •29 NTRIP stations. L1 Ionospheric Delay (m) GIVE IONEX Files 2nd and 3rd order Ionosphere corrections • In-house software was developed (RINEX_HO) • GPS Solutions, Online First: 21 April 2011, DOI: 10.1007/s10291-011-0220-1, "RINEX_HO: second- and third-order ionospheric corrections for RINEX observation files" by H. A. Marques, J. F. G. Monico and M. Aquino 2nd and 3rd order Ionosphere corrections • The earth’s magnetic field – Dipolar Approximation – International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model (IGRF11 model) – Corrected Geomagnetic Model from PIM (Parameterized Ionospheric Model) • TEC – From raw pseudoranges, from pseudoranges smoothed by phase, or from Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM). 2nd order Ionosphere corrections Dipolar – IGRF and Differences Ionosphere irregularities Index (Fp ) RECIFE/PE – RECF (28/10/2003) Ionosphere irregularities Index (Fp ) Estação RECIFE/PE – RECF (21/11/2007) GNSS demands in Brazil Off shore applications Air Navigation Positioning in general Precision agriculture Rural Cadastre (50 cm or better – 1 sigma) …. PA in Brazil is demanding 24 hours RTK service Concerning Air Navigation, Brazilian authorities decided to invest in GBAS instead of SBAS. A system from Honeywell Aerospace is under certification at Rio de Janeiro Airport (Galeão). (Cosendey presentation on Nov 09). Challenges for such GNSS applications Ionospheric Scintillation! CIGALA Project “Concept for Ionospheric scintillation mitiGAtion for professional GNSS in Latin America” Goal: Understand the cause and implication of IS disturbances at low latitudes, model their effects and develop mitigations through: – Research of the underlying causes of IS and the development of state-of-the-art models capable of predicting signal propagation and tracking perturbations – Field measurement via the deployment in close collaboration with local academic and industrial partners of multi-frequency multi-constellation Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring (ISM) network – Design and implementation of novel IS mitigation techniques in state-of-the-art GNSS receivers – Field testing the mitigation techniques, leveraging the same partnership as during the measurement campaign. CIGALA partners CIGALA IS Monitoring Network in Brazil Continuous recording of : • Amplitude scintillation index S4 : standard deviation of received power normalized by its mean value • Phase scintillation index σΦ : standard deviation of de-trended carrier phase, with Phi60 its 60” version • TEC (Total Electron Content) • Lock time • Code – Carrier Divergence • Spectral parameters of phase Power Spectral Density: – Spectral slope p – Spectral strength T • Raw high-rate I&Q correlation values (50Hz) IS Monitoring Network in Brazil ISMR Query Tool was developed • 8 ISM stations • Latitudinal and longitudinal distribution over Brazil • Two stations at São José dos Campos (crest of EIA) and Pres. Prudente • Data stored locally and sent to repository at UNESP, Pres. Prudente • Data mirrored at INGV, Rome • Ended on Feb 2012, but the network is still collecting data. CALIBRA PROJECT • A follow up of the CIGALA Project – Countering GNSS high Accuracy applications Limitations due to Ionospheric disturbances in BRAzil Focus on high accuracy GNSS positioning techniques Better than 10cm CIGALA/CALIBRA Network • Stations equipped GNSS receivers PolaRxS-PRO, • Five new stations will be installed for the CALIBRA Project. Final comments • GNSS/Ionosphere developments at FCT/UNESP were presented; • Brazil is a very challenge place for GNSS applications, mainly due to the Ionosphere behavior in the equatorial region; • Several applications have suffered of the effects of such problem (IS); • In the PA and aviation there is a need for more developments and tests; • CIGALA/CALIBRA is collecting data that may provide more data for scientific and operational purposes. More information? http://gege.fct.unesp.br
© Copyright 2024