THE ICEBERG HOW MUCH DO YOU SEE OF AN ICEBERG? THE ICEBERG ONLY 10% OF ANY ICEBERG IS VISIBLE. THE REMAINING 90% IS BELOW SEA LEVEL. THE ICEBERG VISIBLE ABOVE SEA LEVEL 10 % SEA LEVEL INVISIBLE BELOW SEA LEVEL 90 % THE ICEBERG  The Iceberg phenomena is also applicable on human beings … THE ICEBERG KNOWN TO OTHERS KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS UNKNOWN TO OTHERS ATTITUDE SEA LEVEL THE ICEBERG  In other words, THE ICEBERG KNOWN TO OTHERS BEHAVIOR SEA LEVEL UNKNOWN TO OTHERS VALUES – STANDARDS – JUDGMENTS ATTITUDE MOTIVES – ETHICS - BELIEFS WHAT MAKES YOUR LIFE 100% ? Let each letter of the alphabetic has a value equals to it sequence of the alphabetical order: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 S K I L L S 19 11 9 12 12 19 = 82 K N O W L E D G E 11 14 15 23 12 5 4 7 5 = 96 H A R D 8 1 12 4 = 98 = 100 W O R K 23 15 18 11 A T T I T U D E 1 20 20 9 20 21 4 5 THE CAN DO ATTITUDE  You CAN DO everything, but not all at once.  You CAN DO everything, if it’s important enough for you to do.  You CAN DO everything, but you may not be the best at everything.  You CAN DO everything, but there will be limitations.  You CAN DO everything, but you’ll need help. BEST QUOTES ON POSITIVE ATTITUDE  A positive thought is the seed of a positive result.  If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t change it, change your attitude. Don’t complain.  The most significant change in a person’s life is a change of attitude. Right attitudes produce right actions.  If you really want to be happy, nobody can stop you. BEST QUOTES ON POSITIVE ATTITUDE  Whether a glass if half-full or half-empty, depends on the attitude of the person looking at it.  There is a better way for everything. Find it.  A positive attitude is not a destination. It is a way of life.  The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of will. BEST QUOTES ON POSITIVE ATTITUDE  The positive thinker sees the invisible, feels the intangible, and achieves the impossible.  The man with confidence in himself gains the confidence of others.  You will only go as far as you think you can go.  The biggest mistake of all is to avoid situations in which you might make a mistake. BEST QUOTES ON POSITIVE ATTITUDE  A positive attitude is like a magnet for positive results.  Our life is a reflection of our attitudes.  Positive attitudes create a chain reaction of positive thoughts.  Attitude, not aptitude, determines your altitude.  No man fails if he does his best. BEST QUOTES ON POSITIVE ATTITUDE  Sooner or later, those who win are those who think they can.  A creative attitude is the fuel of progress and growth.  Either I will find a way, or I will make one.  Be the change you want to see in this world.  Forgive others and you will be forgiven.  ATTITUDE DETERMINES THE ALTITUDE What is attitude? Opinions, feelings Judgments ATTIITUDE Evaluative statements For example:  I like my job  I choose to avoid him. He is arrogant  Discrimination is wrong.  My work motivates me.  My job is rude. An attitude is a statement that represents an individual's degree of like or dislike for an item. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views of a person, place, thing, or event What is an attitude?  An evaluative statement  Reflects how one feels about something  Attitudes are complex  Understanding properties of attitude Questions to be answered  What are the main components of attitude?  How consistent are attitudes?  Does behaviour always follow from attitude?  What are the major job attitudes?  How are employee attitudes measured?  What is the importance of attitudes to workplace diversity? Attitudes and Change People build up attitudes which fit their needs and values as they perceive them to be Cognitive What a person knows about the situation Affective How the person feels about it COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE Behavioural How the person reacts My supervisor gave promotion to my coworker who deserved it less than me. My supervisor is unfair. I dislike my supervisor I am looking for some other job Negative attitude towards supervisor The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Desire to reduce dissonance • Importance of elements creating dissonance • Degree of individual influence over elements • Rewards involved in dissonance THE FEELINGS OR EMOTIONS TOWARD AN OBJECT COGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS Measuring the A-B Relationship  Recent research indicates that attitudes (A) significantly predict behaviors (B) when moderating variables are taken into account. Moderating Variables • Importance of the attitude • Specificity of the attitude • Accessibility of the attitude • Social pressures on the individual • Direct experience with the attitude Self-Perception Theory Attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred. Types of Attitudes Job Satisfaction A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job. Job Involvement Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth. Organizational Commitment Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization. Types of Attitudes Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being. Employee Engagement An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the organization. An Application: Attitude Surveys Attitude Surveys Eliciting responses from employees through questionnaires about how they feel about their jobs, work groups, supervisors, and the organization. Sample Attitude Survey