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Creating
Killer Posters
in PowerPoint
Poster Definition
A large document that succinctly
communicates the results
of research both
graphically and in print
Purpose
The ideal poster is designed to...
 provide a brief overview of your work
 initiate discussion
 attract attention
 give you something useful to point to as you
discuss your work
Purpose
 stand alone when you're not there to provide
an explanation
 let people know of your particular expertise
 provide a place to set your handouts
Why PowerPoint?
1. Most people have used PowerPoint to create
presentations.
2. PowerPoint is a very user friendly program.
3. Most people have access to PowerPoint.
4. PowerPoint is readily compatible with other
Microsoft programs such as Word, Excel, and
Access.
5. PowerPoint presentations (already created) can
be quickly adapted to a poster.
Getting Started
• Using a template
 http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/cpurrin1/p
ostertemplate.ppt
 http://depts.washington.edu/mphpract/gpsam
ple.ppt
http://www.makesigns.com/SciPosters_Templates.aspx
http://www.posterpresentations.com/html/free_poster_templates.html
Resources
• Text
• Graphics
• Specifications from Venue
Parts
Main parts may include (for example):
 Title
 Introduction
 Overview
 Methods & Materials
 Results
 Discussion of results
 Conclusions
Parts
 Citations
 Acknowledgement of support from others
 Further information
all can be assimilated by
viewers in 10 minutes
Best Poster Award
Getting Feedback
• Create a Rough Draft
• Ask others to review it and give their feedback
• Get comments on:
 Word count, prose style, idea flow, figure
clarity, font size, etc.
• Upload to Flickr.com and ask people to leave
electronic post-its
Printing Your Poster
Contact Imprints: http://imprints.ucsd.edu
ACS Printing: http://acs/print/cplot1.php
Making Your Poster Readable
• Use dark backgrounds sparingly
• Don’t exceed 40 characters/11 words (on
average) width for text boxes
• Avoid blocks of text longer than 5 sentences
Making Your Poster Readable
• Use italics instead of underlining
• Use lots of white space
• Use bullet points wherever appropriate
Suggested Typefaces
 Trebuchet
 Verdana
 Tahoma
 Arial
 Lucida Sans
Text Sizes
• Main Title:
80 pt
• List of authors
60 pt
• Topic Headings
60 pt
• Main Text
32 pt – 36 pt
• Captions
28 pt
• Citations, etc.
24 pt
Let’s Create a Poster
My docs > IC Exercise > poster class > new class text
My docs > IC Exercise > poster class > new poster image
Agreement Between Structural Measures of Glaucoma Progression
using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Topographic Change Analysis
John P. Dunn, Frederick G. Boyd, Peter J. Wiley, Philip J. Roswell, Kevin T. Smith,
Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego
PURPOSE
To investigate agreement for glaucoma progression using
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Topographic Change Analysis
(HRTTCA) and stereoscopic optic disc photography.
Inclusion Criteria
• Open angles.
• Best corrected acuity of 20/40 or better.
• Spherical refraction within ± 5.0 D, and cylinder
correction within ± 3.0 D.
INTRODUCTION
• Confocal scanning laser tomography can be used to produce
a topographic height map of the optic disc and peripapillary
retina with high spatial resolution.
• ≥4 good quality serial 15º HRT images (usually
performed annually) from the study eye (randomly
selected) over a period of ≥4 years.
• A good quality optic disc photograph taken within 3
months of the first HRT, with a later photograph
with a close chronological match to the final HRT.
HRT-TCA-based progressive optic disc changes
Eyes with a cluster of ≥20 super pixels of topographic
change within the disc margin compared with
baseline in 3 consecutive sets of follow-up
images were considered to have confirmed
progression.
• The photograph pair was graded for evidence of
progression. If no progression was detected, it
was assumed that no progression had occurred
earlier to this date.
The Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph Report.
Exclusion Criteria
• Non-glaucomatous secondary causes of elevated
IOP.
•
Other intraocular eye disease.
• Other diseases affecting the visual field.
• Eyes which had undergone a trabeculectomy during the
period of follow-up.
Stereophotograph-based progressive optic disc
changes
• 61 subjects were included. The characteristics of the subjects are
presented in Table 1.
• Agreement for detecting progression by stereophotographs and
HRT-TCA was fair (Kappa = 0.29, SE = 0.11).
• 7 eyes progressed on photographs between baseline and the
ante-penultimate HRT, 6 (86%) of which also showed evidence of
progression on the HRT-TCA (Table 2).
Agreement Analysis
• A second stereophotograph was then matched as
closely as possible to the last HRT date.
• The high spatial resolution of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT;
Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Dossenheim, Germany) allows the regional
variability of measurements to be calculated2,3 which, once known, permits
the detection of a statistically significant change in the same optic disc over
time.
• A recent longitudinal study comparing change detection using HRTTCA and
standard perimetry-based glaucoma change probability analysis in 77 eyes
showed agreement between these techniques of 27% for detecting change.
• Disagreements between the two graders were
resolved either by consensus or by adjudication
by a third experienced grader.
• A stereophotograph was matched to within three
months of the baseline HRT date.
• This has potential advantages over conventional disc photography in terms
of rapid image acquisition, quantitative analysis, and the ability to obtain
highquality images without pupil dilation.1
• Recently, this statistical technique described by Chauhan et al4 has been
incorporated into the HRT. The technique has the advantage that the user is
not required to draw around the disc margin (contour line) and does not rely
on an arbitrary depth for the definition of disc cupping (reference plane).
RESULTS
METHODS
• If progression was detected, a stereophotograph
matched to the ante-penultimate date (i.e., the
latest date at which HRT progression could be
confirmed by 2 subsequent follow-up HRTs), or
close to it, was compared to the baseline
photograph.
• The result of the latter photographic-pair grading was
used to compare with the HRT-TCA result.
• If photographic evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ for
judging whether progression has occurred, the HRT-TCA had a
sensitivity of 86% (95% CI: 56.2 to 100%) and specificity of 70%
(95% CI: 57.3 to 83.5%).
• By recording location of change we were able to compare the
quadrants in which change had occurred. The position of the
areas of change corresponded exactly between HRT-TCA and
photographs in those eyes where the two techniques agreed.
CONCLUSIONS
• HRT is the only instrument that has been available for this period of time
and whose measurements have been consistent despite changes in imaging
technology.
• High sensitivity achieved with HRT-TCA for detection of
glaucomatous progression in eyes that had progressed by
photographs, but specificity was poorer. Low specificity might be
attributable to early detection of progression by HRT-TCA.
• Evidence of glaucomatous optic disc progression was
based on standardized assessment of simultaneous
stereoscopic photographs by two experienced
graders.
HRT detects progressive changes due to glaucoma
Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT)
•
In eyes where both photography and HRT-TCA agreed that
progression had occurred, the quadrants of change corresponded
exactly.
• Concordance between photographs and HRT-TCA of 72%
compared with a previous study that reported 81% concordance.5
Figure 3
• Current study had longer period of follow-up and more patients
with photography and HRT than previous study.
Literature Cited
1. Zangwill LM, Berry CC, Garden V, de Souza Lima M, Weinreb RN. Effect of cataract and pupil size
on image quality with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Arch Ophthalmol1997;115(8):98390.
Quantitatively measuring the three vital structures, cup, rim, and
RNFL, needed to make a complete assessment of glaucoma.
2. Chauhan BC, LeBlanc RP, McCormick TA, Rogers JB. Test-retest variability of topographic
measurements with confocal scanning laser tomography in patients with glaucoma and control
subjects. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;118(1):9-15.
3. Brigatti L, Weitzman M, Caprioli J. Regional test-retest variability of confocal scanning laser
tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 1995;120(4):433-40.
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