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SOUND DEVICES
SOUND DEVICES
A good poem can often be identified by its sound
quality.
1. How do we evaluate sound quality?
Poets use certain devices to create sound within a
poem. We need to analyze the poem to look out
for these devices, indicate the sound produced and
evaluate its effect on the reader.
2. What do poets use to create sound within a
poem?
There are four main devices:
 Alliteration
 Assonance
 Consonance
 Onomatopoeia
3. Purpose of using sound devices
Sound devices are often used for three
main reasons:
To complement or emphasize the
message of the poem.
To create a mood.
To reveal the speaker’s attitude.
ALLITERATION
WHAT IS ALLITERATION?
 Alliteration is the repetition of the same or similar
consonant sounds in words that are close together.
• Alliteration can create a musical effect or help
establish a mood.
Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sound in
two or more neighboring words or syllables.
Here are some examples:
 the wild winds of winter
 Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/otherresources/glossaryofliteracyterms/WhatIsAlliteration.htm
LET’S LOOK AT ANOTHER
EXAMPLE…
WEATHER
Whether the weather be fine
Or whether the weather be not,
Whether the weather be cold
Or whether the weather be hot,
We'll weather the weather
Whatever the weather,
Whether we like it or not.
-- Anonymous
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
ALLITERATION?
The purpose of alliteration is to create a consistent pattern that catches the
mind's eye and focuses attention.
-http://www.techwr-l.com/techwhirl/archives/9810/techwhirl-9810-00362.html
THE RAILROAD TRACKS RAN RIGHT
THROUGH THE CENTER OF TOWN.
Alliteration makes
the reader read
faster, thereby
adding a sense of
speed and intensity
to the sentence.
WriteGuide’s Letter Writing Program
Stan the strong surfer saved several swimmers on Saturday.
Tiny Tommy Thomson takes toy trucks to
Timmy’s on Tuesday.
ALLITERATIVE POEMS TEND TO BE
TONGUE TWISTERS. THEY ARE
WRITTEN FOR THE FUN THEY BRING
WHEN THEY ARE READ!
She sells seashells by the
seashore!
RULES FOR
ALLITERATION
 Proper alliteration is NOT a repetition of letters; it is a repetition of
sound.
 For example, never and knight alliterate because they begin with the
same consonant sound.
 Conversely, even though tin and thank begin with the same letter, they
do not alliterate because they don’t begin with the same consonant
sound.
ALLITERATION IS ALL AROUND US!
Take some time to look around and notice…
IN A STORY OR POETRY…
Fresh Fish
Do you like fresh fish?
It's just fine at Finney's Diner.
Finney also has some fresher
fish
that's fresher and much finer.
But his best fish is his freshest
fish
and Finney says with pride,
"The finest fish at Finney's is
my freshest fish, French-fried!"
"Oh say can you say" Dr. Seuss,
1979
IN SPORTS (SPORTS WRITERS REALLY LOVE
ALLITERATION!)…
ON BILLBOARDS IN ADVERTISING…
ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB…
RESTAURANTS ADVERTISE USING THE HELP OF
ALLITERATION.
PRODUCT ADVERTISING (ANOTHER HUGE
USER OF ALLITERATION)
BRAND NAMES
STORE NAMES
BIG BEARS BITING BERRIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Dirty dogs _____________ in the dirt.
_______________ cats cooking carrots.
Five fish ________________
______________snakes slithering
Red rabbits __________________
___________horses hauling hay
Purple pandas ______________ pictures
Creepy _______________ crawling
Many mice ____________________
Tired ________________ talking
Green gorillas ___________________
___________ whales waiting in the water
SUPER TONGUE TWISTER!
Esau Wood sawed wood. Esau Wood would saw wood. Oh, the wood that Wood
would saw! One day Esau Wood saw a saw saw wood as no other woodsaw Wood
ever saw would saw wood. Of all the woodsaws Wood ever saw saw wood, Wood
never saw a woodsaw that would saw wood like the woodsaw Wood saw would
saw wood. Now Esau Wood saws with that saw he saw saw wood.
EXAMPLES OF TONGUE TWISTERS
 Bertha Bartholomew blew big, blue bubbles.
 Elmer Elwood eluded eleven elderly elephants.
 Lila Ledbetter lugged a lot of little lemons.
 Vicky Vinc viewed a very valuable vase.
 You will :
 Make up two twisters about famous people with whom you are familiar.
 Make up two twisters about popular products you use.
 Make up one twisters about your favorite animal.
 Pick your favorite and illustrate it.
ASSONANCE
A
ASSONANCE
 Repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in stressed
syllables, as in blade and maze.
 Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.
 Vowels = a, e, i, o, u
Lake Fate
Base
(All share the long “a” sound.)
Fade
Assonance
On this green bank, by this soft stream,
We set today the votive stone;
That memory may their deed redeem
When, like our sires, our sons are gone.
from “Concord Hymn” by Ralph Waldo Emerson
ASSONANCE
Examples
 “That solitude which suits abstruser musings” Samuel Taylor Coleridge
“Hear the mellow wedding bells.” — Edgar Allen
Poe
“Dead in da middle of little Italy, little did we
know that we riddled some middle men who
didn't do diddily." – Big Pun
WRITE DOWN THE EXAMPLE OF
ASSONANCE IN EACH OF THE
FOLLOWING:
1. “Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”
- John Masefield
2. “Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”
- William Shakespeare
CONSONANCE
CONSONANCE
 Repetition of similar consonant sounds at the ends of accented
syllables, as in wind and sand.
 Repetition of a consonant sound that is not at the beginning of the
word.
 A consonant is not a vowel.
Consonance refers to fixed consonant but changing vowel sounds. For
example, ‘escaped’ and ‘scooped’, ‘gored’ and ‘groaned’, ‘bestirred’ and
‘stared’.
Consonance
By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world.
from “Concord Hymn” by Ralph Waldo Emerson
EXAMPLE OF CONSONANCE
“Rap rejects my tape deck, ejects projectile” - Fugees
WRITE DOWN ALL ALLITERATION, ASSONANCE,
AND CONSONANCE USED IN THE FOLLOWING
POEM
Nothing Gold Can Stay
by Robert Frost
Nature's first green is gold,
Her hardest hue to hold.
Her early leaf's a flower;
But only so an hour.
Then leaf subsides to leaf.
So Eden sank to grief,
So dawn goes down to day.
Nothing gold can stay
ONOMATOPOEIA
WHAT IS ONOMATOPOEIA?
Onomatopoeia is a sound device where the
poet uses words to imitate real sound.
Onomatopoeia is the use of a word whose
sound imitates or suggests its meaning.
These words help us form mental pictures
about the things, people, or places that are
described.
WATCH VIDEO CLIP FROM
 http://www.watchknowlearn.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=14716&CategoryI
D=2259
Examples
buzz
hiss
roar
woof
bang
pop
sizzle
•thump
•rumble
•Howl
•swish
•twitter
•groan
Onomatopoeia
word that expresses
sound…
Zip,
zoom,
bang,
boom
ONOMATOPOEIA
“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of
each purple curtain . . .”
Yeeeeee Ahhhhhhhh
Swish swish swish
Chug chug chug!!
Glippp Gluppp Gluppp
See how Danielle Caryl used
onomatopoeia in her
poem “Noises” on the
next slide.
NOISES
BY DANIELLE CARYL
The click of the clock, the creak of the stair,
The squeak of a mouse and the swoosh of the air.
The groan of the house as it settles below,
And outside the window, the patter of snow.
The scruff of the dog’s paws below where I rest,
The rattle of the window that seems to face West.
The jingle of bells from a wind chime next door
The unearthly sounds of a truly loud snore.
The crunching of snow under an animal’s feet,
The honk of a horn from right down the street.
So many noises I just want to weep,
Is it too much to ask for some sleep?
ONOMATOPOEIA POEMS
 Camping
 Crack! Crack!
The fire crackles under the
stars.
Sizzle! Sizzle!
The water sizzles above the
fire.
Crunch! Crunch!
The campers crunching on
potato chips.
Click! Clack! Click! Clack!
The tent poles clicking and
clacking together.
Rustle! Rustle!
As we prepare our sleeping
bags to go to sleep.
Chirp! Chirp!
The crickets say, “good-night”.
The Game
Clap! Clap!
Stomp! Stomp!
Swish! Swish!
This is the way we get through
Our games.
The crowd shouts,
”Yahoo!”
The ball soars through the air.
Then, bounce, bounce, bounce.
The audience holds its breath.
SWISH!
The ball goes in;
We win!
http://www.mywordwizard.com/onomatopoeiapoems.html
YOU WILL NOW WRITE ONE
ONOMATOPOEIA POEM.
 Have fun.
 Be creative.
 Add a drawing to complete your poem.
 Make sure to include lots of onomatopoeia words.
 Underline all of your examples of onomatopoeia.
REPETITION
Repetition
Repetition is the repeating of sounds, syllables, words, phrases,
lines and verses that appear in a work.
•As a sound effect, repetition can create rhythm or enhance a
mood or emotional effect.
•Often repetition is used to show urgency or importance.
If only, If only
The ringing of the bells, bells, bells
Repetition
I’ve known rivers:
Ancient, dusky rivers.
My soul has grown
deep like rivers.
from “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” by Langston Hughes
EXAMPLE OF REPETITION
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
From “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost
RHYME
RHYME
 Words sound alike because they
share the same ending vowel and
consonant sounds.
LAMP
STAMP
 Share the short “a” vowel sound
 (A word always rhymes with itself.)
 Share the combined “mp”
consonant sound
TYPES OF RHYME
• end rhyme
• internal rhyme
END RHYME
 Most common rhyme pattern used by poets.
 End words of lines rhyme
 Lines may rhyme by:
1. consecutive lines
2. alternate lines
3. more distant lines
 A single poem may use many variations.
 End rhymes usually follow a regular pattern within a poem,
called its rhyme scheme.
END RHYME
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.
End Rhyme
Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink
Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;
Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink
And rise and sink and rise and sink again . . .
a
b
a
b
from “Sonnet XXX” by Edna St. Vincent Millay
.
WRITE DOWN THE RHYME SCHEME
He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
A
A
A
From “The Eagle” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
WRITE DOWN THE RHYME SCHEME
A
Sunset and evening star,
B
And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar, A
When I put out to sea
B
From “Crossing the Bar” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
INTERNAL RHYME
INTERNAL RHYME
 A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe
Internal Rhyme
Unwarmed by any sunset light
The gray day darkened into night,
A night made hoary with the swarm
And whirl-dance of the blinding storm,
As zigzag, wavering to and fro,
Crossed and recrossed the wingëd snow:
from Snow-Bound: A Winter Idyll by John Greenleaf Whittier
WRITE DOWN THE INTERNAL RHYME
And I had done a hellish thing
And it would work ‘em woe:
For all averred, I had killed the bird
That made the breeze to blow.
Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay,
That made the breeze to blow.
From “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by S. T. Coleridge
RHYTHM
RHYTHM
The beat created by
the sounds of the
words in a poem
Rhythm can be
created by meter,
rhyme, alliteration
and refrain.
RHYTHM
Rhythm refers to the beat, or the pattern of stresses, which occur in
poetry.
For a poem to have rhythm, it has to be read following a pattern with its
syllables. For example:
da, da, dadada da da, da, da, dadada da da,
da, da, dadada da da, da, da, dadada da da.
Usually, we can feel the rhythm best when we read aloud.

We can mark the beats, or stresses and thus, see the pattern built in
by the poet.

Usually, we mark the stresses in a line of poetry with a small sloping
dash above the accented syllable.

EXAMPLE OF RHYTHM
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall
and of all the king’s horses and all of the
King’s men
couldn’t put Humpty Dumpty together
again.
PRACTICE YOUR RHYTHM
Clankity Clankity Clankity Clank!
Ankylosaurus was built like a tank,
Its hide was a fortress as sturdy as steel,
It tended to be an inedible meal.
It was armored in front, it was armored behind,
There wasn’t a thing on its minuscule mind,
It waddled about on its four stubby legs,
Nibbling on plants with a mouthful of pegs.
Ankylosaurus was best left alone,
Its tail was a cudgel of gristle and bone,
Clankity Clankity Clankity Clank!
Ankylosaurus was built like a tank.
By: Jack Prelutsky
MORE RHYTHM PRACTICE
Iguanodon, Iguanodon,
Whatever made you fade,
You’ve traveled on, Iguanodon,
We wish you could have stayed.
Iguanodon, Iguanodon,
We’ve sought you everywhere,
Both here and yon, Iguanodon,
But failed to find you there.
Iguanodon, Iguanodon,
You were a gentle kind,
But now you’re gone, Iguanodon,
And left your bones behind.
By: Jack Prelutsky
METER
METER
A pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables.
When poets write in meter, they count out
the number of stressed (strong) syllables and
unstressed (weak) syllables for each line.
Then they repeat the pattern throughout the
poem.
METER
FOOT - unit of meter.
A foot can have two or three syllables.
Usually consists of one stressed and one or more
unstressed syllables.
Rhythm and Meter
˘ he
´ was
˘ ´always
˘ ´quietly
˘ ´ ˘ arrayed,
´
And
˘ he
´ was
˘ always
´ ˘ ´human
˘ when
´ ˘ he´ talked.
And
from “Richard Cory” by Edwin Arlington Robinson
The End
 http://languagearts.pppst.com/alliteration.html
 mrdmorton.com/powerpoints/Alliteration_Consonance_Assonance.ppt
 http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/figurative-language/poetic-devices/