20 century architecture th
th 20 century architecture De Stijl (style) • • Dutch “The style”, 20th century art movement founded by painter Piet Mondrian who promoted utopian ideals and developed a simplified geometric style Open plan, flat color, geometric rectangular shape (like Mondrian’s paintings) • Mondrian De Stijl architecture: Gerrit Rietveld, Schroder House, Netherlands, 1924 Bauhaus (style) • A school of art and design, promoting unity between architecture, art and design • Like de stijl, bauhaus was rooted in utopian principles • Avoids all embellishments • Simple and geometric Bauhaus Gropius, Shop Block at the Bauhaus, Germany, 19251926 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, model for glass skyscraper, Germany, 1922 International Style • Bauhaus eventually became known as the International Style due to widespread popularity • “machine for living” Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, France, 1929 Art Deco (America) • America embraced Bauhaus, which rejected ornament, but also embraced other styles • Universal term that applies to architecture, interior, furniture, jewelry, fashion etc. • Streamlines, elongated look, symmetrical, simple flat shapes • Chrysler Building has a diminishing fan design, streamlined and flat, popular design in 1920’s William van Alen, Chrysler Building, NY NY 1928-1930 Prairie Style • Associated with Frank Lloyd Wright, who believed architecture was natural and organic • Roofs extend beyond the walls, nonsymmetrical design, interacts with its natural surroundings • Wandering plan, captures the expansive, natural environment Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, 19071909 Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-1939 Modernism • Architecture style that developed after WWII • Concerned with formalism and simplicity • Buildings have intriguing organic sculptural qualities Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum, NY NY 1943-1959 Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut, France, 1950-1955 (mountain top chapel, reflects the shape of praying hands, a doves wing and a ships prow) Saarinen, TWA terminal, Kennedy Airport, NY, NY (design suggests expansive wings, movement and flight) Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Australia, 1959-1972 (clusters of concrete shells, suggest buoyancy of seabird wings, billowing sails on a ship) Minimalist style of modern architecture • Based on bauhaus style less is more • Powerful and heroic looking buildings in an urban landscape • Giant corporate skyscrapers • Sleek, rigid, geometric Mies van der Rohe & Philip Johnson, Seagram Building, NY, 1956-1958 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Sears Tower, Chicago, 1974 PostModernism (style) • A rejection of the conservative style of modernism • More expansive and inclusive in design • Can draw in some inspiration from the past, such as Rome, temple designs etc. Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1976-1980 Philip Johnson & John Burgee, AT&T (now Sony) Building, NY, 1978-1984 (more granite than glass, variation of a classical pediment at the top) Deconstructivism (style) • Disorients the observer • Unstable, imbalance, assymmetry, irregularity Behnisch, Hysolar Institute, Germany, 1987 Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Spain, 1997
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