Forskercup 2015 Deltagere Abstracts – Mundtlige præsentationer Langtids resultater efter avanceret overflade ablation med excimer laser for nærsynethed. Rasmus Søgaard Hansen Medicin, 8. semester [email protected] Indledning: Overflade ablations teknikker er hyppigt brugt til behandling af nærsynethed, men risikoen for post-operative komplikationer er betydelig. Formålet med denne undersøgelse var at sammenligne to nye overflade ablations teknikker, cPRK og LASEK, med henblik på sikkerhed, effektivitet, stabilitet og patient tilfredshed, 60-84 måneder post-operativt for høje grader af nærsynethed. Materialer og metoder Retrospektiv enkel-maskeret follow-up undersøgelse af patienter behandlet for nærsynethed mellem 2007 og 2009 med cPRK eller LASEK, ved hjælp af en excimer laser med eye-tracker (MEL80, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Tyskland). Et øje for hver patient blev tilfældigt udvalgt til analyse. Re-behandlede øjne blev ekskluderet. Resultater: 46 cPRK patienter og 36 LASEK patienter blev inkluderet. Sfærisk equivalent var i gennemsnit -7,69 ± 1,47 dioptri (D) i cPRK øjne og -7,94 ± 2,05 D i LASEK øjne (P=0,37) inden operation. Gennemsnitlig opfølgningstid var 4,6 år i cPRK patienter og 6,0 år i LASEK patienter (p<0,05). Ved den endelige opfølgning, havde ingen cPRK øjne og 2 LASEK øjne (P=0,21) tabt 2 linjer i korrigeret-distance-synsstyrke (CDVA). Arvæv blev fundet i 4 cPRK øjne og 6 LASEK øjne (P=0,44). Ved den sidste opfølgning, var 63% af cPRK øjne og 36% af LASEK øjne (P=0,18) indenfor ±1,0 D af tilsigtede refraktion. Derudover var 100% af cPRK patienter og 92% af LASEK patienter (P=0,87) tilfredse eller meget tilfredse med operationen. Konklusion: Overflade ablation med cPRK og LASEK er sikker, relativ effektiv, og med høj patienttilfredshed 4 til 7 år efter operation for nærsynethed. Use of next-generation sequencing in oral cavity cancer: intra tumour heterogeneity and metastasis Siavosh Tabatabaeifar Medicin, 11. semester [email protected] Background: Oral cavity cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancer which is the world’s 6th most common cancer form. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are primarily attributed by excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco exposure. There is a lack of good tools to provide more accurate prognosis; biomarkers could be such a tool. Methods: Five patients with stage IV OSCC with cervical lymph node involvement were included and 6 samples were collected: One blood sample, 1 sample from clinically healthy tissue, 3 tumour biopsies and 1 lymph node biopsy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on the Illumina HiSeq1500 platform with paired-end 2x100 base-pair reads. Results: Mean sequence coverage of the target regions across all samples was 93.6x with 84 % of bases covered by at least 20x. An average of 479.1 somatic mutations were identified; 44.7 mutations per sample were identified as non-synonymous coding variants or splice site mutations. The analysis of intra tumour heterogeneity and lymph node involvement shows that the different tumour and lymph node specimens in each patient are quite homogenous, but evidence of heterogeneous subpopulations of tumour cells with possible selective advantages in tumour growth and perhaps in drug resistance exists. Conclusions: Use of next generation sequencing in oral cavity cancer can give valuable insight into the biology of the disease. Our results show that the primary tumour exhibits heterogeneous subpopulations with unique alterations, and that lymph node metastasis contain independent mutations which likely represent subpopulations of tumour cells. HUMAN MICROFIBRIL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 4 (MFAP4) IN ASCITES FLUID PREDICT SURVIVAL AND RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CIRRHOSIS Maria Kjærgaard Medicin, 10. semester [email protected] Patients with cirrhosis and ascites are at high risk of death and development of complications to cirrhosis. Biomarkers to make a better risk stratification of these patients are warranted. We therefore investigated two biomarkers in ascites: 1) Human microfibril–associated protein 4 (MFAP4), an extracellular matrix (ECM) associated protein related to ECM turnover, and 2) Surfactant protein D (SP-D) which has a protective role in the innate immune system. We prospectively enrolled 54 patients with verified cirrhosis, who had undergone therapeutic or diagnostic paracentesis that were followed for 12 months or until death. The outcome evaluated where death, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), non-SBP infections and readmissions. MFAP4 and SP-D where measured by ELISA technique. In this cohort neither CP- nor MELD-score were predictors of death or risk of complications. However, in patients with low MFAP4 (≤15 U/ml); 8/16 patients died compared to 10/37 in the group with MFAP4>15 U/ml (P=0.079). Among patients with low MFAP4; 13/16 versus 18/37 patients with MFAP4>15 U/ml developed complications to cirrhosis (P<0.001). In a Cox proportional hazard model including CP- and MELD-score, age, gender, SP-D and MFAP4; low-MFAP4 and gender were the only predictors of complications. Of the four patients with SBP at inclusion, three had low MFAP4 and two died. SP-D was not able to predict survival, nor was it associated with risk of complications. Conclusion: Low MFAP4 in ascites predicts individual 1-year survival and risk of complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites better than standard scoring systems as CP- and MELD-score. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the prognostic accuracy of MFAP4. Do Stress, Health Behavior, and Sleep Mediate the Association between Loneliness and Adverse Health Conditions among Older People? Julie Christiansen Psykologi, 10. Semester [email protected] Prior research has established an association between loneliness and a variety of negative health conditions among older people. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. The Loneliness Model seeks to explain the mechanisms through which chronic loneliness may affect the development of adverse health conditions. The present study was designed to test the explanation proposed by the Loneliness Model. The sample consisted of 8,593 elderly ranging from 65 to 103 years of age participating in the 2013 Danish Public Health Survey “How are you?”. Findings show that loneliness was significantly associated with poor self-rated health, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and migraine. In addition, high perceived stress, physical inactivity, problems with alcohol, and poor sleep had an indirect effect on the association between loneliness and adverse health conditions. These findings lend support to the theoretical mechanisms proposed in the Loneliness Model. Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on the Reactivity of Pericardial Resistance Arteries Katrine Nissen Medicin, 7. Semester [email protected] Background: Adipose tissues (AT) secrete vasoactive hormones. In obesity, the patterns of these adipokines change. We studied effects of perivascular AT (PVAT) on vasomotor responses of resistance arteries from healthy pigs and human cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Methods: Parietal pericardium biopsies were obtained from 9 pigs (local slaughterhouse) and 9 patients (coronary artery bypass and/or valve replacement). Isolated resistance arteries with or without their PVAT were studied in wire myographs. Vessels were contracted with the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 (1nM1μM) or endothelin-1 (ET-1; 62.5 pM-26 nM) and endothelium-dependent relaxations were studied with bradykinin (10pM-1μM) and insulin (100nIE/mL-10mIE/mL). Results: Pig pericardial microvessels surrounded with PVAT were 5 fold less sensitive to U46619 (P=0.0018) compared to vessels denuded of PVAT. Their sensitivity to ET-1 tended to be reduced (P=0.06) and their maximal contractile responses to the peptide were significantly reduced (P=0.036) by PVAT. No statistically significant effects of PVAT were found in patient resistance arteries. PVAT did not affect endotheliumdependent relaxations in pig and patient arteries. Conclusion: Pig PVAT reduces contractile responses of pericardial arteries in an agonist-dependent fashion. PVAT from CVD patients has no effect on vasoconstriction suggesting that their illness affects either or both the vessel and the PVAT. This is under investigation. Hæmning af glykogen phosphorylase nedsætter Na,K pumpernes funktionsevne på trods af høj ATPkoncentration Rasmus Jensen Idræt og Sundhed, 10. semester [email protected] Introduktion: Vedligeholdese af Na-K homeostasen er afgørende for, at eksitations-kontraktionskoblingen kan fortsætte under gentagne kontraktioner og til dette spiller Na,K-pumperne en nøglerolle. Det er blevet foreslået at glykolytisk ATP er en vigtig energikilde for Na,K-pumperne, og glykogen spiller måske en afgørende rolle i dette. Der er dog aldrig blevet påvist en direkte forbindelse mellem Na,K pumpe-funktionen og glykolytisk flux. Formål: At undersøte betydningen af glykolytisk flux på Na,K-pumpe funktionen under kontraktioner med høj, konstant intracellulær [ATP]. Metode: Mekanisk skinnede enkeltfibre (n=34) blev inkuberet i opløsninger med og uden hæmmer af glykogen phosphorylase (GP, hæmmer: CP) under kontrol- og depolariserede forhold. Ved brug af et parret design blev Na,K-pumpe funktionen undersøgt ved at måle re-aktiveringstiden under dubletstimuleringer med stigende afstand mellem stimuleringerne. Resultater: I fuldt polariserede fibre (kontrol) var re-aktiveringstiden 4 ms, og der var ingen effekt af GP hæmning. I depolariserede fibre steg reaktiveringstiden fra 6 ms til 8 ms ved GP hæmning (p<0.001). Konklusion: Resultaterne viser en vigtig forbindelse mellem glykolytisk flux og re-aktiveringstiden (en kraftig indikation på nedsat Na,K pumpe-funktion). Glykolytisk flux er således vigtig under forhold, hvor Na,K pumpen på forhånd var forventet at være aktiv og vigtig for bevarelsen af muskelfunktionen. Resultaterne støtter desuden hypotesen om en opdelt energiforsyning i fiberen. Math for the Brain-Connectedness in a quantifiable space Eivind Antonsen Segtnan Medicin, 6. semester [email protected] The French polymath Henri Poincaré once stated: “Mathematicians do not study objects, but the relation between objects.“ Cerebral FDG-PET images harbor vast quantifiable biologic information about brain glucose metabolism; however their enigma is yet to be retrieved. One challenge is the accuracy of the absolute numbers, another where to point ones crosshair, as the brain has 89 sub-regions and a 3D PET images can consist of 3,080,192 different points of measurement. To address these challenges we hypothesize that relations between numbers and inclusion of the whole brain might yield the best biologic information and provide a solid methodology. Further, this approach might depict more precisely diaschisis, meaning that a lesion in one place of the brain can affect distant cerebral parenchyma. Consequently, we calculated the ratio of global hemispheric to cerebellar activity, as these are two robust regions of assessment. Analysis was made of FDG-PET images obtained prospectively in 14 glioma patients , examined before and after surgical resection, after radio-chemotherapy and 1 year after baseline. In total 100 hemispheres and correlating cerebellums were assessed with automated software. We found 4 events with a ratio above 5:1 ( Hemisphere/ Cerebellum) , 13 in relation 5:1, 25 in relation 4:1, 52 in relation 3:1, 2 in relation 2:1, 2 in relation 1:1 and 2 in relation 0,5:1 All who survived >1 year had relations of 4:1-3:1, whereas 50% of glioma patients with survival <1 year after diagnosis had ratios above 5:1 or less than 3:1.Thus, a metabolic ratio shift beyond the narrow mean range may indicate global brain trauma and poorer prognosis, whereas further studies are needed to heighten our understanding of global brain pathophysiology. Posters Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke – NESA Henriette Busk, Fysioterapi [email protected] Lopermide vs. placebo’s effect on ileostomy output: A clinical double blinded randomized crossover study Katrine Poulsen, Medicin [email protected] Motiverende samtale som intervention for overvægtige kvinder med polycystisk ovarie syndrom og BMI over 30 kg/m2 - et pilot projekt Lærke Vendelbo Møller, Medicin [email protected] Kan leddegigt og kardiovaskulærsygdom forudsiges i anti-CCP og/eller IgM RF positive patienter med artralgi ved hjælp at PET/CT og kliniske/metaboliske variable (PETRACOR): Et kohorte studie. Stine Bjørn Kristensen, Medicin [email protected] Evaluation of liver disease in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition using fibroscan, shearwave elastography, ultrasonography and serological markers Sofie Hasling Skadegaard, Medicin [email protected] Iodine impregnated incise drapes and bacterial re-colonization in simulated knee surgery. An experimental RCT. Nikolaj Milandt, Medicin [email protected] The clinical value of FDG-PET/CT in bacteraemia of unknown origin: a retrospective study Mette Brøndserud, Medicin [email protected]