Aviation and Flight Educators: Perspectives from Master Instructors and Flight
Instructors of the Year
Michael G. Gaffney - Panel Moderator
Deputy Director of Supply Chain and Logistics
AAR Airlift
Melbourne, FL
http://www.Flightlogics.com
Welcome
• Michael G. Gaffney – Panel Moderator
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2007 National CFI of the Year
2007 NATA Flight Training Excellence recipient
4 Time Master CFI (MCFI)
2 Time Master Ground Instructor (MGI)
FAAST Lead Representative
FAA Production Studio Sound Engineer
AFS-520 TAA Course Designer/SME
Gold Seal CFI
Cirrus CSIP
Cessna CFAI
Quest Kodiak Factory Instructor
Diamond FITS Accepted Instructor
ASA G1000 and ASA Entegra Course Author
Our Panelists
Arlynn McMahon – 2009 National CFI of the Year
Jeffrey Edwards – 2003 National CFI of the Year
Jeffrey Robert “MossY” Moss – 2010 National CFI of the
Year
Panel Agenda
5 mins – Intro/Objectives
Michael Gaffney
10 mins –Teaching
Michael Gaffney
Higher Order Pilot Skills
10 mins – Preparing
Real World Flight Training
Arlynn McMahon
10 mins – Initial/Recurrent CFI Certification
Jeff Edwards
10 mins – Technology
Jeffrey Robert Moss “MossY”
& Syllabus Syndrome
10 mins – Panel Discussion
5 mins – Q&A and
Summary
Mike Gaffney
Objectives
Major Themes of This Panel
• Enhance professionalism of our trade
• Set example for instructional educators
• Raise the bar on instructional quality standards
• Focus on renewed emphasis of scenario based skills
• Enhance the requirements for flight instructor certification
to achieve excellence in our field
• Decrease student dropout rate
• Define standards for TAA instructional “certification”
• Decrease accident rate by increasing effectiveness of
instructional process
Points for Further Discussion in Thursday Breakout
Sessions
How to reverse complacency of many flight Instructors?
Does self-examining authority of “pilot mill” schools create problems?
Deep systems understanding required to teach in a world of complex equipment
Flight Instructors must be taught how to perform their job, not taught to pass a test
 How to measure and ensure quality if we have 90,000+ flight instructors?
Scenario driven instruction must be the focus of all training and eventually, all testing
PTS needs to be a testing tool, not a training tool
A syllabus must be used for training and the student instructor in training needs to be key
to its proliferation in the industry
Student Instructors in training should be taught to do paperwork and logbook entries from
day 1
Some aspects of mentorship and experience accomplishment must be integrated into our
training system so that kids are not teaching kids (inexperience proliferation)
Specific type equipment checkouts and certifications should be achieved in the industry to
ensure that experience is teaching not experimentation.
Current method of initial CFI training and recertification has been designed for convenience
and affordability, not for safety
Contacts
Michael Gaffney – (321)-298-8910
[email protected]
Arlynn McMahon – (859) 983-2709
[email protected]
Jeff Edwards – (314) 308-6719
[email protected]
Jeff Moss – (310) 966-7655
[email protected]
Presentations can be downloaded at
http://www.Flightlogics.com
Aviation and Flight Educators: Perspectives from Master Instructors and Flight
Instructors of the Year
“Teaching Higher Order Pilot Skills”
Michael G. Gaffney - Panel Moderator
Deputy Director of Supply Chain and Logistics
AAR Airlift
Melbourne, FL
http://www.Flightlogics.com
Major Themes
• We must demand professionalism of our students
• We must demand professionalism of ourselves!
• Mastery of technology is only one part of the process of
learning to fly
• What happened to the days of deep system
understanding?
• Button pushing is not a valid level-set for learning TAA
• The CFI certification process has gotten complacent
• Professionals only teaching in advanced cockpits: How
do we tell the difference?
Evolution of General Aviation is well Underway
Many of us were taught to fly in these…
OR
1969 Citabria
1976 Cessna C172
Now we are flying in this…
Or this…
Cirrus with Avidyne Release 9
Or This…
Cirrus with Garmin Perspective
Tale of the GA Training Cockpit
Cockpit Safety starts with the fundamentals of
how we train
Speed Relativity – Base 60 cockpit math
Aircraft Transition Path from Training to Mission Platform
Cessna 122 knots
Can you keep up with the speed
and technology of your mission platform?
Diamond 138 Knots
Fly the aircraft first always,
regardless of the mission
Quest Kodiak 155 Knots
Cirrus 170 Knots
Mooney 170 Knots
Cessna Corvalis 400 225 Knots
Diamond DJet 325 knots
Instructional emphasis
Limited number of hours we have with a student:
Where do we spend our time?
OR
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Pilot and instructor skills must evolve
• Master Automation
Operation
• Disciplined Schooling
• Understand Digital
Appliances
• New Techniques
• Constant evaluation of
options available
• All while never losing
sight of the basics!
Keys to Keeping up with Technology
• Know your equipment- blindfolded
• Diligent training using realistic scenarios
• Develop Aeronautical Decision Making
(ADM) skills
• Approach every operation with Risk
Management in mind
• Single Pilot Resources Management
(SRM)
• Maintain an inclusive Scanflow
• Use all available tools to maintain
situational awareness
The Art of Managing a Busy
Cockpit
“What will Happen?”
Planning
and Contingent
Planning
“What is Happening?”
Situational
Awareness
“What do I do about it?”
Aeronautical
Decision Making
“Go back and modify the plan”
Scanflow cockpit management
Outside the Aircraft
(Traffic and Terrain Avoidance
Chores
(Checklist, engine monitor,
Chart management, passenger
briefings, baby sit autopilot)
Primary Flight Display
(PFD)
(Flight Parameter Adherence)
Multi Function Display
(MFD)
(Electronic Situational Awareness
NEXRAD, Stormscope, Traffic,
Terrain, cabin entertainment)
Conclusion
• Evolution of technology will continue at its
blistering pace
• The pilot and the instructor must maintain
proficiency over the all three aspects of Training;
Flight Skills, Technology Management, and Systems
Understanding
• Safe use of cockpit technology remains an issue of
distraction and complacency management
• Always fly the aircraft first but know your
technology and how it can help you
Aviation and Flight Educators: Perspectives from
Master Instructors and Flight Instructors of the Year
Arlynn McMahon - Panel Member
Preparing CFIs for the Real World
• Arlynn McMahon
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2009 National CFI of the Year
10,000 hours dual given (that’s not total time – that’s dual given)
Recipient, 2010 NATA Excellence in Pilot Training
Author, Train Like You Fly, A Flight Instructor’s Guide to Scenario Based
Training
Published in numerous national magazines and in peer reviewed
journals
Gold Seal and 4 time Master Instructor
Lead FAAST Representative
McDonald’s Big Mac
2 all-beef patties,
special sauce,
lettuce, cheese,
pickles, onions on a
sesame seed bun
What is a Good Instructor
Customer Retention
Accident Rate
Semper Fi
Boy Scout -Eagle
• Requirement 1 -- Be active in your troop for at six months
after you have achieved the rank of Life Scout.
• Requirement 2 -- Demonstrate that you live by the
principles of the Scout Oath in your daily life.
• Requirement 3 -- Earn a total of 21 merit badges.
• Requirement 4 -- While a Life Scout, serve actively for a
period of six months in a position of responsibility.
• Requirement 5 -- Plan, develop, and give leadership to
others in a service project.
• Requirement 6 -- Statement of ambitions and life purpose;
hold Scoutmasters conference.
Other Qualities Needed
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Work Ethic
Business Sense
Respect
Politeness
Stand Up Straight, Smile and a Firm
Handshake
• A student pilot for life
A Challenge
What is your definition of a good instructor?
One that you’d
• Pay $100 per hour for
• Work with
• Hire to work in a fine flight school
Aviation and Flight Educators: Perspectives from
Master Instructors and Flight Instructors of the Year
Jeff Edwards - Panel Member
Welcome
Jeffrey Edwards
• 2003 National Flight Instructor of the Year
• 6 time MCFI
• President/ founder Lancair Owners and Builders Organization
(LOBO)
• Member GA JSC SAT team
• Navy A-6 Bombardier/ Navigator, Navy Aircraft Accident
Investigator/ IIC
• McDonnell Douglas Boeing aircraft accident investigator
• President AvSafe, LLC Aircraft Accident Reconstruction firm
• Conducted over 500 aircraft accident investigations
Flying Never Has and Never Will be
Cheap and Easy!
Initial & Recurrent CFI
Initial
• 40 hours total time to Private
• 250 hours total time to
Commercial
• No additional flight training req’d
for CFI
• Very High Risk activity taught by
mostly inexperienced individuals
Recurrent
• FIRC
16 classroom hours
• Online FIRC—do it in your
bathrobe!
• 8710
• NO Flying Required!
3rd most dangerous occupation in America. Can we make it any easier and
cheaper? Should we? Inexperience Hurts
Experience Gained by Teaching
• Jake
By appointment Comm,
CFIBS-Aviation Mgmnt SIUCarbondale
• Flight Experience: 261 hrs,
15 Dual Given, 50 Inst; 23
ME
Specialty: Single Engine
• Kristy
Available Fri-Sun Comm,
CFI, CFIIBS-Aeronautics
UM-CMSU
• Flight Experience: 350 hrs,
85 Dual Given, 80 Inst; 50
ME
Specialty: Single &
Multiengine; Instrument;
Advanced Ground Inst
Inexperience Hurts
• 37% of all accident pilots had
fewer than 500 total hours*
• 189 accidents during instructional
flights in 2007
• 50% of all accidents occur to
Private Pilots who operate less
than 33% of the total hours
*from AOPA ASF Nall report 2003
Where Does This End Up?
In flying I have learned that carelessness and overconfidence are usually far more
dangerous than deliberately accepted risks.
— Wilbur Wright in a letter to his father, September 1900.
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I learned that danger is relative, and the inexperience can be a magnifying glass.
— Charles A. Lindbergh
You get what you pay for
Loss of Control on Takeoff
18 Aug 1997
• Night dual flight at uncontrolled field
• Witnesses observe aircraft land and taxi back
on runway 17
• Aircraft departs, remains in ground effect,
accelerates to end of runway and enters near
vertical climb to approx. 200’AGL
• Aircraft rolls right and descends vertically
impacting terrain
THE AFTERMATH OF A BAD DAY
IBWTMLGOAKO
• Instructor had demonstrated his “signature
takeoff” to students a number of times
including a “SH” t/o in front of two sheriff
deputies
• Instructor was student at Spartan School of
Aeronautics. While there he failed private,
instrument & commercial initial checkrides
and flight instructor ride and retest
IBWTMLGOAKO
• Instructor was new hire in
Nov. 1996 and had 944 total
hours with 17 hours in
model and 1.5 hours in
model at nx.
• Students aware of flight
instructor’s practice
• Management not
• Flight instructor’s failure to
maintain aircraft control
during takeoff and climb.
• Flight instructor’s lack of
experience in make and
model
Pilot Certificates
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Year Student
2009 72,280
94,863
2008 80,989
93,202
2007 84,339
2006 84,866
2005 87,213
2004 87,910
2003 87,296
2002 85,991
2001 94,420*
2000 99,110*
1999 99,184*
1998 97,736
1997 96,101
1996 94,947
1995 101,279
1994 96,254
1993 103,583
1992 114,597
1991 120,203
1990 128,663
Rec
234
Private
211,619
Commercial ATP
125,738
252
222,596
124,746
239
239
278
291
310
318
318
340
343
305
284
265
232
241
206
187
161
87
211,096 115,127
219,233 117,610
228,619 120,614
235,994 122,592
241,045
123,990
260,845 137,504
261,927 137,636
251,561 121,858
258,749 124,261
247,226 122,053
247,604 125,300
254,002 129,187
261,399 133,980
284,236 138,728
283,700 143,014
288,078 146,385
293,306 148,365
299,111 149,666
Other
Total
CFI
144,600
146,838
594,285
613,746
143,953
590,349
92,175
141,935
597,109
91,343
141,992
609,737
90,555
142,160
618,633
89,596
143,504
625,011
87,816
147,104 29,596 661,358
86,089
146,989 16,200 657,490
82,875
141,598 17,162 631,629
80,931
137,642 17,118 637,297
79,694
134,612 16,366 618,298
79,171
130,858 16,195 616,342
78,102
127,486 16,374 622,261
78,551
123,877 18,417 639,184
77,613
117,434 17,195 654,088
76,171
117,071 17,495 665,069
75,021
115,855 17,857 682,959
72,148
112,167 17,893 692,095
69,209
107,732 17,400 702,659
63,775