A Short History of The Qur’an. Chapter : Two By; Jinaan Hameer, Karim Hohn, and Alia Aleali. Grade 8 Islamic Mr.Ali Context: Introduction-Simple Explanation of The Qur’an. When The Qur’an was revealed. Where The Qur’an was revealed. Teaching The Qur’an. Recording The Qur’an. Zaid Ibn Thabet The Qur’an complier. Translation of The Qur’an. Extra Information. Resources. Conclusion. Introduction-Simple Explanation of The Qur’an. The Qur’an in Arabic technically means recitation. The Qur’an is the holiest book in the world and it is also the only completed one. It is not just another holy book like, for example the Bible, it is The Final Holy Book of Prophet Muhammed (PBUH). For which it is also the final book sent down from Allah and therefore the only one that has not been tainted and protected( changed or added to). The Qur’an tells us what it means to be a real Muslim and how to be one, it tells us stories of the past, it guides us threw our lives, and helps us understand what will happen after. There is so much we can learn from the Qur’an, that is why it should be taught and protected. When was the Qur’an Revealed? The revelation of Al-Qur'an started in the month where Ramadan started during year 610 AD. During that time Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) was in a cave called Ghar Hiraa' located on top of the Mount of Light near Makkah. Jibreel the angel of god, continued to teach Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) to read the Qur'an. It got revealed throughout the time Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) was 27 until he passed away. Where was the Qur’an revealed? The quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammed in cave Hira near Makkah. When Jibreel came down he said to the Prophet "Iqra" meaning "read" The prophet relied saying "I cant read" Then Jibreel repeated this 2 more times and the Prophet gave the same reply. It was then when the first 5 ayahs of Surah-al-Alaq, after that The Prophet started receiving revelations of Suwar in the Holy Quran in Makkah for 13 years. And he when the Prophet migrated to Madinah the Quran continued to be revealed to him for the next ten years until he passed away. However, some ayaahs of the Quran were revealed in different parts of Arabia during the Prophets travels. Scholars of the Quran described the Suwar of AlQuran that were revealed BEFORE Al-Hijrah as Makkiyah or Makkan chapters. And most of these were revealed in Makkah. And the Suwar that were revealed AFTER Al-Hijrah as Madaniyyah or Madani chapters, and most of these chapters were revealed in Madina. There are about 87 suwar Makkiyah and 27 suwar Madaniyyah in The Quran. Teaching Qur’an. The Qur'an wasn't revealed all at one time, Allah taught it first to his prophets. At that time, Rasoolullah taught the people the verses he learned from Allah through Jibreel , the time he finished learning them, Abdulla Ibn Mas'ood (Bless him) said “Rasoolullah used to teach us10 ayaat or so everyt ime, then we would memorize them, learn them, and used them in our daily life. Then Rasoolallah us another revealed message of Al-Qur’an. The Prophet used to explain it through his words and actions, it made it very helpful for Muslims to live the Qur’an and put it into action. It teaches us extremely wonderful lesson; The Qur’an was not sent to us for memorization or recitation, it was sent to us so we could apply it in our daily lives and live it every single day. Recording Qur’an. Prophet Muhammed (PBUH) used to ask some of the sahabah that could read and write to write down these verses on scrolls, wood or flat rocks, these items were used as paper wasnt available then. These people were called Kuttab-ul-Wahy meaning scribes of the Revelation. Some of the scribes were Zaid Ibn Thabet, Ubbay Ibn Ka'b and Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqas. Prophet Muhammed taught the verses and told them the names of the Suwar of the Quran, and where each ayah was meant to be. As soon as the Holy Prophet passed away Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq became the first Khalifah, or leader of the muslims. The ayaat of the Quran were collected and kept in a safe place at the house of Hafsah Bint Omar Ibn-ul-Khattab, the wife of the Holy Prophet and daughter of Omar Ibn-ulKhattab after the Prophet passed away. While Uthman Ibn Affan was Khalifah, Zaid Ibn Thabet and some other sahabah prepared seven copies of the Quran. It was called AlMushaf Al- Uthmani because it was complied under his command. Later he sent these manuscripts to major muslim cities at the time. He ordered that only accurate and authentic copies be given to others. Ancient Quranic manuscripts can be dated as far back as the seventh century to the time of Uthman. So the original text of the Quran we have today began to be collected shortly after the Prophet passed away. All other books have changed from ancient times to fit the people of the religion and be according to what they are comfortable with, every book except the Quran, The Quran we look at today is the same Quran that was sent down to our Holy Prophet through Angel Jibreel. Word for word, not a single letter has been changed. It has stayed the same and will continue to remain the same. Zaid Ibn Thabet The Qur’an Complier. The Prophet cam to Madinah when Zaid was only eleven, and The Prophet blessed Zaid and his family with du’aa’. When the battle of Uhud was starting Zaid wanted to accompany him with his peers to fight and defend with the other muslims. The Prophet refused Zaid and his friends but promised that next time they would be allowed because they were too young then. Growing up Zaid was accomplished in many ways, he was a scriber and reciter of the Qur’an and in other various subjects. When the Prophet wanted to send letters to other countries Zaid would learn the languages and write them for the Prophet. As the time passed Zaid become well known for all the knowledge he possessed. Over the 23 years the Qur’an was being revealed there were many who would scribe it and memorize like Zaid, so the Prophet had Zaid and some others write the verses down when they were revealed to him by Jibreel. When the prophet died there were only a few who had the verses and chapters. Zaid Ibn Thabet The Qur’an Compiler. The Qur’an was not sent to us as a whole, it recited piece by piece, step by step, day by day. It was created for us to be a guide in our life and to learn right from wrong. It’s completion to be put into one book was a difficult journey, put into only the most faithful of Muslims and The Prophets Companians, one in particular, Zaid Ibn Thabet. Many Muslims wanted to recite the Qur’an and write it down. Leading them were some of the greatest Muslims, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Ubay ibn K’ab, Abdallah ibn Mas’uud, Abdallah ibn Abbas, and last but not least Zaid Ibn Thabet. When The Qur’an had been completely revealed, The Prophet put its verses and chapters its chapters in order. When The Prophet Died, the Muslims were very busy with the battles against non-believers. During The Battle of Yamamah many scribes and reciters were matyred and the numbers were quite monumental. Umar considered the fact that there were so many people dying so he rushed to Khalifah Abu Baker Al-Saddiq and asked him to compile the Qur’an before all the scribes as reciters would completely die out. Abu Baker asked Allah for his help and took counsel from his consultants, he searched out Zaid Ibn Thabet and ordered him to compile The Qur’an with the assisstance of people with expierennce. Zaid stood in accomplishing the most difficult and important tasks of comiling the Qur’an from the memorie of reciters and comparing the written chapters, doing his best to find the right ones until he could gather the Qur’an and put it in order… Translations of The Qur’an. The time Al-Qur'an revealed was in Arabic. Throughout the time, Al-Qur'an got really popular and many people wanted to learn it but they could not understand the Arabic Language. The Qur'an then got translated in over 40 languages. These include Amharic, Dutch, English, Farsi, French, Hindi, Latin, Malay, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Urdu and many other languages. However it's still ordered to learn Qur'an in Arabic. They are needed to learn Qur'an in Arabic so they can easily understand the God's saying. Resources-In MLA Format. KHALID, KHALID MUHAMMAD . "Zaid Ibn Thabet." BT. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2011. www.bt.com.bn/friday_special/2009/04/03/zaid_ibn_tha bit_compiler_of_allahs_words. Abu Amarah, Suad, Ummulkulthum Al-Maawiy, Lena Dirbashi, Nabil Sadoun Ed.D., and Omar Tarazi. Learning Islam. Texas: Islamic Services Foundation, 2011. Print. Conclusion. This was just a basic history of the Qur’an so if you want to know more, Go on a website or Read the book.  Thanks for watching and hope you learned a lot.