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Helena Tome
Composition of blood
The top layer is the plasma.
The blood plasma acts as
the medium where many
substances are carried in
dissolved or suspended
form.
• The plasma makes up
55% of the volume of
blood. Plasma is a
yellow colour, it is
comprised of 90% water
the other 10% consists
mainly of proteins.
• The cellular matter or
formed elements
comprise the remaining
45% of the volume of
blood. It consists of
platelets, white blood
cells and red blood
cells.
The composition of blood.
Three main types of cells:
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
Parts of donated blood that are extracted
include both labile products and stable
products. Perishable substances do not
have a long shelf life. These products must
be refrigerated while being transported.
Stable products have a longer shelf life
compared to labile products.
Extracted Parts of Donated Blood
Red blood cells are separated by a centrifuge. After being in a
centrifuge the blood plasma and red blood cells separate; the red
blood cells sink to the bottom. The top layer of blood plasma is
removed. Red blood cells are separated to increase the amount
of haemoglobin without increasing the other substances in the
blood. The haemoglobin is used to increase the oxygen carrying
capacity to body tissues. This allows cells to respire at an
increased rate. Red blood is therefore given to people with
anaemia, acute blood loss, kidney failure and people who do not
make enough blood to function normally.
Extracted Parts of Donated Blood
Platelets are important in the act of blood clotting.
This product is separated by using a centrifuge at a
slow speed to prevent pelleting. It is added to a
humans blood to increase the blood clotting
capacity. They are given to people who are going
through cancer therapy or have cancer of the blood
or lymph. They are also given to people suffering
with blood loss.
Extracted Parts of Donated Blood
Plasma is the liquid
portion of the blood. It is
separated by centrifuging
as the red blood cells sink.
It contains clotting factors
and increases the volume
of the blood. It is
therefore given to people
with leukaemia, clotting
disorders, who need
adjustments of osmotic
pressure and who have
experienced blood loss.
Extracted Parts of Donated Blood
White blood cells are the infection fighting
parts of the blood. They are separated by a
centrifuge. They are extracted to boost the
immune system of the recipient. The recipients
are people who have just had a severe
infection, who have low immune systems or do
not produce enough white blood cells to
function normally.
Artificial bloods only function
is to increase oxygen and
carbon dioxide carrying
capacity. It has a longer shelf
life compared to donated
blood and it does not need to
be refrigerated. Artificial
blood does not contain any
infectious agents and
allergens. It is not blood type
specific this means that they
can be given to anyone
without a blood test.
Artificial blood is needed as areas in the world do
not have the correct facilities to collect and store
fresh blood. Donated blood can carry diseases,
artificial blood acts as a means of increasing oxygen
concentration without the risk of disease. It is
therefore needed in areas that do not have the
means of screening for diseases. Artificial blood is
accepted by every blood type; it therefore does not
need to be screened for blood type.
Bibliography
Chidrawi, C & Robson, M 2008 Biology in Focus: HSC Course. McGraw-Hill Australia
Pty Ltd
HSC Biology Topic 1 ‘maintaning a balance’ 2005-2008
<www.keepitsimplescience.com.au>
Mudie, K & Brotherton J 2004 Heinemann Biology 2nd ed. Malcolm Parsons
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