Family, Health and
Education Services in
England & Wales must
comply with
POLICY & LEGISLATION
requiring engagement
with fathers
GOVERNMENT POLICY and LEGISLATION explicitly
requiring engagement with fathers - e.g.
1. The Children Act (1989, 2004)
2. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need
and their Families (DH, 2000)
3. The National Service Framework for Children, Young People
& Maternity Services (DH/DfES, 2004)
4. The Childcare Act (2006)
5. Routine postnatal care of women and their babies (NIHCE,
2006)
6. The Equality Act (2006)
7. Maternity Matters (DH, 2007)
GOVERNMENT POLICY and LEGISLATION explicitly requiring engagement
with fathers (cont)
8. The Children’s Centre Practice/Planning/Performance Management
Guidance (DfES, 2006; 2007)
9.
Every Parent Matters (HM Treasury, 2007)
10. Aiming High for Children (HM Treasury/DfES, 2007)
11. Teenage Parenting Strategy & Guidance (DCSF, 2007; 2008) +
T Pregnancy Independent Advisory Group Annual Report (2008)
12. The Children’s Plan (DCSF, 2007)
13. The Child Health Promotion Programme Update (DH, 2008)
14. SCIE guidelines for supporting parents (2008)
14. The Welfare Act (2009)
15. The Childcare Strategy (DWP, HM Treasury, DCSF, Cabinet Office, 2009)
The Children Act (1989)
Fathers are parents under the Act irrespective of whether they
have Parental Responsibility, so they should be involved in
case conferences etc, where decisions are made
The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need
and their Families (DH, 2000)
Assessors must: ‘take all reasonable steps to gather information
about, and from, all relevant family members, whether
resident or not, and requires them to be clear about the roles
played by fathers or father-figures.”
The National Service Framework for Children,
Young People & Maternity Services (DH, DfES
2004) requires Children’s Services to
(i) engage systematically with fathers
and mothers to improve children’s
wellbeing; and
(ii) consult with both parents over
service design.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
(2006) Clinical Guideline: Routine postnatal
care of women and their babies.
“Postnatal care in the community should provide
mothers and their partners or companions with
information about how to nurture babies and what to
expect at different ages, including growth and child
development.”
Maternity Matters (DH, 2007)
High quality maternity care is not just about good
professional care that ensures a healthy and safe
pregnancy. It also involves access to a wide range
of varied services that should work in partnership to
help equip mothers and fathers with the skills they
require to become confident and caring parents.
The Childcare Act (2006)
Requires local authorities to identify parents and
prospective parents who are unlikely to use early
childhood services e.g. fathers – who are
specifically mentioned), and facilitate their access
to those services.
The Equality Act (2006)
(i) Requires public bodies including health,
education and those that commission
children’s services to publish an action
plan for promoting gender equality.
(ii) At the point of commissioning, a gender
impact assessment is required,
assessing the differential impact of the
service on women and men.
(iii) Services must also gather information on how
their services impact on men and women
respectively, and consult with men and
women who use them, in ways they find
accessible.
The Children’s Centre Practice Guidance and Planning and
Performance Management Guidance (DfES, 2006)
All Centres must:
(i) have a strategy to publicise all their services to fathers
specifically….and to communicate why their involvement will
benefit their children and themselves”
(ii) have effective systems to gather information about fathers in all
the families with whom they are in contact
(iii) routinely offer all fathers the support and opportunities they
need to play their parental role effectively
(iv) recruit and train all staff to be sensitive to the needs of fathers
as well as mothers
(v) consult with fathers and mothers before strategies are decided,
and involve them in planning, delivery and governance of services
(vi) engage particularly with groups of fathers who previously
have been excluded from services and whose children are at risk
of poor outcomes - including young fathers and black and minority
ethnic fathers;
(vii) monitor how far different groups of dads have accessed services,
and what they thought of them.
N.B. One of the Children’s Centres Performance
Indicators requires Centres to assess how well
they engage with fathers in the “most excluded
groups”.
Sure Start Children’s Centres: Phase 3 Planning &
Delivery (DCSF, 2007)
• ‘Working with Fathers’ is one of five priorities for all Centres
•
‘Father-child relationships can have a profound and wideranging impact on the child that lasts a lifetime. Sure Start
Children’s Centre services should be responsive to
supporting fathers and father figures in their role as parent.
A parent link or outreach worker with a specific remit to
engage with fathers will be most effective. In smaller Phase 3
centres or clusters, a specialist fathers’ worker may need to
be shared between centres. All other staff should also
have the skills and confidence to engage with fathers,
particularly on initial contact.’
Toolkit for Reaching Priority and Excluded Families (Together for
Children, 2007)
Contains a planning checklist on working with fathers which
complements the Children’s Centres Practice Guidance
Every Parent Matters (2007):
“Irrespective of the degree of involvement they have in the care of
their children, fathers should be offered routinely the support and
opportunities they need to play their parental role effectively”. This
requires systematic information gathering about – and engagement
with – fathers in all children’s services: it is not enough just to offer
“dads’ groups”. In general, these services must be available to
fathers across all social groups - including disadvantaged dads, and
those in groups which access services relatively rarely (e.g. young,
BME, non-resident fathers).
Aiming high for children: supporting families (HM
Treasury/DfES 2007)
•
•
•
•
•
•
New funding for work with fathers in Children’s Centres – e.g.
outreach workers, parenting classes that work for fathers
A focus on midwives and health visitors and their role in
supporting both parents
A Parents Charter that will define the responsibilities of services
to mothers and fathers (explicitly)
A specific critique of the word “parent” and how it excludes
fathers.
A new focus on the need to engage with separated fathers –
with reference to caring and learning, rather than just financial
support.
A strong critique of how fathers are excluded from family
services - and promotion of Fathers Direct’s Fatherhood Quality
Mark as a solution.
Teenage Parents Next Steps: Guidance for
Local Authorities and Primary Care (2007, DH &
DCFS)
• Working with young fathers is to be a priority in teenage
pregnancy;
• Services are required to: “develop a culture in which the
starting point is that young fathers’ involvement in the
pregnancy and birth is beneficial for the mother and child and
that services should be designed so that they are inclusive of
young fathers, rather than one which starts with the
presumption that the young father is a problem”.
The Children’s Plan (2007)
• Stresses the “need for public services to engage with
both father and mother except where there is a
clear risk to the child to do so” [CP Box 1.1].
•
There is to be a new partnership between parents
and schools “no matter what their personal circumstances
– mothers, fathers, non-resident parents, lone parents
and working parents” [CP 3.21].
•
Health visiting services should deliver a
“ . . . health promotion programme that is universal
but tailored to the needs of children and families
– both fathers and mothers” [CP Box 1.4].
Child Health Promotion Programme (Update, 2008)
• “working routinely with both mothers and fathers (whether
they are living together or not)”. [13]
• “Fathers should be routinely invited to participate in child
health reviews, and should have their needs assessed.” [9]
• “Any system of early identification [of needs] has to be
able to be acceptable to both parents.” [14]
• Increased focus on pregnancy “and the need for
mothers and fathers to be supported during this time”. [9,
13, 34]
Child Health Promotion Programme (2008)
• Increased focus on vulnerable children and families, including:
Families with a young mother or father
Families where the parents are not co-resident. [14-15]
Useful predictors [of risk] during pregnancy include unstable
relationships…obesity in parents….smoking by partners. [15-16]
• Greater focus on parenting support, understanding parents’ priorities,
goals and aspirations [13]:
“Supporting mothers and fathers to provide sensitive and attuned parenting, in
particular during the first months and years of life.”
“Supporting strong couple relationships.”
“Supporting the transition to parenthood, especially for first-time mother and
fathers.” [8]
“Ensuring that contact with the family routinely involves and supports fathers,
including non-resident fathers.”
Social Care Institute for Excellence
Guidelines (2008)
The role of parent can be challenging under any circumstances,
especially where a child has behavioural difficulties or a parent
is disabled or has other support needs . . .
. . . Parents are fathers and mothers and this awareness of the
role and inclusion of fathers is supported by policy and guidance.
The Fatherhood Institute has summarised some of the key documents.
The Welfare Act (draft legislation January
2009)
Legal change in England & Wales to require birth registration for
unmarried fathers (as it is already for married fathers and all
mothers), unless Registrar decides it is impossible, impracticable
or unreasonable:
• Gives mothers a new right to insist that unmarried fathers register on
birth certificate
• Gives unmarried fathers a new right to insist that they are registered
• No compulsion on either parent to register but reasonable efforts are
to be made to discover and register the father’s name
The Welfare Act (cont.)
Non-legislative measures to promote and support joint birth registration – a
duty on maternity staff and registrars to engage with both parents:
• comprehensive new information about the changes given to both parents
• midwives encouraged to inform parents about registration - and the benefits
of both parents’ signing
• opportunity for fathers to register ante-natally in health service records
• training for registrars
• community outreach to reach fathers as well as mothers
• ‘acknowledgement of paternity’ event at the birth
N.B. This legislation is a development of the awarding, in December 2003, of
automatic Parental Responsibility to all unmarried fathers registered on their
babies’ birth certificates after that date. Currently, 93% of fathers currently
registered at birth (45,000 children per year are registered with only one
parent).
The Childcare Strategy: Next Steps for
Early Learning & Childcare (Jan, 2009)
“The role of a modern public service in early learning and childcare is . . . to
empower mothers and fathers (1:10)
“We will . . . involve and support fathers” (p.12)
“It is important to engage with fathers as well as mothers in their parenting
roles. Too often family services fail to recognise the role of fathers, to take on
board their needs and actively engage with them as service users” (2:35).
“The recently launched “Think Fathers” campaign is promoting the importance
of all family services involving and supporting fathers” (2:35)
“Fathers’ preferences also need to be remembered. As well as being beneficial
for child outcomes, 87% of men think fathers should be very involved in looking
after children” (8:44)
www.fatherhoodinstitute.org