Stanford Clean Slate Program http://cleanslate.stanford.edu Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow Guru Parulkar [email protected] with Saurav Das (Stanford), Nick McKeown (Stanford), Preeti Singh (Ciena), Dan Getachew (Ciena), Lyndon Ong (Ciena) Funded by Cisco, Deutsche Telekom, DoCoMo, Ericsson, Google, LightSpeed, MDV, NEC, NSF, Xilinx Outline • OpenFlow/Software Defined Networking • Unifying packet and circuit networks • Why providers like it Internet has many problems Plenty of evidence and documentation Internet’s “root cause problem” It is Closed for Innovations 3 We lost our way Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … App App App Operating System Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Million of lines of source code 5400 RFCs 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM Bloated Power Hungry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services, Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, … An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” 4 OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure PC Net Services OpenFlow Switch sw hw Secure Channel Flow Table API Controller • Add/delete flow entries • Encapsulated packets • Controller discovery 5 Sliced and Virtualized OpenFlow Infrastructure Control Plane API Research Team A Controller C Research Team B Controller C Production Net Controller C Control Plane API OpenFlow Protocol FLOWVISOR OpenFlow Protocol Isolated Network Slices Physical Infrastructure Packet&Circuit Switches: wired, wireless, optical media 6 Example Network Services • Static “VLANs” • New routing protocol: unicast, multicast, multipath, load-balancing • Network access control • Mobile VM management • Mobility and handoff management • Energy management • Packet processor (in controller) • IPvX • Network measurement and visualization • … 7 OpenFlow Enabled Switches/Routers/APs Juniper MX-series NEC IP8800 WiMax (NEC) Cisco Catalyst 3750 (2010) HP Procurve 5400 Quanta LB4G Cisco Catalyst 6k Arista 7100 series (2010) WiFi Ciena CoreDirector More to follow... 8 OpenFlow as GENI Networking Substrate 9 A nationwide network before end of 2010 European Deployment Pan-European experimental facility        L2 Packet Wireless Routing    L2 Packet Optics Content delivery   L2 Packet Emulation Wireless Content delivery L2 Packet Shadow networks    L2 L3Packet Optics Content delivery 10 OpenFlow: A Hack to Experiment? Is there a bigger architecture story with business implications? 11 OpenFlow: Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure PC Net Services OpenFlow Switch sw hw Secure Channel Flow Table API Controller • Add/delete flow entries • Encapsulated packets • Controller discovery 12 Architecturally what It Means 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source 3. Well-defined open API App App App Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware 13 Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow 14 Motivation IP & Transport Networks (Carrier’s view) C D • are separate networks managed and operated C independently D C D C D • resulting in duplication of functions and resources in multiple layers C C • and significantDC capex and opex burdens D C D D D … well known C D D D D Convergence is hard … Two networks have very different architectures … previous attempts assumed networks remain the same We believe true convergence will come about from architectural change! Software Defined Networking Research Goal: Packet and Circuit Flows Commonly Controlled & Managed UCP D Flow Network D D Simple, network of Flow Switches D D D D D D D D D D … that switch at different granularities: packet, time-slot, lambda & fiber OpenFlow & Circuit Switches PacketFlows Switch MAC Port src MAC Eth dst type VLAN IP ID Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP TCP sport dport Action Exploit the cross-connect table in circuit switches Circuit Flows In Port VCG Starting Signal In Lambda Time-Slot Type Out Port VCG Starting Signal Out Lambda Time-Slot Type The Flow Abstraction presents a unifying abstraction … blurring distinction between underlying packet and circuit and regarding both as flows in a flow-switched network OpenFlow Example IP 11.12.0.0 VLAN1025 IP11.13.0.0TC P80 + VLAN2, P1 + VLAN2, P2 VLAN2 VCG 3 VCG3 P1 VC4 1 P2 VC4 4 P1 VC4 10 + VLAN7, P2 VLAN7 VCG5 VCG5 P3 STS192 1 OpenFlow (software) R A S OpenFlow (software) R A S IN Packet Packet Switch Fabric OUT TDM VCG3 VCG5 Switch Fabric GE ports Circuit Switch Fabric TDM ports Converged packets & dynamic circuits opens up new capabilities Network Recovery Congestion Routing Control Traffic QoS Engineering Power Mgmt VPNs Discovery Example Application Congestion Control ..via Variable Bandwidth Packet Links OpenFlow Demo at SC09 Demo Video http://www.openflowswitch.org/wk/index.php/PAC.C Why providers want it 24 New Generation Providers Already Buy into It In a nutshell – Driven by cost and control – Started in data centers…. What New Generation Providers have been Doing Within the Datacenters • Buy bare metal switches • Write their own control/management applications on a common platform 25 Example: New Data Center Cost Control 200,000 servers Fanout of 20 a 10,000 switches $5k commercial switch a $50M $1k custom-built switch a $10M 1. Optimize for features needed 2. Customize for services & apps 3. Quickly improve and innovate Savings in 10 data centers = $400M The value prop applies to enterprise and service provider networks 26 Going Forward • They want to apply this approach to other parts of their infrastructure • Work together to bring this change at a bigger scale Another way to look at it … “Meeting of Minds” with Providers 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source 3. Well-defined open API App App App Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware 28 Consequences • More innovation in network services – Owners, operators, 3rd party developers, researchers can improve the network – E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility • Lower barrier to entry for competition – Healthier market place with reducing Capex&OpEx 29 Ecosystem Coming Together Role for Everyone to Contribute • Researchers and R&E Networks • Providers: old and new The Value Chain – Google, Amazon, Yahoo!, (Microsoft, Facebook), – DT, DoCoMo, BT (Level3, Verizon, …) • Box vendors – Enterprise and backbone – Packet and circuit (electronic and photonics) – Incumbents and startups • Chip vendors – Broadcom, Dune, Marvell, …. 30 OpenFlow As Networking Substrate • A platform for innovations – Within enterprise, backbone, & data center networks • Providers already buy into this vision – For their own reasons • Opportunities – Eco system is coming together – Time to engage 31 Thank You!! 32