Sexually Transmitted Diseases And How to Avoid Them Part of Health Awareness Week Sponsored by the NAACP Southeastern Chapter Focus Diseases Chlamydia Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Genital Warts Syphilis Emerging Diseases Emerging Treatments Fetishes Homosexuality Bondage Animal Anal Hard/Water Sports Vomit Why should you care? STDs are very prevalent. 1. Almost 300,000 new cases in in Louisiana alone. 1. STDs cost a lot to treat. 2. 1. $9 billion spent annually to treat effects of STDs STDs, if infected with the worst ones, can seriously harm or kill you. 3. • Death toll by AIDS alone is is in the millions worldwide Anal Sex QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. What’s risky about Anal? Anal Sex can damage the mucous membrane layer surround the anus. This action exposes people to fecal matter and/ or blood which may contain any number of diseases. Chlamydia Chlamydia is a common and curable infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. As many as 1 in 10 females in the United States may be infected with it. Chlamydia is passed mainly during anal or vaginal sex. It is less likely to be transmitted through oral sex. Transmission occurs when infected mucous membranes of one person come in contact with the membranes of another person. Chlamydia: The Disease • Men 50% of Men show no signs of infection Pus (thick yellow-white fluid) or watery or milky discharge from the penis Pain or burning during urination Pain or swelling of the testicles Inflamed Rectum and Urethra Women 75% of Women show no signs infection Vaginal discharge Burning sensation during urination If bacteria enter the fallopian tubes, the symptoms include: lower abdominal and lower back pain pain during intercourse bleeding between menstrual periods nausea or fever The Bottom Line If untreated, the disease can have serious consequences In men, the disease can cause: Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) Urethral scarring Infertility In women, the disease is related to inflamed bladder, and yellow discharges Also can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, which can lead to infertility Testing and treatment are not difficult to obtain. Numerous numbers of tests for Chlamydia Tests also look for Gonorrhea Treatments are antibiotic drugs Erythromycin Amoxicillin Azithromycin Doxycycline Oral Sex Not considered a fetish if it is the ‘usual’ style Oral-Anal sex ‘rimming’ considered a fetish, if person is fixated on it What’s the Deal? Ain’t it Safe? WRONG! Meet Gonorrhea/ the Clap Transmission: Like Chlamydia, the bacteria is spread through sex with an infected person. Symptoms vary between sexes Men usually experience a watery discharge Women usually experience no problems or have yellow discharges. Signs are similar to Chlamydia infections Treatments Typically ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics. Similar drugs used in Chlamydia treatments. Some strains (S.E. Asian strains) are more resistant to antibiotics Stronger drugs used then. Facts about HIV/AIDS Retro-virus Attacks the immune system Takes 4 months for antibodies to be detected, years before symptoms manifest In 1980’s it decimated the Gay community In this era, it is eradicating a generation of Africans, Asians, and Eastern Europeans. African-American infection rates are still high HIV Transmission HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Spread by unprotected sex with infected person Oral sex transmission risk is very low-but possible No cases reported yet of mosquito-bite transmission How does AIDS Kill? AIDS does not kill the infected person: It weakens the immune system to point where minor diseases can kill a person. Pneumocystis carinii Parasite of the lung Habitat in the lungs Spread by cough from person to person Very common, doesn’t affect healthy people Causes coughing, fever, cyanosis, hypoxia If unchecked, it can destroy lung tissue Cytomegalovirus Opportunistic virus Attacks eyes, intestines(see pic), and eventually other parts of the body. If unchecked, virus or other viruses can eventually kill. HPV: Genital Warts Human Papillomavirus: The cause of genital and other warts. Over 70 different strains in existence Spread by ANY form of contact with an infected person, sexual or not. Place of infection is determined by exposure to the virus at that area. Most people become immune and/or no longer contagious Treatments available. If untreated, infertility, miscarriages, and even prostate cancer may occur Syphillis What is Syphilis? Caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum Spread by any type of sexual contact, or contact with the warts or rashes that are part of the phases. Phase 1: Chancre- a sore appears on the body part exposed to the virus, most often the genital region. Phase 2: Variable symptoms which include fever, hair loss, skin rashes, sore throat or flu-like conditions. Phase 3: A latency period, the virus does not exhibit any symptoms, but is attacking the brain or other organs. Treatments are available. Treatment: Urgency Required Dependent upon which phase of infection a person is in. Phase 1: The antibiotic Penicillin is used to stop the infection at this stage and stage 2. Phase 2: Antibiotics used to stop infection, other drugs used to alleviate symptoms. Phase 3: Stronger antibiotics used to stop infection. At this stage, damage caused by bacteria cannot be reversed. Phase 2 treatments are not 100% effective: the virus can resurface years after treatment. The earlier treatment is started, the better. Homosexuality Is it a fetish? What about it? Fetish: the centering of strong sexual emotion in objects or parts of the body not normally associated with such emotion" (Webster's; 1992) Homosexuality not considered a fetish Sexual Orientation At-risk to STDs as Heterosexuals Statistics list 1 in 10 as exclusively gay or lesbian, while others fall in the bisexual category. (sexual-health-resource.org) Other sources say 1 in 4 of population are homosexual Risks to Gay Men Sex between males accounts for about half of the sexually transmitted cases of AIDS among males between the ages of 13 and 19 years. (AAP) Gay men typically have many more partners than straight men Bisexual men often have female partners, of which most do not share their orientation to their female partner(s). (New Crisis) Note: Some in the religious community say that AIDS is god’s wrath against homosexuals. Does God favor Lesbians? Lesbians have the lowest rate of STDS of all the sexual orientations, especially AIDS (sarahbrak.org) Are Lesbians Immune to STDs? No. Lesbians may have lower rates of STD infection overall, they are still at-risk. Lesbians have higher rates of bacterial vaginosis, hepatitis C, and HIV risk behaviors (such as drug use and sex with a gay or bisexual man) than women who have never had sex with women. Women who report never having sex with a man tend to have more abnormal pap smears and genital warts. Childless Lesbians may have a higher risk to develop breast cancer.(hon.ch) Beastility What the? Beastility refers to the sexual act between an animal and a human. No record of STDs transmitted from person to animal. Beastility is illegal in most states, including Louisiana. Animals for the most part, do not host STDs that can infect humans. However, there are animal disease that can affect humans. The act of Beastility has dangers of its own. Possible Beastility diseases Balantidium Coli Intestinal Parasite of Pigs Spread to human through fecal contamination (not washing hands) Causes dysentery, can be fatal. Caused by dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus Spread by fecal contamination (not washing hands) Hepatitis Virus that causes significant liver damage. 6 different types. A to D are the most common. Hepatitis D is the most dangerous. Spread sexually, through needles, even food (shellfish) 100* more infectious than HIV. Symptoms and Treatment Nausea, vomiting, muscle and joint aches, abdominal pain and weight loss. Fatigue & fever: Flulike symptoms. Eventually leads to cirrhosis and organ failure Death Treatment is available. Dependent on the strain of the virus in infection. Hepatitis C treatment involves A-Interferon, which makes immune system kill the virus If treatment fails, then a liver transplant is needed. Masturbation Huh? This can’t be risky? Meet Scabies A parasite that lives in the skin, hatches eggs in 10 days after infection. Spread sexually by close contact with infected person Spread non-sexually when person comes in contact with infested materials Leaves reddish nodules and produces intense itching. Treatment involves using a cream and hot-washing clothes and sheets. Hard/Water Sports (not Polo) Hard Sports/Scat That’s not all… Scat is considered one of the grossest fetishes around. Very risky Feces from a person may contain cysts of parasitic organisms Parasites include Tapeworms, Amoebas, etc Can be fatal if infections get out of hand. Water Sports What the? Water sports is the term used to describe the use of urine in sexual activity. Urine consists of waste products from the body, as well as viruses and bacteria. This includes HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis A & B. Note: There was once a fad in which people drank their urine to re-gain vitamins. Do not follow this fad. It died out for a reason. Bondage Well, it looks safe... If done properly, bondage can be one of the safer fetishes. If done improperly, a person could be in a”knot” of problems. This includes catching STDs. Bondage is also risky for non-sexual reasons. Deaths have occurred from strangulation, tourniquet amputations, fires, torture mishaps (rotten.com) Puking Oh gross! Extremely hard fetish. Dangerous to persons involved. Too much vomiting can lead to imbalances, bulimia, and infection. For more info, watch Jerry Springer “New” STD Molluscum Contagiousum Caused by the pox virus (chickpox family, not smallpox) Produces small bumps on the infected region, which get bigger and become gray or pink. Itching is common. Used to be seen in children, but now is a STD. Spread from person to person by touching lesions or by touching infected objects. Most symptoms clear up but in general lesions are removed. Removal of lesions reduces re-infection and transmission to others. Lesions can be removed surgically and/or treated with a chemical agent such as podophyllin, cantharidin, phenol, silver nitrate, or iodine. Cryo-therapy also used. There is HOPE/ New Treatments Several HIV vaccines are in clinical trial right now. HIV vaccine AIDSVAX (VAXGEN) was not successful in clinical trial. Statistical anomaly that it worked slightly better on Asian and African-Americans. Numbers were too small. Herpes pill valacyclovir did work in clinical trial.(medscape) Drug prevents Herpes Simplex 2 (HSV-2) infections. Awaiting FDA approval. In conclusion Abstinence is the best policy Use a condom or other barrier method If infected, seek treatment-it will cost you less in the long-run Use common sense-avoid high risk fetishes. Be careful-not everyone is infected. Special Thanks Pypex @ pypex.no-ip.com, an illegal KDX porn server 24-Hour Lab. Most visual material for program came from the S: drive NAACP You, for your time http://www.selu.edu/orgs/naacp