Official Program Abstracts Booklet
2014 SPECIAL SUPPORT Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology TriboBR-2014 Support November 3rd to 5th, 2014 - Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil *Confirmed until October 17th, 2014 CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FEI Official Program Abstracts Booklet Held by tribobr-livreto2014.indd 1 17/10/2014 09:37:05 OFFICIAL PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS BOOKLET SECOND INTERNATIONAL BRAZILIAN CONFERENCE ON TRIBOLOGY Tribobr 2014 November 3rd to 5th, 2014 Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil Cataloguing Card _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology – TriboBR 2014 (2. : 2014 : Foz do Iguaçu, PR); Official Program and Abstracts Booklet of the Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology – TriboBR 2014 / Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração. São Paulo: ABM, 2014. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Papers presented will be published in the event’s Proceedings, after the event’s completion, and will be available at ABM website: www.abmbrasil.com.br/anais Exclusive rights of publication reserved by ABM. The total or partial reproduction of this document is allowed provided that the source is properly cited ABM does not hold any responsibility for published abstracts. The content of the abstracts is the entire responsibility of their respective authors Art: J.I. Comunicação Rua Camanducaia, 100 - Campo Belo São Paulo - SP - Brasil Phone: (55 11) 5093-5589 Industrial production: Rua Antonio Comparato, 218 - Campo Belo 04605-030 - São Paulo - SP - Brasil Phone: (55 11) 5534-4333 - Fax: (55 11) 5534-4330 www.abmbrasil.com.br Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials & Mining Association - ABM President Vice-president Council President Alfredo Huallem Albano Chagas Vieira Nelson Guedes de Alcântara Patrimony director Hideyuki Hariki Executive director Horacídio Leal Barbosa Filho Directors Arthur Pinto Chaves Augusto Espeschit de Almeida Carlos Alberto Briganti Carmine Sarao Neto Danielli Soares Melo Gaiotti Frederico Ayres Lima Hermenio Pinto Gonçalves Márcio Frazão Guimarães Lins Marcos Alexandre Stuart Nogueira Oscar Acselrad Paulo Miranda Gonçalves Paulo Santos Assis Romero Machado Correa Sérgio Leite de Andrade Vânia Lucia de Lima Andrade Paraná ABM Reginal Director Vice-director Carlos Frederico Rangel Xavier Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho Events manager Reinaldo Batista do Nascimento Events analysts Erika Akashi Margareth Nunes Support Business manager Fund raising Abstracts booklet edition Thaís Capeleto Custódio Rosangela Ziliotte Ana Cristina de Assis Maria Lúcia de Araújo Castro Marli Ferreira Maximiliano Gerpe Méndez Mirian Chakkour Nunes Luciane Genzano Cruz SECOND INTERNATIONAL BRAZILIAN CONFERENCE ON TRIBOLOGY TriboBR 2014 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello - Chair - UFU Dr. Roberto Martins de Souza - Co-chair - USP Prof. Aloisio Nelmo Klein - UFSC Dr. EduardoTomanik - MAHLE Dr. Giuseppe Pintaude - UTFPR Dra. Henara Lillian Costa - UFU Luiz Fernando Lastres - Petrobras Dra. Marcia Marie Maru - INMETRO Dra. Maria Cristina Moré Farias - UCS SCIENTIFIC COORDINATORS Dr. Giuseppe Pintaude - UTFPR Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello - Chair - UFU SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Hanshan Dong (UK) Adilson Rodrigues da Costa (Brazil) Carlos Henrique Silva (Brazil) Cristiano Binder (Brazil) Cristine Boher (France) Danielle Dini (UK) Fabrice Dessanoy (France) Geralda Cristina Durães de Godoy (Brazil) Gustavo C. Buscaglia (Brazil) Helio Goldenstein (Brazil) João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros (Brazil) John Jairo Coronado Marin (Colombia) José Gomes (Portugal) Lucia Vieira Santos (Brazil) Luís Augusto Rocha (Brazil) Marcelo Braga dos Santos (Brazil) Marcio Gustavo Di Vernieri Cuppari (Brazil) Maria Isabel de Barros Bouchet (France) Massimo Pelizari (Italy) Mathew T. Mathew (Canada) Ricardo C. Dommarco (Argentina) Richard R. Chromik (Canada) Steven Shaffer (USA) Thomaz Mathia (France) Washington Martins da Silva Junior (Brazil) INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Prof. Peter H. Jost - Honorary President (UK) Prof. Dae-Eun Kim (Korea) Prof. Enrico Ciulli (Italy) Prof. Izhak Etsion (Israel) Prof. John Willians (UK) Prof. Michel Fillon (France) Prof. Philip H. Shipway (UK) Prof. Satish V. Kailas (India) Prof. Alberto Arnaldo Raslan (Brazil) Prof. Alejandro Toro (Colombia) Prof. Amilcar Ramalho (Portugal) Prof. André Paulo Tschiptschin (Brazil) Dr. Cherlio Scandian (Brazil) Prof. Gwidon W. Stachowiak (Australia) Prof. G. Gregory Sawyer (USA) Prof. Hugh Spikes (UK) Prof. Jacob Klein (Israel) Prof. Jean Michel Martin (France) Prof. Koshi Adachi (Japan) Prof. Margareth M. Stack (Scotland) Dr. Martin Dienwiebel (Germany) Prof. Mitjan Kalin (Slovenia) Prof. Nicholas D. Spencer (Switzerland) Dr. Peter Julian Blau (USA) Dr. Stefano Mischler (Switzerland) Prof. Zygmunt Rymuza (Poland) WELCOME Dear participant, The First International Brazilian Conference on Tribology (TriboBR 2010) was held in Rio de Janeiro, in November 2010. That meeting was certainly a milestone for Brazilian Tribology, providing, along with other aspects, a forum for high-quality discussions on tribological issues. That meeting was also characterized by a strong scientific and technological interaction of Brazilian researchers among themselves and with those coming from abroad. Similarly, during the four years following TriboBR 2010, some positive aspects have indicated the strength and growth of the tribological Brazilian community. Most of the tribology groups remain active and other groups were nucleated, expanding tribological research to other academic and non-academic institutions. In fact, industry-academy interactions related to tribology have increased since 2010, both in terms of number and of funds. The past years have also witnessed an increase in the number and depth of the interactions of Brazilian groups with institutions abroad, demonstrated, for example, by a continuous exchange of researchers, including a significant amount of students. The role of TriboBR 2010 in strengthening some of those interactions and triggering others was crucial. The Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology has all the elements for another successful event. Most of the tribology groups in Brazil will be once again represented, exposing results and ideas that have passed peer-reviewing analysis. Additionally, TriboBR 2014 will benefit from the presence of tribologists from fourteen different countries, including another remarkable set of plenary and invited speakers. TriboBr 2014, to be held in Foz do Iguaçu, will emphasize the tribological challenges associated with sustainability and renewable energy sources, in particular hydroelectric and wind power generation, biofuels and biolubricants. Itaipú Binacional, the second biggest hydroelectric power plant in the world (14000 MW) will be a perfect location to discuss sustainability and its tribological challenges. The organizing committee would like to thank the support from ABM – the Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials & Mining Association, the PTI (Parque Tecnologico de Itaipu) for hosting then conference, the endorsement from IFToMM and ITC, the financial support from all the sponsors, the International Advisory Board, the Scientific Committee and all others who have contributed to the success of TriboBR2014. We welcome all participants, with the confidence of sharing with them another pleasant and fruitful conference, surrounded by the beautiful Iguassu falls. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello Chair of the TriboBR 2014 GENERAL INFORMATION VENUE 6731, Tancredo Neves Avenue Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil Phone: +55 (45) 3576-7200 - Fax: +55 (45) 3576-7199 www.pti.org.br OPENING CEREMONY • Greetings and composition of the table of honor; • Brazilian National Anthem; • Thanks, compliments and acknowledgment of distinguished participants; • Speech by the Chair of Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology, Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello; • Welcome remarks by Horacidio Leal Barbosa Filho, Executive Director of ABM; • End of ceremony. EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT - OPERATING HOURS November 3rd (Monday) - from 7:30am to 6:30pm November 4th (Tuesday) - from 7:30 am to 4:00pm November 5th (Wednesday) - from 7:30am to 5:30pm PRESS OFFICE OF ABM Responsible journalist: Maria Izilda Ferreira Bueno (Mtb 12.995) Beatriz Amadei (Mtb. 46.053) Fatma M. Thorlay Gomes (Mtb 10.738) Phone: +55 (11) 5534-4333 E-mail: [email protected] www.abmbrasil.com.br GENERAL INFORMATION Erika Akashi Phone: +55 (11) 5534-4333 - ext. 112 [email protected] LIABILITY INSURANCE Your safety and welfare are assured during the event by the coverage of civil liability insurance, sponsored by: THE BOOK WAS PRINTED WITH RECLYCLED PAPER AND WATER BASED INK, THEREFORE ENCOURAGING THE IDEA OF RECYCLING. Phone: +55 (12) 3924-6000 www.statusseguros.com.br www.brinsurance.com.br OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 3rd - MONdAy Room 1 CésaR LaTTes audiToRium Time Room 2 FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room 8:30am 9:00am Opening session 9:00am 10:00am PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Dr. Ali Erdemir - Argonne National Laboratory, USA design, development and implementation of smart nanocomposite Coatings for improved energy efficiency and durability in engines 10:00am 10:30am Coffee break 10:00am 10:30am Author’s coffee Author’s coffee 10:30am 11:10am inviTed sPeakeR Tribology of carbon-based coatings and their application in advanced bearings - Prof. Esteban Broitman - Linköping University, Sweden inviTed sPeakeR influence of polymer shear thinning on friction in hydrodynamic contacts - Prof. Hugh Spikes - Imperial College, UK 11:10am 11:30am Comparisons of tribological properties of Ti(C,n)/siC in water and seawater - Lei Liu, Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei Wang (Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics) effects of ethanol on film thickness and friction of group one engine oils - Henara Lillian Costa (Universidade Federal de Uberlândia), Hugh Spikes (Imperial College London) 11:30am 11:50am Load carrying capacity of a heterogeneous surface assessment of automotive lubricant oil evolution through bearing - Evan Thomas, Romeo P. Glovnea (University of Sussex), technology prospecting - Eduardo Dominguez Trindade, Renata Mircea D. Pascovici (“Politehnica” University) Cristina Teixeira (Petrobras) 11:50am 2:00pm Lunch 1:30pm 2:00pm Author’s coffee 2:00pm 3:00pm PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Alfons Fisher - Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany dissipative mechanisms under Boundary Lubricated ultra-mild sliding Wear of metals 3:00pm 3:20pm Cavitation erosion resistance of active screen-low ultra-low friction coefficient in the sliding of si3n4-al2o3 temperature plasma nitrided aisi 410 martensitic stainless in water: aB iniTio study of running-in - Cherlio Scandian, Nathan Fantecelle Strey, Roberto Balarini Junior (UFES) steel - André Paulo Tschiptschin, Luis Armando Espitia (USP), Hanshan Dong, Xiao-Ying Li (University of Birmingham), Carlos Eduardo Pinedo (Heat Tech) 3:20pm 3:40pm Cavitation erosion damage of metallic materials in rotating effect of silica concentracion on wear and friction of silicon disk testing - José Divo Bressan, Marcos Antunes Klemz, Gil nitride sliding against alumina in water - Amilton Sinatora, Bazanini (Udesc) Eliel dos Santos, Roberto Pereira de Oliveira (USP) 3:40pm 4:00pm analysis of critical load of multilayered/gradient Cralsin Pvd coatings meansured using scratch tests - Silviu Victor, Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira (UFSC), Washington Martins da Silva Júnior, Vinícius Carvalho Teles, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFU) 4:00pm 4:30pm Coffee break 4:00pm 4:30pm Author’s coffee 4:30pm 5:30pm PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Jacob Klein - Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel molecular mechanisms of Biological Lubrication 5:30pm 5:50pm numerical modeling of adhesion and adhesive failure during the unidirectional contact between metallic surfaces - Cristiano Fernandes Lagatta, Eleir Mundim Bortoleto, Erika Fernanda Prados, Izabel Fernanda Machado, Luiz Gustavo Del Bianchi da Silva Lima, Newton Kiyoshi Fukumasu, Roberto Martins Souza, Vanessa Seriacopi (USP) 5:50pm 6:10pm effect of size nodule graphite on the wear resistance of adi: Friction behaviour and the stribeck curve in reciprocating a finite element study - Wilson Luiz Guesser (UDESC), Carlos cycles - Eduardo Dominguez Trindade (Petrobras), Amilton Henrique da Silva, Fábio Koda, Jairo Alberto Blanco Martinez, Luiz Sinatora (USP) Henrique Accorsi Gans (UTFPR) 7:00pm 9:00pm Cocktail Author’s coffee effect of temperature and atmosphere on the tribological behaviour of high tribological performance Peek (Polyether ether ketone) composite - Renan Muller Schroeder (R&D solutions), Aloisio Nelmo Klein, Cristiano Binder, Diego Vinicius Dalevedo Barboza, Felipe Darabas Rzatki, Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFSC) Author’s coffee The future of lubricants is in “closing the cycle” and ecotoxicity; cutting oil emulsions as an example - K. R. Sathwik Chatra, Satish V. Kailas (Indian Institute of Science) OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 4th - TuesdAy Room 1 CésaR LaTTes audiToRium Time Room 2 FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room 8:00am 8:30am Author’s coffee 8:30am 9:30am PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. WilfriedJ. Bartz - Technische Akademie Esslingen e. V., Germany energy sources for the Future - Tribological aspects of Water and Wind energy Plants Author’s coffee 9:30am 9:50am modelling the dynamic behaviour of large hydro generating units guide bearings - Geraldo Carvalho Brito Junior (Itaipu Binacional), Anselmo Chaves Neto, Roberto Dalledone Machado (UFPR) Tribological study of self-lubricating composites with hexagonal boron nitride and graphite as solid lubricants Kelen Juliane Mucelin, Priscila da Costa Gonçalves, Gisele Hammes (UFSC), Roberto Binder (Whirlpool- Embraco Unit), Rolf Janssen (Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg), Aloisio Nelmo Klein (UFSC), José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFU) 9:50am 10:10am effect of the presence of the lifting pocket on the THd performance of a large tilting-pad thrust bearing - Michel Fillon (Institut Pprime), Michał Wodtke, Michał Wasilczuk (Gdansk University of Technology) Tribological properties of Tio2/au nanocomposites aimed toward decorative thin films applications - A. Cavaleiro (University of Coimbra), E. Alves, N.P. Barradas (Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear), C.S. Abreu, F. Vaz, J. Matos, J.R. Gomes, M. Torrell (Universidade do Minho) 10:10am 10:30am itaipu Binacional hydro power plant thrust bearing design optimization for higher efficiency - Andreas Schubert, Michel Spiridon, Piotr Pajaczkowski (Alstom Renewable), Geraldo Carvalho Brito Júnior, João Maria Marra (Itaipu Binacional) surface microhardness of aisi 4140 steel nitrided during electric discharge machining - Rogério Felício dos Santos, Ernane Rodrigues da Silva (CEFET-MG), André Rezende Figueiredo Oliveira, Henara Lillian Costa, Alberto Arnaldo Raslan (UFU) 10:30am 12:10pm Coffee break / Poster session* 12:10pm 2:10pm Lunch 2:10pm 2:50pm inviTed sPeakeR Global impact of friction on energy use in transportation and industry - Prof. Kenneth Holmberg - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland inviTed sPeakeR Frictional Behavior of micro-rolling elements - Prof. Dae-Eun Kim - Yonsei University-Korea 2:50pm 3:10pm Tribological properties of Carbon nanotubes as lubricant additive in oil and water for a wheel-rail system - Javier Lara Romero, Jesús A. Carlos Cornelio (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo), Alejandro Toro, Paula A. Cuervo Velásquez (National University of Colombia), Lina M. Hoyos Palacio (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana) The phenomenon of thermo-capillary migration effected by surface micro-grooves - Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei Wang (Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics) 3:10pm 3:30pm dry and lubricated wear of rail steel under rolling contact fatigue - Alejandro Toro, Juan Felipe Santa, Santiago MayaJohnson - National University of Colombia effect of liner texture on ring/liner tribological performance Gustavo C. Buscaglia, Hugo M. Checo (USP), Mohammed Jai (Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon) 4:00pm 6:00pm visit to itaipu Binacional - the second biggest hydroelectric power plant in the world 8:00pm 11:00pm dinner OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 4th - TuesdAy *PosTeR session - 10:30am to 12:10pm abrasion resistance of nickel aluminide coatings deposited by HvoF and PTa processes Marjorie Benegra, Giuseppe Pintaude, Ossimar Maranho, Ana Luiza Beltrão Santana (UTFPR) analysis of lubricant action of biodiesel using response surface methodology Valdicleide Silva Mello, Salete Martins Alves (UFRN) analysis of the amplitude influence on the ultrasonic cavitation test of the aBnT304 stainless steel using optical profilometer Anderson Geraldo Marenda Pukasiewicz, Wellington Uczak de Goes (UTFPR) aplication of acoustic emission for monitoring erosive wear tests of low carbon steel by solid particles Gustavo Borges Tiboni (Aker Solutions do Brasil), Carlos Henrique da Silva (UFTPR) Comparative study of the wear of specimens lubricated with mineral oil or biofluids Dyego Monteiro de Souza, Antonio Paulino de Araujo Neto, João Telésforo Nobrega de Medeiros (UFRN), Lauralice de Campos Franceschine Canale (USP) High performance lubricant from modified vegetable oil Salete Martins Alves, Marinalva FerreiraTrajano, Erinéia da Silva Santos (UFRN) High temperature/velocity erosion of thermal barrier coatings: field diagnosis and laboratory testing approach Alejandro Toro, Augusto César Barrios Tamayo, Luis Emilio Tobón Botero (National University of Colombia), Pablo Andrés Gómez Florez (EPM) kinetic friction modeling and standard uncertainty measurement determination for sliding bearing on shaft apparatus Carlos Henrique da Silva, João Luiz do Vale (UTFPR) mechanical strength in two ferrous alloys Diogo Tenório dos Santos (Centro Universitário da FEI), Júlio César Dutra (University of Guarulhos), Nivaldo Lemos Coppini (Unicamp) micro-abrasive wear behaviour of an iron aluminide alloy under conditions of room and elevated temperatures Cláudio Geraldo Schön, Ronaldo Câmara Cozza (USP), Lucas Cremonese Rodrigues (Centro Universitário da FEI) micro-abrasive wear test of low-temperature plasma nitrided aisi 420 steel: effects of previous heat treatment on wear behaviour Renan Akio Fraga, Rodrigo Perito Cardoso, Silvio Francisco Brunatto (UFPR), Cristiano José Scheuer (UFSM) microstructure and properties of CoCrmosi alloy coatings by plasma transferred arc (PTa) weld surfacing Adriano Scheid, Rafael Guetter Bohatch (UFPR) study of the surface morphology of a carbon steel after testings corrosive-cavitative-erosive wear in aqueous medium with salt (naCl), Co2 and solid particulates (sio2) fractions Fernando Nunes da Silva, Plínio Melo de Oliveira, Eugênio Teixeira de Carvalho Filho, Djalma Ribeiro da Silva, João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros (UFRN), Jardel Dantas da Cunha (UFERSA) Test apparatus for evaluation of the friction force and wear abrasive applied to unloading tripper trucks Elvys Isaias Mercado Curi, João da Silva Júnior, Richard de Medeiros Castro (Faculdade SATC) Tribological behaviour of dental enamel under reciprocating sliding Priscilla Pessin Coppo, Rafael Yagüe Ballester (USP), Mateus Aguiar Martins, Cherlio Scandian (UFES), Flavio José da Silva (UFPE) OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 5th - WedNesdAy Time 8:00am 8:30am 9:30am 8:30am 9:30am 9:50am 9:50am 10:10am 10:10am 10:30am 10:30am 10:30am 11:00am 11:00am 11:00am 11:40am 11:40am 12:00pm 12:00pm 12:20pm 12:20pm 12:40pm 12:40pm 1:30pm 2:00pm 2:00pm 2:00pm 2:40pm 2:40pm 3:00pm 3:00pm 3:20pm 3:20pm 3:40pm 3:40pm 3:40pm 4:10pm 4:10pm 4:10pm 4:30pm 4:30pm 4:50pm 4:50pm 5:10pm 5:10pm 5:30pm Room 1 CésaR LaTTes audiToRium Room 2 FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room Author’s coffee Author’s coffee PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Jianbin Luo - Tsinghua University, China - advancements in Liquid superlubricity The dislocation structure and stick-slip Phenomenon - A. The influence of the normal load and grit size on the abrasive Laikhtman, V. Perfilyev, A. Moshkovich, I. Lapsker, L. Rapoport (Holon wear of polymeric materials used in mining industry - Lionel Institute of Technology) Loïc Limol, Davi Andrade Fagundes, Vinicius Varnier Schmitberger, Marcelo Camargo Severo de Macêdo, Cherlio Scandian (UFES) The influence of topography on the specific dissipated friction Processing methods and predictive model for wavy-tilt-dam power in ultra-mild sliding wear: experiment and simulation - mechanical seal - Yuechang Wang, Ying Liu, Zhi Gao, Weifeng Alfons Fischer, Daniel Stickel (University of Duisburg-Essen) Huang, Yuming Wang (Tsinghua University) dry sliding wear of Ca-6nm stainless steel with relatively low experimental evaluation of the method air scouring used surface roughness - Giuseppe Pintaude (UTFPR), Gismar Schilive de in flushing systems for cleaning pipes - Vitor Orlando Ferreira, Richard de Medeiros Castro, Elvys Isaias Mercado Curyi, João da Silva Souza, Rogério Breganon, Silvio Francisco Brunatto (UFPR) Júnior (Faculty SATC) Coffee break Author’s coffee Author’s coffee inviTed sPeakeR inviTed sPeakeR Tribology of artificial Hip Joints - Prof. Zhongmin Jin - University Plasma diagnostics and materials characterization of oxide of Leeds, UK and oxynitride thin films deposited by reactive HiPims - Prof. Pierre-Yves Jouan - Institut des Matériaux Jean-Rouxel, France Tribocurrent and Friction Force at a metal-insulator investigation of Frictional Behavior of o-ring Roller - Dae-Eun interfaces: a Common origin - Ali Erdemir, Thiago A. L. Burgo Kim, Do-Hyeong Kim (Yonsei University) (Argonne National Laboratory) evaluation of Triboelectricity in diamond-like Coatings Control strategies for friction dampers: numerical assessment containing silver nanoparticles using aFm and kPFm - Lucia and experiemtal investigations - Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto, Vieira, Homero Santiago Maciel, Rodrigo Savio Pessoa (ITA), Thaisa Humberto Tronconi Coelho, Marcelo Braga dos Santos (UFU) Baesso Santos (UNIVAP) Tribo-electric behaviors of materials under high speed and assessment of multifunctional coating adhesion: comparison large current - Yong-Zhen Zhang, Xian-Juan Pang, Bao Shangguan between indentation and scratch tests - Renan Oss Giacomelli, (Henan University of Science and Technology), Zheng-Hai Yang José Mário de Mattos, Pedro Besen Soprano, Diego Salvaro, Cristiano (Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protections) Binder, Aloísio Nelmo Klein, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFSC) Lunch Author’s coffee Author’s coffee PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Amilton Sinatora - Sao Paulo State University, Brazil Tribology of FLeX - FueL engines an on going consortium Wear analyses of mill components in an iron ore pelletizing assessment of velocity accommodation mechanisms activated plant - Andre de Almeida Grilo, Fabio Arielo Guastala, José in pin-on-disc contact at high temperature - Christine Boher, Guilherme Pelição Pancieri (Vale), Marcelo Tadeu Milan (Materials Farhad Rezaï-Aria, Karin Faria Pinho (Institut Clément Ader), Yves Institute of Brazil) Berthier (INSA-Lyon), Cherlio Scandian (UFES) a discussion on the application of bi-dimensional shape Genesis and stability of tribolayers in solid lubrication: case factors of particles causing severe wear of metals - Giuseppe of pair dLC-stainless steel - Márcio Silvério, Roberto Binder, Pintaude, Mario Coseglio (UTFPR) Renan Schoreder (Embraco), Diego Berti Salvaro, Cristiano Binder, Deise Rebelo Consoni, Aloisio Nelmo Klein, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFSC) influence of normal load and counterface roughness Tribological behavior of thread compound for applications in on micro-abrasion/corrosion of aisi 304 in 1n H2so4 oil and gas industry - Nicolás Ariel Zabala, Walter Roberto Tuckart environment - Wilian da Silva Labiapari (Aperam South America), (UNS-CONICET), Pablo Adrián Castro (TenarisSiderca R&D Center) Miguel Angel Narvaez Ardila, Marcelo Braga dos Santos, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFU) Coffee break Author’s coffee Author’s coffee niobium carbide (nbC) as wear resistant hardmetal in opened Grease lubrication of gears - Johann-Paul Stemplinger, Karsten and closed tribosystems - Mathias Woydt (BAM Federal Institute for Stahl (Technische Universitaet Muenchen) Materials Research and Testing), Hardy Mohrbacher (Niobelcon BVBA) Preliminary effectiveness of ultrasonic nanocrystallline evaluation of bearing, gears and gearboxes performance with surface modification on the tribological properties of sintered different wind turbine gear oils - Carlos M.C.G. Fernandes, Jorge alumina - Amanov Auezhan, Pyun Young-Sik (Sun Moon University) H. O. Seabra, Ramiro Carneiro Martins (Universidade do Porto) master plan of lubrification: how to implement an efficient Tribological properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for use lubrication plan in the mining sector - Angelo dos Reis as artificial articular cartilage - José R. Gomes, V. Rego, V.M. Magalhães, Adilson Leite Araujo, Baltazar Agenor Bailona, Pedro Sardinha (Universidade do Minho), L.L. Lima, C.A.C. Zavaglia, W.D. Henrique Cardoso Furtado, Hugo Leonardo Freitas, Marcos Alexsandro Belangero, V.P. Bavaresco (Unicamp) Reis (Anglo American) Closure ceremony We recorded a special thanks to our volunteers, committee organizational/editorial, lectures and presidents invited to the technical sessions. Summary Abstracts (in alphabetical order of titles)......................................................... 3 Author Index........................................................................................................................ 29 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25345 A discussion on the application of bi-dimensional shape factors of particles causing severe wear of metals Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR Mario Coseglio – UTFPR The use of two-dimensional shape parameters to characterize abrasive particles is a possible approach to express their angularity. Nonetheless, in sliding abrasion, especially in pin abrasion testing, coated papers structure plays an important role and even its damage during the wear process should not be neglected. This manuscript discuss the limitations of two-dimensional shape descriptors in distinguishing wear caused by relatively hard particles, indicating that the wear data obtained in sliding abrasion tests are unable to distinguish different types of coated papers used when only the two-dimensional particle projection is considered for shape characterization. Keywords: Wear; Particle shape; Sliding abrasion. 25354 ABRASION RESISTANCE OF NICKEL ALUMINIDE COATINGS DEPOSITED BY HVOF AND PTA PROCESSES Marjorie Benegra – UTFPR Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR Ossimar Maranho – UTFPR Ana Luiza Beltrão Santana – UTFPR This study aims to compare the wear resistance assessed in rubber wheel abrasion test of nickel aluminide coatings deposited by for Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) and High Velocity Oxigen Fuel (HVOF) manufacturing, using the same raw material. A nickel aluminide powder was atomized and deposited on 316L steel plate substrate. After deposition, some specimens were submitted to a heat treating (1,200°C for 24 h followed by 760°C for 24 h). The coatings deposited using PTA developed different microstructures due to the incorporation of substrate elements, its performance was better than the HVOF coatings, although their Vickers hardness was similar. After heat treating, a significant variation in hardness and wear resistance was observed. For PTA specimens, there were decrease in hardness of 35%, while for HVOF ones this drop was approximately 20%. Nonetheless, the effect of thermal exposure in wear resistance was quite different: an increase 3 of 21% was observed for HVOF coatings, while a reduction of 20% occurred in PTA ones. Microstructures modifications in PTA coatings were significant for their wear resistance. On the other hand, the reduction of porosity and sintering were responsible for a better performance of heattreated HVOF coatings. Keywords: Rubber wheel abrasion; HVOF; PTA; Nickel aluminide coatings. 25773 ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL LOAD OF MULTILAYERED/GRADIENT CrAlSiN PVD COATINGS MEANSURED USING SCRATCH TESTS Washington Martins da Silva Júnior – UFU Vinícius Carvalho Teles – UFU Silviu Victor – UFSC Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira – UFSC José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU In stamping process, sliding between metal sheet and forming tool leads to wear of tool surface. Maintenance of stamping tools involves polishing the tool edge, or, in case of severe damage, replacement of the tool. Hard coatings have been applied on the stamping tool surfaces in order to reduce the maintenance cost causing a great economic impact in metal work industry. In this work, CrAlSiN coatings were applied by PVD onto SRV2W tool steel. The coating toughness was avaliated by the critical load in scratch tests. The following coating parameters were analyzed: 1- substrate surface finishing process; 2- coating architecture (multilayer or gradient); 3- chemical composition of the coating. AlSi concentration varied from the substrate/coating interface to the surface. Coatings were 3 µm thick. Scratch tests were carried out using a Vickers indenter. The applied normal load was varied from 0 to 13 N for a scratch length of 5 mm. In order to study the effect in the toughness, the substrate roughness was controlled by the finishing process before PVD coating. Samples subjected to polishing presented highest critical loads. Gradient coatings presented higher critical loads than those with a multilayer architecture. Coatings with higher concentration of AlSi near the surface supported higher loads before failure. Keywords: PVD coatings; Coating architecture; Multilayered/gradient coating; Scratch test; Coating toughness. 4 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25540 ANALYSIS OF LUBRICANT ACTION OF BIODIESEL USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY Valdicleide Silva Mello – UFRN Salete Martins Alves – UFRN Nowadays the biodiesel use is obligate in Brazil, in order to reduce the emissions of fuel burn. However, it is important to analyze which percentage of biodiesel is necessary to keep or improve the lubricant action of fuel for diesel engine, as well which kind of biodiesel give better performance. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the parameters that keep the lubricant action of biofuels, by using the Box-Behnken design type to optimize them. In this design was evaluated the input parameters: the type of the biodiesel (soybean, sunflower and palm), the concentration (5%, 20% and 100%) and the temperature of contact (25°C, 40°C and 60°C). The analyzed output parameters were the percentage of film formation, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter (WSD) of ball, these output parameters were obtained by HFRR tribometer and they were analyzed applying response surface methodology. With this methodology was possible to determine the simultaneous influence and the interactions between two or more independent variables investigated. The response surfaces generated for the coefficients of friction, WSD, film formation showed a higher lubricant action for higher levels of concentration of biodiesel. An increase in lubricant action was found to high and intermediate temperature. Keywords: Biodiesel; Lubricity; Response surface methodology. 25678 ANALYSIS OF THE AMPLITUDE INFLUENCE ON THE ULTRASONIC CAVITATION TEST OF THE ABNT304 STAINLESS STEEL USING OPTICAL PROFILOMETER Wellington Uczak de Goes – UTFPR Anderson Geraldo Marenda Pukasiewicz – UTFPR Cavitation mass loss occurs when a surface is exposed to a fluid with a localized pressure variation. Cavitation erosion frequently occurs in hydraulic equipments like: hydraulic turbines, valves, pumps and ship propellers. The main goal of this work is to perform an experimental investigation of the vibration amplitude influence on the cavitation mass loss of a stainless steel, and the consequences on the roughness of the material. The experimental investigation was performed using an ultrasonic cavitation test with indirect method in accordance to ASTM G32/03. Different amplitudes were applied, and the mass loss and roughness were measured during cavitation tests. The roughness was measured using an optical profilometer. The average profile was calculated from five random profiles of the sample at each test time near the center of the cavitated area. With the increase on the amplitude of vibration, the mass loss of the tested samples increase, and a reduction on the period of incubation was observed. The increase on the amplitude of the ultrasonic equipment promote a change on the roughness profile behavior of the samples, and an increase on the Ra and Rq were observed. Additionally to Ra and Rq, different aspects of the surface roughness were evaluated. Keywords: Cavitation; Optical profilometry; Erosion rate; Surface roughness. 25717 APLICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION FOR MONITORING EROSIVE WEAR TESTS OF LOW CARBON STEEL BY SOLID PARTICLES Gustavo Borges Tiboni – Aker Solutions do Brasil Carlos Henrique da Silva – UFTPR The erosive wear caused by the impact of solid particles against a surface is a tribological phenomenon present in many segments of the industry, such as transportation, aerospace, mining, power generation, among others. The most usual method to set the wear rate is by measuring the mass loss of the material. In order to apply one technique with potential to determine the rate of erosion wear, this study developed a dedicated equipment and conducted preliminary erosion tests monitored by non-destructive testing known as acoustic emission technique (AE). This can be defined as a technique able to detect mechanical waves generated by the release of elastic energy accumulated in the material. Erosion tests were performed in order to evaluate the ability of equipment to collect data from AE and to correlate these data with the wear of the samples. Samples of low carbon steel eroded by the impact of angular aluminum oxide particles suspended in air at three different velocities: 45, 57 and 67 m/s. The Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 5 impact angle between the particles and the sample was set at 30 degrees and the test temperature at approximately 20°C. The wear rate has changed with the velocity in accordance with the kinetic energy of the particles and the AE parameter RMS showed sensitivity to the variation of particle impact velocity and to the wear of the sample eroded. The rate of AE signals collected over time correlated with the flow of particles striking the sample, and with the parameters of energy, rise time and duration of the signal. 25743 Keywords: Acoustic emission; Erosion; Wear rate; Wear mechanisms; RMS. The adhesion of multifunctional coatings on soft substrates is of paramount importance in the tribological behavior of this important class of surface treatment. In particular, scratch and indentation tests have been extensively used in order to assess this property. In this paper, the adhesion of a-C:H diamond-like carbon films deposited on nitrided low carbon steel was evaluated by indentation and scratch tests. The coatings were produced by PECVD onto 1020 steel substrates with two different surface finishing: ground (Sq = 0.184 µm) and polished (Sq = 0.002 µm). Indentation tests using a Rockwell diamond indenter were conducted and the adhesion evaluated by measuring the spalling region on images obtained by using optical microscopy. The analysis of the spalling regions produced semiquantitative results, eliminating the subjective qualitative analysis proposed by the standard method VDI 3198. In addition, scratch tests were performed using the same indenter and a comparison between the two techniques was established. 25751 Assessment of automotive lubricant oil evolution through technology prospecting Renata Cristina Teixeira – Petrobras S.A. Eduardo Dominguez Trindade – Petrobras S.A. The lubricant oil is a complex mixture of different basestocks and additives. Engine oils evolved from the use of pure mineral basestocks back in the early years of automotive industry to the advent of synthetic, fully formulated, low ash lubricants. This evolution was driven by a number of factors, such as new engine designs, extended durability needs, increased fuel economy needs, environmental concerns, feedstock prices and availability and legal issues. This paper uses technology prospecting on literature and patents databases to allow an investigation on the historical evolution of engine oils. Main basestocks (mineral, hydrotreated, polyalphaolefins, esters) and additives (antioxidants, antiwear, friction modifiers, detergents and dispersants) are characterized according to their research effort. Technology prospecting data is crosschecked against the evolution of engine oil classes, allowing an analysis of how the main drivers push the development of lubricant oil quality. A research effort was identified in late 1990’s until mid2000’s and related to the adoption of chemical limits for lubricants. Different patterns for the articles and patents publication account for the high value technological knowledge has in this industry. Technology prospecting is seen as a useful methodology for the understanding and forecast of lubricant technology movements. Keywords: Lubricant; Base oil; Lubricant additive; Technology prospecting. ASSESSMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL COATING ADHESION: COMPARISON BETWEEN INDENTATION AND SCRATCH TESTS Renan Oss Giacomelli – UFSC José Mário de Mattos – UFSC Pedro Besen Soprano – UFSC Diego Salvaro – UFSC Cristiano Binder – UFSC Aloísio Nelmo Klein – UFSC José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC Keywords: Diamond-like carbon; Adhesion; Topography; Nitrided steel. 25422 ASSESSMENT OF VELOCITY ACCOMMODATION MECHANISMS ACTIVATED IN PIN-ON-DISC CONTACT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE Karin Faria Pinho – Institut Clément Ader Christine Boher – Institut Clément Ader Yves Berthier – INSA-Lyon Cherlio Scandian – UFES Farhad Rezaï-Aria – Institut Clément Ader The purpose of this paper is to assess the velocity accommodation mechanisms in a pin-on-disc contact at high temperature. Two test campaigns were carried out: a high rotational speed (300 rpm) and low rotational speed (10 rpm). 6 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 In both campaigns, the velocity accommodation mechanisms have been identified from postmortem observations of the contact surfaces. The interpretation of these observations was found to be highly dependent on the methodology of analysis used. Regardless of the rotational speed, the velocity accommodation mechanisms activated in the contact were quite similar in the two series of tests. Keywords: Velocity accommodation mechanisms; Third body; High temperature; Friction. 25384 CAVITATION EROSION DAMAGE OF METALLIC MATERIALS IN ROTATING DISK TESTING José Divo Bressan – Udesc Marcos Antunes Klemz – Udesc Gil Bazanini – Udesc Present work examines material surface damage by cavitation erosion of metals or the wear phenomenon from water bubbles collapse near the metallic surface. Material surface damage by cavitation erosion is due to wear mechanisms of liquid micro-jets impingement and shock waves. Experimental cavitation in tap water was investigated, using the proposed new design of compact rotating disk equipment. In this device, a rotating disk with cavitation inducers and specimens fixed on it ran in tap water to provide cavitating flow at constant high speed of 47.9 m/s similar to service conditions in pumps and propellers. Two types of cavitation inducers in the rotating disk were investigated: throughholes and pins. Carburized cast iron, aluminum, brass and bronze specimens were tested in this device. The cavitation damage mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscope. Surface damage in the specimens was measured by mass loss and plotted in graphs of mass loss versus running time. After 25 hours testing, the specimens surface showed pitting formation and mass loss. All specimens presented surface damage: pit diameter size was about 100 or 150 to 300 micron. In aluminum specimen, damages by burned pit formation and plastic deformation could be seen, however, the mass loss was lower than the expected, possibly due to alumina film formation. Present equipment had quite good test reproducibility when compared with results from literature. Keywords: Cavitation testing; Cavitation erosion; Non-ferrous metals; Scanning electron microscope. 25774 CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF ACTIVE SCREEN-LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA NITRIDED AISI 410 MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL Luis Armando Espitia – USP Hanshan Dong – University of Birmingham Xiao-Ying Li – University of Birmingham Carlos Eduardo Pinedo – Heat Tech André Paulo Tschiptschin – USP AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel specimens were low temperature plasma nitrided at 400°C in a mixture of 75%N2:25%H2, during 20 h. Active screen technic was used to avoid any edge effect The nitrided case is composed of expanded martensite (α’N) and ε-Fe3N iron nitride, whilst chromium nitride precipitation was avoided. Surface hardness reached 1275 HV0.01. The transverse microhardness profile shows a gentle hardness gradient with a NHT nitrided case depth of 28 µm. Nanoindentation tests were carried out in order to assess the hardness (H), the Young modulus (E), the H/E and H3/E2 ratios and the elastic recovery (We) of both nitrided and nonnitrided specimens. The cavitation erosion mass losses were measured as a function of exposure time. The results showed a decrease of 27 times of the mass loss compared to the non-nitride specimens. Wear rate decreased from 2.56 mg/h for the non-nitrided condition to 0.085 mg/h after nitriding. The increment in the elastic recovery and the higher hardness values are responsible for the greater cavitation erosion resistance exhibited by the expanded martensite. Such results showed that low temperature plasma nitriding and the formation of expanded martensite are effective to increase cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 410 stainless steel. Keywords: Martensitic stainless steel; Cavitation erosion; Active screen plasma nitriding. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25623 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WEAR OF SPECIMENS LUBRICATED WITH MINERAL OIL OR BIOFLUIDS Dyego Monteiro de Souza – UFRN Antonio Paulino de Araujo Neto – UFRN Lauralice de Campos Franceschine. Canale – USP João Telésforo Nobrega de Medeiros – UFRN This study compares the wear resistance of specimens lubricated with biofluids or mineral oil. Tribological studies were performed by ball-cratering test. In these tests were used as lubricants epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil and mineral oil. The specimens used were untreated and nitrided AISI 4140, while a steel ball AISI 52100 was used as a counterbody. In order to analyze the results obtained, the worn volume was calculated and the characterization of the crater, after the test, was made using optical microscopy and SEM. Wettability was also measured for the different surface condition and lubricants. As expected both specimens showed a smaller volume worn when lubricated with mineral oil due to inherent properties of this type of lubricant. Among the vegetable oils studied, the castor oil showed a better performance in the lubrication of the specimens untreated while on the nitrided specimen have shown less wear when lubricated with epoxidized soybean oil, indicating a difference in the efficiency of oils, as lubricants, depending on the surface conditions of the mechanical components. Keywords: Tribology; Wear; Nitrided; Biofluids. 25734 Comparisons of tribological properties of Ti(C,N)/SiC in water and seawater Wei Huang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Qingwen Dai – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Lei Liu – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Xiaolei Wang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Ti(C,N)-based cermets offer good high temperature strength, perfect chemical stability, excellent wear resistance, and relativly better machinability. In the present work, the tribological behaviors of Ti(C,N)/SiC sliding pairs lubricated in water and seawater were evaluated using a ball-on-disk 7 tribometer. The experimental results show that a relatively low friction coefficient (about 0.025) can be obtained when lubricated with artificial seawater at the sliding speed of 200 mm/s, while the date is about 0.2 in purified water. The wear surface profiles and the lubricants collected after running-in process for the high/low friction conditions were compared. In addition, the effect of salt molar concentration of the lubricant on the Ti(C,N)/SiC friction properties was investigated. It was found that the smooth and flat surface is the premise to gain the low friction. At the same time, the proper concentration of silica colloid, which is affected by the salt ions, is also an essential one. Moreover, the high sliding speed (200 mm/s) is beneficial to achieve low friction. Keywords: Cermets; Friction; Boundary lubrication; Tribochemistry. 25546 CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR FRICTION DAMPERS: NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIEMTAL INVESTIGATIONS Humberto Tronconi Coelho – UFU Marcelo Braga dos Santos – UFU Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto – UFU The use of friction dampers are wide proposed for a variety of mechanical systems for which it is not possible to apply viscoelastic materials, fluid based dampers or others viscous dampers. An important example is the application of friction dampers in aircraft engines to reduce the blades vibration amplitudes. In most cases, friction dampers have been studied in a passive way, however, a significant improvement can be achieved by controlling the normal force in the contact region. The aim of this paper is to study four control strategies for friction dampers based on three different hysteresis cycles. The first control strategy maximizes the energy removal in each harmonic oscillation cycle, by calculating the optimum normal force based on the last displacement peak. The second control strategy combines the first one with the maximum energy removal strategy used in the smart spring devices. Finally, is presented the strategy which homogenously modulates the friction force. Numerical studies were performed with these four strategies defining the performance metrics. The best control strategy was applied experimentally. The experimental test rig was fully identified and its parameters were used 8 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 for numerical simulations. The obtained results have shown the good performance for the friction damper and selected strategy, also, the agreement between numerical and experimental results. 25694 Keywords: Friction damper; Hysteresis cycle; Semi-active control strategies. Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR Gismar Schilive de Souza – UFPR Rogério Breganon – UFPR Silvio Francisco Brunatto – UFPR 25605 DRY AND LUBRICATED WEAR OF RAIL STEEL UNDER ROLLING CONTACT FATIGUE Santiago Maya-Johnson – National University of Colombia Juan Felipe Santa – National University of Colombia Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is an issue for railways. In this work, the dry and lubricated wear behavior of rail steels under RCF conditions was studied in laboratory. A twin-disc rolling-sliding machine was used to reproduce contact conditions under high contact pressure (1.1 GPa) and high slippage (5%) in order to simulate the operating conditions in a curved section of a commercial railway line. Two different types of tests were performed (dry and lubricated) to simulate the fluid pressurization mechanism that causes RCF. Dry tests were carried out to obtain the wear rate as a baseline. Lubricated tests were performed after 4000 dry cycles in order to promote crack’s formation and fluid pressurization. The tests were performed using a commercial lubricant and the effect of the number of cycles on wear rates and wear mechanisms caused by fluid pressurization was studied. The results showed an increase of the wear rate in lubricated tests between 10000 and 20000 cycles. After the initial 4000 dry cycles, the cracks grow to form flakes by pressurization caused by the lubricant entering into the original cracks. After several thousand cycles, the flakes were detached from the surface causing high wear rates. In all cases, the main wear mechanism is fatigue. Delamination (flaking) caused by fluid assisted crack growing was observed. Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue; Fluid pressure; Friction modifiers; Twin-disc. DRY SLIDING WEAR OF CA-6NM STAINLESS STEEL WITH RELATIVELY LOW SURFACE ROUGHNESS This study aims to evaluate the effect of specimen preparation on the dry sliding wear behavior of CA-6 NM stainless steel. Two different surface finishing manufacturing processes were applied: lapping and metallographic polishing. The wear tests were conducted in reciprocating ball-on-flat system, performed for two loads: 5 or 8 N. For all test conditions, hardmetal ball was employed as counterbody. The surfaces were evaluated using 3D interferometry technique to determine their surface roughness, including texture analysis regarding isotropy. Surface characterization results indicated the presence of texturing and preferential orientation, since the parameter Str was smaller than 0.5 for samples of both the studied conditions. Two distinct levels of isotropy evaluated through Str parameter were achieved: 0.13 for lapping and 0.3 for metallographic polishing process. It is clear from wear tests that the variation of average surface roughness is the key point for tribological behavior of CA-6 NM stainless steel. Keywords: Sliding wear; Stainless steel; Polishing; Lapping. 25420 EFFECT OF LINER TEXTURE ON RING/ LINER TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE Hugo M. Checo – USP Mohammed Jai – Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon Gustavo C. Buscaglia – USP Friction-reducing textures for lubricated mechanisms have received much attention since the advent of microtexturing techniques. In this work we consider the piston ring/liner contact, numerically simulating the rings as they slide against a textured liner. This situation has not been sufficiently analyzed because its numerical complexity is much greater than that of texturing the rings. Further, we consider the actual typical geometries of oil-control, wiper and compression rings, under realistic loads and velocities. The results show the possibility of friction reduction Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 when the texture on the liner is properly designed, identifying starvation alleviation as a crucial intervening mechanism. Keywords: Laser texture; Cylinder liner; Piston ring; Mass-conservative model; Friction; Fourstroke cycle. 25405 Effect Of Silica Concentracion On Wear And Friction Of Silicon Nitride Sliding Against Alumina In Water Roberto Pereira de Oliveira – USP Eliel dos Santos – USP Amilton Sinatora – USP A comparison of the effects in the concentration of colloidal silica on the water lubricants in the sliding wear of ceramic couples was conducted. Particular attention was paid to the running-in and steady state periods. The objective of this tests were verify if the change of the concentration of colloidal silica in the water, decreases the runningin, time required for the system reach the steady state of friction coefficient, and quantify the wear and the friction coefficient on this couple. Tribological tests were performed using a ballon-disc setup, Si3N4 balls and Al2O3 discs were used, with a temperature of (22 ± 2) °C, a sliding speed of (1.00 ± 0.03) m/s and a load of (54.25 ± 0.17) N. The values of concentration of colloidal silica used in the tests were 0,014 g/L, 0,028g/L, 0,056 g/L e 0,112g/L and the pH value used in the tests was 8,5. The water used in the experiments was distilled and deionized and a commercial amorphous silica, without porosity and average particle size of 12 nanometers. The wear of the disc remained below that obtained on the ball in all of the tests. In hydrossol the friction coefficient reached units of thousandths up to a concentration of 0.028 g/L, after this value was an increase in the coefficient of friction, indicating an ideal amount of colloidal silica. Furthermore greatly increases in the concentration of colloidal silica also increases the wear on the surfaces. No change was observed in relation to the running-in time. Keywords: Sliding wear; Ceramics; Tribochemistry; Lubrication; Water. 9 25314 EFFECT OF SIZE NODULE GRAPHITE ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF ADI: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY Luiz Henrique Accorsi Gans – UTFPR Jairo Alberto Blanco Martinez – UTFPR Fábio Koda – UTFPR Wilson Luiz Guesser – UDESC Carlos Henrique da Silva – UTFPR First, this works carries an experimental evaluation for austempered ductile iron (ADI) as a gear material. And second, in order to provide a better understanding of the microstructural effect on the stress state of subsurface regions, a finite element method approach was considered using the submodeling tool in ANSYS 11.0. For this, ADI gears were produced from continuous cast iron bars, heat and thermochemical treated and tested in FZG test rig. The results were compared to those of carburized steel AISI 8620 and induction hardened steel AISI 4140 gears. The wear experiments were performed at the temperature of 90ºC with two torque stages: 135 N.m (running-in) and 302 N.m (steady-state). The time for pitting and spalling on the gears surfaces were measured using image analysis. The results showed a very good potential of using ADI for manufacturing gears, replacing induction hardened steels. Also, the ADI gear with smaller nodules showed higher life for pitting. In contact fatigue tests with severe load, the carburized AISI 8620 steel proved more adequate than the austempered ductile iron, showing that the mechanical properties are critical in the resistance to damage in gear contact. The austempered ductile iron with smaller nodule size showed to be very competitive with wear resistance similar to AISI 4140 steel induction hardened. With ANSYS, it was verified that the nodule size affects the gears life independently of the mechanical properties of the matrix. The results showed that the nodules indicate the presence of a concentration stress, but their size doesn’t affect the contact fatigue life as much as the total amount of nodules, regardless of the ductile iron microstructure. The size and number of nodules affects both the nucleation and the propagation stage of cracks. ADIs with higher amount of nodules have a greater wear resistance. Also, compared to the Hertz contact theory (isotropic material), the presence of graphite 10 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 nodules indicates a non-isotropic material and made the maximum shear stress point moves toward the surface. Keywords: Fatigue contact; Austempered ductile iron; Gear; Finite element analysis. 25733 Effect of temperature and atmosphere on the tribological behaviour of high tribological performance PEEK (Polyether ether ketone) composite Felipe Darabas Rzatki – UFSC Diego Vinicius Dalevedo Barboza – UFSC Renan Muller Schroeder – R&D solutions Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra – UFSC Cristiano Binder – UFSC Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high performance thermoplastic often selected for high temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments. The present work evaluate the tribological behavior of a high performance PEEK composite under ambient and high temperature (30 and 80°C, respectively). The atmosphere was also varied (air or tetrafluorethane). An AMTI tribometer equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating system was used to carry out sliding tests of PEEK cylinders on 304 stainless steel polished discs (Sq < 10 nm) with reciprocating movement and 175 N normal force. Surfaces roughness analyses were performed with a white light interferometer. As expected, there was a strong influence of temperature on the tribological behavior of the samples tested in ambient atmosphere (25% decrease in friction coefficient associated with a 100% increase in wear rate). On the other hand, samples tested in tetrafluorethane atmosphere showed no significant friction temperature dependence. Keywords: Solid lubricant; Thermoplastics; Environment; Temperature. 25279 EFFECT OF THE PRESENCE OF THE LIFTING POCKET ON THE THD PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE TILTINGPAD THRUST BEARING Michel Fillon – Institut Pprime Michał Wodtke – Gdansk University of Technology Michał Wasilczuk – Gdansk University of Technology Hydrostatic assistance is a commonly used method to improve limited load carrying ability of tiltingpad thrust bearings during transient states of operation of the vertical shaft hydro-generators. Despite of special hydraulic equipment (as pumps, valves etc.), it also requires manufacturing of special recesses/pockets at the pad sliding surfaces, into which oil is injected under high pressure. It allows to lift the rotor before start-up of the machine and form a hydrostatic film between the pads and the collar. There is a quite wide variety of geometry of recesses (shape, depth, size) met in practical large bearing applications. The presence of a hydrostatic pocket (usually located in the sliding surface above the pivot area, where thin film, high oil pressure and temperature are observed) affects bearing performance under hydrodynamic operation. In theoretical researches, there is an almost common practice not to include hydrostatic recess in THD or TEHD analysis. This is probably due to the problems with obtaining solution for oil film geometry with pocket, with pocket depths order of magnitude larger than gap thickness. In this paper, an attempt was taken to study the effect of the lifting pocket on THD performance of a large tilting-pad thrust bearing of Itaipu power plant. Bearing performance was evaluated including recess shape for several cases of its depth. The results show, that hydrostatic recess changes calculated bearing properties quite significantly, especially in the vicinity of the pocket. Keywords: Lifting pocket; Tilting-pad thrust bearing; THD regime; Numerical simulations. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25660 EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON FILM THICKNESS AND FRICTION OF GROUP ONE ENGINE OILS Henara Lillian Costa – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Hugh Spikes – Imperial College London This paper aims to investigate the effects of a possible incorporation of ethanol to the lubricant during engine use on friction and lubricant film thickness, by adding small amounts of ethanol to Group I base (with and without an organic friction modifier) and to formulated oils. Film thickness was measured using ultrathin film interferometry. Friction tests were carried out using a mini-traction machine to obtain Stribeck curves. The film thickness measurements showed that in the region of low speeds, where the elastohydrodynamic film is very thin and therefore boundary lubrication may prevail, the addition of ethanol produced some boundary film, which was not present for the base oils. For the base oil with an organic friction modifier, the presence of ethanol increased the thickness of the low friction boundary film. For the formulated oil, the addition of ethanol reduced film thickness in all lubrication regimes. The friction tests showed some friction reduction due to addition of ethanol to the base oil, in particular at low speeds. For the formulated oil, the addition of ethanol reduced friction at high speeds, which was associated to a reduction in the viscosity of the lubricant, but at low speeds, the presence of ethanol reduced the formation of a boundary layer, increasing friction. For the base oil containing an organic friction modifier, the presence of ethanol increased the range of speeds for which low boundary friction occurred. Keywords: Ethanol; Lubricant; Engine oil; Film thickness; Stribeck curves. 25671 Evaluation of Bearing, Gears and Gearboxes Performance with Different Wind Turbine Gear Oils Ramiro Carneiro Martins – Universidade do Porto Carlos M.C.G. Fernandes – Universidade do Porto Jorge H. O. Seabra – Universidade do Porto The oil viscosity specification for wind turbine gear oils is ISO VG 320, although there are quite different viscosity indexes oils for that viscosity 11 specification. This work evaluates the behaviour of different base oil formulations, since PAO, Mineral, Ester and PAG that withstand quite different viscosity indexes. The oils evaluation was done in rolling bearing tests and gear tests. Their behaviour was compared for operating conditions in the range observable in a wind turbine gearbox. The experimental results showed considerable differences between the different oils and it was observed that depending on the contact type the relative behaviour of the lubricants would change, i.e. the best lubricant for the rolling bearing would not imply the best result on the gear tests. The gear geometry is also very important toward the transmission efficiency, once using a low loss gear concept a decrease of up to 25% in torque loss could be achieved. Numerical models were implemented with the purpose of performing a better simulation of the mechanical system and also to obtain the friction coefficient promoted by the tested oils. Keywords: Gears; Rolling bearings; Friction coefficient; Lubricants; Efficiency. 25679 EVALUATION OF TRIBOELECTRICITY IN DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING AFM AND KPFM Lucia Vieira – ITA Homero Santiago Maciel – ITA Rodrigo Savio Pessoa – ITA Thaisa Baesso Santos – UNIVAP Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) can be used to monitor electrostatic charges on the surfaces of materials. In this paper, we describe the use of KPFM to evaluate the electrostatic effect induced by silver nanoparticles incorporated as clusters in diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, before and after scratching. The results are compared to those obtained for DLC films without silver nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the DLC signature, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the presence of silver in the film. The morphology of the DLC film containing silver was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings suggest that the incorporation of silver 12 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 nanoparticles in amorphous materials could offer new options for electrostatic energy storage on the surfaces of these materials. Keywords: Triboelectricity; Diamond-like carbon; Kelvin probe force microscopy; Nanoscale scratching. 25771 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE METHOD AIR SCOURING USED IN FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR CLEANING PIPES Vitor Orlando Ferreira – Faculdade SATC Richard de Medeiros Castro – Faculdade SATC Elvys Isaias Mercado Curyi – Faculdade SATC João da Silva Júnior – Faculdade SATC The efficiency of an apparatus which uses a forced lubrication system, as well as the useful life of its components, is strongly related to the degree of contamination of lubricating oil. The presence of contaminants and the degradation of the oil itself cause it to release substances that fouling of the wall of the pipes. The cleaning and dialysis of the oil pipes, besides prolonging the life of the lubricant reduces wear of the components. There are several methods of cleaning in pipes, the problem is that some have abrasive characteristics, which could damage some types pipes. Among the non-abrasive methods stand the Flushing and Air scouring. Flushing uses the lubricating oil which circulates in temperatures alternating and high speeds, for generating turbulence to perform washing. The Air scouring method uses oil and filtered compressed air, injected into pipe, to generating higher flow, causing the power supply unit with fluid can work with lower power consumption and higher speeds, removing fouling of the pipe. The objective of this research is to evaluate the Reynolds number to correlate with the efficiency of cleaning the pipe. The method applied was the Air scouring and it was verified that the qualitative effects may occur when compared to Flushing. After testing, it was found that the chosen method brings significant changes in flow, and this flow regime varies considerably increasing the Reynolds number. Keywords: Contamination; Cleaning; Flushing; Air scouring. 25758 FRICTION BEHAVIOUR AND THE STRIBECK CURVE IN RECIPROCATING CYCLES Eduardo Dominguez Trindade – Petrobras S.A. Amilton Sinatora – USP Lubricant oils are subjected to reciprocating movement in the piston ring/cylinder tribocouple of automotive engines. In this kind of movement, the relative speed oscillates between zero and a maximum, and therefore the lubrication regime goes from boundary to hydrodynamic. Tribotests are widely used in laboratories to hint at the friction developed in these systems. In the present work, a SRV tribometer was used to evaluate the friction behaviour of lubricant oils under reciprocating movement up to 60 Hz. A high acquisition rate allowed the analysis of data inside each reciprocating cycle. Both a pure base oil and a fully formulated lubricant were used. Changes in the contact pressure, viscosity and speed were seen to influence friction, which was correlated to the relative thickness predicted by Hamrock-Dowson equation. While some observed characteristics were typical consequences of the Stribeck curve, other effects were also observed, such as the occurrence of seizure at high reciprocating frequency. A lower boundary coefficient of friction due to additive package in the formulated oil was also observed. The results allow a better understanding of friction in reciprocating cycles and can be used to evaluate the performance of oils and surfaces in laboratory prior to engine testing. Keywords: Friction; Lubricant; Tribometer; SRV; Stribeck. 25745 GENESIS AND STABILITY OF TRIBOLAYERS IN SOLID LUBRICATION: CASE OF PAIR DLCSTAINLESS STEEL Diego Berti Salvaro – UFSC Márcio Silvério – Embraco Cristiano Binder – UFSC Roberto Binder – Embraco Renan Schoreder – Embraco Deise Rebelo Consoni – UFSC Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC The morphology, dimensions and chemical composition of tribolayers strongly depend on the pressures and temperatures acting on the contact. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 They are formed by reactions between the surfaces in contact with each other as well as with the atmosphere, lubricants and possible contaminants. In this paper the influence of test time (180, 500, 1000 and 2500 h) into the formation and characteristics of tribolayers in pairs DLCstainless steel tested under refrigerant gas R134a atmosphere without presence of lubricating oil was analyzed. The characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (morphology and chemical composition) and white light interferometry (dimensions). The tribolayers thicknesses ranged from 100 to 500 nm and they were composed by elements originated from mutual transfers between the tribological pairs as well as oxides, being more pronounced on the stainless steel surface. The results show that the tribolayers are chemically stable (maintained the same composition over time) and the thickness remained stable after a thousand hours of testing. Keywords: Tribology; Tribolayer; Diamond-like carbon (DLC). 25526 Global impact of friction on energy use in transportation and industry Kenneth Holmnerg – VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ali Erdemir – Argonne National Laboratory About 100 million terajoule is used annually worldwide to overcome friction and that is one fifth of all energy produced. The largest quantities of energy are used by industry (29%) and in transportation (27%). Based on our recent studies on energy use in passenger cars, trucks and buses, we concluded that it is possible to save as much as 17.5% of the energy use in road transports in the short term (5-9 years) by effective implementation of new tribological solutions. This equals to annual energy savings of 11.6 exajoules, fuel savings of 330 billion liters and reduction in CO2 emission by 860 million tonnes. In a paper mill, 15%-25% of the energy used is spent to overcome friction. The electrical energy used by a paper machine is distributed as 32% to overcome friction, 36% for the paper production and mass transportation, and 32% is other losses. In paper machines, 11% of the total energy used to overcome friction can be saved by the implementation of new tribological technologies. This would result in electrical energy 13 savings worldwide of 130,000 terajoule, economic cost savings of 2 billion euros and CO2 emission reduction of 11 million tonnes annually. An overview of the total energy saving potential by improved tribology in transportation and industry is presented. Keywords: Friction; Energy; Lubrication; Transportation. 25571 Grease Lubrication of Gears Johann-Paul Stemplinger – Technische Universitaet Muenchen Karsten Stahl – Technische Universitaet Muenchen For lubrication of open gear drives applied in rotary furnaces, often gear greases are used as well as for lubrication of gear boxes in difficult sealing conditions. The selection of the gear grease influences strongly the wear behavior. Investigations with flow greases NLGI 00 were made in a back-to-back test rig determining the weight loss due to wear acc. to the standardised procedure ISO 14635 part 3. Different influences like base oil viscosity, thickener type and additional solid lubricant type were analysed. Only the type and amount of solid lubricant shows a significant influence on the weight loss due to wear. Finally, a linear wear coefficient clT according to the calculation method of the wear amount according to Plewe is derived and can be used to transfer the test results to any gears in practice. Keywords: Gears; Lubricant; Grease; Wear. 25372 High performance lubricant from modified vegetable oil Salete Martins Alves – UFRN Marinalva Ferreira Trajano – UFRN Erinéia da Silva Santos – UFRN The future lubricants must be more environmentally adapted, with a higher level of performance lower total life cycle, cost than currently used lubricants. Environmental friendly, the biodegradable alternatives are available for a large variety of mineral oil based lubricants. Vegetable oils are the major source of these base fluids, although they have lower thermal and oxidation stability and even worse lowtemperature behavior than mineral oil. These physical and chemical properties can be improved 14 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 by chemical modification. The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties and film formation from modified vegetable oils. The vegetable oil was chemically modified by epoxidation reaction with acetic and formic acid using sunflower oils. Viscosity, iodine value, density, acidity value and thermal stability were determined for epoxidized oils. The film formation was analyzed using a HFRR tribometer. The results showed that epoxidized vegetable oils had excellent properties to be used as lubricant, and their tribological performance is higher than mineral oil. Keywords: Epoxidation reaction; Biolubricant; Tribological performance. 25466 HIgh temperature/velocity erosion OF thermal barrier coatings: field diagnosIS and laboratory testing approach Augusto César Barrios Tamayo – National University of Colombia Luis Emilio Tobón Botero – National University of Colombia Pablo Andrés Gómez Florez – EPM Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia The high temperature erosion of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) is one of the main factors that define the lifespan in gas turbine components as it is considered the second source of failure of hot path components in power and propulsion turbine operation. The worn Top Coat (TC) surface in components such as first stage turbine blades affects the turbine efficiency due to energy losses and the increment in heat transfer to substrate. The first part of this work consists in describing a HTE test facility developed to emulate the damage conditions found in a number of components of gas turbines; in this testing machine, the samples were exposed to combustion gases moving at velocities close to 1.5 Mach and temperatures of 1100°C. The second part consists in the characterization of liners and first stage turbine blades of a GE7FA gas turbine used for power generation. The last part deal whit correlation of the features of TC’s worn surfaces with the erosion conditions and the dominant degradation mechanisms between test samples and turbine components were compared. Keywords: TBC; High temperature erosion; Turbine blade; Erosion testing facility; Turbine inspection; TMF; CTE. 25778 Influence of normal load and counterface roughness on micro-abrasion/corrosion of AISI 304 in 1N H2SO4 environment Wilian da Silva Labiapari – Aperam South America Miguel Angel Narvaez Ardila – UFU Marcelo Braga dos Santos – UFU José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU Austenitic stainless steels are widely known for their good weldability, excellent mechanical properties for deep drawing and superior corrosion resistance in environments where most of the metals fail. Their uses include many applications subjected to a combination of mechanical and corrosive wear, such as pumps, valves and surgical implants. Although their corrosion resistance has been largely investigated, their resistance to mechanical wear is less studied. In particular, their performance under conditions involving combined corrosive and mechanical wear is not well understood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the mechanical component on the electrochemical signal of an anodic polarization curve. A test rig was developed to investigate micro-abrasion-corrosion using a fixed ball configuration. Tests were carried out using stainless steel AISI 304 samples and 25.4 mm zirconia balls as counter bodies. The electrolyte was a 1N H2SO4 solution with SiO2 as abrasive dispersed at the concentration of 10 wt%. The results showed an increase in current density when the counter face roughness and the normal load applied during the tests are increased, evidencing a mechanical influence on the surface activity of this material in a corrosive environment. Keywords: Abrasion-corrosion; Mechanical influence; AISI 304. 25473 INFLUENCE OF POLYMER SHEAR THINNING ON FRICTION IN HYDRODYNAMIC CONTACTS Nigel Marx – Imperial College London R. Ian Taylor – Shell Global Solutions Hugh Spikes – Imperial College London In order to understand (and ultimately to predict) the friction reduction resulting from the use of polymer solutions, the rheological properties of model polymer solutions have been measured over a wide range of shear rates. Both Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 temporary and permanent shear thinning have been observed. By using base fluids of different viscosities it has been shown that permanent shear thinning depends more closely on the shear stress experienced by the fluid than on the strain rate. Hydrodynamic measurements have been made on the polymer solutions using a compliant ball on flat lubricated contact that operates in isoviscous-elastic conditions. The measured friction values can only be predicted with reasonable accuracy if the measured shear thinning properties of the lubricant are taken into account in the hydrodynamic model. Keywords: Viscosity modifier; Shear thinning; Hydrodynamic friction; Permanent viscosity loss. 25455 INVESTIGATION OF FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF O-RING ROLLER Dae-Eun Kim – Yonsei University Do-Hyeong Kim – Yonsei University The friction and wear properties of machine elements used in manufacturing processes affect the efficiency as well as cost in mass production. For example, many of the processes rely on the frictional interaction between the tool and the workpiece. An important application of such frictional interaction can be found in the workpiece transport system of an assembly line. In this work, the frictional behavior of an o-ring roller in contact against a glass workpiece was investigated. The frictional behavior of an o-ring is especially important for efficient transport of a glass workpiece in an assembly line. Pin-onreciprocating type of a tribotester was used to assess the frictional behavior between a rubber o-ring and a glass substrate. The o-ring was used as the pin material. It was found that the frictional behavior was dependent on the speed as well as humidity. Analyses of the wear scar on the o-ring specimen also revealed that wear amount varied with respect to speed. The results of this work are expected to aid in optimization of the contact condition between the roller and the workpiece in a production assembly line. Keywords: Friction; Glass; O-ring; Wear. 15 25488 Itaipu Binacional hydro power plant thrust bearing design optimization for higher efficiency Piotr Pajaczkowski – Alstom Renewable Michel Spiridon – Alstom Renewable Andreas Schubert – Alstom Renewable Geraldo Carvalho Brito Júnior – Itaipu Binacional João Maria Marra – Itaipu Binacional Hydro generators installed in Itaipu Binacional power plant with 824/737 MVA rated output power (50/60 Hz) belong to the largest ones in the world. Among many unique features the generators are equipped with the largest hydrodynamic thrust bearings ever built (external diameter 5200 mm, axial load equals approximately 3600 t). This paper is an attempt to propose a new thrust bearing design with the use of the state-of-the-art technologies and simulation techniques that demonstrate a reduction of friction power losses generated by the thrust bearing. This paper is divided into two parts. Within the first one the original thrust bearing design which was implemented in the generators is described. Related calculation results based on a thermoelasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) calculation software used by Alstom will be presented. A comparison between measurement results gathered in the 1980’s is given. In the second part a potential solution of a more beneficial bearing design is described. The proposed thrust bearing design modification is an implementation of Alstom’s PolypadTM coating. This modern polymer (PEEK) coating material has already been used by Alstom in projects around the world for many years. This coating allows pushing the operating parameters limits toward higher temperatures and lower oil film thicknesses far beyond the limits known for the conventional bearing materials. Keywords: Hydrodynamic thrust bearings; Simulations; Measurements. 16 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25360 25737 Kinetic friction modeling and standard uncertainty measurement determination for sliding bearing on shaft apparatus LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF A HETEROGENEOUS SURFACE BEARING João Luiz do Vale – UTFPR Carlos Henrique da Silva – UTFPR It has been shown before that liquids can slip at a solid boundary, which prompted the idea that parallel-surface bearings can be obtained by the use of alternating slip and non-slip regions in the direction of fluid flow. The amount of slip at the wall depends upon the surface tension at the liquid – solid interface, which in turn depends on the chemical composition of the surface and its roughness. In the present study a heterogeneous surface was created by coating half of a circular glass disc with a coating repellent to glycerol. A rotating glass disc was placed at a known distance above the coated stationary surface and the gap was filled with glycerol. With the top surface moving in the direction of slip to non-slip region, a pressure build up can be theoretically predicted. The pressure gradient in the two regions is constant, similar to that in a Rayleigh step bearing, with the maximum pressure at the boundary. In order to accurately measure the force generated by the pressure increase, a load cell was attached to the heterogeneous disc. Experiments were conducted by varying both sliding speed and distance, and the resultant load carrying capacity was measured and compared with theoretical calculations. This allowed the slip coefficient of the coated surface to be evaluated. In standard wear tests, such as pin on disk (ASTM-G99) or block on ring (ASTM-G77), the apparatus simulates conditions that are often different from a machine element real application. Therefore, for an accurate investigation of a tribological application, it is essential to test the real condition in which there are similarities as: geometry, contact details, force application mode, materials, among others. It emphasizes that for studies involving polymeric materials it becomes extremely relevant. Thus, the Laboratory of Surfaces and Contact (LASC) at UTFPR developed an apparatus for sliding bearing on shaft test. In that equipment, loads are applied by a deadweight system and the frictional force is measured on a load cell. The apparatus operating ranges for load added to the dead weight system and rotation shaft are from 0.2 to 5.0 kgf and from 260 to 3500 rpm, respectively. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of such apparatus, which includes freebody diagrams analysis and a deduction to obtain an equation for the kinetic friction coefficient. Also, the standard measurement uncertainties of a caliper, an electronic scale, and a cell load were determined. It was verified that the kinetic friction coefficient equation is dependent on the apparatus geometry, the applied load, and the frictional force value. Additionally, through the statistical significance analysis it was concluded that some terms in the equation were not significant. Finally, through the application of the error propagation theory in the kinetic friction coefficient equation, the standard measurement uncertainty of the apparatus which showed a value nearby 0.002 along the operating range of the apparatus was obtained. Keywords: Sliding bearing; Standard uncertainty; Tribological test; Error propagation; PTFE. Evan Thomas – University of Sussex Mircea D. Pascovici – “Politehnica” University Romeo P. Glovnea – University of Sussex Keywords: Bearing; Slip; Heterogeneous; Load. 25692 MASTER PLAN OF LUBRIFICATION: HOW TO IMPLEMENT AN EFFICIENT LUBRICATION PLAN IN THE MINING SECTOR Angelo dos Reis Magalhães – Anglo American Adilson Leite Araujo – Anglo American Baltazar Agenor Bailona – Anglo American Pedro Henrique Cardoso Furtado – Anglo American Hugo Leonardo Freitas – Anglo American Marcos Alexsandro Reis – Anglo American Brazilian companies have adopted in recent years new management practices to remain competitive. Specialized consulting in asset management progressively creates or adapts new techniques in order to increase availability and reduce manufacturing costs, maximizing Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 profits. New engineering concepts were acquired and implemented by executives in all business segments. Techniques, such as FMEA, RCM, LCC, Pas 55, Reliability studies by Monte Carlo simulations, among others, have become increasingly recognized as important tools to enhance managerial performance. Besides these techniques, this study suggests the importance of adequate structuring of a lubrication program, as a critical success factor for the reliability of any asset. Through a case study developed with a company in the mining sector, this work proposes the development of a master plan for lubrication based on three pillars: People, Equipment and Management system. Practices and care with lubricants, hydraulic fluids and coolant, until its point of application, shall be evaluated to ensure a correct contamination control and a high level of assets availability. This discussion sheds light onto other benefits of this process, including occupational health and safety; ergonomics; environment and sustainability. Keywords: Master plan of lubrication; Asset management; Reliability and availability; Contamination control. 25757 MECHANICAL STRENGTH IN TWO FERROUS ALLOYS Diogo Tenório dos Santos – Centro Universitário da FEI Júlio César Dutra – University of Guarulhos Nivaldo Lemos Coppini – Unicamp This property has been studied to characterize the strength a metallic material exhibits when it is machined so it can be regarded as its typical behaviour. As such, it may even be considered as an intrinsic material property. It is usually measured by an index called Coppini index, which is expressed by the ratio between the removed mass of a cutting tool caused by wear when it is used for machining and its initial one for a certain set of machining parameters. In this investigation, the tests were therefore conducted by an established set of parameters, namely feed rate, cutting and depth rates, in which the same wear mechanism took place in both ferrous alloys: AISI 4140 and AISI 316 steels. They were chosen based upon their increasing ordinary machinability indexes. The initial and final mass of the cutting tool were measured by an analytical scale with 0.01 mg precision. Cylindrical rods of 50-mm diameter 17 were machined and the CI indexes showed a remarkable difference between them: 0.080 for the first steel and 0.049 for the second one, i.e., AISI 316 steel presented better machinability than the first one. It was then possible to conclude that this method presents good results in terms of both reproducibility and adequacy for machine shop conditions and it may be applied in a foreseeable future, mainly for metallic materials that have rather low machinability indices. Keywords: Machinability; Wear; Ferrous alloys, Machine tool. 24968 MICRO-ABRASIVE WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF AN IRON ALUMINIDE ALLOY UNDER CONDITIONS OF ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Ronaldo Câmara Cozza – USP Lucas Cremonese Rodrigues – Centro Universitário da FEI Cláudio Geraldo Schön – USP The aim of this work is to study the micro-abrasive wear behaviour of an iron aluminide alloy, seeking correlations between wear volume, coefficient of friction and temperature in ball-cratering wear testing. The experiments were conducted with specimens of iron aluminide alloy, a ball of AISI 52100 steel and abrasive slurry prepared with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles and glycerin. Different test conditions were defined, and during the experiments, the abrasive slurry was continuously agitated and fed between the specimen and the ball. The tangential (T) and normal (N) forces were monitored simultaneously throughout the tests, and the coefficient of friction (µ) acting in the tribological system “ball – abrasive particles – specimen” was calculated using the equation µ = T/N. The results indicated that i) the temperature played an important role on the wear volume and coefficient of friction, ii) with increasing temperature, decreases in the wear volume and coefficient of friction were observed, and iii) the abrasive wear mode in all wear craters was rolling abrasion, independent of the temperature. Keywords: Iron aluminide alloy; Ball-cratering wear testing; Rolling abrasion; Wear volume; Coefficient of friction. 18 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25398 25294 MICRO-ABRASIVE WEAR TEST OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA NITRIDED AISI 420 STEEL: EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS HEAT TREATMENT ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CoCrMoSi ALLOY COATINGS BY PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC (PTA) WELD SURFACING Renan Akio Fraga – UFPR Cristiano José Scheuer – UFSM Rodrigo Perito Cardoso – UFPR Silvio Francisco Brunatto – UFPR Experiments were carried out aiming to study the influence of previous heat treatment on the micro-abrasive wear resistance of low-temperature nitrided AISI 420 steel. Annealed, tempered and as-quenched samples were nitrided at 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500°C, for 6 h using a gas mixture containing 70% N2+20% H2+10 %Ar. The pressure and applied voltage were 400 Pa and 600 V. Micro-abrasive tests were conducted with a 25.4 mm steel sphere, using an abrasive suspension of alumina with particle size of 1 m. The contact force, abrasive flow and shaft rotation speed were: 0.1 N, 0.5 drop/s, and 150 rpm. The wear analyses were performed for test times of: 30, 60, 120, 480 and 960 s. The results show that for as-quenched, tempered and annealed samples the wear coefficient decrease with increasing temperature in the 300 to 450°C range, and increase from 450 to 500°C. Similarly, results also show that the material bulk wear coefficient increase with increasing treatment temperature. For all previous heat treatment the lowest wear coefficient was observed to the samples treated at 450°C, being always smaller for the as-quenched samples and larger for annealed samples. Finally, the microscopy analysis of the worn craters indicates the occurrence of rolling abrasion wear mechanisms. Keywords: Ball-cratering test; Micro-abrasive wear resistance; Rolling abrasion wear; Lowtemperature plasma nitriding; Martensitic stainless steel. Rafael Guetter Bohatch – UFPR Adriano Scheid – UFPR Cobalt-based alloys are used to protect components which operate under aggressive conditions as wear, corrosion and high temperature. Once the alloy system CoCrMoSi presents brittle Laves phase in the microstructure and its welding procedures with high solidification cooling rate, becomes this process a challenge. The aim of this research is to understand the processing effect on the microstructure and properties of such coatings. The CoCrMoSi alloy Tribaloy T400 was processed by PTA on AISI 316L stainless steel substrate utilizing three different deposition current: 120, 150 and 180 A. Coatings were evaluated by track geometry and dilution. They also were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Vickers hardness and wear tests. Coatings showed eutectic lamellar microstructure with Laves phase and cobalt solid solution for 120 A processing. For 150 and 180 A, microstructure was composed by hypoeutectic dendrites of cobalt solid solution and interdendrictic eutectic lamellar with Laves phase and cobalt solid solution. The dilution increased linearly with deposition current from 18% and 38% inducing hardness decrease from 702 to 526 HV0,5. Mass loss rate coefficient increased up to 41,7%, as a consequence of dilution to the substrate. Keywords: Plasma transferred arc; CoCrMoSi alloy; Microstructure; Properties. 25234 Modelling the dynamic behaviour of large hydro generating units guide bearings Geraldo Carvalho Brito Junior – Itaipu Binacional Anselmo Chaves Neto – UFPR Roberto Dalledone Machado – UFPR This paper describes part of a research involving tribology, structure dynamics and time series analysis applied on the assessment of large hydro generating units’ condition based on vibrations and temperatures monitoring. The research focuses on the guide bearings dynamic analysis, especially Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 on the bearing oil film dynamic coefficients, which have significant influence on rotating machinery vibratory behavior. This type of analysis was extensively applied to horizontal rotating machines in the past. However, still is necessary to review important aspects for vertical machines like large hydro generating units. This paper is based on vibration and temperature data collected during on the commissioning tests of Itaipu Power Plant hydro generating units, on numerical simulations and finally on special tests applied in the generators’ guide bearings of the mentioned units. The results obtained so far indicate that several aspects that are usually disregarded in the determination of the bearing dynamic coefficients, like the effects of the axial hydraulic load or the seasonal variations of cooling water temperature, have more influence in the bearing dynamics than the type of model (thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic or thermo-hydrodynamic or hydrodynamic model) used to represent it.. Keywords: Hydrodynamic bearings; Dynamic coefficients; Hydro units; Structural health monitoring. 25484 NIOBIUM CARBIDE (NbC) AS WEAR RESISTANT HARDMETAL IN OPENED AND CLOSED TRIBOSYSTEMS Mathias Woydt – BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Hardy Mohrbacher – Niobelcon BVBA The tribological and mechanical properties of binderless and metal-bonded niobium carbides (8 or 12 vol.-% of Cobalt, 12 vol.-% of Fe3Al) are presented. Rotating disks made of niobium carbide bearing hard metals were mated against alumina (99.7%) under unlubricated (dry) unidirectional sliding tests (0,1 m/s to 12,0 m/s; 22°C and 400°C) as well as in oscillation tests (f= 20 Hz, ∆x= 0,2 mm, 2/50/98% rel. humidity, n= 105/106 cycles). Microstructure and phase compositions were determined as well. The tribological data obtained were benchmarked with different ceramics, cermets, hard metals and thermally sprayed coatings, where NbC bonded with 8% and 12% Co presented above 8 m/s the lowest wear rates so far in such a benchmark. Binderless NbC (HP-NbC1) and the metal bonded NbCs exhibited low wear rates under dry sliding associated with high P⋅V load carrying capacities. NbC-based hard metal bonded with 12 vol.-% of 19 Fe3Al resulted in a higher hardness level than for 12 vol.-% cobalt. The tribological profile established revealed a strong position of NbC bearing materials under tribological considerations and for closed tribosystems against established reference tribo-couples. Keywords: Sliding; Friction; Wear; Ceramic; Oscillation; NbC; Niobium carbide; Cobalt; Fe3Al; Hard metal; Strength; Modulus; High temperatures. 25644 Numerical modeling of adhesion and adhesive failure during the unidirectional contact between metallic surfaces Eleir Mundim Bortoleto – USP Erika Fernanda Prados – USP Vanessa Seriacopi – USP Newton Kiyoshi Fukumasu – USP Luiz Gustavo Del Bianchi da Silva Lima – USP Cristiano Fernandes Lagatta – USP Izabel Fernanda Machado – USP Roberto Martins Souza – USP A finite element modeling approach was developed to study adhesion phenomena during the unidirectional contact between a two-dimensional plane-strain square and a flat slab. Surfaces were metallic or ceramic, different pairs of materials were analyzed and their adhesion was considered by means of a FORTRAN subroutine (DLOAD), which was connected with commercial finite element code Abaqus and provided surface attractive forces based on the Lennard-Jones interatomic potential. Adhesive loads were considered both during approximation and separation of the surfaces. During the separation step, material transfer between surfaces, due to adhesion, was modeled by means of damage initiation and propagation at the flat slab. The parameters considered in the simulations were normal load, chemical affinity and system size and the different conditions were analyzed by comparison of the interaction forces during approach and withdrawal. This work also presents detailed descriptions of: (i) the evolution of energy dissipation due to adhesion hysteresis, (ii) the formation-growth-breakage of adhesive junctions and (iii) the evolution of stress distribution during the process. Results have indicated that chemical affinity between the bodies in contact is more relevant for adhesion than the 20 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 applied load. Besides, smaller asperities are less prone to promote adhesive wear, but they may be subjected to high stress concentration effects. Keywords: Adhesion; Adhesive failure; Finite element model; Interatomic potentials. 25409 PRELIMINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRASONIC NANOCRYSTALLLINE SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SINTERED ALUMINA Amanov Auezhan – Sun Moon University Pyun Young-Sik – Sun Moon University This study reports the improvement in microstructural and tribological characteristics of sintered alumina (Al2O3) ceramic subjected to ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique. The surface microstructure of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens was examined by SEM and XRD. The tribological properties of the specimens were assessed using a ball-on-disk tribometer against a bearing steel (SAE52100) ball under dry sliding conditions. It was confirmed by SEM that the UNSM-treated specimen had much denser microstructure than that of the untreated specimen. The surface roughness of the UNSM-treated specimen obtained by AFM was found to be smoother compared to that of the untreated specimens, which may be attributed to the decrease in porosity. The tribological results showed that the UNSM-treated specimens showed better tribological properties compared to that of the untreated specimens. It was also found that the UNSM technique was able to produce a hard white-layer in the topmost surface layer. The results of this study are expected to make sintered Al2O3 ceramic more attractive for a numerous applications in various industries. Keywords: Alumina; Friction; Wear; Surface engineering. 25787 PRELIMINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF ULTRASONIC NANOCRYSTALLLINE SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SINTERED ALUMINA Amanov Auezhan – Sun Moon University Pyun Young-Sik – Sun Moon University This study reports the improvement in microstructural and tribological characteristics of sintered alumina (Al2O3) ceramic subjected to ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) technique. The surface microstructure of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens was examined by SEM and XRD. The tribological properties of the specimens were assessed using a ball-on-disk tribometer against a bearing steel (SAE52100) ball under dry sliding conditions. It was confirmed by SEM that the UNSM-treated specimen had much denser microstructure than that of the untreated specimen. The surface roughness of the UNSM-treated specimen obtained by AFM was found to be smoother compared to that of the untreated specimens, which may be attributed to the decrease in porosity. The tribological results showed that the UNSM-treated specimens showed better tribological properties compared to that of the untreated specimens. It was also found that the UNSM technique was able to produce a hard white-layer in the topmost surface layer. The results of this study are expected to make sintered Al2O3 ceramic more attractive for a numerous applications in various industries. Keywords: Alumina; Friction; Wear; Surface engineering. 25716 Processing methods and predictive model for Wavy-tiltdam mechanical seal Yuechang Wang – Tsinghua University Ying Liu – Tsinghua University Zhi Gao – Tsinghua University Weifeng Huang – Tsinghua University Yuming Wang – Tsinghua University A new method of manufacturing the wavy-tiltdam(WTD) mechanical seal has been mentioned. In this method, the special equipment is designed to provide a predetermined force to external and inner circular surface of the ring. After milling the end face of the seal by grinding miller and releasing the preload, the wavy-tilt-dam Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 21 can be done on the seal surface. In this paper, a prediction model is built up to investigate the relationship between the predetermined force and the deformation on the surface of the ring by using ANSYS software. A WTD ring is manufactured by this method which approves that the prediction model is in accord with the real process and this manufacturing method of the WTD mechanical seal is a proper choice. 25756 Keywords: Mechanical seal; Wavy-tilt-dam; Manufacture; ANSYS; Predictive models. Nitriding of metallic materials using electric discharges generated during electric discharge machining (EDM) is a recently developed technique. The aim of this paper was to correlate mechanical properties of a nitrided layer produced in AISI 4140 steel by EDM nitriding with the type and amount of nitrides. A conventional diesinking EDM equipment and electrolytic copper electrodes were used to generate the electric discharges. The electrolyte was a solution of urea in deionized water. Knoop microhardness profiles assessed the variation of hardness along the nitrided layer, whereas the elastic modulus of this layer was measured using nanoindentation tests. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nitrided surface. The results showed the formation of a nitrided layer containing iron nitrides with average thickness of around 25 μm. The amount of nitrides reduced from the surface towards the centre and these results correlated well with microhardness profiles obtained. 25610 Study of the Surface Morphology of a Carbon Steel after Testings Corrosivecavitative-erosive Wear in Aqueous Medium with Salt (NaCl), CO2 and Solid Particulates (SiO2) Fractions Fernando Nunes da Silva – UFRN Eugênio Teixeira de Carvalho Filho – UFRN Jardel Dantas da Cunha – UFERSA Djalma Ribeiro da Silva – UFRN João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros – UFRN Wear mechanisms of materials that constitute the equipments and operating parts in the pre-salt area during the production of petroleum and gas can include corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and corrosion-cavitation-erosion. In the laboratory, it is realizable, but at times it is inaccurate to reproduce or visualize some of these mechanisms due to the real complexities caused by hydrodynamic flows, and the physico-chemical and mechanical nonlinearities. The main objective of this work was to study coupons of low carbon steel under laboratory conditions, such as corrosive, cavitative-corrosive (CO2) and corrosive-erosive (CO2 + SiO2), in a stirring aqueous saline solution (0 and 5.0 m/s) at two levels of temperature, with bubbling of gas (5.0 L/min) and contaminated with or without (2.5% mass), by solids particles of SiO2. The surface of the coupons subjected to upstream flow (0° in a cylindrical generatrix of coupon), and downstream flows (180º) were analyzed by profilometry. The measurements of roughness and waviness of all coupons were statistically analysed using Statgraphics® Centurion XVI, at a confidence level of 95% and significant differences observed in some matrices were discussed. Keywords: Tribochemistry; Corrosion; Erosion; Cavitation; Surface texture. SURFACE MICROHARDNESS OF AISI 4140 STEEL NITRIDED DURING ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING Rogério Felício dos Santos – CEFET-MG Ernane Rodrigues da Silva – CEFET-MG André Rezende Figueiredo Oliveira – UFU Henara Lillian Costa – UFU Alberto Arnaldo Raslan – UFU Keywords: Nitriding; AISI 4140 steel; EDM; Urea; Knoop microhardness. 25759 TEST APPARATUS FOR EVALUATION OF THE FRICTION FORCE AND WEAR ABRASIVE APPLIED TO UNLOADING TRIPPER TRUCKS João da Silva Júnior – Faculdade SATC Elvys Isaias Mercado Curi – Faculdade SATC Richard de Medeiros Castro – Faculdade SATC In a sliding operation of abrasive particles on a metal structure occur complex physic-chemical reactions, leading to weight loss or wear, heat, vibration, noise, etc. To calculate the lifetime of the surface subjected to a process of wear, it is necessary determine the parameters that relate to the loss of material. The wear coefficient is a parameter that plays a key role in the calculation of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of sheet steel ASTM A36, being subjected 22 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 to conditions similar of the work a dump trucks , observing the correlation with time in labor before several factors such as the angle of and tilting ramp time. To study the wear coefficient was developed a new test stand, using an abrasive material sliding on the metal surface. Apart the sliding tests, metallography and hardness testing of the plate were performed, assessing their tendency to wear. The results shown that the wear has a strong correlation with the material and the dump angle. dependent strain (creep) wherein, as in metals and alloys, three stages of creep are observed: primary creep regime (pinning) followed by ‘‘full’’ stick in a steady state and an accelerating tertiary creep regime (depinning). Based on the analysis of the dislocation structure, a model of the dislocation distribution in the regions of stick (creep) and slip is proposed. Keywords: Wear; Abrasive; Lifetime; Tribotester. THE FUTURE OF LUBRICANTS IS IN “CLOSING THE CYCLE” AND ECOTOXICITY; CUTTING OIL EMULSIONS AS AN EXAMPLE 00003 THE DISLOCATION STRUCTURE AND STICK-SLIP PHENOMENON A. Laikhtman – Holon Institute of Technology V. Perfilyev – Holon Institute of Technology A. Moshkovich – Holon Institute of Technology I. Lapsker – Holon Institute of Technology L. Rapoport – Holon Institute of Technology Friction is a complex process involving multi-scale asperity contact and large plastic deformation associated with the development of a dislocation structure. Friction is closely associated with the stick–slip phenomenon. In spite of the large number of published works dedicated to stick– slip effects, little effort has been directed toward elucidating the development of the dislocation structure during stick–slip phenomena. Here, we report some new systematic investigations into the dislocation nature of stick–slips during low-velocity friction of a lithium fluoride (LiF) single crystal rubbed against a spherical diamond indenter. The first experimental evidence showing the interaction between stick–slips and the dislocation structure during the low-velocity friction of LiF single crystals is presented. It is shown that the average velocity of the indenter in the stick phase is about 300 times lower than the maximal velocity in the slip. Variation of the velocity of the indenter is accompanied by a change of the dislocation mobility around the stick–slip regions. This difference in velocities leads to entirely different dislocation behavior and damage development in the stick and slips phases. The stick phase is mainly determined by time- 25456 Satish V. Kailas – Indian Institute of Science K. R. Sathwik Chatra – Indian Institute of Science For product sustainability “closing the cycle” is the first requirement. If the materials used in making the product is not replenished at the rate at which it is being extracted, the cycle is open and the product would not be sustainable. This includes the materials used in generating the energy used to make the product, the transportation, use and disposal. If the materials used in a product, that includes lubricants, is one that cannot be replenished, it has to be recycled for the product to be sustainable. The other basic condition for sustainability is the eco-friendliness of the product. It is argued that the present lubricants do not fall in this category. Using the example of cutting oil emulsions we have shown that it is possible to meet the conditions of sustainability in terms of both the material extraction-replenishment cycle and eco-toxicity. Cutting oil emulsions made from coconut oil and natural additives are shown to have superior cutting properties and are completely eco-friendly. It is concluded that products made using these conditions are possible and is a necessity for man to lead a sustainable life. Closing the cycle, with respect to the energy used in the cycle will make the product completely eco-friendly. Keywords: Sustainability; closing the cycle; ecotoxicity; lubricants; cutting oils. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25424 The influence of the normal load and grit size on the abrasive wear of polymeric materials used in mining industry Lionel Loïc Limol – UFES Davi Andrade Fagundes – UFES Vinicius Varnier Schmitberger – UFES Marcelo Camargo Severo de Macêdo – UFES Cherlio Scandian – UFES Polymeric materials, such as polyurethanes and rubbers, are widely used in the mining industry because of their moderate cost and excellent mechanical properties. Such polymers have been used mainly in transportation (conveyor belt systems and pipes coatings) and screening, for their appreciable abrasion wear resistance. Studies revealed the complex influence of test parameters, such as grit size and applied normal load, on the abrasion wear process for polymers. In this study, the abrasive wear behavior of several polyurethanes and rubbers were investigated at room temperature according to a rotary drum abrasion method (DIN 53516). Wear tests were carried out at 26 cm/s test speed and load value of 5 N and 10 N. Corundum paper grit varying from 60 to 400 mesh were used as an abrasive surface. After each test the mass loss of the pin was recorded and the wear rates were calculated from wear volume. The wear surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Keywords: Wear; Abrasive grit size; Normal load; Polymer. 25775 The Influence of Topography on the SPECIFIC Dissipated Friction Power in Ultra-Mild Sliding Wear: Experiment and Simulation Daniel Stickel – University of Duisburg-Essen Alfons Fischer – University of Duisburg-Essen Current political, economic and ecological guidelines demand the increase of power densities of nearly all machinery parts today. In order to further lower the wear rate towards the ultramild sliding wear regime an integral approach is needed, which has to regard contact conditions, surface topography, surface chemistry, as well as sub-surface properties. Still there are no simple parameters to classify the performance of 23 tribosystem. In this study the area and volume affected by tribocontacts are calculated by means of a three dimensional elastic-ideal plastic contact model. The surfaces are generated by means of conventional machining procedures and characterized by scanning white light interferometry. The further input data as to normal and friction forces are derived by ultramild sliding wear tests under boundary lubrication conditions of carburized steel against carburized steel and 52100 steel against case-hardened spheroidal cast iron. This contribution will depict the distinct influence of the topography on friction and ultra-mild sliding wear of common Fe-base materials and point on the marked importance of highly localized effects, which govern the acting mechanisms. Keywords: Ultra-mild sliding wear tests; Carburized steel; Case-hardened spheroidal cast iron; Experiment and simulation. 25735 the PHENOMENON of Thermocapillary migration Effected by SURFACE Micro-grooves Qingwen Dai – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Wei Huang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Xiaolei Wang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics The Marangoni effect is an important phenomenon where a surface tension gradient drives liquid towards high surface tension regions. Temperature gradient, evaporation, disparity of viscosity, and surface roughness and topography are all significant factors that can affect this thermocapillary migration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of micro-groove patterns on the migration of paraffin oil, and obtain a well-designed texture of micro-grooves to prevent the thermo-capillary migration. Patterns of micro-grooves with differing orientations and geometric parameters were fabricated on the surface of SUS 316 stainless steel substrates. Experiments on the migration behavior with different viscosities of paraffin oils were carried out various temperature gradients. The experimental phenomena indicated that the surface with the micro-grooves perpendicular or parallel to the temperature gradient have a strong impact on the migration performance of paraffin oil. Micro- 24 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 grooves perpendicular to the temperature gradient exhibited extraordinary slower migration velocity than that of the parallel one. Width and depth of micro-grooves had an obvious influence on the behavior of temperature-driven migration and detail discussions on the effects of these geometric parameters were carried out. not accessible, tribocurrent also shows a powerful tool to investigate how deep the wear is and if the coating was removed from the surface or not. Besides, the monitoring of tribocurrent can be very useful for lubricated conditions since the free-electrons generated during friction regimes can potentially cause lubricant degradation. Keywords: Thermo-capillary migration; Temperature gradient; Micro-grooves; Orientation. 25718 00001 TRIBOCURRENT AND FRICTION FORCE AT A METAL-INSULATOR INTERFACES: A COMMON ORIGIN Thiago A. L. Burgo – Argonne National Laboratory Ali Erdemir – Argonne National Laboratory Friction and triboelectrification of materials are very well-known phenomena and subjects of study since the remote past. Despite the great technological advances, the mechanisms whereby are driven, mostly at the atomicmolecular level, are not fully understood and still a matter of debate. A direct result from tribological experiments, but rarely used to investigate triboelectrification of materials is the flow of charged species at the interface, also called tribocurrent. Since electrostatic charges have a strong influence on friction parameters and subsequently friction regimes necessarily induce triboelectrification at interfaces, a very simple and common but rigorous test in tribology, the ball-on-disk geometry was used to record macroscopic friction force and simultaneously measure the current generated between metalinsulator interfaces, which is not only strongly correlated with friction force but surprisingly has exactly the same profile. Compared to experiments that use Faraday cups, tribocurrents can measure, not only the net of charge, but also the path for flow of charge at metal-insulator interfaces during the friction regimes, giving an online perspective in which direction the charge is being transferred. Moreover, when other methods are TRIBO-ELECTRIC BEHAVIORS OF MATERIALS UNDER HIGH SPEED AND LARGE CURRENT Yong-Zhen Zhang – Henan University of Science and Technology Zheng-Hai Yang – Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protections Xian-Juan Pang – Henan University of Science and Technology Bao Shangguan – Henan University of Science and Technology By using special made tester, tribo-electric(T-E) behaviors of several materials under high speed and large current were investigated in this paper. The results show that tribo-behaviors and electric conducting characteristics do have very complicated co-effects. Worsening in servicing conditions obviously deteriorates both tribological and electrical behaviors, in which high sliding speed and large electrical current may worsen both tribological & electrical conductive properties, while the proper contacting pressure may be of benefit to electric contacting properties. Further analysis reveals that worsening effects of those factors, such as frictional heat, arc discharge, arc heat, and surface morphology, result to poor tribo-electric contacting properties. Among those factors, electric arc is one of the most serious factors, where the occurrence of electric arc may cause severe oxidation, melting and roughening in contacting surface, and finally causes worsening in both current conducting quality and material loss. Keywords: Tribo-electric system; Currentcarrying; Sever working condition; Arc. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25387 25427 TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THREAD COMPOUND FOR APPLICATIONS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY tribological behaviour of dental enamel under reciprocating slidinG Nicolás Ariel Zabala – UNS-CONICET Walter Roberto Tuckart – UNS-CONICET Pablo Adrián Castro – TenarisSiderca R&D Center During the make-up and break-out of the connections, threaded joints are exposed to intense mechanical and tribological solicitations. The connection performance is influenced by its geometry, material properties, surface treatments and thread compound. The aim of this work is to evaluate and characterize the tribological behavior of different thread compounds applied on manganese phosphated carbon steel under low speed and high pressure sliding contact. Four thread compounds were evaluated: one containing lead, zinc and graphite; other leadfree, containing copper and finally, the last two lead-free and containing non-metallic solids. The tribological behavior was analyzed by a blockon-ring tribotest. During the test, load varied linearly between 250 N and 7000 N; loading and unloading lasted 14 sec and were performed in opposite directions of rotation to simulate the make-up and break-out operations. Friction force and load as a function of time were registered. Upon completion of the test, wear surfaces were analyzed by SEM, optical microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The obtained results show that the lead and zinc containing thread compound displayed the best behavior, showing a wear reduction of approximately 20%. These results are in line with previously known oilfield experience. Average COF values around 0.15 were measured and no significant differences between dopes were observed; indicating that the wear behavior was influenced by the additive package. Keywords: Thread compound; Friction; OCTG connections; Sliding wear. 25 Priscilla Pessin Coppo – USP Mateus Aguiar Martins – UFES Flavio José da Silva – UFPE Cherlio Scandian – UFES Rafael Yagüe Ballester – USP The prevention of dental enamel wear has particular relevance for preventive and restorative purposes in dentistry. The wear damage can increase due to salivary disorders and/or parafunction (bruxism); antagonists incisal surfaces become flat and coincident. This study aims to investigate the wear behavior and the related mechanisms in sliding pairs of conformal incisal enamel, with similar values of hardness and fracture toughness, with different applied normal loads and lubricated conditions. Bovine incisors, under pin on flat configuration, were tested in two lubrication condition (dry or with natural saliva) and two applied normal loads (8 and 16 N). The worn surfaces were investigated by 3D profilometry and SEM. The analysis of worn surfaces indicated mechanisms of brittle fracture, but with different severities. Under a normal load of 16 N and dry condition, wear is controlled by a brittle process: microcracking with flake-like wear particles, which results in high friction coefficient (> 0.85), wear rate and wear volume. On the other hand, under a normal load of 8 N and natural saliva, wear took place in the interprismatic region, with consequent exposure of prisms and fracture in localized regions. In this case, the friction coefficient was 16% lower and the wear volume was one order of magnitude lower. Under 8 N and natural saliva, the wear was greater than in the dry condition, probably due to tribochemical reactions. Keywords: Enamel wear; Pin-on-flat configuration; Normal load; Lubrication condition. 26 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 25772 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVE IN OIL AND WATER FOR A WHEEL-RAIL SYSTEM Jesús A. Carlos Cornelio – Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Paula A. Cuervo Velásquez – National University of Colombia Lina M. Hoyos Palacio – Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Javier Lara Romero – Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia Since their discovery in 1991 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much interest due to their remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical and optical properties. In connection with their mechanical properties, CNTs have been studied in various forms for tribological applications including their use as lubricant additives for oil and water. In this paper the tribological properties of CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) when used as lubricant additives are studied under rolling-sliding conditions in a twin-disc testing machine. The tests were performed using 5% of creepage and pressures of 0.8 GPa and 1.1 GPa. Used functionalized nanotubes were modified with carboxylic acid ultrasonically dispersed at different concentrations (0.01, 0.05%). The results indicated that the presence of carbon nanotubes leads to a decrease in both friction coefficient and wear rate for both systems studied (oil and water). Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Lubricant oil and water wear; Friction coefficient. 25327 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL HYDROGELS FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL ARTICULAR CARTILAGE José R. Gomes – Universidade do Minho V. Rego – Universidade do Minho V.M. Sardinha – Universidade do Minho L.L. Lima – Unicamp C.A.C. Zavaglia – Unicamp W.D. Belangero – Unicamp V.P. Bavaresco – Unicamp Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (PVA) are promising biomaterials for the repair of damaged articular cartilage due to their excellent biocompatibility, high permeability to fluids and low friction coefficient against smooth and wet surfaces. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that PVA hydrogels are characterized by friction and wear properties compatible with the application as artificial articular cartilage. Pure hydrogel membranes and functionalized hydrogel membranes with tricalcium phosphate were processed from PVA aqueous solutions with 10% (w/w) concentration of polymer in solution, to be used as tribological samples against bovine articular cartilage and 316L stainless steel. Tribological tests were carried out in the presence of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) at 37ºC. Tests were performed in a pinon-plate tribometer at a constant reciprocating sliding frequency (1 Hz) and stroke length (8 mm). Contact pressures ranging from 1 MPa to 5 MPa were applied. For each experiment the friction coefficient was determined and the dominant wear mechanisms analyzed by SEM. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hydrogel worn surfaces in the hydrated state was evaluated with AFM microscopy. Results show that pure and functionalized PVA hydrogels present remarkable tribological properties against natural articular cartilage with very low friction coefficient values (≈0.02 to 0.05) combined with the preservation of both surfaces involved in the contact. Keywords: Biotribology; Articular cartilage; Hydrogels; Polyvinyl alcohol; Tricalcium phosphate. 25744 TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TiO2/Au NANOCOMPOSITES AIMED TOWARD DECORATIVE THIN FILMS APPLICATIONS C.S. Abreu – Universidade do Minho J. Matos – Universidade do Minho A. Cavaleiro – University of Coimbra E. Alves – Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear N.P. Barradas – Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear F. Vaz – Universidade do Minho M. Torrell – Universidade do Minho J.R. Gomes – Universidade do Minho The aim of this work consists in the evaluation of the tribological behaviour of thin film nanocomposites, consisting of gold nanoparticles dispersed in a dielectric matrix of TiO2. A particular focus is given to the changes in friction and wear resistance resulting from the morphological changes induced by annealing experiments in vacuum, at increasing temperatures up to Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 500ºC. Mainly, the gold clustering phenomenon, increase of grain size and the crystallization of the TiO2 matrix will be correlated with the changes in the tribological behaviour. Linear reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding experiments were conducted under constant applied load (0.1 N) and frequency (1 Hz). Ball bearing steel was used as a counterbody material and the sliding occurred at room temperature, without lubrication. It was found that the annealing process at different temperatures had no significant impact on the deepness homogeneity of the Au nanoclusters. However, important changes occurred in terms of clusters’ size and crystallization of the film. Such structural changes resulted in distinct friction regimes and wear responses. Annealing at 300ºC resulted in the best frictional response (µ ~ 0.15) and wear resistance (k = 2x10-6 mm3N1m-1). Increasing the annealing to 500ºC lead to a lessened tribological performance for the films (µ ~ 0.22, k = 4x10-5 mm3N-1m-1). A direct correlation was found between the tribological properties and the diffusion mechanisms induced by the thermal annealing. Keywords: TiO2/Au nanocomposites; Nanoclusters; Friction; Wear; Decorative films. 25390 TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELFLUBRICATING COMPOSITES WITH HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND GRAPHITE AS SOLID LUBRICANTS Kelen Juliane Mucelin – UFSC Priscila da Costa Gonçalves – UFSC Gisele Hammes – UFSC Roberto Binder – Whirlpool- Embraco Unit Rolf Janssen – Technische Universität HamburgHarburg Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU In order to better understand the tribological behavior of self-lubricating materials, Fe-Si-C matrix composites containing solid lubricants added during the mixing step were studied. The samples were produced by conventional powder metallurgy route, presenting total contents of 5%, 7.5% and 10% in volume of h-BN and graphite mixtures as solid lubricants. The composites were 27 evaluated in terms of tribological properties, under reciprocating sliding conditions, and mechanical properties by using tensile tests. Additionally, the wear scars were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. Higher total contents of solid lubricants greatly increased scuffing resistance however decreased mechanical properties. Furthermore, increasing h-BN contents reduces both properties. These results confirmed the applicability of such sintered composites as self-lubricating parts, reaching values up to 7000 N.m for scuffing resistance combined with ultimate tensile strength of 220 MPa. Keywords: Scuffing resistance; Powder metallurgy; h-BN; Graphite. 25301 ULTRA-LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT IN THE SLIDING OF si3n4-Al2O3 in water: ab initio study of running-in Roberto Balarini Junior – UFES Nathan Fantecelle Strey – UFES Cherlio Scandian – UFES Tribological behavior of Si3N4 balls sliding against Al2O3 discs in water was investigated by studying the influence of parameters such as initial surface roughness and circular axial run-out of the discs. The objective was to relate these parameters with the occurrence of the phenomenon known as ultra-low friction coefficient (ULFC), which is characterized by µ < 0.01, including the correlation with running-in duration. As a general trend, greater initial surface roughness and circular axial run-out resulted in greater running-in duration. In addition, it was verified that a mixed lubrication regime (hydrodynamic and boundary) is required to guarantee the occurrence of ULFC by comparing the calculated minimum film thickness with the composite roughness of the worn surfaces. Also, ICQ-OES analysis of the water after the tests indicated that a silicon concentration greater than 1.3 mg/l should be fundamental for the occurrence of µ < 0.01. Keywords: Ultra-low friction coefficient; Silicon nitride; Alumina; Water lubrication. 28 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 00002 Wear analyses of mill components in an iron ore pelletizing plant Fabio Arielo Guastala – Vale S.A. José Guilherme Pelição Pancieri – Vale S.A. Marcelo Tadeu Milan – Materials Institute of Brazil Andre de Almeida Grilo – Vale S.A. Abrasive wear is an important component in failure analyses in mining equipment. This work relates to a wear test for mill components after the occurrence of a failure in an iron ore pelletizing plant at Vale’s Tubarao Complex, Vitoria, Brazil. The equipment involved is a ball mill, which is used to grind the pellet feed into extremely fine powder for use in pelletizing process. Metallurgical components of this mill, such as screws, shell and mill head, are analyzed in a milling system simulation using iron ore slurry in order to correlate the components loss weight with running time. The analysis results and the tribology involved in this iron ore grinding process are presented in this paper. Finally, the value of the inspection process is evidenced as a key factor at the prevention of failures, at the prediction of the life cycle of the mill’s components and at the reliability of the production assets. Keywords: Abrasive wear; Iron ore; Pelletizing; Grinding. Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 29 Author Index A Abreu, C............................................................26 Alves, E.............................................................26 Alves, S. M....................................................4, 13 Araujo Neto, A. P.................................................7 Araujo, A. L........................................................16 Ardila, M. A. N....................................................14 Auezhan, A........................................................20 B Bailona, B. A......................................................16 Balarini Junior, R...............................................27 Bohatch, R. G....................................................18 Boher, C...............................................................5 Bortoleto, E. M...................................................19 Botero, L. E. T....................................................14 Breganon, R........................................................8 Bressan, J. D.......................................................6 Brito Júnior, G. C. .......................................15, 18 Brunatto, S. F.................................................8, 18 Burgo, T. A. L.....................................................24 Buscaglia, G. C....................................................8 C Ballester, R. Y....................................................25 Canale, L. C. F.....................................................7 Barboza, D. V. D................................................10 Cardoso, R. P....................................................18 Barra, G. M. O...................................................10 Carvalho Filho, E. T...........................................21 Barradas, N.......................................................26 Castro, P. A........................................................25 Bavaresco, V.....................................................26 Castro, R. M................................................12, 21 Bazanini, G..........................................................6 Cavaleiro, A.......................................................26 Belangero, W.....................................................26 Chatra, K. R. S..................................................22 Benegra, M..........................................................3 Chaves Neto, A..................................................18 Berthier, Y............................................................5 Checo, H. M.........................................................8 Binder, C...................................................5, 10,12 Coelho, H. T.........................................................7 Binder, R......................................................12, 27 Consoni, D. R....................................................12 30 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 Coppini, N. L......................................................17 Fukumasu, N. K.................................................19 Coppo, P. P........................................................25 Furtado, P. H. C.................................................16 Cornelio, J. A. C.................................................26 G Coseglio, M..........................................................3 Costa, H. L...................................................11, 21 Cozza, R. C.......................................................17 Cunha, J. D........................................................21 Curi, E. I. M..................................................12, 21 D Dai, Q............................................................7, 23 Dong, H...............................................................6 Dutra, J. C.........................................................17 E Erdemir, A....................................................13, 24 Espitia, L. A..........................................................6 Gans, L. H. A.......................................................9 Gao, Z................................................................20 Giacomelli, R. O..................................................5 Glovnea, R. P.....................................................16 Goes, W. U..........................................................4 Gomes, J. R.......................................................26 Gomes, J...........................................................26 Gonçalves, P. C.................................................27 Grilo, A. A...........................................................28 Guastala, F. A....................................................28 Guesser, W. L......................................................9 H Hammes, G.......................................................27 F Holmnerg, K.......................................................13 Fagundes, D. A..................................................23 Huang, W.................................................7, 20, 23 Fernandes, C. M................................................11 J Ferreira, V. O.....................................................12 Fillon, M.............................................................10 Fischer, A...........................................................23 Jai, M...................................................................8 Janssen, R.........................................................27 Florez, P. A. G....................................................14 K Fraga, R. A........................................................18 Kailas, S. V........................................................22 Freitas, H. L.......................................................16 Kim, D-E............................................................15 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 31 Kim, D-H............................................................15 Martins, M. A......................................................25 Klein, A. N..........................................5, 10, 12, 27 Martins, R. C......................................................11 Klemz, M. A.........................................................6 Marx, N..............................................................14 Koda, F................................................................9 Matos, J.............................................................26 L Labiapari, W. S..................................................14 Lagatta, C. F......................................................19 Laikhtman, A......................................................22 Lapsker, I...........................................................22 Lépore Neto, F. P.................................................7 Li, X-Y..................................................................6 Lima, L. G. B. S.................................................19 Lima, L...............................................................26 Mattos, J. M.........................................................5 Maya-Johnson, S.................................................8 Medeiros, J. T. N............................................7, 21 Mello, J. D. B...........................3, 5, 10, 12, 14, 27 Mello, V. S...........................................................4 Milan, M. T.........................................................28 Mohrbacher, H...................................................19 Moshkovich, A...................................................22 Mucelin, K. J......................................................27 Limol, L. L..........................................................23 O Liu, L....................................................................7 Oliveira, A. R. F..................................................21 Liu, Y..................................................................20 Oliveira, C. A. S...................................................3 M Oliveira, R. P........................................................9 Macêdo, M. C. S................................................23 P Machado, I. F.....................................................19 Pajaczkowski, P.................................................15 Machado, R. D...................................................18 Palacio, L. M. H.................................................26 Maciel, H. S.......................................................11 Pancieri, J. G. P.................................................28 Magalhães, A. R................................................16 Pang, X-J...........................................................24 Maranho, O..........................................................3 Pascovici, M. D..................................................16 Marra, J. M........................................................15 Perfilyev, V.........................................................22 Martinez, J. A. B..................................................9 Pessoa, R. S......................................................11 32 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 Pinedo, C. E........................................................6 Sardinha, V........................................................26 Pinho, K. F...........................................................5 Scandian, C.......................................5, 23, 25, 27 Pintaude, G......................................................3, 8 Scheid, A...........................................................18 Prados, E. F.......................................................19 Scheuer, C. J.....................................................18 Pukasiewicz, A. G. M...........................................4 Schmitberger, V. V.............................................23 R Schön, C. G.......................................................17 Rapoport, L........................................................22 Raslan, A. A.......................................................21 Rego, V..............................................................26 Reis, M. A..........................................................16 Rezaï-Aria, F........................................................5 Rodrigues, L. C..................................................17 Romero, J. L......................................................26 Rzatki, F. D........................................................10 Schoreder, R......................................................12 Schroeder, R. M.................................................10 Schubert, A........................................................15 Seabra, J. H. O..................................................11 Seriacopi, V.......................................................19 Shangguan, B....................................................24 Silva Júnior, J..............................................12, 21 Silva Júnior, W. M................................................3 Silva, C. H..................................................4, 9, 16 S Silva, D. R..........................................................21 Salvaro, D. B.....................................................12 Silva, E. R..........................................................21 Salvaro, D............................................................5 Silva, F. J...........................................................25 Santa, J. F............................................................8 Silva, F. N..........................................................21 Santana, A. L. B...................................................3 Silvério, M..........................................................12 Santos, D. T.......................................................17 Sinatora, A.....................................................9, 12 Santos, E. S.......................................................13 Soprano, P. B.......................................................5 Santos, E.............................................................9 Souza, D. M.........................................................7 Santos, M. B..................................................7, 14 Souza, G. S.........................................................8 Santos, R. F.......................................................21 Souza, R. M.......................................................19 Santos, T. B.......................................................11 Spikes, H.....................................................11, 14 Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014 33 Spiridon, M........................................................15 Vaz, F.................................................................26 Stahl, K..............................................................13 Velásquez, P. A. C.............................................26 Stemplinger, J-P................................................13 Victor, S...............................................................3 Stickel, D...........................................................23 Vieira, L.............................................................11 Strey, N. F..........................................................27 W T Wang, X.........................................................7, 23 Tamayo, A. C. B.................................................14 Wang, Y.............................................................20 Taylor, R. I..........................................................14 Wasilczuk, M.....................................................10 Teixeira, R. C.......................................................5 Wodtke, M.........................................................10 Teles, V. C...........................................................3 Woydt, M...........................................................19 Thomas, E.........................................................16 Tiboni, G. B..........................................................4 Toro, A.....................................................8, 14, 26 Torrell, M............................................................26 Trajano, M. F......................................................13 Trindade, E. D...............................................5, 12 Tschiptschin, A. P.................................................6 Tuckart, W. R.....................................................25 V Vale, J. L............................................................16 Y Yang, Z-H..........................................................24 Young-Sik, P......................................................20 Z Zabala, N. A.......................................................25 Zavaglia, C........................................................26 Zhang, Y-Z.........................................................24 Anotações 2014 SPECIAL SUPPORT Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology TriboBR-2014 Support November 3rd to 5th, 2014 - Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil *Confirmed until October 17th, 2014 CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FEI Official Program Abstracts Booklet Held by tribobr-livreto2014.indd 1 17/10/2014 09:37:05
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