Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture
Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture A Reference Architecture for the design, configuration and implementation of a VMware Horizon View environment. Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering November 2014 A Dell Reference Architecture Revisions 2 Date Description May 2014 Initial release v.6.5 November 2014 Updated to include 13g servers and increased VM density v.6.6 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 THIS WHITE PAPER IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND MAY CONTAIN TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS AND TECHNICAL INACCURACIES. THE CONTENT IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND. © 2014 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this material in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Dell Inc. is strictly forbidden. For more information, contact Dell. 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Dell disclaims proprietary interest in the marks and names of others. 3 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Table of contents Revisions ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Purpose of this document ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 New in this release .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Solution architecture overview ............................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Physical architecture overview ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Dell Wyse Datacenter – solution layers ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Local Tier 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Local Tier 1 – 50 user combined pilot ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Local Tier 1 – 50 user scale-ready pilot.................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Local Tier 1 (iSCSI) ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – 555 users (iSCSI) .................................................................................................................. 16 2.3.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack (iSCSI – EQL) ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.3.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – 1000 users (FC – CML) ...................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Shared Tier 1 – Blade ................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – 555 users (iSCSI – EQL) .................................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Shared Tier 1 – Blade (iSCSI – EQL) .......................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade (FC – CML) .............................................................................................................................. 27 3 Hardware components ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Networking ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Force10 S55 (ToR switch) ............................................................................................................................................ 30 3.1.2 Force10 S60 (1Gb ToR switch) ................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.3 Force10 S4810 (10Gb ToR switch) ............................................................................................................................. 32 3.1.4 Brocade 6510 (FC ToR switch) ................................................................................................................................... 34 3.1.5 PowerEdge M I/O Aggregator (10Gb blade interconnect) .................................................................................... 35 3.1.6 PowerConnect M6348 (1Gb blade interconnect) ................................................................................................... 35 3.1.7 Brocade M5424 (FC blade interconnect) ................................................................................................................. 36 3.2 4 Servers ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.2.1 PowerEdge R730 ........................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2 PowerEdge M620.......................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.3 Storage ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38 3.3.1 EqualLogic Tier 1 storage (iSCSI) ................................................................................................................................ 38 3.3.2 EqualLogic Tier 2 storage (iSCSI)................................................................................................................................ 39 3.3.3 Compellent storage (FC).............................................................................................................................................. 46 3.3.4 NAS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 3.4 Dell Wyse Cloud Clients .............................................................................................................................................. 50 3.4.1 Dell Wyse P25 ................................................................................................................................................................ 50 3.4.2 Dell Wyse D10DP .......................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.4.3 Dell Wyse P45 ................................................................................................................................................................ 50 3.4.4 Dell Wyse Z50D ............................................................................................................................................................. 51 3.4.5 Dell Wyse Z90D ............................................................................................................................................................. 51 3.4.6 Dell Wyse Z90Q8 .......................................................................................................................................................... 51 3.4.7 Dell Chromebook 11 ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 4 Software components ............................................................................................................................................................ 53 4.1 What's new in this release of Horizon View 6.0? .................................................................................................... 53 4.2 VMware Horizon View .................................................................................................................................................. 54 4.3 VDI hypervisor platform ............................................................................................................................................... 55 4.3.1 VMware vSphere 5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 55 5 Solution architecture............................................................................................................................................................... 56 5.1 Compute server infrastructure ................................................................................................................................... 56 5.1.1 Local Tier 1 – Rack........................................................................................................................................................ 56 5.1.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack ..................................................................................................................................................... 56 5.1.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade ................................................................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Management server infrastructure............................................................................................................................. 58 5.2.1 SQL databases ............................................................................................................................................................... 59 5.2.2 DNS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 59 5.3 Scaling guidance .......................................................................................................................................................... 60 5.3.1 Windows 7 – vSphere .................................................................................................................................................. 61 5.3.2 Windows 8 – vSphere .................................................................................................................................................. 62 5.3.3 Windows 8.1 – vSphere ............................................................................................................................................... 63 5 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.3.4 Windows 2008R2 – vSphere ...................................................................................................................................... 63 5.4 Storage architecture overview .................................................................................................................................... 64 5.4.1 Local Tier 1 storage ....................................................................................................................................................... 64 5.4.2 Shared Tier 1 storage .................................................................................................................................................... 64 5.4.3 Shared Tier 2 storage ................................................................................................................................................... 65 5.4.4 Storage networking – EqualLogic iSCSI ................................................................................................................... 65 5.4.5 Storage networking – Compellent Fibre Channel .................................................................................................. 67 5.5 Virtual networking .........................................................................................................................................................68 5.5.1 Local Tier 1 – Rack – iSCSI .........................................................................................................................................68 5.5.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – iSCSI ....................................................................................................................................... 70 5.5.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Fibre Channel ....................................................................................................................... 73 5.5.4 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – iSCSI ..................................................................................................................................... 75 5.5.5 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Fibre Channel ..................................................................................................................... 77 5.6 Solution high availability .............................................................................................................................................. 78 5.6.1 Compute layer HA (Local Tier 1) ................................................................................................................................ 79 5.6.2 vSphere HA (Shared Tier 1) ......................................................................................................................................... 80 5.6.3 Horizon View infrastructure protection .................................................................................................................... 81 5.6.4 Management server high availability ......................................................................................................................... 81 5.6.5 Horizon View VCS high availability ............................................................................................................................ 81 5.6.6 Windows File Services high availability ...................................................................................................................... 82 5.6.7 SQL Server high availability ......................................................................................................................................... 82 5.6.8 Load balancing .............................................................................................................................................................. 82 5.7 6 7 VMware Horizon View communication flow ...........................................................................................................84 Customer-provided solution components ......................................................................................................................... 85 6.1 Customer-provided storage requirements .............................................................................................................. 85 6.2 Customer-provided switching requirements .......................................................................................................... 85 Solution performance and testing ........................................................................................................................................86 7.1 Load generation and monitoring ...............................................................................................................................86 7.1.1 VMware View Planner...................................................................................................................................................86 7.1.2 Login VSI – Login Consultants ...................................................................................................................................86 7.1.3 Liquidware Labs Stratusphere UX ...............................................................................................................................86 7.1.4 EqualLogic SAN HQ ...................................................................................................................................................... 87 6 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.1.5 VMware vCenter ............................................................................................................................................................ 87 7.2 Performance analysis methodology ..........................................................................................................................88 7.2.1 Resource utilization ......................................................................................................................................................88 7.2.2 EUE tools information ..................................................................................................................................................89 7.2.3 EUE real user information ............................................................................................................................................89 7.2.4 Dell Wyse Datacenter workloads and profiles .........................................................................................................89 7.2.5 Dell Wyse Datacenter profiles ................................................................................................................................... 90 7.2.6 Dell Wyse Datacenter workloads .............................................................................................................................. 90 7.2.7 Workloads running on shared graphics profile ....................................................................................................... 92 7.2.8 Workloads running on dedicated graphics profile .................................................................................................. 92 7.3 Testing and validation .................................................................................................................................................. 92 7.3.1 Testing process ............................................................................................................................................................. 92 7.4 VMware Horizon View test results ............................................................................................................................. 93 7.4.1 vSphere 5.5 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 94 7.5 Dell EqualLogic PS6210XS testing with VMware Horizon View ........................................................................... 99 7.5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99 7.5.2 Compute resources ....................................................................................................................................................100 7.5.3 Network resources .....................................................................................................................................................100 7.5.4 iSCSI SAN configuration overview ...........................................................................................................................100 7.5.5 Test objectives: ............................................................................................................................................................ 101 7.5.6 Test criteria/thresholds: ............................................................................................................................................. 101 7.5.7 Boot storm I/O ............................................................................................................................................................ 102 7.5.8 Login storm I/O ........................................................................................................................................................... 103 7.5.9 Steady state I/O ........................................................................................................................................................... 105 7.5.10 Server host performance ........................................................................................................................................... 107 7.5.11 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................................... 108 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................................... 110 About the authors ......................................................................................................................................................................... 110 7 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of this document This document describes: Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture scaling from 50 to 50,000+ virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) users. Solution options encompass a combination of solution models including local disks, iSCSI or Fibre Channel based storage options. This document addresses the architecture design, configuration and implementation considerations for the key components of the architecture required to deliver virtual desktops via VMware Horizon View on VMware vSphere 5. 1.2 Scope Relative to delivering the virtual desktop environment, the objectives of this document are to: 1.3 Define the detailed technical design for the solution. Define the hardware requirements to support the design. Define the design constraints which are relevant to the design. Define relevant risks, issues, assumptions and concessions – referencing existing ones where possible. Provide a breakdown of the design into key elements such that the reader receives an incremental or modular explanation of the design. Provide solution scaling and component selection guidance. New in this release RDS based desktop and Remote App support - http://dell.to/QRqAud View 6 Cloud POD Architecture - http://dell.to/1gOGrB5 See the attached hyperlinks for focused white papers on each of the above topics. 8 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2 Solution architecture overview 2.1 Introduction The Dell Wyse Datacenter Solution leverages a core set of hardware and software components consisting of 4 primary layers: Networking Layer Compute Server Layer Management Server Layer Storage Layer These components have been integrated and tested to provide the optimal balance of high performance and lowest cost per user. Additionally, the Dell Wyse Datacenter Solution includes an approved extended list of optional components in the same categories. These components give IT departments the flexibility to custom tailor the solution for environments with unique virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) feature, scale or performance needs. The Dell Wyse Datacenter stack is designed to be a cost effective starting point for IT departments looking to migrate to a fully virtualized desktop environment slowly. This approach allows you to grow the investment and commitment as needed or as your IT staff becomes more comfortable with VDI technologies. 9 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.1.1 Physical architecture overview The core Dell Wyse Datacenter architecture consists of two models: Local Tier 1 and Shared Tier 1. Tier 1 in the Dell Wyse Datacenter context defines from which disk source the VDI sessions execute. Local Tier 1 includes rack servers only while Shared Tier 1 can include rack or blade servers due to the usage of shared Tier 1 storage. Tier 2 storage is present in both solution architectures and, while having a reduced performance requirement, is utilized for user profile/data and Management virtual machine (VM) execution. Management VM execution occurs using Tier 2 storage for all solution models. Dell Wyse Datacenter is a 100% virtualized solution architecture. In the Shared Tier 1 solution model, an additional high-performance shared storage array is added to handle the execution of the VDI sessions. All compute and management layer hosts in this model are diskless. Local Tier 1 MGMT Server CPU RAM Shared Tier 1 Compute Server CPU VDI Disk RAM Mgmt VMs MGMT Server CPU RAM Compute Server CPU Mgmt VMs RAM VDI VMs VDI VMs Mgmt Disk User Data T2 Shared Storage 10 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Mgmt Disk User Data T2 Shared Storage VDI Disk T1 Shared Storage 2.1.2 Dell Wyse Datacenter – solution layers Only a single high performance Force10 48-port switch is required to get started in the network layer. This switch will host all solution traffic consisting of 1Gb iSCSI and LAN sources for smaller stacks. Above 1000 users we recommend that LAN and iSCSI traffic be separated into discrete switching fabrics. Additional switches can be added and stacked as required to provide High Availability for the Network layer. The compute layer consists of the server resources responsible for hosting the Horizon View user sessions, hosted via the VMware vSphere hypervisor, local or shared tier 1 solution models (local Tier 1 pictured below). VDI management components are dedicated to their own layer so as to not negatively impact the user sessions running in the compute layer. This physical separation of resources provides clean, linear and predictable scaling without the need to reconfigure or move resources within the solution as you grow. The management layer will host all the VMs necessary to support the VDI infrastructure. The storage layer consists of options provided by EqualLogic for iSCSI and Compellent arrays for Fibre Channel to suit your Tier 1 and Tier 2 scaling and capacity needs. 11 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.2 Local Tier 1 2.2.1 Local Tier 1 – 50 user combined pilot For a very small deployment or pilot effort to familiarize you with the solution architecture, we offer a 50 user combined pilot solution. This architecture is non-distributed with all VDI, Management and storage functions on a single host running vSphere. If additional scaling is desired, you can grow into a larger distributed architecture seamlessly with no loss on initial investment. 2.2.2 Local Tier 1 – 50 user scale-ready pilot In addition to the 50 user combined offering we also offer a scale ready version that includes Tier 2 storage. The basic architecture is the same but customers looking to scale out quickly will benefit by building out into Tier 2 initially. 12 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.2.3 Local Tier 1 (iSCSI) The Local Tier 1 solution model provides a scalable rack-based configuration that hosts user VDI sessions on local disk in the compute layer. 13 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.2.3.1 Local Tier 1 – network architecture (iSCSI) Core switch VDI V LAN vMotion VLAN Trunk DRAC VLAN Mgmt VLAN In the local tier 1 architecture, a single Force10 switch can be shared among all network connections for both management and compute, up to 1000 users. Over 1000 users Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering recommends separating the network fabrics to isolate iSCSI and LAN traffic as well as making each switch stack redundant. Only the management servers connect to iSCSI storage in this model. All Top of Rack (ToR) traffic has been designed to be layer 2 (switched locally), with all layer 3 (routable) VLANs trunked from a core or distribution switch. The following diagrams illustrate the logical data flow in relation to the core switch. ToR switches iSCSI SAN Compute hosts Mgmt hosts 14 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.2.3.2 Local Tier 1 cabling diagram for high availability (HA) (Rack – HA) S55/ S60 S55/ S60 LAN SAN 2.2.3.3 Local Tier 1 rack scaling guidance (iSCSI) Local Tier 1 Hardware Scaling (iSCSI) User Scale ToR LAN 1-1000 15 ToR 1Gb iSCSI S55 EQL T2 EQL NAS PS4100E - 1-1000 (HA) S55 S55 PS4100E FS7600 1-3000 S55 S55 PS6100E FS7600 3000-6000 S55 S55 PS6500E FS7600 6000+ S60 S60 PS6500E FS7600 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack 2.3.1 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – 555 users (iSCSI) For proofs of concept (POCs) or small deployments, Tier 1 and Tier 2 can be combined on a single PS6210XS storage array. Above 555 users, a separate array needs to be used for Tier 2. 16 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack (iSCSI – EQL) For 555 or more users on EqualLogic (EQL), the Storage layers are separated into discrete arrays. The drawing below depicts a 3000 user build where the network fabrics are separated for LAN and iSCSI traffic. Additional PS6210XS arrays are added for Tier 1 as the user count scales, just as the Tier 2 array models change also based on scale. The PS4110E, PS6210E and PS6510E are 10Gb Tier 2 array options. NAS is recommended above 1000 users to provide HA for file services. 17 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.2.1 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – network architecture (iSCSI) Core switch VDI V LAN vMotion VLAN Trunk DRAC VLAN Mgmt VLAN In the Shared Tier 1 architecture for rack servers, both management and compute servers connect to shared storage in this model. All ToR traffic has designed to be layer 2 (switched locally), with all layer 3 (routable) VLANs routed through a core or distribution switch. The following diagrams illustrate the server NIC to ToR switch connections, vSwitch assignments, as well as logical VLAN flow in relation to the core switch. ToR switches iSCSI SAN Compute hosts Mgmt hosts 18 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.2.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Cabling diagram (Rack – EQL) LAN SAN S55/S60 2.3.2.3 S4810 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Scaling guidance (iSCSI) Shared Tier 1 Hardware Scaling (Rack – iSCSI) User Scale 19 ToR LAN ToR 1Gb iSCSI EQL T1 EQL T2 EQL NAS 1-500 S55 S4810 PS6210XS - - 500-1000 S55 S4810 PS6210XS PS4110E - 1-1000 (HA) S55 S4810 PS6210XS PS4110E NX3300 1-3000 S55 S4810 PS6210XS PS6210E NX3300 3000-6000 S55 S4810 PS6210XS PS6510E NX3300 6000+ S60 S4810 PS6210XS PS6510E NX3300 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – 1000 users (FC – CML) Utilizing Compellent (CML) storage for Shared Tier 1 provides a Fibre Channel solution where Tier 1 and Tier 2 can optionally be combined in a single array. Tier 2 functions (user data + management VMs) can be removed from the array if the customer has another tier 2 solution in place or a tier 2 Compellent array can be used. Scaling this solution is very linear by predictably adding Compellent arrays for every 2000 basic users, on average. The image below depicts a 1000 user array. For 2000 users, 96 total disks in 4 shelves are required. Please see section 3.3.3 for more information. 20 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.3.1 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Network architecture (FC) Core switch VDI V LAN vMotion VLAN Trunk DRAC VLAN Mgmt VLAN In the Shared Tier 1 architecture for rack servers using Fibre Channel (FC), a separate switching infrastructure is required for FC. Management and compute servers will both connect to shared storage using FC. Both management and compute servers connect to all network VLANs in this model. All ToR traffic has designed to be layer 2 (switched locally), with all layer 3 (routable) VLANs routed through a core or distribution switch. The following diagrams illustrate the server NIC to ToR switch connections, vSwitch assignments, as well as logical VLAN flow in relation to the core switch. FC switch ToR Ethernet switch FC SAN Compute hosts Mgmt hosts 21 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.3.3.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Cabling diagram (Rack – CML) S55/S60 6510 LAN SAN 2.3.3.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Scaling guidance (FC) Shared Tier 1 Hardware Scaling (Rack – FC) User Scale 22 LAN Network FC Network CML T1 CML T2 CML NAS 1-1000 S55 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS - - 1-1000 (HA) S55 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL-SAS FS8600 1000-6000 S55 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL-SAS FS8600 6000+ S60 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL-SAS FS8600 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4 Shared Tier 1 – Blade 2.4.1 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – 555 users (iSCSI – EQL) As is the case in the Shared Tier 1 model using rack servers, blades can also be used in a 500 user bundle by combing Tier 1 and Tier 2 on a single PS6210XS array. Above 555 users, separate Tier 1 and Tier 2 storage into discrete arrays. 23 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4.2 Shared Tier 1 – Blade (iSCSI – EQL) Above 1000 users the storage tiers need to be separated to maximize the performance of the PS6210XS for VDI sessions. At this scale we also separate LAN from iSCSI switching. Optionally, load balancing and NAS can be added for HA. The drawing below depicts a 3000 user solution. 24 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4.2.1 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Network architecture (iSCSI) Core switch VDI V LAN vMotion VLAN Trunk DRAC VLAN Mgmt VLAN In the Shared Tier 1 architecture for blades, only iSCSI is switched through a ToR switch. There is no need to switch LAN ToR since the M6348 in the chassis supports LAN to the blades and can be uplinked to the core or distribution layers directly. The M6348 has 16 external ports per switch that can be optionally used for DRAC/IPMI traffic. For greater redundancy, a ToR switch used to support DRAC/IPMI can be used outside of the chassis. Both Management and Compute servers connect to all VLANs in this model. The following diagram illustrates the server NIC to ToR switch connections, vSwitch assignments, as well as logical VLAN flow in relation to the core switch. ToR switch iSCSI SAN Compute hosts Mgmt hosts 25 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4.2.2 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Cabling diagram (Blade – EQL) Core S4810 Stack 10Gb LAN 10Gb SAN Stacking 2.4.2.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Scaling guidance (iSCSI) Shared Tier 1 Hardware Scaling (Blade – iSCSI) User Scale 26 Blade LAN Blade iSCSI ToR 10Gb iSCSI EQL T1 EQL T2 EQL NAS 1-500 M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS - - 500-1000 M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS PS4110E - 1-1000 (HA) M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS PS4110E NX3300 1-3000 M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS PS6110E NX3300 3000-6000 M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS PS6510E NX3300 6000+ M6348 IOA S4810 PS6210XS PS6510E NX3300 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade (FC – CML) Fibre Channel is again an option in Shared Tier 1 using blades. There are a few key differences using FC with blades instead of iSCSI: Blade chassis interconnects, FC HBAs in the servers and FC IO cards in the Compellent arrays. ToR FC switching is optional if a suitable FC infrastructure is already in place. The image below depicts a 4000 user stack. 27 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Core switch VDI V LAN Trunk vMotion VLAN Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Network architecture (FC) DRAC VLAN Mgmt VLAN 2.4.3.1 FC switch FC SAN Compute hosts Mgmt hosts 28 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 2.4.3.2 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Cabling diagram (Blade – CML) Core 6510 FC fabric A 6510 FC fabric B 10Gb LAN FC SAN Stacking 2.4.3.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Scaling guidance (FC) Shared Tier 1 Hardware Scaling (Blade – FC) User Scale 29 Blade LAN Blade FC ToR FC CML T1 CML T2 CML NAS 1-500 IOA 5424 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS - - 500-100 IOA 5424 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS - - 1-1000 (HA) IOA 5424 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL SAS FS8600 1000-6000 IOA 5424 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL SAS FS8600 6000+ IOA 5424 6510 SC8000, 15K SAS SC8000, NL SAS FS8600 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3 Hardware components 3.1 Networking The following sections contain the core network components for the Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions. General uplink cabling guidance to consider in all cases is that Twinax is very cost effective for short 10Gb runs and for longer runs it is best to use fiber with SFPs. 3.1.1 Force10 S55 (ToR switch) The Dell Force10 S-Series S55 1/10 GbE Top-of-Rack (ToR) switch is optimized for lowering operational costs while increasing scalability and improving manageability at the network edge. Optimized for highperformance data center applications, the S55 is recommended for Dell Wyse Datacenter deployments of 6000 users or less and leverages a non-blocking architecture that delivers line-rate, low-latency L2 and L3 switching to eliminate network bottlenecks. The high-density S55 design provides 48 GbE access ports with up to four modular 10 GbE uplinks in just 1-RU to conserve valuable rack space. The S55 incorporates multiple architectural features that optimize data center network efficiency and reliability, including IO panel to PSU airflow or PSU to IO panel airflow for hot/cold aisle environments and redundant, hotswappable power supplies and fans. A “scale-as-you-grow” ToR solution that is simple to deploy and manage, up to 8 S55 switches can be stacked to create a single logical switch by utilizing Dell Force10’s stacking technology and high-speed stacking modules. Model Force10 S55 Features 44 x BaseT (10/100/1000) + 4 x SFP Options Redundant PSUs 4 x 1Gb SFP (Cu or fiber) 12 or 24Gb stacking port (up to 8 switches) 2 x slots for 10Gb uplink or stacking modules Guidance: 30 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses ToR switch for LAN and iSCSI in Local Tier 1 solution 10Gb uplinks to a core or distribution switch are the preferred design choice using the rear 10Gb uplink modules. If 10Gb to a core or distribution switch is unavailable the front 4 x 1Gb SFP ports can be used. The front 4 SFP ports can support copper cabling and can be upgraded to optical if a longer run is needed. For more information on the S55 switch and Dell Force10 networking, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/force10-s55/pd 3.1.1.1 Force10 S55 stacking The Top of Rack switches in the Network layer can be optionally stacked with additional switches, if greater port count or redundancy is desired. Each switch will need a stacking module plugged into a rear bay and connected with a stacking cable. The best practice for switch stacks greater than 2 is to cable in a ring configuration with the last switch in the stack cabled back to the first. Uplinks need to be configured on all switches in the stack back to the core to provide redundancy and failure protection. 3.1.2 Force10 S60 (1Gb ToR switch) The Dell Force10 S-Series S60 is a high-performance 1/10 GbE access switch optimized for lowering operational costs at the network edge and is recommended for Dell Wyse Datacenter deployments over 6000 users. The S60 answers the key challenges related to network congestion in data center ToR (Topof-Rack) and service provider aggregation deployments. As the use of large data burst applications and services continue to increase, huge spikes in network traffic that can cause network congestion and packet loss also become more common. The S60 is equipped with the industry’s largest packet buffer (1.25 GB), enabling it to deliver lower application latency and maintain predictable network performance even when faced with significant spikes in network traffic. Providing 48 line-rate GbE ports and up to four optional 10 GbE uplinks in just 1-RU, the S60 conserves valuable rack space. Further, the S60 design delivers unmatched configuration flexibility, high reliability and power and cooling efficiency to reduce costs. Model Force10 S60 Features 44 x BaseT (10/100/1000) + 4 x SFP High performance High scalability Options 31 Redundant PSUs 4 x 1Gb SFP (Cu or fiber) 12 or 24Gb stacking ports (up to 12 switches) 2 x slots for 10Gb uplink or stacking modules Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Higher scale ToR switch for LAN in Local + Shared Tier 1 and iSCSI in Local Tier 1 solution Guidance: 10Gb uplinks to a core or distribution switch is the preferred design choice using the rear 10Gb uplink modules. If 10Gb to a core or distribution switch is unavailable the front 4 x 1Gb SFP ports can be used. The front 4 SFP ports can support copper cabling and can be upgraded to optical if a longer run is needed. The S60 is appropriate for use in solutions scaling higher than 6000 users. For more information on the S60 switch and Dell Force10 networking, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/force10-s60/pd 3.1.2.1 S60 stacking The S60 switch can be optionally stacked with 2 or more switches, if greater port count or redundancy is desired. Each switch will need a stacking module plugged into a rear bay and connected with a stacking cable. The best practice for switch stacks greater than 2 is to cable in a ring configuration with the last switch in the stack cabled back to the first. Uplinks need to be configured on all switches in the stack back to the core to provide redundancy and failure protection. 3.1.3 Force10 S4810 (10Gb ToR switch) The Dell Force10 S-Series S4810 is an ultra-low latency 10/40 GbE Top-of-Rack (ToR) switch purposebuilt for applications in high-performance data center and computing environments. Leveraging a nonblocking, cut-through switching architecture, the S4810 delivers line-rate L2 and L3 forwarding capacity with ultra-low latency to maximize network performance. The compact S4810 design provides industryleading density of 48 dual-speed 1/10 GbE (SFP+) ports as well as four 40 GbE QSFP+ uplinks to conserve valuable rack space and simplify the migration to 40 Gbps in the data center core (Each 40 GbE QSFP+ 32 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 uplink can support four 10 GbE ports with a breakout cable). Priority-based Flow Control (PFC), Data Center Bridge Exchange (DCBX), Enhance Transmission Selection (ETS), coupled with ultra-low latency and line rate throughput, make the S4810 ideally suited for iSCSI storage, FCoE Transit & DCB environments. Model Force10 S4810 Features 48 x SFP+ (1Gb/10Gb) + 4 x QSFP+ (40Gb) Redundant PSUs Options Single-mode/multi-mode optics, Twinax, QSFP+ breakout cables Stack up to 6 switches with SFP or QSFP (2 with VLT) Uses ToR switch for iSCSI in Shared Tier 1 solution Guidance: The 40Gb QSFP+ ports can be split into 4 x 10Gb ports using breakout cables for stand-alone units, if necessary. This is not supported in stacked configurations. 10Gb or 40Gb uplinks to a core or distribution switch is the preferred design choice. The front 4 SFP ports can support copper cabling and can be upgraded to optical if a longer run is needed. The S60 is appropriate for use in solutions scaling higher than 6000 users. For more information on the S4810 switch and Dell Force10 networking, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/force10-s4810/pd 3.1.3.1 S4810 stacking The S4810 switch can be optionally stacked up to 6 switches or configured to use Virtual Link Trunking (VLT) up to 2 switches. Stacking is supported on either SFP or QSFP ports as long as that port is configured for stacking. The best practice for switch stacks greater than 2 is to cable in a ring configuration with the last switch in the stack cabled back to the first. Uplinks need to be configured on all switches in the stack back to the core to provide redundancy and failure protection. 33 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.1.4 Brocade 6510 (FC ToR switch) The Brocade 6510 Switch meets the demands of hyper-scale, private cloud storage environments by delivering market-leading speeds up to 16 Gbps Fibre Channel technology and capabilities that support highly virtualized environments. Designed to enable maximum flexibility and investment protection, the Brocade 6510 is configurable in 24, 36, or 48 ports and supports 2, 4, 8, or 16 Gbps speeds in an efficiently designed 1U package. It also provides a simplified deployment process and a point-and-click user interface—making it both powerful and easy to use. The Brocade 6510 offers low-cost access to industryleading Storage Area Network (SAN) technology while providing “pay-as-you-grow” scalability to meet the needs of an evolving storage environment. Model Features Brocade 6510 48 x 2/4/8/16Gb FC Additional FlexIO module (optional) Up to 24 total ports (internal + external) Options Ports on demand from 24, 36 and 48. Uses FC ToR switch for all solutions. Optional for blades. 48 x Auto-sensing ports Guidance: The 6510 FC switch can be licensed to light the number of ports required for the deployment. If only 24 or fewer ports are required for a given implementation, then only those need to be licensed. Up to 239 Brocade switches can be used in a single FC fabric. For more information on the Brocade 6510 switch, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/enterprise/p/brocade-6510/pd 34 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.1.5 PowerEdge M I/O Aggregator (10Gb blade interconnect) Model PowerEdge M I/O Aggregator (IOA) Features Up to 32 x 10Gb ports + 4 x external SFP+ 2 x line rate fixed QSFP+ ports 2 x FlexIO module bays Options Uses 2-port QSFP+ modules in 4x10Gb mode 4-port SFP+ 10Gb module 4-port 10GBaseT copper module (one per IOA) Stacking available only with Active System Manager FlexIO slots to provide additional copper or SFP+ ports Blade switch for iSCSI in Shared Tier 1 blade solution 2 x QSFP+ ports (4x10Gb) Guidance: 10Gb uplinks to a ToR switch are the preferred design choice using Twinax or optical cabling for longer runs. If copper-based uplinks are necessary, additional FlexIO modules can be used. For more information on the Dell IOA switch, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/poweredge-m-io-aggregator/pd 3.1.6 PowerConnect M6348 (1Gb blade interconnect) Model PowerConnect M6348 Features Options 32 x internal (1Gb) 16 x external Base-T 2 x 10Gb SFP+ 2 x 16Gb stacking/CX4 ports Uses Blade switch for LAN traffic in Shared Tier 1 blade solution Stack up to 12 switches 16 x 1Gb Base-T ports CONSOLE XG4 XG3 XG2 LK Act LK Act XG1 47 33 M6348 34 LK 48 Act 2 x 16Gb Stacking/ CX4 ports 2 x 1Gb/10Gb SFP+ uplink ports Guidance: 35 10Gb uplinks to a core or distribution switch are the preferred design choice using Twinax or optical cabling via the SFP+ ports. 16 x external 1Gb ports can be used for Management ports, DRACs, etc. Stack up to 12 switches using stacking ports. Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.1.7 Brocade M5424 (FC blade interconnect) The Brocade M5424 switch and the Dell PowerEdge M1000e blade enclosure provide robust solutions for Fibre Channel SAN deployments. Not only does this offering help simplify and reduce the amount of SAN hardware components required for a deployment, but it also maintains the scalability, performance, interoperability and management of traditional SAN environments. The M5424 can easily integrate FC technology into new or existing SAN environments using the PowerEdge M1000e blade enclosure. The Brocade M5424 is a flexible platform that delivers advanced functionality, performance, manageability, scalability with up to 16 internal fabric ports and up to 8 2GB/4GB/8GB auto-sensing uplinks and is ideal for larger storage area networks. Integration of SAN switching capabilities with the M5424 also helps to reduce complexity and increase SAN manageability. Model Brocade M5424 Features Up to 8 x 2/4/8Gb autosensing uplinks 16 x internal fabric ports Options Ports on demand from 12 to 24. Uses Blade switch for FC in Shared Tier 1 model. Guidance: 12-port model includes 2 x 8Gb transceivers, 24-port models include 4 or 8 transceivers. Up to 239 Brocade switches can be used in a single FC fabric. 3.1.7.1 QLogic QME2572 host bus adapter The QLogic QME2572 is a dual-channel 8Gb/s Fibre Channel host bus adapter (HBA) designed for use in PowerEdge M1000e blade servers. Doubling the throughput enables higher levels of server consolidation and reduces data-migration/backup windows. It also improves performance and ensures reduced response time for mission-critical and next generation killer applications. Optimized for virtualization, power, security and management, as well as reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS), the QME2572 delivers 200,000 IOs per second (IOPS). 36 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.1.7.2 QLogic QLE2562 HBA The QLE2562 is a PCI Express, dual port, Fibre Channel HBA. The QLE2562 is part of the QLE2500 HBA product family that offers next generation 8 Gb FC technology, meeting the business requirements of the enterprise data center. Features of this HBA includes throughput of 3200 MBps (full-duplex), 200,000 initiator and target I/Os per second (IOPS) per port and StarPower technologybased dynamic and adaptive power management. Benefits include optimizations for virtualization, power, reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) and security. 3.2 Servers 3.2.1 PowerEdge R730 PowerEdge R720 The rack server platform for the Dell Wyse Datacenter solution is the best-in-class Dell PowerEdge R730. This dual socket CPU platform runs the fastest Intel Xeon E5-2600 v3 family of processors, can host up to 768GB RAM and supports up to 16 2.5” SAS disks. The Dell PowerEdge R730 offers uncompromising performance and scalability in a 2U form factor. For more information, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/poweredge-r730/pd 3.2.2 37 PowerEdge M620 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 The blade server platform for the Dell Wyse Datacenter solution is the PowerEdge M620. This half-height blade server is a feature-rich, dual-processor platform that offers a blend of density, performance, efficiency and scalability. The M620 offers remarkable computational density, scaling up to 24 cores, 2 socket Intel Xeon processors and 24 DIMMs (768GB RAM) of DDR3 memory in an extremely compact half-height blade form factor. This server platform is currently offered in both the PowerEdge M1000e blade enclosure and VRTX shared infrastructure platform. For more information, please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/poweredge-m620/pd 3.3 Storage 3.3.1 EqualLogic Tier 1 storage (iSCSI) 3.3.1.1 PS6210XS Implement both high-speed, low-latency solid-state disk (SSD) technology and high-capacity HDDs from a single chassis. The PS6210XS 10GbE iSCSI array is a Dell Fluid Data solution with a virtualized scale-out architecture that delivers enhanced storage performance and reliability that is easy to manage and scale for future needs. For more information please visit: http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/equallogicps6210-series/pd Model EqualLogic PS6210XS Features 38 24-drive hybrid array (SSD + 10K SAS) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ, 4 x 10Gb interfaces per controller (2 x SFP + 2 x 10GBT) Options Uses 13 TB – 7 x 400GB SSD + 17 x 600GB 10K SAS Tier 1 array for Shared Tier 1 solution model (10Gb – iSCSI) 26 TB – 7 x 800GB SSD + 17 x 1.2TB 10K SAS Tier 1 array for Shared Tier 1 solution model requiring greater per user capacity (10Gb – iSCSI) Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7 x SSD + 17 x 10K SAS 10Gb Ethernet ports 3.3.2 EqualLogic Tier 2 storage (iSCSI) The following arrays can be used for management VM storage and user data, depending on the scale of the deployment. Please refer to the hardware tables in section 2 or the “Uses” column of each array below. For more information on Dell EqualLogic offerings, please visit: http://www.dellstorage.com/equallogic/ 3.3.2.1 PS4100E Model EqualLogic PS4100E Features 39 12 drive bays (NL-SAS/ 7200 RPM) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 1Gb Options 12TB – 12 x 1TB HDDs 24TB – 12 x 2TB HDDs 36TB – 12 x 3TB HDDs Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Tier 2 array for 1000 users or less in Local Tier 1 solution model (1Gb – iSCSI) 12 x NL SAS drives Hard Drives 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 CONTROL MODULE 12 MANAGEMENT ETHERNET 0 ETHERNET 1 PWR SERIAL PORT ERR ACT STANDBY ON/OFF CONTROL MODULE 12 MANAGEMENT ETHERNET 0 ETHERNET 1 PWR SERIAL PORT ERR ACT STANDBY ON/OFF 1Gb Ethernet ports 40 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Mgmt ports 3.3.2.2 PS4110E Model EqualLogic PS4110E Features 41 12 drive bays (NL-SAS/ 7200 RPM) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 10Gb Options 12TB – 12 x 1TB HDDs 24TB – 12 x 2TB HDDs 36TB – 12 x 3TB HDDs Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Tier 2 array for 1000 users or less in Shared Tier 1 solution model (10Gb – iSCSI) 3.3.2.3 PS6100E Model EqualLogic PS6100E Features 42 24 drive bays (NL-SAS/ 7200 RPM) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 1Gb 4U chassis Options Uses 24TB – 24 x 1TB HDDs 48TB – 24 x 2TB HDDs Tier 2 array for up to 1500 users, per array, in local Tier 1 solution model (1Gb) 72TB – 24 x 3TB HDDs 96TB – 24 x 4TB HDDs Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.3.2.4 PS6210E Model EqualLogic PS6210E Features 24 drive bays (NL-SAS/ 7200 RPM) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 10Gb 4U chassis Options Uses 24TB – 24 x 1TB HDDs 48TB – 24 x 2TB HDDs Tier 2 array for up to 1500 users, per array, in shared Tier 1 solution model (10Gb) 72TB – 24 x 3TB HDDs 96TB – 24 x 4TB HDDs 24 x 7.2K NL-SAS drives 10Gb Ethernet ports 43 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Mgmt ports 3.3.2.5 PS6500E Model EqualLogic PS6500E Features 44 48 drive SATA (NL-SAS) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 1Gb Options 48TB – 48 x 1TB HDDs 96TB – 48 x 2TB HDDs 144TB – 48 x 3TB HDDs Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Tier 2 array for Local Tier 1 solution model (1Gb – iSCSI) 3.3.2.6 PS6510E Model EqualLogic PS6510E Features 45 48 drive SATA (NL-SAS) Dual HA controllers Snaps/clones Asynchronous replication SAN HQ 10Gb Options 48TB – 48 x 1TB HDDs 96TB – 48 x 2TB HDDs 144TB – 48 x 3TB HDDs Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Tier 2 array for Shared Tier 1 solution model (10Gb – iSCSI) 3.3.2.7 EqualLogic configuration Each tier of EqualLogic storage is to be managed as a separate pool or group to isolate specific workloads. Manage shared Tier 1 arrays used for hosting VDI sessions together, while managing shared Tier 2 arrays used for hosting Management server role VMs and user data together. 3.3.3 Compellent storage (FC) Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering recommends that all Compellent storage arrays be implemented using 2 controllers in an HA cluster. Fibre Channel is the preferred storage protocol for use with this array, but Compellent is fully capable of supporting iSCSI as well. Key Storage Center applications used strategically to provide increased performance include: 3.3.3.1 Fast Track – Dynamic placement of most frequently accessed data blocks on the faster outer tracks of each spinning disk. Lesser active data blocks remain on the inner tracks. Fast track is wellcomplimented when used in conjunction with Thin Provisioning. Data Instant Replay – Provides continuous data protection using snapshots called Replays. Once the base of a volume has been captured, only incremental changes are then captured going forward. This allows for a high number of Replays to be scheduled over short intervals, if desired, to provide maximum protection. Compellent Tier 1 Compellent Tier 1 storage consists of a standard dual controller configuration and scales upward by adding disks/shelves and additional discrete arrays. A single pair of SC8000 controllers will support Tier 1 and Tier 2 for 2000 knowledge worker users, as depicted below, utilizing all 15K SAS disks. If Tier 2 is to be separated then an additional 30% of users can be added per Tier 1 array. Scaling above this number, additional arrays will need to be implemented. Additional capacity and performance capability is achieved by adding larger disks or shelves, as appropriate, up to the controller’s performance limits. Each disk shelf 46 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 requires 1 hot spare per disk type. RAID is virtualized across all disks in an array (RAID10 or RAID6). Please refer to the test methodology and results for specific workload characteristics. SSDs can be added for use in scenarios where boot storms or provisioning speeds are an issue. Controller Back-End IO Disk Shelf Disks SCOS (min) 2 x quad-port SAS cards (per controller) 2.5” SAS shelf (24 disks each) 2.5” 300GB 15K SAS (~206 IOPS each) 6.3 Controller Pairs Disk Shelves 15K SAS Disks RAW Capacity Use 500 1 1 22 7TB T1 + T2 1000 1 2 48 15TB T1 + T2 2000 1 4 96 29TB T1 + T2 2 x SC8000 (16GB) Front-End IO 2 x dual-port 8Gb FC cards (per controller) Tier 1 scaling guidance: Users Figure 1 47 Example of a 1000 user Tier 1 array Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.3.3.2 Compellent Tier 2 Compellent Tier 2 storage is completely optional if a customer wishes to deploy discrete arrays for each tier. The guidance below is provided for informational purposes and arrays built for this purpose will need to be custom. The optional Compellent Tier 2 array consists of a standard dual controller configuration and scales upward by adding disks and shelves. A single pair of SC8000 controllers should be able to support Tier 2 for 10,000 basic users. Additional capacity and performance capability is achieved by adding disks and shelves, as appropriate. Each disk shelf requires 1 hot spare per disk type. When designing for Tier 2, capacity requirements will drive higher overall array performance capabilities due to the amount of disk that will be on hand. Our base Tier 2 sizing guidance is based on 1 IOPS and 5GB per user. Controller 2 x SC8000 (16GB) Front-End IO 2 x dual-port 8Gb FC cards (per controller) Back-End IO 2 x quad-port SAS cards (per controller) Disk Shelf 2.5” SAS shelf (24 disks each) Disks 2.5” 1TB NL SAS (~76 IOPS each) Sample Tier 2 scaling guidance: Users Controller Pairs Disk Shelves Disks RAW Capacity 500 1 1 7 7TB 1000 1 1 14 14TB 5000 1 3 66 66TB 10,000 1 6 132 132TB Figure 2 48 Example of a 1000 user Tier 2 array. Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.3.4 NAS 3.3.4.1 FS7600 Model EqualLogic FS7600 Features 3.3.4.2 Model Each controller can support 1500 concurrent users Up to 6000 total users in a 2 system NAS cluster Features Scale out NAS for Local Tier 1 to provide file share HA Scaling Dual active-active controllers 24GB cache per controller (cache mirroring) SMB & NFS support AD-integration Up to 4 FS8600 systems in a NAS cluster (8 controllers) Fibre Channel only Uses Each controller can support 1500 concurrent users Up to 12,000 total users in a 4 system NAS cluster Scale out NAS for Shared Tier 1 on Compellent, to provide file share HA (FC Only) PowerVault NX3300 NAS Model PowerVault NX3300 49 Dual active-active controllers 24GB cache per controller (cache mirroring) SMB & NFS support AD-integration Up to 2 FS7600 systems in a NAS cluster (4 controllers) 1Gb iSCSI via 16 x Ethernet ports Uses FS8600 Compellent FS8600 3.3.4.3 Scaling Features Cluster-ready NAS built on Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition Options 1 or 2 CPUs 1Gb and 10Gb NICs (configurable) Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Uses Scale out NAS for Shared Tier 1 on EqualLogic or Compellent, to provide file share HA (iSCSI). 3.4 Dell Wyse Cloud Clients The following Dell Wyse Cloud Clients are the recommended choices for this solution. 3.4.1 Dell Wyse P25 Uncompromising computing with the benefits of secure, centralized management. The Dell Wyse P25 PCoIP zero client for VMware View is a secure, easily managed zero client that provides outstanding graphics performance for advanced applications such as CAD, 3D solids modeling, video editing and advanced worker-level office productivity applications. Smaller than a typical notebook, this dedicated zero client is designed specifically for VMware View. It features the latest processor technology from Teradici to process the PCoIP protocol in silicon and includes client-side content caching to deliver the highest level of performance available over 2 HD displays in an extremely compact, energy-efficient form factor. The Dell Wyse P25 delivers a rich user experience while resolving the challenges of provisioning, managing, maintaining and securing enterprise desktops. 3.4.2 Dell Wyse D10DP The Dell Wyse D10DP is a high-performance and secure ThinOS 8 thin client that is absolutely virus and malware immune. Combining the performance of a dual core AMD GSeries APU with an integrated graphics engine and ThinOS, the D10DP offers exceptional thin client PCoIP processing performance for VMware Horizon View environments that handles demanding multimedia apps with ease and delivers brilliant graphics. Powerful, compact and extremely energy efficient, the D10DP is a great VDI end point for organizations that need high-end performance but face potential budget limitations. 3.4.3 Dell Wyse P45 Uncompromising computing with the benefits of secure, centralized management. The Dell Wyse P45 PCoIP zero client for VMware View is a secure, easily managed zero client that provides outstanding graphics performance for advanced applications such as CAD, 3D solids modeling, video editing and advanced worker-level office productivity applications. About the size of a notebook, this dedicated zero client designed specifically for VMware View. It features the latest processor technology from Teradici to process the PCoIP protocol in silicon and includes client-side content caching to deliver the highest level of display performance available over 4 HD displays in a compact, energy-efficient form factor. The Dell Wyse P45 delivers a rich user experience while resolving the challenges of provisioning, managing, maintaining and securing enterprise desktops. 50 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 3.4.4 Dell Wyse Z50D Designed for power users, the Dell Wyse X50D is the highest performing thin client on the market. Highly secure and ultra-powerful, the X50D combines Dell Wyse-enhanced SUSE Linux Enterprise with dual-core AMD 1.65 GHz processor and a revolutionary unified engine for an unprecedented user experience. The Z50D eliminates performance constraints for high-end, processing-intensive applications like computer-aided design, multimedia, HD video and 3D modelling. 3.4.5 Dell Wyse Z90D This is super high performance Windows Embedded Standard 7 thin client for virtual desktop environments. Featuring a dual core AMD processor and a revolutionary unified engine that eliminates performance constraints, the Z90D7 achieves incredible speed and power for the most demanding embedded windows applications, rich graphics and HD video. With touch screen capable displays, the Z90D7 adds the ease of an intuitive multi touch user experience and is an ideal thin client for the most demanding virtual desktop workload applications. 3.4.6 Dell Wyse Z90Q8 The Dell Wyse Z class is for users that demand more from their virtual desktop environments, yet still need the security and management benefits of cloud clients. Featuring a quad core AMD G-Series APUs, the Z class offers uncompromising performance with fast, flexible user connectivity and outstanding energy-efficiency. The most demanding users in virtually any VDI environment will appreciate the Z class power for challenging Windows® virtual desktop and cloud applications, rich content creation and consumption, HD video, unified communications and 3D graphics. The Z class is available as a thin client with Windows® 8 Embedded Standard operating systems. 3.4.7 Dell Chromebook 11 With its slim design and high performance, the Dell Chromebook 11 features a 4th Generation Intel Celeron 2955U processor, 11.6-inch screen, up to 10-hours of battery life and 16GB embedded Solid State Drive which allow it to book in seconds. The Dell Chromebook 11 is available in two models with either 2GB or 4GB of internal DDR3 RAM. This provides options for the education ecosystem, allowing students, teachers and administrators to access, create and collaborate throughout the day at a price point that makes widespread student computing initiatives affordable. The Dell Chromebook 11 features an 11.6-inch, edge-to-edge glass screen that produces exceptional viewing clarity at a maximum resolution of 1366x768 and is powered by Intel HD Graphics. The high-performing display coupled with a front-facing 720p webcam creates exciting opportunities for collaborative learning. The Dell Chromebook 11 is less than one inch in height and starts at 2.9lbs, making it highly portable. With two USB 3.0 ports, Bluetooth 4.0 and an HDMI port, end users have endless possibilities for collaborating, 51 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 creating, consuming and displaying content. With battery life of up to 10-hours, the Chromebook is capable of powering end users throughout the day. Finally with a fully compliant HTML5 browser, the Dell Chromebook11 is an excellent choice as an endpoint to a HTML5/BLAST connect Horizon View VDI desktop. 52 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 4 Software components 4.1 What's new in this release of Horizon View 6.0? This new release of VMware Horizon View delivers following important new features and enhancements: RemoteApp – RemoteApp enables administrators to make programs that are accessed remotely through a Remote Desktop Session (RDS) server appear as if they are running on the client computer versus a remote desktop. Virtual SAN – Horizon 6 with VMware Virtual SAN™ is a new storage technology that automates storage provisioning and pools together with server-attached flash drives and hard disks and virtualizes them into reliable storage. Built into the vSphere platform, the technology offers greater performance while simplifying storage management. Virtual SAN eliminates the need to overprovision storage to ensure that end users have enough IOPS per desktop. Cloud pod architecture – The cloud pod architecture allows organizations to dynamically move and locate View pods across multiple data centers for efficient management of end users across distributed locations. vDGA and vSGA 3D graphics enhancements – 3D graphics capabilities are enhanced to augment a graphically rich user experience. Using Virtual Dedicated Graphics Acceleration (vDGA), a single virtual machine is mapped to one physical graphics processing unit (GPU) in the ESXi host, providing high-end, hardware-accelerated workstation graphics. Using Virtual Shared Graphics Acceleration (vSGA), multiple virtual machines leverage physical GPUs that are installed locally in ESXi hosts, providing hardware accelerated 3D graphics to multiple virtual desktops. Unity Touch enhancements – Enhancements to VMware Unity Touch technology make it easier to connect to View Connection Server or a View security server, log in to remote desktops in the data center, and edit the list of connected servers. Unity Touch for VMware Horizon Client makes it easier to run Windows apps on iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Additional OS support – View Connection Server, security server, and View Composer are supported on Windows Server 2012 R2 operating systems. Horizon View logs – Ability to send Horizon View logs to a Syslog server such as VMware vCenter Log Insight. Horizon View Agent – The Remote Experience Agent is now integrated with View Agent. Previously, you had to install View Agent and the Remote Experience Agent to use features such as HTML Access, Unity Touch, Real-Time Audio-Video, and Windows 7 Multimedia Redirection. In this release these features are available by installing just the View Agent. 53 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 4.2 VMware Horizon View The solution is based on VMware Horizon View which provides a complete end-to-end solution delivering Microsoft Windows virtual desktops to users on a wide variety of endpoint devices. Virtual desktops are dynamically assembled on demand, providing users with pristine, yet personalized, desktops each time they log on. VMware Horizon View provides a complete virtual desktop delivery system by integrating several distributed components with advanced configuration tools that simplify the creation and real-time management of the virtual desktop infrastructure. For the complete set of details, please see the Horizon View resources page at http://www.vmware.com/products/horizon-view/resources.html The core Horizon View components include: View Connection Server (VCS) – Installed on servers in the data center and brokers client connections, The VCS authenticates users, entitles users by mapping them to desktops and/or pools, establishes secure connections from clients to desktops, support single sign-on, sets and applies policies, acts as a DMZ security server for outside corporate firewall connections and more. View Client – Installed on endpoints. Is software for creating connections to View desktops that can be run from tablets, Windows, Linux, or Mac PCs or laptops, thin clients and other devices. View Portal – A web portal to access links for downloading full View clients. With HTML Access Feature enabled enablement for running a View desktop inside a supported browser is enabled. View Agent – Installed on all VMs, physical machines and Terminal Service servers that are used as a source for View desktops. On VMs the agent is used to communicate with the View client to provide services such as USB redirection, printer support and more. View Administrator – A web portal that provides admin functions such as deploy and management of View desktops and pools, set and control user authentication and more. View Composer – This software service can be installed standalone or on the vCenter server and provides enablement to deploy and create linked clone desktop pools (also called non-persistent desktops). vCenter Server – This is a server that provides centralized management and configuration to entire virtual desktop and host infrastructure. It facilitates configuration, provision, management services. It is installed on a Windows Server 2008 host (can be a VM). View Transfer Server – Manages data transfers between the data center and the View desktops that are checked out on the end users’ desktops in offline mode. This Server is required to support desktops that run the View client with Local Mode options. Replications and syncing are the functions it will perform with offline images. 54 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 4.3 VDI hypervisor platform 4.3.1 VMware vSphere 5 VMware vSphere 5 (currently vSphere 5.5 U2) is a virtualization platform used for building VDI and cloud infrastructures. vSphere 5 represents a migration from the ESX architecture to the ESXi architecture. VMware vSphere 5 includes three major layers: Virtualization, Management and Interface. The Virtualization layer includes infrastructure and application services. The Management layer is central for configuring, provisioning and managing virtualized environments. The Interface layer includes the vSphere client and the vSphere web client. Throughout the Dell Wyse Datacenter solution, all VMware best practices and prerequisites are adhered to (NTP, DNS, Active Directory, etc.). The vCenter 5 VM used in the solution will be a single Windows Server 2012 R2 VM (Check for current Windows Server OS compatibility at: http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility ), residing on a host in the management tier. SQL server is a core component of vCenter and will be hosted on another VM also residing in the management tier. All additional Horizon View components need to be installed in a distributed architecture, 1 role per VM. For more information on VMware vSphere, visit http://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere 55 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5 Solution architecture 5.1 Compute server infrastructure 5.1.1 Local Tier 1 – Rack In the Local Tier 1 model, VDI sessions execute on local storage on each Compute server. Due to the local disk requirement in the Compute layer, this model supports rack servers only. vSphere is used as the solution hypervisor. In this model, only the Management server hosts access iSCSI storage to support the solution’s Management role VMs. Because of this, the Compute and Management servers are configured with different add-on NICs to support their pertinent network fabric connection requirements. Refer to section 2.4.3.2 for cabling implications. The Management server host has reduced RAM and CPU and does not require local disk space to host the management VMs. Local Tier 1 Compute Host PowerEdge R730 Local Tier 1 Management Host PowerEdge R730 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2697v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2660v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 384GB Memory (24 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) 256GB Memory (16 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD 10 x 300GB SAS 6Gbps 15k Disks (VDI) 5.1.2 PERC H730 Integrated RAID Controller – RAID10 Broadcom 5720 1Gb QP NDC (LAN) Broadcom 57810 10Gb DP (iSCSI) Broadcom 57800 10Gb QP (LAN/iSCSI) Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) iDRAC8 Enterprise iDRAC8 Enterprise 2 x 750W PSUs 2 x 750W PSUs Shared Tier 1 – Rack In the Shared Tier 1 model, VDI sessions execute on shared storage so there is no need for local disk on each server to host VMs. To provide server-level network redundancy using the fewest physical NICs possible, both the Compute and Management servers use a split QP NDC: 2 x 10Gb ports for iSCSI, 2 x 1Gb ports for LAN. 2 additional DP NICs (2 x 1Gb + 2 x 10Gb) provide slot and connection redundancy for both network fabrics. All configuration options are identical except for CPU and RAM which are reduced on the Management host. 56 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.1.2.1 iSCSI Shared Tier 1 Compute Host PowerEdge R730 5.1.2.2 Shared Tier 1 Management Host PowerEdge R730 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2697v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2660v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 384GB Memory (24 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) 256GB Memory (16 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD Broadcom 57810 10Gb DP (iSCSI) Broadcom 57810 10Gb DP (iSCSI) Broadcom 57800 10Gb QP (LAN/iSCSI) Broadcom 57800 10Gb QP (LAN/iSCSI) Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) iDRAC8 Enterprise iDRAC8 Enterprise 2 x 750W PSUs 2 x 750W PSUs Fibre Channel Shared Tier 1 Compute Host PowerEdge R730 Shared Tier 1 Management Host PowerEdge R730 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2697v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2660v3 Processor (2.6Ghz) 384GB Memory (24 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) 256GB Memory (16 x 16GB RDIMMs, 2133MT/s) VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD VMware vSphere on internal 8GB Dual SD 1 x Broadcom 5720 1Gb QP NDC (LAN) 1 x Broadcom 5720 1Gb QP NDC (LAN) 1 x Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) 1 x Broadcom 5720 1Gb DP NIC (LAN) 2 x QLogic 2562 8Gb DP FC HBA 2 x QLogic 2562 8Gb DP FC HBA iDRAC8 Enterprise iDRAC8 Enterprise 2 x 750W PSUs 2 x 750W PSUs In the above configurations, the R730-based Dell Wyse Datacenter Solution can support the following user counts per server: Local / Shared Tier 1 – Rack – User Densities Workload Win 7 Win 8 Win 8.1 Standard 185* 140* 180 Enhanced 130* 112* 120 Professional 115* 90* 90 (*) Values based on R720 density testing. All others based on R730 density testing. 5.1.3 Shared Tier 1 – Blade The Dell M1000e Blade Chassis combined with the M620 blade server is the platform of choice for a highdensity data center configuration. The M620 is a feature-rich, dual-processor, half-height blade server which offers a blend of density, performance, efficiency and scalability. The M620 offers remarkable computational density, scaling up to 16 cores, 2 socket Intel Xeon processors and 24 DIMMs (768GB RAM) of DDR3 memory in an extremely compact half-height blade form factor. 57 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.1.3.1 iSCSI Shared Tier 1 Compute Host PowerEdge M620 5.1.3.2 Shared Tier 1 Management Host PowerEdge M620 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2690v2 Processor (3Ghz) 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2670v2 Processor (2.5Ghz) 256GB Memory (16 x 16GB DIMMs @ 1600Mhz) 96GB Memory (6 x 16GB DIMMs @ 1600Mhz) VMware vSphere on 2 x 1GB internal SD VMware vSphere on 2 x 1GB internal SD Broadcom 57810-k 10Gb DP KR NDC (iSCSI) Broadcom 57810-k 10Gb DP KR NDC (iSCSI) 1 x Intel i350 1Gb QP SERDES mezzanine (LAN) 1 x Intel i350 1Gb QP SERDES mezzanine (LAN) iDRAC7 Enterprise w/ vFlash, 8GB SD iDRAC7 Enterprise w/ vFlash, 8GB SD Fibre Channel Fibre Channel can be optionally leveraged as the block storage protocol for Compute and Management hosts with Compellent Tier 1 and Tier 2 storage. Aside from the use of FC HBAs to replace the 10Gb NICs used for iSCSI, the rest of the server configurations are the same. Please note that FC is only currently supported using vSphere. Shared Tier 1 Compute Host PowerEdge M620 Shared Tier 1 Management Host PowerEdge M620 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2690v2 Processor (3Ghz) 2 x Intel Xeon E5-2670v2 Processor (2.5Ghz) 256GB Memory (16 x 16GB DIMMs @ 1600Mhz) 96GB Memory (6 x 16GB DIMMs @ 1600Mhz) VMware vSphere on 2 x 1GB internal SD VMware vSphere on 2 x 1GB internal SD Broadcom 57810-k 10Gb DP KR NDC (LAN) Broadcom 57810-k 10Gb DP KR NDC (LAN) 1 x QLogic QME2572 8Gb FC mezzanine (FC) 1 x QLogic QME2572 8Gb FC mezzanine (FC) iDRAC7 Enterprise w/ vFlash, 8GB SD iDRAC7 Enterprise w/ vFlash, 8GB SD In the above configuration, the M620-based Dell Wyse Datacenter Solutions can support the following single server user densities: Shared Tier 1 – Blade – User Densities Workload Win 7 Win 8 Win 8.1 Standard 185 140 150 Enhanced 130 112 105 Professional 115 90 93 Note: All values based on M620 density testing. 5.2 Management server infrastructure The Management role requirements for the base solution are summarized below. Use data disks for rolespecific application files and data, logs, IIS web files, etc. in the Management volume. Present Tier 2 volumes with a special purpose (called out above) in the format specified below: 58 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 vCPU RAM (GB) NIC OS + Data vDisk (GB) Tier 2 Volume (GB) VMware vCenter 2 8 1 40 + 5 100 (VMDK) View Connection Server 2 8 1 40 – 5 - SQL Server 5 8 1 40 + 5 210 (VMDK) Role 5.2.1 File Server 1 4 1 40 + 5 2048 (RDM) Total 7 28 4 180 2358 SQL databases The VMware databases will be hosted by a single dedicated SQL 2012 SP1 Server VM (check DB compatibility at: http://partnerweb.vmware.com/comp_guide2/sim/interop_matrix.php? ) in the Management layer. Use caution during database setup to ensure that SQL data, logs and TempDB are properly separated onto their respective volumes. Create all Databases that will be required for: View Connection Server vCenter Initial placement of all databases into a single SQL instance is fine unless performance becomes an issue, in which case database need to be separated into separate named instances. Enable auto-growth for each DB. Best practices defined by VMware are to be adhered to, to ensure optimal database performance. The EqualLogic PS series arrays utilize a default RAID stripe size of 64K. To provide optimal performance, configure disk partitions to begin from a sector boundary divisible by 64K. Align all disks to be used by SQL Server with a 1024K offset and then formatted with a 64K file allocation unit size (data, logs and TempDB). 5.2.2 DNS DNS plays a crucial role in the environment not only as the basis for Active Directory but will be used to control access to the various VMware software components. All hosts, VMs and consumable software components need to have a presence in DNS, preferably via a dynamic and AD-integrated namespace. Microsoft best practices and organizational requirements are to be adhered to. Pay consideration for eventual scaling, access to components that may live on one or more servers (SQL databases, VMware services) during the initial deployment. Use CNAMEs and the round robin DNS mechanism to provide a front-end “mask” to the back-end server actually hosting the service or data source. 5.2.2.1 DNS for SQL To access the SQL data sources, either directly or via ODBC, a connection to the server name\ instance name must be used. To simplify this process, as well as protect for future scaling (HA), instead of connecting to server names directly, alias these connections in the form of DNS CNAMEs. So instead of 59 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 connecting to SQLServer1\<instance name> for every device that needs access to SQL, the preferred approach would be to connect to <CNAME>\<instance name>. For example, the CNAME “VDISQL” is created to point to SQLServer1. If a failure scenario was to occur and SQLServer2 would need to start serving data, we would simply change the CNAME in DNS to point to SQLServer2. No infrastructure SQL client connections would need to be touched. 5.3 Scaling guidance Each component of the solution architecture scales independently according to the desired number of supported users. Using the new Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs, rack and blade servers now scale equally from a compute perspective. The components can be scaled either horizontally (by adding additional physical and virtual servers to the server pools) or vertically (by adding virtual resources to the infrastructure) Eliminate bandwidth and performance bottlenecks as much as possible Allow future horizontal and vertical scaling with the objective of reducing the future cost of ownership of the infrastructure. Component 60 Metric Horizontal Scalability Vertical Scalability Virtual Desktop Host/Compute Servers VMs per physical host Additional hosts and clusters added as necessary Additional RAM or CPU compute power View Composer Desktops per instance Additional physical servers added to the Management cluster to deal with additional management VMs. Additional RAM or CPU compute power View Connection Servers Desktops per instance Additional physical servers added to the Management cluster to deal with additional management VMs. Additional VCS Management VMs. VMware vCenter VMs per physical host and/or ESX hosts per vCenter instance Deploy additional servers and use linked mode to optimize management Additional vCenter Management VMs. Database Services Concurrent connections, responsiveness of reads/ writes Migrate databases to a dedicated SQL server and increase the number of management nodes Additional RAM and CPU for the management nodes Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 File Services Concurrent connections, responsiveness of reads/ writes Split user profiles and home directories between multiple file servers in the cluster. File services can also be migrated to the optional NAS device to provide high availability. Additional RAM and CPU for the management nodes The following tables indicate the server platform, desktop OS, hypervisor and delivery mechanism 5.3.1 Windows 7 – vSphere Rack or Blade, Win7, vSphere Standard User Count Enhanced User Count Professional User Count Physical Mgmt. Servers Physical Host Servers 185 130 115 1 500 390 345 1 1000 780 690 2 2000 1430 1265 2 3000 2210 1955 2 4000 2860 2530 3 5000 3640 3220 3 6000 4290 3795 4 7000 4940 4370 4 8000 5720 5060 4 9000 6370 5635 4 10,000 7150 6325 4 Note: All values based on R720 and M620 density testing. 61 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 1 3 6 11 17 22 28 33 38 44 49 55 M1000e Blade Chassis View Conn. Servers Virtual vCenter Server 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5.3.2 Windows 8 – vSphere Rack or Blade, Win8, vSphere Standard User Count Enhanced User Count Professional User Count Physical Mgmt. Servers Physical Host Servers 140 112 90 1 500 448 360 1 1000 896 720 2 2000 1680 1350 2 3000 2464 1980 2 4000 3248 2610 3 5000 4032 3240 3 6000 4816 3870 4 7000 5600 4500 4 8000 6496 5220 4 9000 7280 5850 4 10,000 8064 6480 4 Note: All values based on R720 and M620 density testing. 62 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 1 4 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 58 65 72 M1000e Blade Chassis View Conn. Servers Virtual vCenter Server 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5.3.3 Windows 8.1 – vSphere Rack or Blade, Win8.1, vSphere Standard User Count Enhanced User Count Professional User Count Physical Mgmt. Servers Physical Host Servers M1000e Blade Chassis View Conn. Servers 180* 120* 90* 1 1 1 1 500 420 372 1 4 1 1 1000 735 651 2 7 1 1 2000 1470 1302 2 14 1 1 3000 2100 1860 2 20 2 2 4000 2835 2511 3 27 2 2 5000 3570 3162 3 34 3 3 6000 4200 3720 4 40 3 3 7000 4935 4371 4 47 4 4 8000 5670 5022 4 54 4 4 9000 6300 5580 4 60 4 5 10,000 7035 6231 4 67 5 5 (*) Values based on R730 density testing. All others based on R720 and M620 density testing. 5.3.4 Virtual vCenter Server 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Windows 2008R2 – vSphere Rack or Blade, Win2008R2, vSphere Standard User Count Enhanced User Count Professional User Count Physical Mgmt. Servers Physical Host Servers 213 150 132 1 500 450 396 1 1000 750 660 2 2000 1500 1320 2 3000 2250 1980 2 4000 2850 2508 3 5000 3600 3168 3 6000 4350 3828 4 7000 4950 4356 4 8000 5700 5016 4 9000 6450 5676 4 10000 7050 6204 4 Note: All values based on R720 and M620 density testing. 63 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 1 3 5 10 15 19 24 29 33 38 43 47 M1000e Blade Chassis View Conn. Servers Virtual vCenter Server 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5.4 Storage architecture overview The Dell Wyse Datacenter solution has a wide variety of tier 1 and tier 2 storage options to provide maximum flexibility to suit any use case. Customers have the choice to leverage best-of-breed iSCSI solutions from EqualLogic or Fibre Channel solutions from Dell Compellent while being assured the storage tiers of the Dell Wyse Datacenter solution will consistently meet or outperform user needs and expectations. 5.4.1 Local Tier 1 storage Choosing the local tier 1 storage option means that the virtualization host servers use ten (10) locally installed hard drives to house the user desktop VMs. In this model, tier 1 storage exists as local hard disks on the Compute hosts themselves. To achieve the required performance level, RAID 10 is recommended for use across all local disks. A single volume per local tier 1 Compute host is sufficient to host the provisioned desktop VMs along with their respective write caches. 5.4.2 Shared Tier 1 storage Choosing the shared tier 1 option means that the virtualization compute hosts are deployed in a diskless mode and all leverage shared storage hosted on a high performance Dell storage array. In this model, shared storage will be leveraged for tier 1 used for VDI execution and write cache. Based on the heavy performance requirements of tier 1 VDI execution, it is recommended to use separate arrays for tier 1 and tier 2 above 500 users for EqualLogic and above 1000 users for Compellent. It is recommended using 500GB LUNs for VDI and running 125 VMs per volume to minimize disk contention. Sizing to 1000 basic users, for example, we will require 8 x 500GB volumes per array. A VMware Horizon View replica to support a 1 to 500 desktop VM ratio should be located in a dedicated Replicas volume. 64 Volumes Size (GB) Storage Array Purpose File System VDI-BaseImages 100 GB Tier 1 Storage for Base image for VDI deployment VMFS VDI-Replicas 100 GB Tier 1 Storage for Replica images created by Horizon View VMFS VDI-Images1 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS VDI-Images2 500 GB Tier 1 VDI-Images3 500 GB Tier 1 VDI-Images4 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS VDI-Images5 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS VDI-Images6 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS VDI-Images7 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 VMFS VMFS VDI-Images8 500 GB Tier 1 125 VMs-Storage for VDI Virtual Machines in Horizon View Cluster VMFS For Shared Storage use on Compellent storage it is assumed that all pre-work for the setup of a properly tiered architecture has been done to ensure proper data progression and optimal performance. General guidance for configuration is as follows: 5.4.3 Replica (read only data) – SSD User non-persistent - 15K User Persistent - Data progression 15K --> 7K Infrastructure volumes - Data progression "All tiers" (or) 15K --> 7K Shared Tier 2 storage Tier 2 is shared iSCSI or FC storage used to host the Management server VMs and user data. EqualLogic PS4100E series 1Gb arrays can be used for smaller scale deployments (Local Tier 1 only), the PS62x0XS or PS65x0XS series for larger deployments (up to 16 in a group), or a single CML array scaled up to 10K users. The 10Gb iSCSI variants are intended for use in Shared Tier 1 solutions. The Compellent Tier 2 array, as specified in section 3.3.2 scales simply by adding disks. The table below outlines the volume requirements for Tier 2. Larger disk sizes can be chosen to meet the capacity needs of the customer. The user data can be presented either via a file server VM using RDM for small scale deployments or via NAS for large scale or HA deployments. The solution as designed presents all SQL disks using VMDK formats. RAID 50 can be used in smaller deployments but is not recommended for critical environments. The recommendation for larger scale and mission critical deployments with higher performance requirements is to use RAID 10 or RAID 6 to maximize performance and recoverability. The following depicts the component volumes required to support a 500 user environment. Additional Management volumes can be created as needed along with size adjustments as applicable for user data and profiles. 5.4.4 Volumes Size (GB) Storage Array Purpose File System Management 350 Tier 2 vCenter, View Connection Server, File and SQL VMFS User Data 2048 Tier 2 File Server/ NAS RDM/NTFS User Profiles 20 Tier 2 User profiles VMFS SQL DATA 100 Tier 2 SQL VMFS SQL LOGS 100 Tier 2 SQL VMFS TempDB Data 5 Tier 2 SQL VMFS TempDB Logs 5 Tier 2 SQL VMFS SQL Witness 1 Tier 2 SQL (optional) VMFS Templates/ ISO 200 Tier 2 ISO storage (optional) VMFS Storage networking – EqualLogic iSCSI Dell’s iSCSI technology provides compelling price/performance in a simplified architecture while improving manageability in virtualized environments. Specifically, iSCSI offers virtualized environments 65 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 simplified deployment, comprehensive storage management and data protection functionality and seamless VM mobility. Dell iSCSI solutions give customers the “Storage Direct” advantage – the ability to seamlessly integrate virtualization into an overall, optimized storage environment. If iSCSI is the selected block storage protocol, then the Dell EqualLogic MPIO plugin is installed on all hosts that connect to iSCSI storage. This module is added via a command line using a Virtual Management Appliance (vMA) from VMware. This plugin allows for easy configuration of iSCSI on each host. The MPIO plugin allows the creation of new or access to existing data stores and handle IO load balancing. The plugin will also configure the optimal multi-path settings for the data stores as well. Some key settings to be used as part of the configuration: 66 Specify 2 IP Addresses for iSCSI on each host Specify NICs Specify Jumbo Frames at 9000 MTU Initialize iSCSI initiator Specify IP for the EqualLogic Storage group Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.4.5 Storage networking – Compellent Fibre Channel Based on Fluid Data architecture, the Dell Compellent Storage Center SAN provides built-in intelligence and automation to dynamically manage enterprise data throughout its lifecycle. Together, block-level Compute & intelligence, storage virtualization, integrated software and Mgmt hosts modular, platform-independent hardware enable exceptional efficiency, simplicity and security. Storage Center actively manages data at a block level using realtime intelligence, providing fully virtualized storage at the disk level. Resources are pooled across the entire storage array. All virtual volumes are thin-provisioned and with sub-LUN tiers, data is automatically moved between tiers and RAID levels based on actual use. HBA A HBA B FC switch A FC switch B A Fabric B Fabric If Fibre Channel is the selected block storage protocol, then the Compellent Storage Center Integrations for VMware vSphere SAN client plug-in is installed on all hosts. This plugin enables all newly created data stores to be automatically aligned at the recommended 4MB offset. Although a single fabric can be configured to begin with to reduce costs, as a best practice recommendation, the environment needs to be configured with 2 fabrics to provide multipath and end-to-end redundancy. Using QLogic HBAs the following BIOS settings were used: 5.4.5.1 Set the “connection options” field to 1 for point to point only Set the “login retry count” field to 60 attempts Set the “port down retry” count field to 60 attempts Set the “link down timeout” field to 30 seconds Set the “queue depth” (or “Execution Throttle”) field to 255 This queue depth can be set to 255 because the ESXi VMkernel driver module and DSNRO can more conveniently control the queue depth FC Zoning Zone at least 1 port from each server HBA to communicate with a single Compellent fault domain. The result of this will be 2 distinct FC fabrics and 4 redundant paths per server. Round Robin or Fixed Paths are supported. Leverage Compellent Virtual Ports to minimize port consumption as well as simplify deployment. Zone each controller’s front-end virtual ports, within a fault domain, with at least one ESXi initiator per server. 67 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5 Virtual networking 5.5.1 Local Tier 1 – Rack – iSCSI The network configuration in this model will vary between the Compute and Management hosts. The Compute hosts will not need access to iSCSI storage since they are hosting VDI sessions locally. Since the Management VMs will be hosted on shared storage, they can take advantage of VMware vMotion. The following outlines the VLAN requirements for the Compute and Management hosts in this solution model: Compute hosts (Local Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch o VDI VLAN: Configured for VDI session traffic – L3 routed via core switch Management hosts (Local Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o iSCSI VLAN: Configured for iSCSI traffic – L2 switched only via ToR switch o VDI Management VLAN: Configured for VDI infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch An optional iDRAC VLAN can be configured for all hardware management traffic – L3 routed via core switch Following best practices, LAN and block storage traffic will be separated in solutions >1000 users. This traffic can be combined within a single switch in smaller stacks to minimize buy-in costs. Each Local Tier 1 Compute host will have a quad port NDC as well as a 1Gb dual port NIC. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG. 68 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5.1.1 vSphere Compute Hosts – Local Tier1 R730 ToR 1Gb DP NIC vsw0 Mgmt F10 - LAN 1Gb QP NDC vsw1 LAN The Compute host will require 2 vSwitches, one for VDI LAN traffic and another for the ESXi Management. Configure both vSwitches so that each is physically connected to both the onboard NIC as well as the add-on NIC. Set all NICs and switch ports to auto negotiate. C o m p u te | L o ca l T ie r 1 Stan d ard Sw itch: vSw itch 0 V M kern el P o rt P h ysica l A d a p ters M gm t vm n ic 0 1 0 0 0 Fu ll V m k0 : 10 .20 .1.50 | V LA N ID : 10 vm n ic 4 1 0 0 0 Fu ll Stan d ard Sw itch: vSw itch 1 V irtu a l M a ch in e P o rt G ro u p P h ysica l A d a p ters V D I V LA N vm n ic 1 1 0 0 0 Fu ll X virtu a l m a ch in e(s) | V LA N ID : 5 vm n ic 5 1 0 0 0 Fu ll V D I-1 V D I-2 V D I-3 The Management hosts have a slightly different configuration since they will additionally access iSCSI storage. The add-on NIC for the Management hosts will be a 1Gb quad port NIC. 3 ports of both the NDC and add-on NIC will be used for the required connections. Isolate iSCSI onto its own vSwitch with redundant ports and connections from all 3 vSwitches. Connections should pass through both the NDC and add-on NIC per the diagram below. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG. 69 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Mgmt Hosts – Local Tier1 R730 vsw0 Mgmt/ Migration vsw1 iSCSI vsw2 LAN ToR 1Gb QP NIC F10 - iSCSI 1Gb QP NDC F10 - LAN vSwitch0 carries traffic for both Management and vMotion which needs be VLAN-tagged so that either NIC can serve traffic for either VLAN. The Management VLAN will be L3 routable while the vMotion VLAN will be L2 non-routable. M g m t | L o c a l T ie r 1 S ta n d a rd S w itch: vS w itch 0 V M k e rn e l P o rt P h ysica l A d a p te rs M gm t vm n ic 1 1 0 0 0 F u ll v m k0 : 1 0 .2 0 .1 .5 1 | V LA N ID : 1 0 vm n ic 5 1 0 0 0 F u ll V M k e rn e l P o rt V M o tio n v m k1 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 | V LA N ID : 1 2 S ta n d a rd S w itch: vS w itch 1 V M k e rn e l P o rt P h ysica l A d a p te rs iS C S I0 vm n ic 0 1 0 0 0 0 F u ll v m k2 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 0 | V LA N ID : 1 1 vm n ic 4 1 0 0 0 0 F u ll V M k e rn e l P o rt iS C S I1 v m k3 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 1 | V LA N ID : 1 1 S ta n d a rd S w itch: vS w itch 2 V irtu a l M a ch in e P o rt G ro u p P h ysica l A d a p te rs V D I M g m t V LA N vm n ic 2 1 0 0 0 F u ll X v irtu a l m a ch in e(s) | V LA N ID : 6 vm n ic 6 1 0 0 0 F u ll SQ L vC e n te r F ile 5.5.2 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – iSCSI The network configuration in this model is identical between the Compute and Management hosts. Both need access to iSCSI storage since they are hosting VDI sessions from shared storage and both can leverage vMotion as a result as well. The following outlines the VLAN requirements for the Compute and Management hosts in this solution model: 70 Compute hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o iSCSI VLAN: Configured for iSCSI traffic – L2 switched only via ToR switch o VDI VLAN: Configured for VDI session traffic – L3 routed via core switch Management hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o iSCSI VLAN: Configured for iSCSI traffic – L2 switched only via ToR switch o VDI Management VLAN: Configured for VDI infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch An optional iDRAC VLAN can be configured for all hardware management traffic – L3 routed via core switch Following best practices, iSCSI and LAN traffic will be physically separated into discrete fabrics. Each Shared Tier 1 Compute and Management host will have a quad port NDC (2 x 1Gb + 2 x 10Gb SFP+), a 10Gb dual port NIC, as well as a 1Gb dual port NIC. Isolate iSCSI onto its own vSwitch with redundant ports. Connections from all 3 vSwitches should pass through both the NDC and add-on NICs per the diagram below. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG. 5.5.2.1 vSphere Compute + Mgmt Hosts – Shared Tier 1 – iSCSI R730 vsw 1 iSCSI vsw 2 LAN vsw0 Mgmt/ Migration ToR 10 Gb DP NIC F10 - iSCSI 1Gb DP NIC F10 - LAN 2 x1Gb 2 x 10 Gb QP NDC vSwitch0 carries traffic for both Management and vMotion which needs to be VLAN-tagged so that either NIC can serve traffic for either VLAN. The Management VLAN will be L3 routable while the vMotion VLAN will be L2 non-routable. 71 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 C o m p u te | S h a re d T ie r 1 Stan d ard Sw itch: vSw itch 0 V M kern el P o rt P h ysica l A d a p ters M gm t vm n ic 1 1 0 0 0 Fu ll vm k0 : 10 .20 .1.51 | V LA N ID : 10 vm n ic 5 1 0 0 0 Fu ll V M kern el P o rt V M o tio n vm k1 : 10 .1.1 .1 | V LA N ID : 12 Stan d ard Sw itch: vSw itch 1 V M kern el P o rt P h ysica l A d a p ters iSC SI0 vm n ic0 1 0 0 0 0 Fu ll vm k2 : 10 .1.1 .10 | V LA N ID : 11 vm n ic4 1 0 0 0 0 Fu ll V M kern el P o rt iSC SI1 vm k3 : 10 .1.1 .11 | V LA N ID : 11 Stan d ard Sw itch: vSw itch 2 V irtu a l M a ch in e P o rt G ro u p P h ysica l A d a p ters V D I V LA N vm n ic 2 1 0 0 0 Fu ll X virtu a l m a ch in e(s) | V LA N ID : 6 vm n ic 6 1 0 0 0 Fu ll V D I-1 V D I-2 V D I-3 The Management server is configured identically except for the VDI Management VLAN which is fully routed but should be separated from the VDI VLAN used on the Compute host. Care should be taken to ensure that all vSwitches are assigned redundant NICs that are NOT from the same PCIe device. M g m t | S h a re d T ie r 1 S ta n d a rd S w itch: v S w itch 0 V M k e rn e l P o rt P h y sica l A d a p te rs M gm t v m n ic 1 1 0 0 0 F u ll v m k0 : 1 0 .2 0 .1 .5 1 | V LA N ID : 1 0 v m n ic 5 1 0 0 0 F u ll V M k e rn e l P o rt V M o tio n v m k1 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 | V LA N ID : 1 2 S ta n d a rd S w itch: v S w itch 1 V M k e rn e l P o rt iS C S I0 v m k2 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 0 | V LA N ID : 1 1 P h y sica l A d a p te rs v m n ic 0 1 0 0 0 0 F u ll v m n ic 4 1 0 0 0 0 F u ll V M k e rn e l P o rt iS C S I1 v m k3 : 1 0 .1 .1 .1 1 | V LA N ID : 1 1 S ta n d a rd S w itch: v S w itch 2 V irtu a l M a ch in e P o rt G ro u p v m n ic 2 1 0 0 0 F u ll X v irtu a l m a c h in e (s) | V LA N ID : 6 v m n ic 6 1 0 0 0 F u ll SQ L v C e n te r F ile 72 P h y sica l A d a p te rs VD I M gm t VLAN Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5.3 Shared Tier 1 – Rack – Fibre Channel Using Fibre Channel based storage eliminates the need to build iSCSI into the network stack but requires additional fabrics to be built out. The network configuration in this model is identical between the Compute and Management hosts. Both need access to FC storage since they are hosting VDI sessions from shared storage and both can leverage vMotion as a result as well. The following outlines the VLAN requirements for the Compute and Management hosts in this solution model: Compute hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o VDI VLAN: Configured for VDI session traffic – L3 routed via core switch Management hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o VDI Management VLAN: Configured for VDI infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch An optional iDRAC VLAN can be configured for all hardware management traffic – L3 routed via core switch FC and LAN traffic are physically separated into discrete switching fabrics. Each Shared Tier 1 Compute and Management host will have a quad port NDC (4 x 1Gb), a 1Gb dual port NIC, as well as 2 x 8Gb dual port FC HBAs. Connections from both vSwitches should pass through both the NDC and add-on NICs per the diagram below. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG. 5.5.3.1 vSphere Compute + Mgmt Hosts – Shared Tier 1 – FC R 730 vsw0 Mgmt / migration vsw 1 LAN ToR 1 Gb DP NIC 1 Gb QP NDC F 10 - LAN 8 Gb FC HBA Brocade - FC 8 Gb FC HBA 73 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 vSwitch0 carries traffic for both Management and vMotion which needs to be VLAN-tagged so that either NIC can serve traffic for either VLAN. The Management VLAN will be L3 routable while the vMotion VLAN will be L2 non-routable. Compute | Shared Tier 1 (FC) Standard Switch: vSwitch0 VMkernel Port Physical Adapters Mgmt vmnic2 1000 Full vmk0: 10.20.1.51 | VLAN ID: 10 vmnic3 1000 Full VMkernel Port VMotion vmk1: 10.1.1.1 | VLAN ID: 12 Standard Switch: vSwitch2 Virtual Machine Port Group Physical Adapters VDI VLAN vmnic4 1000 Full X virtual machine(s) | VLAN ID: 6 vmnic5 1000 Full VDI-1 VDI-2 VDI-3 The Management server is configured identically except for the VDI Management VLAN which is fully routed but should be separated from the VDI VLAN used on the Compute host. Mgmt | Shared Tier 1 (FC) Standard Switch: vSwitch0 VMkernel Port Physical Adapters Mgmt vmnic2 1000 Full vmk0: 10.20.1.51 | VLAN ID: 10 vmnic3 1000 Full VMkernel Port VMotion vmk1: 10.1.1.1 | VLAN ID: 12 Standard Switch: vSwitch2 Virtual Machine Port Group Physical Adapters VDI Mgmt VLAN vmnic4 1000 Full X virtual machine(s) | VLAN ID: 6 vmnic5 1000 Full SQL vCenter File 74 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5.4 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – iSCSI The network configuration in this model is identical between the Compute and Management hosts. The following outlines the VLAN requirements for the Compute and Management hosts in this solution model: Compute hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o iSCSI VLAN: Configured for iSCSI traffic – L2 switched only via ToR switch o VDI VLAN: Configured for VDI session traffic – L3 routed via core switch Management hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o iSCSI VLAN: Configured for iSCSI traffic – L2 switched only via ToR switch o VDI Management VLAN: Configured for VDI infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch An optional iDRAC VLAN can be configured for all hardware management traffic – L3 routed via core switch Following best practices, iSCSI and LAN traffic will be physically separated into discrete fabrics. Each Shared Tier 1 Compute and Management blade host will have a 10Gb dual port LOM in the A fabric and a 1Gb quad port NIC in the B fabric. 10Gb iSCSI traffic will flow through A fabric using 2 x IOA blade interconnects. 1Gb LAN traffic will flow through the B fabric using 2 x M6348 blade interconnects. The C fabric will be left open for future expansion. Connections from 10Gb and 1Gb traffic vSwitches should pass through the blade mezzanines and interconnects per the diagram below. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG if possible. 5.5.4.1 75 vSphere Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 vSwitch0 carries traffic for both Management and vMotion which needs to be VLAN-tagged so that either NIC can serve traffic for either VLAN. The Management VLAN will be L3 routable while the vMotion VLAN will be L2 non-routable. The Management server is configured identically except for the VDI Management VLAN which is fully routed but should be separated from the VDI VLAN used on the Compute host. M g m t | S h a re d T ie r 1 Sta n d a rd Sw itch: vSw itch 0 V M k ern el P o rt P h ysica l A d a p ters M gm t vm n ic 2 1 0 0 0 Fu ll v m k0 : 10 .20 .1.51 | V LA N ID : 10 vm n ic 3 1 0 0 0 Fu ll V M k ern el P o rt V M o tio n v m k1 : 10 .1.1 .1 | V LA N ID : 12 Sta n d a rd Sw itch: vSw itch 1 V M k ern el P o rt iSC SI0 v m k2 : 10 .1.1 .10 | V LA N ID : 11 P h ysica l A d a p ters vm n ic 0 1 0 0 0 0 Fu ll vm n ic 1 1 0 0 0 0 Fu ll V M k ern el P o rt iSC SI1 v m k3 : 10 .1.1 .11 | V LA N ID : 11 Sta n d a rd Sw itch: vSw itch 2 V irtu a l M a ch in e P o rt G ro u p P h ysica l A d a p ters V D I M g m t V LA N vm n ic 4 1 0 0 0 Fu ll X v irtu a l m a ch in e(s) | V LA N ID : 6 vm n ic 5 1 0 0 0 Fu ll SQ L vC e n te r File 76 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5.5 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Fibre Channel Using Fibre Channel based storage eliminates the need to build iSCSI into the network stack but requires additional fabrics to be built out. The network configuration in this model is identical between the Compute and Management hosts. The following outlines the VLAN requirements for the Compute and Management hosts in this solution model: Compute hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o VDI VLAN: Configured for VDI session traffic – L3 routed via core switch Management hosts (Shared Tier 1) o Management VLAN: Configured for hypervisor Management traffic – L3 routed via core switch o vMotion VLAN: Configured for vMotion traffic – L2 switched only, trunked from Core o VDI Management VLAN: Configured for VDI infrastructure traffic – L3 routed via core switch An optional DRAC VLAN can be configured for all hardware management traffic – L3 routed via core switch FC and LAN traffic are physically separated into discrete switching fabrics. Each Shared Tier 1 Compute and Management blade will have a 10Gb dual port LOM in the A fabric and an 8Gb dual port HBA in the B fabric. All LAN and management traffic will flow through the A fabric using 2 x IOA blade interconnects partitioned to the connecting blades. 8Gb FC traffic will flow through the B fabric using 2 x M5424 blade interconnects. The C fabric will be left open for future expansion. Connections from the vSwitches and storage fabrics should pass through the blade mezzanines and interconnects per the diagram below. Configure the LAN traffic from the server to the ToR switch as a LAG. 5.5.5.1 77 vSphere Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.5.5.2 Shared Tier 1 – Blade – Network partitioning Network partitioning (NPAR) takes place within the UEFI of the 10GB LOMs of each blade in the A fabric. Partitioning allows a 10Gb NIC to be split into multiple logical NICs that can be assigned differing amounts of bandwidth. 4 partitions are defined per NIC with the amounts specified below. We only require 2 partitions per NIC port so the unused partitions receive a bandwidth of 1. Partitions can be oversubscribed, but not the reverse. We will be partitioning out a total of 4 x 5Gb NICs with the remaining 4 unused. Use care to ensure that each vSwitch receives a NIC from each physical port for redundancy. 5.6 Solution high availability High availability (HA) is offered to protect each layers of the solution architecture, individually if desired. Following the N+1 model, additional ToR switches for LAN, iSCSI, or FC are added to the Network layer and stacked to provide redundancy as required, additional compute and management hosts are added to their respective layers, vSphere clustering is introduced in the management layer, SQL is mirrored or clustered, an F5 device can be leveraged for load balancing and a NAS device can be used to host file shares. Storage protocol switch stacks and NAS selection will vary based on chosen solution architecture. 78 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 The HA options provides redundancy for all critical components in the stack while improving the performance and efficiency of the solution as a whole. 5.6.1 An additional switch is added at the network tier which will be configured with the original as a stack and equally spreading each host’s network connections across both. At the compute tier an additional ESXi host is added to provide N+1 protection provided by vSphere for computer tier protection. In a rack based solution with local tier 1 storage, there will be no vSphere HA cluster in the compute tier as VMs that run here run on local disks. A number of enhancements occur at the Management tier, the first of which is the addition of another host. The Management hosts will then be configured in an HA cluster. All applicable Horizon View server roles can then be duplicated on the new host where connections to each will be load balanced via the addition of a F5 Load Balancer. SQL will also receive greater protection through the addition and configuration of a SQL mirror with a witness. Compute layer HA (Local Tier 1) The optional HA bundle adds an additional host in the Compute and Management layers to provide redundancy and additional processing power to spread out the load. The Compute layer in this model does not leverage shared storage so hypervisor HA does not provide a benefit here. If a single host fails, another will need to be spun up in the cluster or extra server capacity can be pre-configured and running 79 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 in active status to handle the reconnection/startup of new desktops to accommodate the users from failed host. Because only the Management hosts have access to shared storage, in this model, only these hosts need to leverage the full benefits of hypervisor HA. The Management hosts can be configured in an HA cluster with or without the HA bundle. An extra server in the Management layer will provide protection should a host fail. vSphere HA Admission control can be configured one of three ways to protect the cluster. This will vary largely by customer preference but the most manageable and predictable options are percentage reservations or a specified hot standby. Reserving by percentage will reduce the overall per host density capabilities but will make some use of all hardware in the cluster. Additions and subtractions of hosts will require the cluster to be manually rebalanced. Specifying a failover host, on the other hand, will ensure maximum per host density numbers but will result in hardware sitting idle. 5.6.2 vSphere HA (Shared Tier 1) Both compute and management hosts are identically configured, within their respective tiers and leverage shared storage so can make full use of vSphere HA. The Compute hosts can be configured in an HA cluster following the boundaries of vCenter with respect to limits imposed by VMware (3000 VMs per vCenter). This will result in multiple HA clusters managed by multiple vCenter servers. 80 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Compute Host Cluster vCenter Manage 10000 VMs A single HA cluster will be sufficient to support the Management layer up to 10K users. An additional host can be used as a hot standby or to thin the load across all hosts in the cluster. 5.6.3 Horizon View infrastructure protection VMware Horizon View infrastructure data protection with Dell Data Protection – http://dell.to/1ed2dQf 5.6.4 Management server high availability The applicable core Horizon View roles will be load balanced via DNS by default. In environments requiring HA, F5 can be introduced to manage load-balancing efforts. Horizon View, VCS and vCenter configurations (optionally vCenter Update Manager) are stored in SQL which will be protected via the SQL mirror. If the customer desires, some Role VMs can be optionally protected further via the form of a cold stand-by VM residing on an opposing management host. A vSphere scheduled task can be used, for example, to clone the VM to keep the stand-by VM current. Note – In the HA option, there is no file server VM, its duties have been replaced by introducing a NAS head. The following will protect each of the critical infrastructure components in the solution: 5.6.5 The Management hosts will be configured in a vSphere cluster. SQL Server mirroring is configured with a witness to further protect SQL. Horizon View VCS high availability The VCS role as a VM and running in a VMware HA Cluster, the VCS server can be guarded against a physical server failure. For further protection in an HA configuration, deploy multiple replicated View Connection Server instances in a group to support load balancing and HA. Replicated instances must exist on within a LAN connection environment it is not recommended VMware best practice to create a group across a WAN or similar connection. 81 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.6.6 Windows File Services high availability High availability for file services will be provided by the Dell FS7600, FS8600 or PowerVault NX3300 clustered NAS devices. To ensure proper redundancy, distribute the NAS cabling between ToR switches. Unlike the FS8600, the FS7600 and NX3300 do not support for 802.1q (VLAN tagging) so configure the connecting switch ports with native VLANs, both iSCSI and LAN/ VDI traffic ports. Best practice dictates that all ports be connected on both controller nodes. The back-end ports are used for iSCSI traffic to the storage array as well as internal NAS functionality (cache mirroring and cluster heart beat). Front-end ports can be configured using Adaptive Load Balancing or a LAG (LACP). The Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering recommendation is to configure the original file server VM to use RDMs to access the storage LUNs, therefore migration to the NAS will be simplified by changing the presentation of these LUNs from the file server VM to the NAS. 5.6.7 SQL Server high availability HA for SQL will be provided via a 3-server synchronous mirror configuration that includes a witness (High safety with automatic failover). This configuration will protect all critical data stored within the database from physical server as well as virtual server problems. DNS will be used to control access to the active SQL server, please refer to section 5.7.1 for more details. Place the principal VM that will host the primary copy of the data on the first Management host. Place the mirror and witness VMs on the second or later Management hosts. Mirror all critical databases to provide HA protection. The following article details the step-by-step mirror configuration: training.com/how-to-setup-mirroring-in-sql-server-screen-shots http://www.sqlserver- Additional resources can be found in TechNet: http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms189047.aspx http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188712.aspx 5.6.8 Load balancing Depending on which management components are to be made highly available, the use of a load balancer may be required. The following management components can use a load balancer to function in a high availability mode: View Connection Servers VMware Security Servers (WAN connected VCS’) Virtual Desktops (PCoIP traffic) Dell recommends the F5 for load balancing the Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View solution. For additional reference, please review the following document. In particular, page 44 has a good overview and architecture example. http://www.f5.com/pdf/deployment-guides/vmware-view5-iappdg.pdf. 82 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.6.8.1 DNS for load balancing When considering DNS for non SQL-based components such as VCS or file servers, where a load balancing behavior is desired, invoke the native DNS round robin feature. To invoke round robin, enter the resource records for a service into DNS as A records with the same name. For example, in the base configuration the single VCS server will have its own hostname registered in DNS as an A record. Create a new A record to be used should additional VCS’s come online or be retired for whatever reason. This creates machine portability at the DNS layer to remove the importance of actual server hostnames. The name of this new A record is unimportant but must be used as the primary name record to gain access to the resource, not the server’s host name! In this case three new created A records called “WebInterface”, all presumably pointing to three different servers. When a client requests the name Web Interface, DNS will direct them to the 3 hosts in round robin fashion. The following resolutions were performed from 2 different clients. Repeat this method of creating an identical but load-balanced namespace for all applicable components of the architecture stack. 83 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 5.7 84 VMware Horizon View communication flow Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 6 Customer-provided solution components 6.1 Customer-provided storage requirements In the event that a customer wishes to provide their own storage array solution for a Dell Wyse Datacenter solution, the following minimum hardware requirements must be met: Feature Minimum Requirement Total Tier 2 Storage Space User count and workload dependent Tier 1 IOPS Requirement (Total Users) x workload IOPS Tier 2 IOPS Requirement (Total Users) x 1 IOPS 1GbE Ethernet for LAN/T2 iSCSI Data Networking Notes 1Gb/ 10Gb iSCSI or FC storage required on NL SAS disks minimally. 6-30 IOPS per user may be required depending on workload. T1 storage should be capable of providing user IOPS requirement concurrently to all hosted users. File share usage and size of deployment may shift this requirement. Data networking traffic should be isolated on dedicated NICs and HBAs in each applicable host. 10GbE Ethernet for T1 iSCSI 8Gb FC 10GbE Ethernet for T1 iSCSI 6.2 Customer-provided switching requirements Feature Minimum Requirement Notes Switching Capacity Line rate switch 1Gb or 10Gb switching pertinent to solution being implements. 1Gb switching for iSCSI is only suitable for T2. T1 iSCSI requires 10Gb. 10Gbps Ports Uplink to Core 10Gbps Ports 1Gbps Ports 5x per Management server 5x per Compute Server 6x per Storage Array 1Gbps Ports VLAN Support IEEE 802.1Q tagging and port-based VLAN support. Stacking Capability 85 10, 6 RAID 10 is leveraged for T1 local storage and can be used if required for shared T2. RAID 6 is used in shared T1 and can be optionally used for T2 as well. Yes Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 The ability to stack switches into a consolidated management framework is preferred to minimize disruption and planning when up linking to core networks. 7 Solution performance and testing 7.1 Load generation and monitoring 7.1.1 VMware View Planner View Planner, currently at version 3, operates in two modes; Benchmark mode and Flexible mode. Benchmark mode is used in a locked down or fixed mode and is designed to run a workload that cannot be changed for the purpose of determining a standardized result on a given set of hardware. Flexible mode is more of a traditional version designed to allow customization of workloads to try and emulate target scenarios and produce results designed to determine the scale and density of a given infrastructure. Similar to Login VSI, “helper” or “launcher” systems aid in the testing process with View Planner 3.0. This tool is required for testing Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Solutions in VMware’s Rapid Desktop Program. 7.1.2 Login VSI – Login Consultants Login VSI is the de-facto industry standard tool for testing VDI environments and server-based computing / terminal services environments. It installs a standard collection of desktop application software (e.g. Microsoft Office, Adobe Acrobat Reader etc.) on each VDI desktop; it then uses launcher systems to connect a specified number of users to available desktops within the environment. Once the user is connected the workload is started via a logon script which starts the test script once the user environment is configured by the login script. Each launcher system can launch connections to a number of 'target' machines (i.e. VDI desktops), with the launchers being managed by a centralized management console, which is used to configure and manage the Login VSI environment. Important to note is that there are some performance changes between VSI 3.7 and 4.0. Namely, desktop read/write IO has decreased a bit while CPU utilization has increased in 4.0. 7.1.3 Liquidware Labs Stratusphere UX Stratusphere UX was used during each test run to gather data relating to User Experience and desktop performance. Data was gathered at the Host and Virtual Machine layers and reported back to a central server (Stratusphere Hub). The hub was then used to create a series of “Comma Separated Values” (.csv) reports which have then been used to generate graphs and summary tables of key information. In addition the Stratusphere Hub generates a magic quadrant style scatter plot showing the Machine and IO experience of the sessions. The Stratusphere hub was deployed onto the core network therefore its 86 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 monitoring did not impact the servers being tested. This core network represents an existing customer environment and also includes the following services: Active Directory DNS DHCP Anti-Virus Stratusphere UX calculates the User Experience by monitoring key metrics within the Virtual Desktop environment, the metrics and their thresholds are shown in the following screen shot: 7.1.4 EqualLogic SAN HQ EqualLogic SAN HQ was used for monitoring the Dell EqualLogic storage units in each bundle. SAN HQ has been used to provide IOPS data at the SAN level; this has allowed the team to understand the IOPS required by each layer of the solution. This report details the following IOPS information: 7.1.5 File Server IOPS for User Profiles and Home Directories SQL Server IOPS required to run the solution databases Infrastructure VM IOPS (the IOPS required to run all the infrastructure Virtual servers) VMware vCenter VMware vCenter has been used for VMware vSphere-based solutions to gather key data (CPU, Memory and Network usage) from each of the desktop hosts during each test run. This data was exported to .csv files for each host and then consolidated to show data from all hosts. While the report does not include specific performance metrics for the Management host servers, these servers were monitored during testing and were seen to be performing at an expected performance level. 87 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.2 Performance analysis methodology In order to ensure the optimal combination of end user experience (EUE) and cost-per-user, performance analysis and characterization (PAAC) on Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions is carried out using a carefully designed, holistic methodology that monitors both hardware resource utilization parameters and EUE during load-testing. This methodology is based on the three pillars shown below. Login VSI is currently the load-testing tool used during PAAC of Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions; Login VSI is the de-facto industry standard for VDI and server-based computing (SBC) environments and is discussed in more detail below. 7.2.1 Resource utilization Poor end user experience is one of the main risk factors when implementing desktop virtualization but the root cause for poor end user experience is resource contention – hardware resources at some point in the solution have been exhausted causing poor performance. In order to ensure that this has not happened (and that it is not close to happening), PAAC on Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions monitors the relevant resource utilization parameters and applies relatively conservative thresholds as shown in the table below. As discussed above, these thresholds are carefully selected to deliver an optimal combination of good end user experience and cost-per-user, while also providing burst capacity for seasonal / intermittent spikes in usage. These thresholds are used to decide the number of virtual desktops (density) that can be hosted by a specific hardware environment (i.e. combination of server, storage and networking) that forms the basis for this Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture. 88 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Resource Utilization Thresholds 7.2.2 Parameter Pass / Fail Threshold Physical host CPU utilization 85% Physical host memory utilization 85% Network throughput 85% Storage IO latency 20ms EUE tools information Good EUE is one of the primary factors in determining the success of a VDI implementation. As a result, a number of vendors have developed toolsets that monitor the environmental parameters that are relevant to EUE. PAAC on Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions uses the Liquidware Labs Stratusphere UX tool to ensure that good EUE is delivered for the density numbers defined in our RAs. More specifically, our PAAC analysis uses a scatter plot provided by Stratusphere UX which presents end-user experience for all load-testing users. Stratusphere UX does this by algorithmically combining relevant parameters in relation to virtual machine experience (e.g. login duration) and virtual desktop IO experience (e.g. disk queue length) to provide a plot that shows end user experience as good, fair or poor using a golden-quadrant type approach. 7.2.3 EUE real user information To complement the tools-based end user experience information gathered using Stratusphere UX (as described above) and to provide further certainty around the performance of Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions, PAAC on our solutions also involves a user logging into one of the solutions when they are fully loaded (based on the density specified in the relevant RA) and executing user activities that are representative of the user type being tested (e.g. task, knowledge or power user). An example would be a knowledge worker executing a number of appropriate activities in Excel. The purpose of this activity is to verify that the end-user experience is as good as the user would expect on a physical laptop or desktop. 7.2.4 Dell Wyse Datacenter workloads and profiles It is important to understand user workloads and profiles when designing a desktop virtualization solution in order to understand the density numbers that the solution can support. For our testing, we use three workload / profile levels, each of which is bound by specific metrics and capabilities. In addition, we use workloads and profiles that are targeted at graphics-intensive use cases. We have presented detailed information for these workloads and profiles below, however it is useful to define the terms “workload” and “profile” as they are used in this document. 89 Profile – The configuration of the virtual desktop – the number of vCPUs and amount of RAM configured on the desktop (i.e. visible to the user). Workload – The set of applications used for performance analysis and characterization (PAAC) of Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions (e.g. Microsoft Office applications, PDF reader, Internet Explorer etc.). Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.2.5 Dell Wyse Datacenter profiles The table below presents the profiles used during PAAC of the Dell Wyse Datacenter solutions. These profiles have been carefully selected to provide the optimal level of resources for the most common use cases. Profile Name vCPUs per VM Memory per VM Standard 1 2 GB Task worker Enhanced 2 3 GB Knowledge worker Professional Shared Graphics Dedicated Graphics 7.2.6 Use Case 2 4 GB Power user 2 + shared GPU 3 GB Knowledge worker with high graphics requirements 4 + dedicated GPU 32 GB Workstation-type user producing complex 3D models Dell Wyse Datacenter workloads Load testing on each of the profiles described in the above table is carried out using an appropriate workload that is representative of the relevant use case. In the case of the non-graphics use cases, the workloads are Login VSI workloads. In the case of graphics use cases, the workloads are specially designed workloads that stress the VDI environment to a level that is appropriate for the relevant use case. This information is summarized in the table below. Profile Name Workload OS Image Standard Login VSI Light Shared Enhanced Login VSI Medium Shared Professional Login VSI Heavy Shared + profile virtualization Shared Graphics Fishbowl / eDrawings workload Shared + profile virtualization Dedicated Graphics eDrawings / AutoCAD – SPEC Viewperf workload Persistent With respect to the table above, additional information for each of the workloads is given below. It should be noted that for Login VSI testing, the following login and boot paradigm was used: For single-server / single-host testing (typically carried out to determine the virtual desktop capacity of a specific physical server), users were logged in every 30 seconds. For multi-host / full solution testing, users were logged in over a period of 1-hour, to replicate the normal login storm in an enterprise environment. All desktops were fully booted prior to each login attempt. For all testing, virtual desktops ran an industry-standard anti-virus solution (McAfee VirusScan Enterprise) in order to replicate a typical customer environment. 90 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.2.6.1 Login VSI light workload Compared to the Login VSI medium workload described below, the light workload runs fewer applications (mainly Excel and Internet Explorer with some minimal Word activity) and starts/stops the applications less frequently. This results in lower CPU, memory and disk IO usage. 7.2.6.2 Login VSI medium workload The Login VSI medium workload is designed to run on 2 vCPUs per desktop VM. This workload emulates a medium knowledge worker using Office, IE, PDF and Java/FreeMind. The Login VSI medium workload has the following characteristics Once a session has been started the workload will repeat (loop) every 48 minutes. The loop is divided in 4 segments, each consecutive Login VSI user logon will start a different segments. This ensures that all elements in the workload are equally used throughout the test. The medium workload opens up to 5 applications simultaneously. The keyboard type rate is 160 ms for each character. Approximately 2 minutes of idle time is included to simulate real world users. Each loop will open and use: 7.2.6.3 Outlook, browse messages. Internet Explorer, browsing different webpages and a YouTube style video (480p movie trailer) is opened three times in every loop. Word, one instance to measure response time, one instance to review and edit a document. Doro PDF Printer & Acrobat Reader, the word document is printed and reviewed to PDF. Excel, a very large randomized sheet is opened. PowerPoint, a presentation is reviewed and edited. FreeMind, a Java based Mind Mapping application. Login VSI heavy workload The heavy workload is based on the medium workload except that the heavy workload: 91 Begins by opening 4 instances of Internet Explorer. These instances stay open throughout the workload loop. Begins by opening 2 instances of Adobe Reader. These instances stay open throughout the workload loop. There are more PDF printer actions in the workload. Instead of 480p videos a 720p and a 1080p video are watched. Increased the time the workload plays a flash game. The idle time is reduced to 2 minutes. Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.2.7 Workloads running on shared graphics profile Graphics hardware vendors (e.g. NVIDIA) typically market a number of graphics cards that are targeted at different user segments. Consequently, it is necessary to provide two shared graphics workloads – one for mid-range cards and the other for high-end cards. Mid-Range Shared Graphics Workload – The mid-range shared graphics workload is a modified Login VSI medium workload with 60 seconds of graphics-intensive activity (Microsoft Fishbowl at http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/performance/fishbowl/) added to each loop. High-End Shared Graphics Workload – The high-end shared graphics workload consists of one desktop running Heaven Benchmark and n-1 desktops running eDrawings Advanced Animation activity where n = per-host virtual desktop density being tested at any specific time. 7.2.8 Workloads running on dedicated graphics profile Similarly for pass-through graphics, two workloads have been defined in order to align with graphics cards of differing capabilities. Mid-Range Pass-through Graphics Workload – The mid-range pass-through graphics workload consists of one desktop running Heaven Benchmark and n-1 desktops running eDrawings Advanced Animation activity where n = per-host virtual desktop density being tested at any specific time. High-End Pass-through Graphics Workload – One desktop running Viewperf benchmark; n-1 desktops running AutoCAD auto-rotate activity where n = per host virtual desktop density being tested at any specific time. 7.3 Testing and validation 7.3.1 Testing process The purpose of the single server testing is to validate the architectural assumptions made around the server stack. Each user load is tested against 4 runs. A pilot run to validate that the infrastructure is functioning and valid data can be captured and 3 subsequent runs allowing correlation of data. Summary of the test results will be listed out in the below mentioned tabular format. At different stages of the testing the testing team will complete some manual “User Experience” Testing while the environment is under load. This will involve a team member logging into a session during the run and completing tasks similar to the User Workload description. While this experience will be subjective, it will help provide a better understanding of the end user experience of the desktop sessions, particularly under high load and ensure that the data gathered is reliable. Login VSI has two modes for launching user’s sessions: Parallel – Sessions are launched from multiple launcher hosts in a round robin fashion; this mode is recommended by Login Consultants when running tests against multiple host servers. In parallel mode the 92 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 VSI console is configured to launch a number of sessions over a specified time period (specified in seconds) Sequential - Sessions are launched from each launcher host in sequence; sessions are only started from a second host once all sessions have been launched on the first host- this is repeated for each launcher host. Sequential launching is recommended by Login Consultants when testing a single desktop host server. The VSI console is configured to launch a specific number of sessions at a specified interval specified in seconds All test runs were conducted using the Login VSI “Parallel Launch” mode, all sessions were launched over an hour to try and represent the typical 9am logon storm. Once the last user session has connected, the sessions are left to run for 15 minutes prior to the sessions being instructed to logout at the end of the current task sequence, this allows every user to complete a minimum of two task sequences within the run before logging out. The single server test runs were configured to launch user sessions every 60 seconds, as with the full bundle test runs sessions were left to run for 15 minutes after the last user connected prior to the sessions being instructed to log out. 7.4 VMware Horizon View test results This validation was designed to evaluate the capabilities of the Ivy Bridge processors when used in a VMware Horizon View 6 environment with Windows 8. The E5-2690V2v2 processor is used in both rack and blade servers. The Horizon View solutions were deployed on the ESXi 5.5 (exception is testing on VRTX was on ESXi 5.1 U1 due to factory certs on 5.5 in process) Hypervisor. This validation was performed on single server compute host solutions, running on a Dell R720 host. The compute hosts had 256GB of RAM and dual E5-2690V2 v2 3.0GHz 10 core processors. Using Ivy Bridge processors the M620 can support the same processors as the R720 which was not true for the previous generation Sandy Bridge processors. All the results presented below were performed on Local Tier1 storage (10 HDDs installed in RAID 10 group inside the PowerEdge Server directly). Validation was performed using Dell Wyse Datacenter standard testing methodology using LoginVSI load generation tool for VDI benchmarking that simulates production user workloads. The Windows 7 VMs were configured for memory and CPU as follows. The following table illustrates the CPU and memory configuration of the user workloads as tested for ESXi. User Workload 93 vCPUs vRAM Total vRAM Reserve Standard User 1 2 GB N/A Enhanced User 2 3 GB N/A Professional User 2 4 GB N/A Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 As a result of the testing, the following density numbers can be applied to the individual solutions. In all cases CPU percentage used was the limiting factor. Memory usage, IOPs and network usage were not strained. The following table summarizes the user workload resources and densities as tested for ESXi on Windows 7 desktops: Workload VM Density CPU Login State IOPS Login State IOPS per User Steady State IOPS Steady State IOPS per User Standard 185 88.91% 1224 6.61 870 4.70 Enhanced 130 86.56% 891 6.85 808 6.21 Professional 115 87.29% 899 7.81 724 6.29 Windows 7 and 8 VMware Horizon View best practices for optimizing desktops were followed. Details for these are located here: http://www.vmware.com/resources/techresources/10157 Windows 8 desktops were configured with some optimizations to enable the Login VSI workload to run and in order to prevent long delays in the login process. Previous experience with Windows 8 has shown that the login delays are somewhat longer that experienced with Windows 7. These were alleviated by performing the following customizations 7.4.1 Bypass Windows Metro screen to go straight to the Windows Desktop. This is performed by a scheduled task provided by Login Consultants at logon time. Disable the “Hi, while we’re getting things ready…” first time login animation. In randomly assigned Desktop groups each login is seen as a first time login. This registry setting can prevent the animation and therefore the overhead associated with it. [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System] "EnableFirstLogonAnimation"=dword:00000000 McAfee antivirus is configured to treat the Login VSI process VSI32.exe as a low risk process and to not scan that process. Long delays during login of up to 1 minute were detected as VSI32.exe was scanned. Before finalizing the Golden template image, perform a number of logins using domain accounts. This was observed to significantly speed up the logon process for VMs deployed from the Golden image. It is assumed that Windows 8 has a learning process when logging on to a domain for the first time. vSphere 5.5 The R730 servers used local storage which was used as tier1 storage. Additionally VMware Horizon View 5.3 was used in these tests. PowerEdge VRTX at the time of these tests had not validated ESXi 5.5 and so that testing was done on vSphere 5.1 U1. That testing and architecture is listed in the link at the top of this document in the “What’s new” section. 94 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.4.1.1 Standard user workload (185 users) In these results, CPU utilization spiked as the users logged on but returned quickly to a steady state of around 88%. From the Stratusphere plot it can be seen that all users had a good user experience. 185 user graphs: CPU (%) Active Memory (GB) 100 80 60 40 20 5:05 PM 5:15 PM 5:25 PM 5:35 PM 5:45 PM 5:55 PM 6:05 PM 6:15 PM 6:25 PM 6:35 PM 6:45 PM 6:55 PM 7:05 PM 7:15 PM 7:25 PM 7:35 PM 7:45 PM 7:55 PM 0 5:05 PM 5:15 PM 5:25 PM 5:35 PM 5:45 PM 5:55 PM 6:05 PM 6:15 PM 6:25 PM 6:35 PM 6:45 PM 6:55 PM 7:05 PM 7:15 PM 7:25 PM 7:35 PM 7:45 PM 7:55 PM 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 120 Active Memory (GB) CPU (%) 1000 Network (MBps) 900 25 800 700 20 600 500 15 400 300 10 200 100 5 Average read requests per second 0 5:05 PM 5:15 PM 5:25 PM 5:35 PM 5:45 PM 5:55 PM 6:05 PM 6:15 PM 6:25 PM 6:35 PM 6:45 PM 6:55 PM 7:05 PM 7:15 PM 7:25 PM 7:35 PM 7:45 PM 7:55 PM 5:05 PM 5:15 PM 5:25 PM 5:35 PM 5:45 PM 5:55 PM 6:05 PM 6:15 PM 6:25 PM 6:35 PM 6:45 PM 6:55 PM 7:05 PM 7:15 PM 7:25 PM 7:35 PM 7:45 PM 7:55 PM 0 Average write requests per second 95 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Network (MBps) Stratusphere UX plot: 7.4.1.2 Enhanced user workload (130 users) In these results, CPU utilization spiked as the users logged on but returned quickly to a steady state of around 86%. From the Stratusphere plot it can be seen that all users had a good user experience. 130 user graphs: Active Memory (GB) 2:10 PM 2:00 PM 1:50 PM 1:40 PM 0 1:30 PM 0 1:20 PM 20 1:10 PM 20 1:00 PM 40 12:50 PM 40 12:40 PM 60 12:30 PM 60 12:20 PM 80 12:10 PM 80 12:00 PM 100 11:50 AM 120 100 11:40 AM 120 11:40 AM 11:50 AM 12:00 PM 12:10 PM 12:20 PM 12:30 PM 12:40 PM 12:50 PM 1:00 PM 1:10 PM 1:20 PM 1:30 PM 1:40 PM 1:50 PM 2:00 PM 2:10 PM CPU (%) CPU (%) 96 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Active Memory (GB) 97 700 18 600 16 500 14 400 300 200 6 100 4 0 2 11:40 AM 11:50 AM 12:00 PM 12:10 PM 12:20 PM 12:30 PM 12:40 PM 12:50 PM 1:00 PM 1:10 PM 1:20 PM 1:30 PM 1:40 PM 1:50 PM 2:00 PM 2:10 PM Average read requests per second 2:10 PM 2:00 PM 1:50 PM 1:40 PM 1:30 PM 1:20 PM 1:10 PM 1:00 PM 12:50 PM 12:40 PM 12:30 PM 12:20 PM 12:10 PM 12:00 PM 11:50 AM 11:40 AM 800 Network (MBps) 12 10 8 0 Average write requests per second Stratusphere UX plot: Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Network (MBps) 7.4.1.3 Professional user workload (115 users) In these results, CPU utilization spiked as the users logged on but returned quickly to a steady state of around 87%. From the Stratusphere plot it can be seen that all users had a good user experience. 130 User graphs: CPU (%) Active Memory (GB) 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 Active Memory (GB) 800 Network (MBps) 700 16 600 14 500 12 400 10 300 8 200 6 100 4 0 2 0 Average read requests per second Average write requests per second 98 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Network (MBps) 11:20 AM 11:10 AM 11:00 AM 10:50 AM 10:40 AM 10:30 AM 10:20 AM 10:10 AM 9:50 AM 10:00 AM 9:40 AM 9:20 AM CPU (%) 9:30 AM 0 0 Stratusphere UX plot: 7.5 Dell EqualLogic PS6210XS testing with VMware Horizon View 7.5.1 Overview The objective of this testing was to demonstrate 2000 standard (now called enhanced workloads) users would perform through various states of the environment. A single PS6210XS was leveraged for this test. The test infrastructure used the following: VMware Horizon View 5.2 (latest available at the time of this test) VMware vSphere 5.1 (latest available at the time of this test to support View 5.2) Dell PowerEdge R730 (4) and M620 Servers (16) not including additional PowerEdge Servers to support VDI Load generation services. Dell Force10 and PowerConnect switches Dell EqualLogic storage arrays (PS6210XS and PS6510E) During this 2000 VDI desktop test the PS6210XS generated which included satisfactory performance across the entire VDI infrastructure: 99 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Boot Storm IOPS 17514 7.5.2 Login Storm IOPS 17144 Steady State IOPS 16773 ms Avg. Latency 5 Compute resources The entire infrastructure and test configuration was installed in a single Dell PowerEdge M1000e blade chassis complete with 16 PowerEdge M620 blade servers and four additional PowerEdge R730 rack servers. The ESXi clusters used include: 7.5.3 Infrastructure Cluster: PowerEdge M620 blade server hosting virtual machines for Active Directory services, VMware vCenter 5.1 server, Horizon View 5.2 server (primary and secondary), Horizon View Composer server, Microsoft™ Windows Server™ 2008 R2 based file server and SQL Server® 2008 R2. Horizon View Client Clusters: Four PowerEdge R730 rack servers and 15 PowerEdge M620 blade servers hosting virtual desktops. Network resources The following considerations were made for designing the network of the VDI solution presented in this reference architecture: 7.5.4 Two PowerConnect M8024-K blade switches in Fabric A for connectivity to the dedicated iSCSI SAN Two PowerConnect M6348 blade switches stacked in Fabric B for connectivity to the Management LAN, VDI client LAN and a vMotion LAN. Each PowerEdge M620 blade server configured with one Broadcom 57810S Dual Port 10 GbE NIC card and one Broadcom 5719 Quad Port 1 GbE NIC Card. Broadcom 57810S card was assigned as Fabric A LOM and the other Broadcom 5719 1Gb NIC card was assigned as Fabric B on the blade chassis. Fabric A was a 10 GbE network dedicated for iSCSI traffic while Fabric B carried the VDI traffic for all 2,000 VMs. The PowerConnect switches in Fabric B were interconnected using the stacking modules to provide high availability and redundancy of the VDI fabric. Fabric C was unused. Two Force10 S4810 switches were used for external SAN access. These switches were stacked together for failure resiliency and ease of management. iSCSI SAN configuration overview In the figure below it shows the network connectivity between a single PowerEdge M620 Server and the storage array though the blade server chassis: 100 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.5.5 Test objectives: 7.5.6 Test criteria/thresholds: 101 Determine how many virtual desktops can be deployed in a Horizon View environment using a single EqualLogic PS6210XS storage array with acceptable user experience indicators for a standard user workload profile. Determine the performance impact on the storage array of peak I/O activity such as boot and login storms Develop sizing guidelines for Horizon View VDI deployments leveraging EqualLogic PS6210XS hybrid storage arrays The “medium” workload from LoginVSI was used to simulate desktop workloads for each of the 2000 desktops. LoginVSI 3.7 was used. Maintain less than 20ms storage disk latency on average CPU utilization on any ESXi server should not exceed 85% No memory ballooning on any desktop VM Total network bandwidth utilization should not exceed 90% on any one link TCP/IP storage network retransmissions should be less than 0.5% Stratusphere UX’s scatterplot should report desktops in the acceptable user experience range. Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.5.7 Boot storm I/O To simulate a boot storm, the virtual desktops were reset simultaneously from the VMware vSphere client. The figure below shows the storage characteristics during the boot storm – the EqualLogic PS6210XS array delivered 17,514 IOPS (8.7 IOPS per VM) with less than 3 ms average latency under the peak load during this test and all 2,000 desktops were available in about 25 minutes. The above screenshot represents the boot storm for 2,000 VMware Linked Clone VMs with a read/write ratio of 65% read and 35% write. The Replica volumes contributed to the majority of the I/O. Latency was extremely low at a weighted average of 2.78 ms. Due to the large number of VMs being powered on, each Replica volume generated its individual maximum IOPS at different times during the boot storm, depending on when VMs on a particular Replica volume got powered on. The next figure below shows two Replica volumes generating the majority of IOPS when the boot storm itself was at its peak. I/O on Replica volumes were virtually 100% read operations. 102 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Storage network utilization was well within the available bandwidth. The peak network utilization during the boot storm reached approximately 6% of the total storage network bandwidth and then gradually declined once all the VMs were booted up. There were also no retransmissions on the iSCSI SAN. The above results show that EqualLogic PS6210XS hybrid array can handle a heavy I/O load like a boot storms in a VDI environment with no issues. 7.5.8 Login storm I/O Login VSI was configured to launch 2,000 virtual desktops over a period of about 30 minutes after prebooting the virtual desktops. The peak IOPS observed during the login storm was about 17,144 IOPS (8.5 IOPS per VM). Login storms generate significantly more write IOPS than a boot storm due to multiple factors including: • User profile activity • Starting operating system services on the desktop • First launch of applications Once a virtual desktop has achieved a steady state after user login, the Windows 7 OS has cached applications in memory and does not need to access storage each time the application is launched. This leads to lower IOPS during the steady state. The figure below shows the IOPS and latency observed during the login storm. 103 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 The EqualLogic PS6210XS easily handled logging in 2,000 sessions in a short time delivering the required 17,144 IOPS with 4.2 ms of average latency at the peak of the login storm. Table 7 shows the overall disk usage in the array during the login storm. Most of the login storm I/O operations are handled by SSDs and therefore the array is able to provide the best possible performance. Each SSD handled approximately 4,950 IOPS at the peak of login storm; the average latency was very low during the entire login storm time period and the array clearly demonstrated its ability to handle the workload. 104 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.5.9 Steady state I/O Following the completion of the login storm, the I/O profile changed to approximately 24% Read and 76% Write I/O operations at steady state. The total IOPS required during the peak load at steady state with all the users logged in was around 16,773 (8.3 IOPS per VM). EqualLogic PS6210XS delivered these IOPS with 5 ms average latency, which is well below the 20 ms threshold. The average load during the entire steady 26 Desktop Virtualization with VMware Horizon View 5.2 on Dell EqualLogic PS6210XS Hybrid Storage Array state test period was approximately 15,000 IOPS, which EqualLogic PS6210XS delivered with 4.7 ms average latency as shown in Figure below. All changes that occur on the virtual desktop (including temporary OS writes such as memory paging) are being written to disk. The I/O pattern is mostly writes due to this activity. Once the desktops are booted and in a steady state, the read I/O becomes minimal due to Horizon View Storage Accelerator enabling content based read caching (CBRC) on the ESXi hosts. During steady state there is minimal activity on the replica volume and most of the activity is seen on the VDI-Images volumes that host the virtual desktops. The figure below shows the performance of the array during the steady state test. 105 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 106 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.5.10 Server host performance All compute infrastructure values were performance thresholds as previously described and shown below: 107 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 7.5.11 Summary Following are the key observations made over the course of validation: 108 A single EqualLogic PS6210XS was able to host 2,000 virtual desktops and support a standard user type of I/O activity. The VDI I/O was mostly write-intensive I/O with more than 74% writes and less than 26% reads. Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 None of the system resources on the ESXi servers hosting the virtual desktops reached maximum utilization levels at any time. During the boot storm simulation, nearly 17,500 IOPS with less than 2.8 ms of average latency were observed and all the 2,000 desktops were available in Horizon View within 25 minutes of the storm. To simulate a login storm, 2,000 users were logged in within a span of 30 minutes. A single EqualLogic PS6210XS array was able to easily sustain this login storm with approximately 17,150 IOPS and 4.2 ms average. Most of the I/O was served by the SSDs on the array. The user experience for 2,000 desktops was well within acceptable limits. All sessions were in the upper right quadrant and virtually all of them were in the Good category on Stratusphere UX scatter plot. For full results and information please see this document http://dell.to/1g4Gc9v. 109 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6 Acknowledgements Thanks to the Darin Schmitz and Damon Zaylskie of the Dell Compellent MSV Solutions team for providing expertise and validation of the Dell Wyse Datacenter Compellent Tier 1 array. Thanks to Paul Wynne and the Dell Wyse Solutions Ingredients Extended Team for their expertise and continued support validating VDI architectures and Tier 1 storage. Thanks to Sujit Somandepalli and Chhandomay Mandal of Storage Engineering and Storage Technical Marketing respectively for Storage contributions. Thanks to John Kelly of the Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering team for his expertise and guidance in the Dell Wyse Datacenter PAAC process. About the authors Gus Chavira is the Senior Principal Engineering Architect for VMware Horizon based solutions at Dell. Gus has extensive experience and expertise on the VMware solutions software stacks as well as in Enterprise virtualization, storage and enterprise data center design. Gus has worked in capacities of Sys Admin, DBA, Network and Storage Admin, Virtualization Practice Architect, Enterprise and Solutions Architect. In addition, Gus carries a B.S. in Computer Science Peter Fine is the Senior Principal Engineering Architect for VDI-based solutions at Dell. Peter has extensive experience and expertise on the broader Microsoft, Citrix and VMware solutions software stacks as well as in enterprise virtualization, storage, networking and enterprise data center design. Andrew McDaniel is the Solutions Development Manager for VMware solutions at Dell, managing the development and delivery of enterprise-class desktop virtualization solutions based on Dell Data center components and core virtualization platforms. Nicholas Busick is a Senior Solutions Engineer with Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering building, testing, validating and optimizing enterprise VDI stacks. Darpan Patel is a Senior Solutions Engineer with Dell Wyse Solutions Engineering with extensive experience in validating, building and optimizing enterprise class VDI solutions on Microsoft (Hyper-V), VMware (View) and Citrix (XenDesktop). Darpan has a master’s degree in Information Systems from Pace University in New York and is VCP5-DCV certified. (VMware Certified Professional 5 – Data Center Virtualization). David Hulama is a Senior Technical Marketing Advisor for VMware Horizon View solutions at Dell. David has a broad technical background in a variety of technical areas and expertise in enterprise-class virtualization solutions. 110 Dell Wyse Datacenter for VMware Horizon View Reference Architecture | v.6.6
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