1. science
2. ecology
3. pollution

MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
Fine Dust Information
The European Regulation of PM10
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INDUSTRIAL AND STREET CLEANING EQUIPMENT
MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
Introduction
Protecting the environment is one of the issues of today that is receiving
most attention.
Many articles are published in the national and international press to demonstrate
the interest in ecological problems, which are continuously debated among the
authorities, opinion leaders and public figures, as well as by the man in the street.
Pollution is present in all areas of our daily lives: at work, during our free time,
during the day, at night, in our food, drinks and in the environments we act within.
This is a universal problem, affecting the atmosphere and, as a chain reaction,
plant growth, the sea and of course all of the earth’s inhabitants.
One of the most serious forms of pollution, and one most considered in our
cities, concerns atmospheric pollution, found in the air we breathe in every
day. Vehicle exhaust gases, domestic heating, polluting emissions from
industry, all create dust particles that are deposited on the ground together
with other residues, and constitute a serious threat to the health of its
citizens.
The issue that our company has been concentrating on over the years is the
effect of road sweeping on atmospheric pollution, and especially on particulate,
now referred to generically within public opinion as PM10, which causes serious
damage to our health.
Studies carried out in Berlin (Germany) by the DTM were the first to highlight the
devastating effects of road sweeping, done in the German capital using suctiontype machines.
These studies, published by the UBA and carried between 1992 and 1994 with
the aim of maintaining air cleanliness, in fact showed how from an indicative
calculation that the 100 sweepers used daily in the German capital re-emitted into
the air a total of 200,000 kg of dust sucked up from the road surface!!!
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INDUSTRIAL AND STREET CLEANING EQUIPMENT
MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
Where it comes from…
PUBLIC HEALTH…
EU-Enviromental comisinar Dimas published a study that through the emmisions in
Europe 310.000 human dies. And of it only in Germany 65.000 deadth.
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The danger…
The effects on human health
Their danger for health is due to the fact that this fine dust can be inhaled and reach the inner lung, interfering with the
respiratory activity of the bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli.
They often contain many micro pollutants that are very harmful to man, including traces of heavy metals and aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, which can lead to inflammation, fibrosis and cancer.
Results show that mortality rates increase hand in hand with the increase in the number of particulates with a diameter
of less than 2.5 microns: for each “bracket” of 10 micrograms per cubic metre, there is an increase of between 11 and 17
percent in the risk of death from any cause whatsoever . Smaller then 0,1 particular matters goes into our blood.
Particels and where it effects…
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
EU - Regulations…
Regulations governing the presence of PM in the environment.
The regulation of the European Council Directive no. 1999/30/EC sets limits and, where opportune, alarm
thresholds for the concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, particulate and lead in the air in
order to avoid, prevent or reduce their harmful effects on human health and more generally on the environment.
120
average
median
100
PM10 (µg/m³)
EU 24-hr limit value
2005 EU annual standard
80
2010 EU annual standard
60
40
Wien (A)
London-M (GB)
Bern (CH)
Barcelona (E)
Bologna (I)
Gent (B)
Leipzig 97-99 (D)
London-B (GB)
Basel (CH)
Zuerich (CH)
Waasmunster (B)
Ispra (I)
Melpitz (D)
Hohenpeissenberg (D)
Harwell (GB)
Illmitz (A)
Monagrega (E)
Chaumont (CH)
Aspvreten (S)
Birkenes (N)
Skreadalen (N)
Sevettijarvi (FIN)
0
Jungfraujoch (CH)
20
Target of the EU is to reduce the fine dust from average 40 microgram till 2010 to 20
micrograms per m³ air / p.a. .
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
The details…
Hístorical regulated dust control:
- Industry (Fixed installations / engines like Step II / Step II)
- Vehicles (a.e. Engines with Euro 2, 3, 4... )
Street Cleaning machines:
- Engines (Euro 3,4 & 5) and dust outlet
There is NOT existing an official regulation for the fine dust
outlet of street cleaning machines, BECAUSE there is no regulation for
a measuring procedure for the emission of these kind of equipment.
Institution / Association that are working on a measuring procedure:
1.
EUnited (private ass. of all manufactures of street cleaning
machines) They started a labelling „PM10 certificated“ based on a
unscientific measuring procedure with the GRIMM
laserspectograph, without taking care of environmental parameters
(wind, street condition, fine dust material on ground)
2.
VDIA (Verein Deutscher Ingieneure).
The question now ….
What will be swept and effectively filtered?
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The details…
What will be swept and effectively filtered?
Checking list:
1.
What kind of street cleaning machines are existing in the
market?
2.
How do this machines clean / sweep the surfaces?
3.
How do this machine filter the fine dust?
4.
Which kind of instruments are existing to measure the fine dust
outlet?
5.
RESULTS
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The details…
What kind of street cleaning machines are exsisting in the market?
Mechanical Suction Sweeper (Dulevo)
Suction Sweeper:
Schmidt, Schörling, Ravo, MFH, Jonston,...
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The details…
How do this machines clean / sweep the surfaces?
Needed air capacity of 10,00021,000 m3/h
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The details…
How do this machines clean / sweep the surfaces?
Needed air capacity of 18,000-21,000 m3/h
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
The details…
How do this machines clean / sweep the surfaces?
Mechanical-suction machine:
DULEVO’S SWEEPING PATH
MAIN BROOM
DEBRIES INLET(VERTICAL CONVEYOR)
SIDE BROOM
ACTIVE
SWEEPING
PATH
TOTAL
SWEEPING
PATH
SWEEPING DIRECTION
Needed air capacity of max 3.500 m3/h,
BUT only when required.
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What kind of filtering systems are existing?
MECHANICAL – SUCTION SWEEPER
SUCTION SWEEPER
Vs.
Vs.
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
The details…
How does the SUCTION MACHINE filter the fine dust?
Sieve filter of a suction machine for recycling to filter
the fine dust through the water.
What's wrong with this?
This method does not consider the great use of water, which
is in itself becoming a precious resource, nor the re-emission
into the atmosphere of all those PM10 fractions particles
which, being so small, are not weighed down by the water.
It is precisely for this reason that the fine dust particles
collected from the road surface are returned into the
atmosphere at very high speeds and cause an increase in
the PM10 levels measured by the control units.
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The danger…
How does the MECHANICAL-SUCTION MACHINE filter the fine dust?
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
The details…
Which kind of measuring procedures are existing to measure the fine dust outlet?
INDOOR TESTS:
 California Test
 UBA Test
 E-United version II
OUTDOOR TESTS:
 Toronto Test
 E-United version I (mobile
Grimm)
 Stockholm
 Helsinki
Does any test approve our results?
YES!
UBA and Helsinki approved the filtration grade we mentioned.
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The result…
:
Filter method:
Filtered air
capacity Nm³/h
Suction
sweeper of
6 m³ **
Suction
sweeper of 4
m³ *
Suction
sweeper of
4 m³ *
Dulevo
5000 *
General
vehicle
engine
Dulevo
5000*
Dulevo
5000*
water
without water
water
Standard
filter
>3,5t
Euro 4
BIA-C
filter
Gore
filter
10000
4120
4120
2650
2370
3390
100000
76730
71930
469
438
244
Particulate
matter, PM10
fraction
g/h
1000
316,1
296,3
1,24
1,14
1,03
0,82
Particulate
matter, PM10
fraction
kg/year (2000
hours)
2000
632
592,6
2,48
2,28
2,06
1,64
Particulate
matter, PM10
fraction μg/Nm³
** Machine not tested by Studio Alfa, values are those given by the UBA study.
* Machines tested by Studio Alfa.
First row shows the actual capacity of the considered machines during work, rather than the nominal capacity.
Second row shows the PM10 fraction particulate material (from PM0 to PM10) in micrograms measured per cubic metre
given off by the suction turbine(s).
Third row shows the micrograms of particulate material multiplied by the machine capacity in cubic metres, obtaining a
result of grams of PM10 fraction dust emitted in one hour of machine operation.
Fourth row shows the grams of PM10 fraction given off by the machine in one hour of operation multiplied by the average
number of hours swept in one year, consequently giving the Kg of dust re-emitted into the atmosphere over a period of
365 days.
Fifth column compares the emissions of PM of a vehicle with more than 3.5 tonnes, Euro 4 engine in an urban cycle
(average speed 20 Km/h) with the PM emissions from the air given off by a sweeper.
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The results…
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MACCHINE PER PULIZIA INDUSTRIALE E URBANA
RESULTS:
The result…
Dulevo filtering versus engine EURO norm
Spazzatrice Dulevo 5000 Dispositivo filtrante Goretex
Portata aria filtrata Nm3/h
3390
Materiale particellare, frazione PM10 µg/Nm3
244
Materiale particellare frazione PM10 mg/h
820
Materiale particellare frazione PM10 mg/km
102
Dulevo OUT
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RESULTS:
The result…
Filter results of the Dulevo Gore Filter
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