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SPAN-on-Drop Feature on Cisco Nexus Switches:
Troubleshoot Network Congestion
Introduction
Congestion in networks happens more often than expected. Identifying which application or flow is experiencing
congestion can be difficult.
The new Cisco® SPAN-on-Drop feature in the Cisco Nexus® 5600 switches allows the user to identify the
applications experiencing congestion in the network and correlate packet drop with applications.
Note:
Everything discussed in this document paper applies to both the Cisco Nexus 5600 platform and Cisco
Nexus 6000 Series of Switches.
SPAN-on-Drop enables the Cisco Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) feature to be applied to packets that would
normally be dropped due to lack of available buffer or queue space on ingress. With SPAN-on-Drop, instead of
dropping a packet when congestion occurs, the system stores the packet in a separate SPAN-on-Drop buffer and
then sends the packet to the specified SPAN-on-Drop destination port. SPAN-on-Drop with Encapsulated Remote
SPAN (ERSPAN) is an extension of this feature in which the dropped frames are spanned and sent to a remote IP
address instead of a local port.
Line-Rate SPAN
The Cisco Nexus 5600 platform supports high-performance SPAN.
Figure 1 shows the use of line-rate SPAN in this switch.
Figure 1.
Line-Rate SPAN
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The Cisco Nexus 5600 switches are designed to have twice the bandwidth from the port application-specific
integrated circuit (ASIC) to the fabric, making line-rate SPAN possible (120-Gbps of regular traffic plus 120-Gbps of
SPAN replicated packets). The switches have four times the bandwidth from the fabric to the port ASIC, increasing
the likelihood that a downlink will be available from the fabric to the egress unified port controller (UPC) and
avoiding fabric congestion.
The switches also have a dedicated buffer space for SPAN (which is very small compared to the buffer space for
data traffic), so SPAN-on-Drop does not affect production traffic. Data traffic is always given higher priority than
SPAN traffic.
How SPAN-on-Drop Works
As shown in Figure 2, if the ingress data buffer becomes full, the network will start to experience tail drop. The
ingress data buffer may become full if the port is oversubscribed (that is, if the port receives much more data that it
can handle). Port-speed mismatch, buffer discrepancies, and congestion in the network are some of the many
reasons that a port may be oversubscribed.
Figure 2.
SPAN-on-Drop
Cisco Nexus 5600 platform switches have a separate SPAN buffer. The data packets are stored in the data buffer
and then transported to the destination, until the buffer becomes full. When the data buffer is completely full, the
data packets start to be dropped. All the packets that are dropped due to buffer exhaustion are moved to the SPAN
buffer, which can then be spanned to a local or remote host. In this way, all the applications suffering from packet
loss can be identified by running a packet analyzer such as Wireshark at the monitored destination.
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Configuration
SPAN-on-Drop uses the existing SPAN configuration in Cisco NX-OS Software.
The configuration examples presented below use this scenario: A lot of ports are sending data to port 3/1. At some
point, the buffers for port 3/1 start to fill up, leading to tail drops. To identify which application is experiencing loss,
you can configure a SPAN-on-Drop session using port 3/1 as the source, send the SPAN data to a local or remote
host running Wireshark, and then decode all the packets that were dropped. With this approach, you can easily
debug drops and identify the application being degraded by congestion.
SPAN-on-Drop with Local Destination SPAN Port
This configuration creates a SPAN session with type SPAN-on-DROP. In the following example, the source
interface, where congestion may be present, is port e3/1. The destination port is e3/2, which must be in switchport
monitor mode.
switch(config)# monitor session <session_number> type SPAN-on-DROP
switch(config-SPAN-on-DROP)# source interface e3/1
switch(config-SPAN-on-DROP)# destination interface e3/2
SPAN-on-Drop with ERSPAN
This configuration creates a SPAN session with type SPAN-on-DROP-erspan. In the following example, the
source interface, where congestion may be present, is port e3/1. The destination port is a remote host with IP
address 100.1.1.2.
switch(config)# monitor session <session_number> type SPAN-on-DROP-erspan
switch(config-SPAN-on-DROP-erspan)# source interface e3/1
switch(config-SPAN-on-DROP-erspan)# destination ip 100.1.1.2
Note:
The destination port configuration and restrictions are the same as for a local SPAN session. Access
control list (ACL)-based SPAN is not supported for SPAN-on-Drop sessions. Maximum transmission unit (MTU)
truncation also is not supported with SPAN-on-Drop.
To verify that the monitor session was correctly configured, use the command show monitor session
<session_number>.
Feature Guidelines
Note the following guidelines when using the SPAN-on-Drop feature:
●
The feature works for unicast packets and not multicast because packet drops can be monitored on ingress
only. For Multicast, packets are dropped at Egress in case of congestion.
●
The source interfaces can only be Ethernet, although they can be part of a PortChannel. Sources also can
be a part of a SPAN-on-Drop session and a local SPAN session simultaneously. Fabric extender (HIF)
interfaces are not supported as sources; however, fabric (NIF) interfaces are supported. Setting a fabric
interface as a source allows SPAN-on-Drop to be enabled on all fabric extender ports associated with that
fabric interface.
●
Only one SPAN-on-drop or SPAN-on-drop ERSPAN session can be active at a time. However, you can
have multiple source ports and multiple destination ports. Source ports can be part of a SPAN-on-Drop
session and a local SPAN session simultaneously.
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●
Direction on the source interface is not supported. The command-line interface (CLI) does not support
direction for source interfaces such as local SPAN or ERSPAN; however, as an option, you can specify that
an interface is an ingress interface.
Conclusion
The SPAN-on-Drop feature can be helpful in troubleshooting applications that are experiencing loss in the network.
By applying SPAN to packets that are dropped, the user can easily identify the packets that are being dropped and
determine whether the packets are being dropped because of network congestion or misconfiguration and so on.
For More Information
●
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMdTPjQcNZ8
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