1. No category

Ecclesiastes 3:1-­‐8 To every thing there is a season, and a 9me to every purpose under the heaven: A 9me to be born, and a 9me to die; a 9me to plant, and a 9me to pluck up that which is planted; A 9me to kill, and a 9me to heal; a 9me to break down, and a 9me to build up; A 9me to weep, and a 9me to laugh; a 9me to mourn, and a 9me to dance; A 9me to cast away stones, and a 9me to gather stones together; a 9me to embrace, and a 9me to refrain from embracing; A 9me to get, and a 9me to lose; a 9me to keep, and a 9me to cast away; A 9me to rend, and a 9me to sew; a 9me to keep silence, and a 9me to speak; A 9me to love, and a 9me to hate; a 9me of war, and a 9me of peace. Why Phosphate? Why Phosphate? •  Divalent esters •  Kine9cally stable –  (Thermodynamically unstable in biological energy transac9ons) •  Highly anionic –  (Therefore do not cross cell membranes by diffusion) Transaldolase In Biochem Transketolase Transketolase Benzoin Condensa9on Benzoin Transketolase Benzoin Condensa9on Benzoin In Biochem Thiamine In Biochem Thiamine In Biochem Thiamine In Biochem Thiamine Cannizzaro Dispropor9ona9on Hydride Transfer Cannizzaro Dispropor9ona9on Cannizzaro Dispropor9ona9on In Biochem In Biochem Gustav Embden O/o Meyerhof ATP H+ ADP ATP H+ ADP Transaldolase + NAD+ NADH + Pi + H+ ADP ATP H2O ADP + ATP H+ CH3COCO2-­‐ + NADH CH3CHOHCO2-­‐ + NAD+ lactate (C3H6O3) pyruvate CO2 + CH3CHO + NADH yeast CH3CH2OH + NAD+ ethanol (C2H6O + CO2 = C3H6O3) Glucose C6H12O6 Net 2ATP + 2Pi 2 Lactate DG = -­‐ 44.1kcal/mol C3H6O3 2ATP DG = + 14.6kcal/mol Efficiency = 33% Corn Ethanol H2O + C2H6O 2CO2 + 12H+ + 12e-­‐ 6 e-­‐ / C C4H10 + 8H2O butane 4CO2 + 26H+ + 26e-­‐ 6.5 e-­‐ / C Heat of CombusIon Ethanol 7.1 kcal/g Gasoline 13.1 kcal/g 6ATP + 2 C3H6O3 lactate 2ADP + 2Pi + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 + 6ADP + 6Pi glucose 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP Triosephosphate Isomerase Hans Krebs Ecclesiastes 3:1-­‐8 To every thing there is a season, and a 9me to every purpose under the heaven: A 9me to be born, and a 9me to die; a 9me to plant, and a 9me to pluck up that which is planted; A 9me to kill, and a 9me to heal; a 9me to break down, and a 9me to build up; A 9me to weep, and a 9me to laugh; a 9me to mourn, and a 9me to dance; A 9me to cast away stones, and a 9me to gather stones together; a 9me to embrace, and a 9me to refrain from embracing; A 9me to get, and a 9me to lose; a 9me to keep, and a 9me to cast away; A 9me to rend, and a 9me to sew; a 9me to keep silence, and a 9me to speak; A 9me to love, and a 9me to hate; a 9me of war, and a 9me of peace.